WO2022116488A1 - 液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置 - Google Patents

液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022116488A1
WO2022116488A1 PCT/CN2021/096761 CN2021096761W WO2022116488A1 WO 2022116488 A1 WO2022116488 A1 WO 2022116488A1 CN 2021096761 W CN2021096761 W CN 2021096761W WO 2022116488 A1 WO2022116488 A1 WO 2022116488A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
display panel
crystal display
refresh frequency
fixed
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PCT/CN2021/096761
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖文武
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深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Priority to US17/437,432 priority Critical patent/US11996063B2/en
Publication of WO2022116488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022116488A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3655—Details of drivers for counter electrodes, e.g. common electrodes for pixel capacitors or supplementary storage capacitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2092—Details of a display terminals using a flat panel, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto
    • G09G3/2096—Details of the interface to the display terminal specific for a flat panel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3696—Generation of voltages supplied to electrode drivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
    • G09G2300/0852—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor being a dynamic memory with more than one capacitor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0209—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display
    • G09G2320/0214—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display with crosstalk due to leakage current of pixel switch in active matrix panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0247—Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/04—Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
    • G09G2340/0407—Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas
    • G09G2340/0435—Change or adaptation of the frame rate of the video stream

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a liquid crystal display panel, a driving method and a display device.
  • Freesync technology was first proposed by AMD manufacturers, which can solve image tearing and fluctuation, thereby improving the smooth game experience of the picture.
  • the refresh rate is a technology that dynamically adjusts the refresh rate of the monitor to match the refresh rate of the graphics card.
  • a monitor that supports FreeSync requires an AMD graphics card and an APU (Accelerated Processing Unit, accelerated processor) coordination participation.
  • Freesync technology dynamically adjusts the refresh rate of the display by changing the vertical blanking period (Vblank), and the liquid crystal in the Vblank interval is always in a leakage state, resulting in a lower voltage of the pixel electrode, which in turn causes the display to have a higher brightness difference at different refresh frequencies. Large or display flickering problem.
  • the present application provides a liquid crystal display panel, a driving method and a display device, which solve the problems of a large brightness difference or flickering of the display when a variable refresh frequency is displayed at different refresh frequencies.
  • the present application provides a liquid crystal display panel, which includes a fixed refresh frequency mode and a variable refresh frequency mode; the fixed refresh frequency mode has a fixed refresh frequency, and in response to the fixed refresh frequency, the liquid crystal display panel provides a fixed common voltage to The first electrode plate; the variable refresh rate mode has a variable refresh rate, and in response to the variable refresh rate, the liquid crystal display panel provides a variable first common voltage to the first electrode plate of the storage capacitor.
  • the first common voltage is greater than the fixed common voltage
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes a timing controller and a power supply module; the timing controller is used to output corresponding control instructions according to the connected input signal ; The power supply module is connected with the sequence controller for outputting the first common voltage according to the control instruction.
  • the timing controller includes a control unit and a frequency identification unit; the input end of the frequency identification unit is connected to the input signal; the control unit is connected to the frequency identification unit The output terminal of the unit is connected to the power supply module.
  • the input signal is an enable signal.
  • the enable signal includes a vertical blanking period.
  • the fixed refresh frequency corresponds to a fixed vertical blanking period
  • the variable refresh frequency corresponds to a variable vertical blanking period
  • variable vertical blanking period when the variable refresh frequency is less than the fixed refresh frequency, the variable vertical blanking period is greater than the fixed vertical blanking period.
  • the present application provides a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel, comprising: acquiring and identifying a fixed refresh frequency mode or a variable refresh frequency mode of the liquid crystal display panel, wherein the fixed refresh frequency mode has a fixed refresh frequency, and the variable refresh frequency The frequency mode has a variable refresh frequency; in response to the fixed refresh frequency, the liquid crystal display panel provides a corresponding fixed common voltage to the first plate of the storage capacitor; and in response to the variable refresh frequency, the liquid crystal display panel provides a variable first plate Common voltage to the first plate.
  • the present application provides a display device including the liquid crystal display panel in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the liquid crystal display panel, driving method and display device provided by the present application can dynamically improve or eliminate the low voltage of the pixel electrode by providing a variable first common voltage to the first plate of the storage capacitor in the variable refresh frequency mode In order to improve or eliminate the problem of large brightness difference or flickering when displaying with different refresh frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of comparison of frame images when the liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present application adopts different refresh frequencies.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ratio of the corresponding common voltages when the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present application adopts different refresh frequency modes.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel driving circuit in a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of comparison of corresponding common voltages when the liquid crystal display panel according to the embodiment of the present application adopts different refresh frequencies.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • This embodiment provides a liquid crystal display panel, which includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a liquid crystal located between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
  • the array substrate is provided with a first common electrode layer, a plurality of a scan line arranged along a first direction and a plurality of data lines arranged along a second direction, wherein the first direction is different from the second direction, specifically, the first direction can be perpendicular to the second direction;
  • the liquid crystal display panel may further include a timing controller 100 and a power supply module 200; the timing controller 100 outputs the output according to the received front-end video source
  • the data signal Data, the control signal CS and the enable signal DE are outputted corresponding control commands to the power module 200, and the power module 200 outputs the corresponding fixed common voltage Vcom or the first common voltage Acom according to the control commands.
  • the timing controller 100 is connected to the power module 200 through a bidirectional two-wire synchronous serial bus I2C.
  • the bidirectional two-wire synchronous serial bus I2C is relatively simple and efficient, and it only needs two wires to transmit information between devices connected to the bus.
  • the master device is used to start the bus to transmit data and generate a clock to open the device for transmission. At this time, any addressed device is considered a slave device.
  • the relationship between master and slave, sending and receiving on the bus is not constant, but depends on the direction of data transfer at this time.
  • the host wants to send data to the slave device, the host first addresses the slave device, then actively sends the data to the slave device, and finally the host terminates the data transfer; if the host wants to receive data from the slave device, the master device addresses the slave device first. Then the host receives the data sent from the device, and finally the host terminates the receiving process. In this case, the host is responsible for generating the timing clock and terminating the data transfer.
  • the power module 200 may include, but is not limited to, a power management chip.
  • the enable signal DE includes a vertical blanking period; when the vertical blanking period is configured as a fixed vertical blanking period Vblank1, the refresh frequency of the liquid crystal display panel is correspondingly configured as Fixed refresh frequency F1; when the vertical blanking period is configured as a variable vertical blanking period Vblank2, the refresh frequency of the liquid crystal display panel is correspondingly configured as a variable refresh frequency F2.
  • the vertical display period Vactive of the Nth frame of images is still the same.
  • N can be an integer.
  • the liquid crystal display panel may include two fixed refresh frequency mode M1 and variable refresh frequency mode M2 that work alternately; wherein, the fixed refresh frequency mode M1 has a fixed refresh frequency F1 ;
  • the variable refresh rate mode M2 has a variable refresh rate F2.
  • the first common voltage Acom may be equal to the fixed common voltage Vcom; while the liquid crystal display panel operates in the variable refresh frequency mode M2, and the variable refresh frequency F2
  • the first common voltage Acom is higher than the fixed common voltage Vcom.
  • the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel may also include a plurality of pixel driving circuits distributed in an array; each pixel driving circuit includes a writing transistor T, a liquid crystal capacitor Clc and a storage capacitor Cst; It is connected to one of the drain D/source S of the writing transistor T, the gate G of the writing transistor T is connected to the scan line, and the other one of the drain D/source S of the writing transistor T is connected to the liquid crystal capacitor.
  • the first plate of Clc is connected to the second plate of the storage capacitor Cst; the second plate of the liquid crystal capacitor Clc is connected to the second common electrode layer in the color filter substrate; the first plate of the storage capacitor Cst is connected to the array substrate in the first common electrode layer.
  • the data line is used for transmitting the data signal Data.
  • the writing transistor T can be, but is not limited to, a P-channel thin film transistor, but also an N-channel thin film transistor, which can be selected according to the type of scan signal transmitted in the scan line.
  • the power module 200 outputs a second common voltage CFcom to the second common electrode layer, and outputs a fixed common voltage Vcom or a first common voltage Acom to the first common electrode layer.
  • the second common voltage CFcom may be, but not limited to, output from the power module 200 .
  • the storage capacitor Cst always leaks electricity through the first common electrode layer, especially
  • the variable refresh frequency F2 is less than the fixed refresh frequency F1
  • the variable vertical blanking period Vblank2 is greater than the fixed vertical blanking period Vblank1, which aggravates this leakage and causes the liquid crystal display panel to be in a variable state less than the fixed refresh frequency F1.
  • the brightness at the refresh frequency F2 is low, resulting in a corresponding brightness difference ⁇ Lum, which seriously affects the display quality and is not conducive to passing the Freesync certification of the AMD organization.
  • the refresh rate of most monitors is fixed at 60Hz, but monitors with high refresh rates can reach 75, 120, 144Hz.
  • Displays that support FreeSync will refresh synchronously with the game.
  • the upper limit of the refresh rate is its highest refresh rate, and the refresh rate will be lowered if necessary.
  • FreeSync Even modern integrated graphics can easily exceed 60 frames per second when playing this type of game, and the software can use V-Sync technology to keep the game's frame rate in sync with the monitor's refresh rate.
  • the liquid crystal display panel provides the variable first common voltage Acom to the first plate of the storage capacitor Cst in response to the variable refresh frequency F2. It can be understood that, by providing the variable first common voltage Acom to the first plate of the storage capacitor Cst in the variable refresh frequency mode M2, it should be noted that it is connected to the storage capacitor before the technical solution is improved.
  • the first common voltage Acom has a corresponding increase in this implementation, which can dynamically improve or eliminate the problem of low voltage of the pixel electrode, thereby improving or eliminating the brightness of the display at different refresh frequencies.
  • the difference ⁇ Lum is large or there is a flickering problem.
  • the liquid crystal display panel in response to the fixed refresh frequency F1, the liquid crystal display panel provides a fixed common voltage Vcom to the first plate; when the variable refresh frequency F2 is less than the fixed refresh frequency F1, the first common voltage Acom is greater than the fixed common voltage Vcom.
  • the timing controller 100 further includes a control unit 120 and a frequency identification unit 110; the input end of the frequency identification unit 110 is connected to the enable signal DE; the output end of the control unit 120 and the frequency identification unit 110 and The power module 200 is connected.
  • the frequency identification unit 110 can obtain the current refresh frequency of the liquid crystal display panel according to the enable signal DE.
  • the current refresh frequency is consistent with the fixed refresh frequency F1
  • the liquid crystal display panel is in the fixed refresh frequency mode M1
  • the fixed refresh frequency F1 is inconsistent
  • the liquid crystal display panel is in the variable refresh frequency mode M2.
  • the sequence controller 100 increases the first common output of the power module 200 through a corresponding control command. Voltage Acom. It can be understood that, the smaller the current refresh frequency is, the larger the first common voltage Acom is.
  • the present application provides a method for driving a liquid crystal display panel, which includes the following steps: Step S100 : acquiring and identifying a fixed refresh frequency mode M1 or a variable refresh frequency of the liquid crystal display panel Mode M2, the fixed refresh frequency mode M1 has a fixed refresh frequency F1, and the variable refresh frequency mode M2 has a variable refresh frequency F2; Step S200: In response to the fixed refresh frequency F1, the liquid crystal display panel provides a corresponding fixed common voltage Vcom to a first electrode plate of the storage capacitor Cst; and step S300: in response to the variable refresh frequency F2, the liquid crystal display panel provides a variable first common voltage Acom to the first electrode plate.
  • variable first common voltage Acom to the first plate of the storage capacitor Cst in the variable refresh frequency mode M2
  • the problem of the low voltage of the pixel electrode can be dynamically improved or eliminated, This further improves or eliminates the problem of a large difference in brightness or flickering when displayed at different refresh frequencies.
  • the present application provides a display device including the liquid crystal display panel in any of the above embodiments.
  • variable first common voltage Acom to the first plate of the storage capacitor Cst in the variable refresh frequency mode M2
  • the problem of the low voltage of the pixel electrode can be dynamically improved or eliminated, This further improves or eliminates the problem of a large difference in brightness or flickering when displayed at different refresh frequencies.
  • the display device in this embodiment may be, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal display panel, and the liquid crystal display panel may also be configured to include a polarizing film, a glass substrate, a black matrix, a color filter, a protective film, Common electrode, alignment layer, liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal, spacer, sealant), capacitor, display electrode, prism layer, light scattering layer.
  • Polarizer is also known as polarizer.
  • the polarizer is divided into upper polarizer and lower polarizer.
  • the polarizing functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other, and their function is like a fence, blocking light wave components as required, such as blocking and
  • the polarizer fences the vertical light wave components, and only allows the light wave components parallel to the fence to pass.
  • a glass substrate can be divided into an upper substrate and a lower substrate in a liquid crystal display, and its main function is to clamp the liquid crystal material in the space between the two substrates.
  • the material of the glass substrate is generally alkali-free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.
  • TFT-LCD one glass substrate is distributed with TFTs, and the other glass substrate is deposited with color filters.
  • Black Matrix uses materials with high shading properties to separate the three primary colors of red, green and blue in the color filter (to prevent color confusion) and prevent light leakage, thereby helping to improve the contrast of each color block.
  • the black matrix can also mask the internal electrode traces or thin film transistors.
  • Color filter also known as color filter, is used to generate three primary colors of red, green and blue light to achieve full color display of liquid crystal displays.
  • Alignment Layer also known as Alignment Layer or Alignment Layer, is used to enable liquid crystal molecules to achieve uniform arrangement and orientation on a microscopic scale.
  • the transparent electrode is divided into a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and the input signal voltage is loaded between the two electrodes of the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
  • the transparent electrode is usually formed by depositing an indium tin oxide (ITO) material on a glass substrate to form a transparent conductive layer.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the liquid crystal material plays a role similar to a light valve in the LCD, which can control the brightness and darkness of the transmitted light, so as to obtain the effect of information display.
  • Driver IC Integrated Circuit Chip is actually a set of integrated circuit chip device, which is used to adjust and control the phase, peak value, frequency, etc. of the potential signal on the transparent electrode, establish the driving electric field, and finally realize the information display of the liquid crystal.
  • the active matrix liquid crystal display is sealed between two glass substrates with twisted nematic (TN, Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal material.
  • the upper glass substrate close to the display screen is deposited with red, green and blue (RGB) color filters (or color filters), a black matrix and a common transparent electrode.
  • the lower glass substrate (the substrate farther from the display screen) is installed with thin film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, and the like.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • An alignment film (or an alignment layer) is prepared on the inner side of the two glass substrates to align the liquid crystal molecules.
  • Liquid crystal material is poured between the two glass substrates, and spacers are distributed to ensure the uniformity of the gap.
  • the surrounding area is bonded by means of frame sealing glue to play a sealing role; the common electrodes of the upper and lower glass substrates are connected by means of a silver dispensing process.
  • the outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates are respectively attached with polarizers (or polarizing films).
  • polarizers or polarizing films.
  • LCD product is a kind of non-active light-emitting electronic device, which does not have light-emitting characteristics. It must rely on the emission of light source in the backlight module to obtain display performance. Therefore, the brightness of LCD is determined by its backlight module. It can be seen that the performance of the backlight module directly affects the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the backlight module includes a lighting source, a reflective plate, a light guide plate, a diffuser, a brightness enhancement film (prism sheet), a frame, and the like.
  • the backlight modules used in LCD can be mainly divided into two categories: edge-lit backlight modules and direct-illuminated backlight modules.
  • Mobile phones, notebook computers and monitors (15 inches) mainly use edge-lit backlight modules, while LCD TVs mostly use direct-illuminated backlight modules as light sources.
  • the light source of the backlight module is mainly cold cathode fluorescent lamp (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp, CCFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) light sources are backlight sources for LCDs.
  • Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp CCFL
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • the reflector sheet also known as the reflector, is mainly used to completely send the light emitted by the light source into the light guide plate, so as to reduce the useless loss as much as possible.
  • the main function of the light guide plate is to guide the light emitted by the side light source to the front of the panel.
  • Prism Film also known as Brightness Film Enhancement Film
  • the main function is to refract and totally reflect each scattered light through the film layer, concentrate it at a certain angle, and then emit it from the backlight source to achieve a brightening display effect on the screen.
  • the main function of the diffuser is to correct the edge light of the backlight module into a uniform surface light source to achieve the effect of optical diffusion.
  • the diffuser is divided into an upper diffuser and a lower diffuser.
  • the upper diffusion sheet is located between the prism sheet and the liquid crystal assembly, and is closer to the display panel.
  • the lower diffuser is located between the light guide plate and the prism sheet, which is closer to the backlight.
  • LCD is a display that uses liquid crystal as material.
  • Liquid crystal is a kind of organic compound between solid and liquid. Under normal temperature conditions, it exhibits both the fluidity of liquid and the optical anisotropy of crystal. It will become a transparent liquid when heated, and will become crystalline after cooling. turbid solid.
  • the liquid crystal molecules Under the action of the electric field, the liquid crystal molecules will change in arrangement, which will affect the change in the intensity of the incident light beam passing through the liquid crystal. Accordingly, by controlling the electric field of the liquid crystal, the light and dark changes of the light can be realized, so as to achieve the purpose of information display. Therefore, the liquid crystal material acts like a small "light valve".
  • LCD usually needs to configure an additional light source for the display panel.
  • the main light source system is called a "backlight module”. Light, its role is mainly to provide a uniform backlight.
  • LCD technology is to pour liquid crystal between two planes with thin grooves.
  • the grooves in these two planes are perpendicular to each other (intersecting at 90 degrees). That is, if the molecules on one plane are aligned north-south, then the molecules on the other plane are aligned east-west, and the molecules located between the two planes are forced into a state of 90-degree twist. Since the light travels along the direction of the arrangement of the molecules, the light is also twisted by 90 degrees as it passes through the liquid crystal. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules will rotate, changing the light transmittance, thereby realizing multi-grayscale display.
  • LCDs usually consist of two polarizers that are perpendicular to each other.
  • the polarizer acts like a fence, blocking light wave components as required. For example, the light wave component perpendicular to the polarizer fence is blocked, and only the light wave component parallel to the fence is allowed to pass. Natural light is scattered randomly in all directions.
  • Two polarizers, perpendicular to each other, should normally block all natural light trying to penetrate. However, since the two polarizers are filled with twisted liquid crystal, after the light passes through the first polarizer, it will be twisted 90 degrees by the liquid crystal molecules, and finally pass through the second polarizer.
  • each pixel is usually composed of 3 liquid crystal cells, each of which is preceded by red, green or blue (RGB) The three-color filter. In this way, the light passing through different cells can display different colors on the screen.
  • RGB red, green or blue
  • Color filters are typically deposited on the front glass substrate of the display, along with the black matrix and common transparent electrode.
  • Color LCDs can create colorful images in high-resolution environments.
  • the human eye When multiple images are generated at a speed exceeding 24 frames/s, the human eye will perceive a continuous picture. This is also the origin of the movie playback speed of 24 frames per second. If the display speed is lower than this standard, people will obviously feel the pause and discomfort of the picture. Calculated according to this indicator, the display time of each picture needs to be less than 40ms. High-definition high-definition display of fast moving pictures, and the general image movement speed exceeds 60 frames/s. That is to say, the interval time of each frame of the active picture is 16.67ms.
  • response time of the liquid crystal is greater than the interval time between each frame of the picture, people will feel that the picture is a little blurred when watching fast-moving images.
  • Response time is a special indicator of LCDs.
  • the response time of the LCD refers to the speed at which each pixel of the display responds to the input signal, that is, the response time of the liquid crystal from "dark to bright” or "bright to dark". The smaller the value, the better, and the fast enough response time can ensure the coherence of the picture. If the response time is too long, it may cause the LCD to have a trailing trailing feeling when displaying dynamic images.
  • the general response time of LCD is 2 ⁇ 5ms.
  • TFT refers to the transistor array on the glass substrate of the liquid crystal panel, so that each pixel of the LCD has its own semiconductor switch.
  • Each pixel can control the liquid crystal between the two glass substrates through dot pulses, that is, through an active switch to achieve independent and precise control of each pixel "point-to-point". Therefore, each node of the pixel is relatively independent and can be controlled continuously.
  • the TFT type LCD is mainly composed of a glass substrate, a gate electrode, a drain electrode, a source electrode, a semiconductor active layer (a-Si) and the like.
  • the TFT array is generally co-deposited on the rear glass substrate of the display screen (substrate farther from the display screen) together with transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc.
  • the configuration of such a transistor array helps to improve the response speed of the liquid crystal display screen, and can also control the display grayscale, thereby ensuring that the color of the LCD image is more vivid and the picture quality is more pleasing to the eye. Therefore, most LCDs, LCD TVs and some mobile phones are driven by TFT, whether it is a small and medium-sized LCD with a narrow viewing angle twisted nematic (TN) mode, or a large-size LCD with a wide viewing angle (IPS) mode.
  • LCD-TVs Liquid crystal televisions
  • TFT-LCDs Liquid crystal televisions

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置，液晶显示面板包括固定刷新频率模式和可变刷新频率模式；响应于可变刷新频率，液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压至存储电容的第一极板；通过在可变刷新频率模式中提供可变的第一公共电压至存储电容的第一极板，可以动态改善或者消除像素电极的电压较低的问题。

Description

液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，具体涉及一种液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置。
 背景技术
近年来电竞市场的火热让不少硬件厂商看到了商机，从而在显示器的选择上也越来越多样化，其中Freesync（可变刷新率技术）已逐渐成为目前主流电竞显示领域的一项关键功能技术指标。
Freesync技术最早是由AMD厂商提出的一项技术，可解决图像撕裂和波动，从而提高画面流畅的游戏体验，官方也成为可变刷新率技术(DRR，Dynamic Refresh Rate) ，其是通过可变的刷新频率动态调整显示器的刷新频率与显卡刷新率相匹配的一种技术。众所周知，支持FreeSync的显示器需要AMD的显卡和APU(Accelerated Processing Unit，加速处理器)的协调参与。
由于Freesync技术是通过改变垂直消隐周期（Vblank）来动态调节显示器的刷新频率，而Vblank区间液晶一直处于漏电状态，导致像素电极的电压较低，进而引起显示器在不同刷新频率时的亮度差较大或者显示出现闪烁的问题。
 技术问题
本申请提供一种液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置，解决了可变刷新频率显示在不同刷新频率时的亮度差较大或者显示出现闪烁的问题。
 技术解决方案
第一方面，本申请提供一种液晶显示面板，其包括固定刷新频率模式和可变刷新频率模式；固定刷新频率模式具有一固定刷新频率，响应于固定刷新频率，液晶显示面板提供固定公共电压至第一极板；可变刷新频率模式具有一可变刷新频率，响应于可变刷新频率，液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压至存储电容的第一极板。
基于第一方面，在第一方面的第一种实施方式中，可变刷新频率小于固定刷新频率时，第一公共电压大于固定公共电压。
基于第一方面的第一种实施方式，在第一方面的第二种实施方式中，液晶显示面板还包括时序控制器和电源模块；时序控制器用于根据接入的输入信号输出对应的控制指令；电源模块与时序控制器连接，用于根据控制指令输出第一公共电压。
基于第一方面的第二种实施方式，在第一方面的第三种实施方式中，时序控制器包括控制单元和频率识别单元；频率识别单元的输入端与输入信号连接；控制单元与频率识别单元的输出端和电源模块连接。
基于第一方面的第三种实施方式，在第一方面的第四种实施方式中，输入信号为使能信号。
基于第一方面的第四种实施方式，在第一方面的第五种实施方式中，使能信号包括垂直消隐周期。
基于第一方面的第五种实施方式，在第一方面的第六种实施方式中，固定刷新频率对应一固定垂直消隐周期；可变刷新频率对应一可变垂直消隐周期。
基于第一方面的第六种实施方式，在第一方面的第七种实施方式中，可变刷新频率小于固定刷新频率时，可变垂直消隐周期大于固定垂直消隐周期。
第二方面，本申请提供一种液晶显示面板的驱动方法，其包括：获取并识别液晶显示面板的固定刷新频率模式或者可变刷新频率模式，固定刷新频率模式具有一固定刷新频率，可变刷新频率模式具有一可变刷新频率；响应于固定刷新频率，液晶显示面板提供对应的固定公共电压至存储电容的第一极板；以及响应于可变刷新频率，液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压至第一极板。
第三方面，本申请提供一种显示装置，其包括上述任一实施方式中的液晶显示面板。
 有益效果
本申请提供的液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置，通过在可变刷新频率模式中提供可变的第一公共电压至存储电容的第一极板，可以动态改善或者消除像素电极的电压较低的问题，进而改善或者消除不同刷新频率显示时的亮度差较大或者出现闪烁的问题。
 附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板的结构示意图。
图2为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板采用不同刷新频率时帧画面的对比示意图。
图3为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板采用不同刷新频率模式时对应公共电压的比示意图。
图4为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板中像素驱动电路的结构示意图。
图5为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板采用不同刷新频率时对应公共电压的对比示意图。
图6为本申请实施例提供的液晶显示面板的驱动方法的流程示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本申请进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本实施例提供了一种液晶显示面板，其包括对盒设置的阵列基板、彩膜基板以及位于阵列基板与彩膜基板之间的液晶；其中，阵列基板中设置有第一公共电极层、多条沿第一方向设置的扫描线以及多条沿第二方向设置的数据线，其中，第一方向不同于第二方向，具体地，第一方向可以垂直于第二方向；彩膜基板中设置有第二公共电极层。
请参阅图1至图6，其中，如图1所示，在其中一个实施例中，液晶显示面板还可以包括时序控制器100和电源模块200；时序控制器100根据接收到的前端视频源输出的数据信号Data、控制信号CS以及使能信号DE，输出对应的控制指令至电源模块200，电源模块200根据控制指令输出对应的固定公共电压Vcom或者第一公共电压Acom。
如图1所示，在其中一个实施例中，时序控制器100通过双向二线制同步串行总线I2C与电源模块200连接。可以理解的是，双向二线制同步串行总线I2C比较简单高效，其只需要两根线即可在连接于总线上的器件之间传送信息。主器件用于启动总线传送数据，并产生时钟以开放传送的器件，此时任何被寻址的器件均被认为是从器件。在总线上主和从、发和收的关系不是恒定的，而取决于此时数据传送方向。如果主机要发送数据给从器件，则主机首先寻址从器件，然后主动发送数据至从器件，最后由主机终止数据传送；如果主机要接收从器件的数据，首先由主器件寻址从器件．然后主机接收从器件发送的数据，最后由主机终止接收过程。在这种情况下，主机负责产生定时时钟和终止数据传送。
在其中一个实施例中，电源模块200可以但不限于包括电源管理芯片。
如图2所示，需要进行说明的是，使能信号DE包括垂直消隐周期；该垂直消隐周期被配置为一固定垂直消隐周期Vblank1时，液晶显示面板的刷新频率对应地被配置为固定刷新频率F1；该垂直消隐周期被配置为一可变垂直消隐周期Vblank2时，液晶显示面板的刷新频率对应地被配置为可变刷新频率F2。对于液晶显示面板显示的第N帧画面，即使第N帧画面采用不同的固定刷新频率F1或者可变刷新频率F2，该第N帧画面的垂直显示周期Vactive还是相同的。其中，N可以为整数。
因此，如图2、图3以及图5所示，液晶显示面板可以包括两个交替工作的固定刷新频率模式M1和可变刷新频率模式M2；其中，固定刷新频率模式M1具有一固定刷新频率F1；可变刷新频率模式M2具有一可变刷新频率F2。需要进行说明的是，液晶显示面板工作于固定刷新频率模式M1时，第一公共电压Acom可以与固定公共电压Vcom相等；而液晶显示面板工作于可变刷新频率模式M2，且可变刷新频率F2低于固定刷新频率F1时，第一公共电压Acom高于固定公共电压Vcom。
可以理解的是，如图4所示，上述液晶显示板中还可以包括多个阵列分布的像素驱动电路；每一该像素驱动电路包括写入晶体管T、液晶电容Clc以及存储电容Cst；数据线与写入晶体管T的漏极D/源极S中的一个连接，写入晶体管T的栅极G与扫描线连接，写入晶体管T的漏极D/源极S中的另一个与液晶电容Clc的第一极板和存储电容Cst的第二极板连接；液晶电容Clc的第二极板连接至彩膜基板中的第二公共电极层；存储电容Cst的第一极板连接至阵列基板中的第一公共电极层。其中，数据线用于传输数据信号Data。需要进行说明的是写入晶体管T可以但不限于为P沟道型薄膜晶体管，还可以为N沟道型薄膜晶体管看，可以根据扫面线中传输的扫描信号的类型进行选择。
需要进行说明的是，电源模块200输出一第二公共电压CFcom至第二公共电极层，和输出一固定公共电压Vcom或者第一公共电压Acom至第一公共电极层。其中，第二公共电压CFcom可以但不限于为电源模块200输出的。
如图2、图3、图4以及图5所示，由于液晶显示面板工作于可变垂直消隐周期Vblank2或者固定垂直消隐周期Vblank1时，存储电容Cst一直通过第一公共电极层漏电，尤其是当可变刷新频率F2小于固定刷新频率F1时，可变垂直消隐周期Vblank2大于固定垂直消隐周期Vblank1，加剧了这种漏电情况，进而导致液晶显示面板处于小于固定刷新频率F1的可变刷新频率F2时的亮度较低，形成了对应的亮度差△Lum，严重影响了显示品质以及不利于通过AMD机构的Freesync认证。
可以理解的是，大多数显示器的刷新率被固定为60Hz，但刷新率高的显示器可以达到75、120、144Hz。支持FreeSync的显示器，将与游戏同步刷新，刷新率的上限是其最高刷新率，在必要时会下调刷新率。对于相对简单的3D PC游戏，读者甚至无需使用FreeSync。在玩这一类游戏时，甚至现代集成显卡的刷新率都能轻松超过60帧/秒，软件能利用V-Sync技术使游戏的帧率与显示器刷新率保持同步。
但对于发布时间较短、对图形处理能力要求颇高的游戏，即使是价格颇高的游戏台式机，也只能以每秒40或50帧的帧率渲染游戏，低于每秒60帧的显示器刷新率。这意味着在显示屏刷新一帧画面的过程中会收到显卡传送过来的新画面，因此显示器会显示两帧画面的各一部分，造成画面撕裂。利用AMD的FreeSync，显示器刷新率可以下调或上调，与游戏帧率保持一致，从而避免了画面撕裂现象的出现。
有鉴于此，液晶显示面板响应于可变刷新频率F2而提供可变的第一公共电压Acom至存储电容Cst的第一极板。可以理解的是，通过在可变刷新频率模式M2中提供可变的第一公共电压Acom至存储电容Cst的第一极板，需要进行说明的是，与未进行技术方案改进前连接至存储电容Cst的第一极板的公共电压COM相比，本实施中第一公共电压Acom具有对应增加，可以动态改善或者消除像素电极的电压较低的问题，进而改善或者消除不同刷新频率显示时的亮度差△Lum较大或者出现闪烁的问题。
如图5所示，在其中一个实施例中，响应于固定刷新频率F1，液晶显示面板提供固定公共电压Vcom至第一极板；可变刷新频率F2小于固定刷新频率F1时，第一公共电压Acom大于固定公共电压Vcom。
具体地，如图1所示，时序控制器100还包括控制单元120和频率识别单元110；频率识别单元110的输入端与使能信号DE连接；控制单元120与频率识别单元110的输出端和电源模块200连接。
可以理解的是，频率识别单元110可以根据使能信号DE获取液晶显示面板的当前刷新频率，当前刷新频率与固定刷新频率F1一致时，则液晶显示面板处于固定刷新频率模式M1；当前刷新频率与固定刷新频率F1不一致时，则液晶显示面板处于可变刷新频率模式M2，具体地，当前刷新频率小于固定刷新频率F1时，时序控制器100通过对应的控制指令增加电源模块200输出的第一公共电压Acom。可以理解的是，当前刷新频率越小时，第一公共电压Acom就越大。
如图6所示，在其中一个实施例中，本申请提供一种液晶显示面板的驱动方法，其包括以下步骤：步骤S100：获取并识别液晶显示面板的固定刷新频率模式M1或者可变刷新频率模式M2，固定刷新频率模式M1具有一固定刷新频率F1，可变刷新频率模式M2具有一可变刷新频率F2；步骤S200：响应于固定刷新频率F1，液晶显示面板提供对应的固定公共电压Vcom至存储电容Cst的第一极板；以及步骤S300：响应于可变刷新频率F2，液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压Acom至第一极板。
可以理解的是，本实施例通过在可变刷新频率模式M2中提供可变的第一公共电压Acom至存储电容Cst的第一极板，可以动态改善或者消除像素电极的电压较低的问题，进而改善或者消除不同刷新频率显示时的亮度差较大或者出现闪烁的问题。
在其中一个实施例中，本申请提供一种显示装置，其包括上述任一实施例中的液晶显示面板。
可以理解的是，本实施例通过在可变刷新频率模式M2中提供可变的第一公共电压Acom至存储电容Cst的第一极板，可以动态改善或者消除像素电极的电压较低的问题，进而改善或者消除不同刷新频率显示时的亮度差较大或者出现闪烁的问题。
在其中一个实施例中，本实施例中的显示装置可以但不限于为液晶显示面板，该液晶显示面板还可以被构造为包括偏振膜、玻璃基板、黑色矩阵、彩色滤光片、保护膜、普通电极、校准层、液晶层(液晶、间隔、密封剂)、电容、显示电极、棱镜层、散光层。
偏振膜又称偏光片(Polarizer)，偏光片分为上偏光片和下偏光片，上下两偏光片的偏振功能相互垂直，其作用就像是栅栏一般，按照要求阻隔光波分量，例如阻隔掉与偏光片栅栏垂直的光波分量，而只准许与栅栏平行的光波分量通过。
玻璃基板(Glass Substrate)在液晶显示器中可分为上基板和下基板，其主要作用在于两基板之间的间隔空间夹持液晶材料。玻璃基板的材料一般采用机械性能优良、耐热与耐化学腐蚀的无碱硼硅玻璃。对于TFT-LCD而言，一层玻璃基板分布有TFT，另一层玻璃基板则沉积彩色滤光片。
黑色矩阵(Black Matrix)借助于高度遮光性能的材料，用以分隔彩色滤光片中红、绿、蓝三原色(防止色混淆)、防止漏光，从而有利于提高各个色块的对比度。此外，在TFT-LCD中，黑色矩阵还能遮掩内部电极走线或者薄膜晶体管。
彩色滤光片(Color Filter)又称滤色膜，其作用是产生红、绿、蓝3种基色光，实现液晶显示器的全彩色显示。
取向膜(Alignment Layer)又称配向膜或定向层，其作用是让液晶分子能够在微观尺寸的层面上实现均匀的排列和取向。
透明电极(Transparent Electrode)分为公共电极与像素电极，输入信号电压就是加载在像素电极与公共电极两电极之间。透明电极通常是在玻璃基板上沉积氧化铟锡(ITO)材料构成透明导电层。
液晶材料(Liquid Crystal Material)在LCD中起到一种类似光阀的作用，可以控制透射光的明暗，从而取得信息显示的效果。
驱动IC（Integrated Circuit Chip，芯片）其实就是一套集成电路芯片装置，用来对透明电极上电位信号的相位、峰值、频率等进行调整与控制，建立起驱动电场，最终实现液晶的信息显示。
在液晶面板中，有源矩阵液晶显示屏是在两块玻璃基板之间封入扭曲向列(TN，Twisted Nematic)型液晶材料构成的。其中，接近显示屏的上玻璃基板沉积有红、绿、蓝(RGB)三色彩色滤光片(或称彩色滤色膜)、黑色矩阵和公共透明电极。下玻璃基板(距离显示屏较远的基板)，则安装有薄膜晶体管(TFT)器件、透明像素电极、存储电容、栅线、信号线等。两玻璃基板内侧制备取向膜(或称取向层)，使液晶分子定向排列。两玻璃基板之间灌注液晶材料，散布衬垫(Spacer)，以保证间隙的均匀性。四周借助于封框胶黏结，起到密封作用；借助于点银胶工艺使上下两玻璃基板公共电极连接。
上下两玻璃基板的外侧，分别贴有偏光片(或称偏光膜)。当像素透明电极与公共透明电极之间加上电压时，液晶分子的排列状态会发生改变。此时，入射光透过液晶的强度也随之发生变化。液晶显示器正是根据液晶材料的旋光性，再配合上电场的控制，便能实现信息显示。
LCD产品是一种非主动发光电子器件，本身并不具有发光特性，必须依赖背光模组中光源的发射才能获得显示性能，因此LCD的亮度要由其背光模组来决定。由此可见，背光模组的性能好坏直接影响到液晶面板的显示品质。
背光模组包括照明光源、反射板、导光板、扩散片、增亮膜(棱镜片)及框架等。LCD采用的背光模组主要可分为侧光式背光模组和直射式背光模组两大类。手机、笔记本电脑与监视器(15英寸)主要采用侧光式背光模组，而液晶电视大多采用直射式背光模组光源。背光模组光源，主要以冷阴极荧光灯(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp，CCFL)和发光二极管(LED)光源为LCD的背光源。
反射板(Reflector Sheet)又称反射罩，主要作用是将光源发出的光线完全送入导光板，尽可能地减少无益的耗损。
导光板(Light Guide Plate)主要作用是将侧面光源发出的光线导向面板的正面。
棱镜片(Prism Film)又称增亮膜(Brightness Enhancement Film)，主要作用是将各散射光线通过该膜片层的折射和全反射，集中于一定的角度再从背光源发射出去，起到屏幕增亮的显示效果。
扩散片(Diffuser)主要作用是把背光模组的侧光式光线修正为均匀的面光源，以达到光学扩散的效果。扩散片有上扩散片与下扩散片之分。上扩散片，处于棱镜片与液晶组件之间，更接近于显示面板。而下扩散片处于导光板与棱镜片之间，更接近于背光源。
LCD是一种采用液晶为材料的显示器。液晶是一类介于固态和液态间的有机化合物，在常温条件下，呈现出既有液体的流动性，又有晶体的光学各向异性，加热会变成透明液态，冷却后会变成结晶的混浊固态。
在电场作用下，液晶分子会发生排列上的变化，从而影响入射光束透过液晶产生强度上的变化，这种光强度的变化，进一步通过偏光片的作用表现为明暗的变化。据此，通过对液晶电场的控制可以实现光线的明暗变化，从而达到信息显示的目的。因此，液晶材料的作用类似于一个个小的“光阀”。
由于在液晶材料周边存在控制电路和驱动电路，当LCD中的电极产生电场时，液晶分子就会发生扭曲，从而将穿越其中的光线进行有规则的折射(液晶材料的旋光性)，再经过第二层偏光片的过滤而显示在屏幕上。
值得指出的是，液晶材料因为本身并不发光，所以LCD通常都需要为显示面板配置额外的光源，主要光源系统称之为“背光模组”，其中，背光板是由荧光物质组成，可以发射光线，其作用主要是提供均匀的背光源。
LCD技术是把液晶灌入两个列有细槽的平面之间。这两个平面上的槽互相垂直(相交成90度)。也就是说，若一个平面上的分子南北向排列，则另一平面上的分子东西向排列，而位于两个平面之间的分子被强迫进入一种90度扭转的状态。由于光线顺着分子的排列方向传播，所以光线经过液晶时也被扭转90度。当液晶上加一个电压时，液晶分子便会转动，改变光透过率，从而实现多灰阶显示。
LCD通常由两个相互垂直的偏光片构成。偏光片的作用就像是栅栏一般，按照要求阻隔光波分量。例如阻隔掉与偏光片栅栏垂直的光波分量，而只准许与栅栏平行的光波分量通过。自然光线是朝四面八方随机发散的。两个相互垂直的偏光片，在正常情况下应该阻断所有试图穿透的自然光线。但是，由于两个偏光片之间充满了扭曲液晶，所以在光线穿出第一个偏光片后，会被液晶分子扭转90度，最后从第二个偏光片中穿出。
对于笔记本电脑或者桌面型的LCD，需要采用更加复杂的彩色显示器。
就彩色LCD而言，还需要具备专门处理彩色显示的色彩过滤层，即所谓的“彩色滤光片(Color Filter)”，又称“滤色膜”。在彩色LCD面板中，每一个像素通常都是由3个液晶单元格构成，其中每一个单元格前面都分别有红色、绿色或蓝色(RGB)的三色滤光片。这样，通过不同单元格的光线就可以在屏幕上显示出不同的颜色。
彩色滤光片与黑色矩阵和公共透明电极一般都沉积在显示屏的前玻璃基板上。彩色LCD能在高分辨率环境下创造色彩斑斓的画面。
人类视觉器官(眼睛)对动态影像的感知存在所谓“视觉残留”的现象，即高速运动的画面在人脑中会形成短暂的印象。早期的动画片、电影，一直到当下最新的游戏节目正是应用了“视觉残留”的原理，让一系列渐变的图像在人眼前快速连续显示，便形成动态的影像。
当多幅影像产生的速度超过24帧/s，人的眼睛会感觉到连续的画面。这也是电影每秒24帧播放速度的由来。如果显示速度低于这一标准，人就会明显感到画面的停顿和不适。按照这一指标计算，每张画面显示的时间需要小于40ms。快速活动画面高清晰显示，一般影像的运动速度超过60帧/s。这就是说，活动画面每帧的间隔时间为16.67ms。
如果液晶的响应时间大于画面每帧的间隔时间，人们在观看快速运动的影像时，就会感觉到画面有些模糊。响应时间是LCD的一个特殊指标。LCD的响应时间指的是显示器各像素点对输入信号反应的速度，就是液晶由“暗转亮”或由“亮转暗”的反应时间。此值是越小越好，足够快的响应时间才能保证画面的连贯。如果响应时间太长了，就有可能使LCD在显示动态图像时，有尾影拖曳的感觉。LCD一般的响应时间在2～5ms。
所谓TFT是指液晶面板玻璃基片上的晶体管阵列，让LCD每个像素都设有自身的一个半导体开关。每个像素都可以通过点脉冲控制两片玻璃基板之间的液晶，即通过有源开关来实现对各个像素“点对点”的独立精确控制。因此，像素的每一个节点都是相对独立的，并且可以进行连续控制。
TFT型LCD主要由玻璃基板、栅极、漏极、源极、半导体活性层(a-Si)等组成。
TFT阵列一般与透明像素电极、存储电容、栅线、信号线等，共同沉积在显示屏的后玻璃基板(距离显示屏较远的基板)上。这样一种晶体管阵列的配制，有助于提高液晶显示屏的反应速度，而且还可以控制显示灰度，从而保证LCD的影像色彩更为逼真、画面品质更为赏心悦目。因此，大多数的LCD、液晶电视及部分手机均采用TFT实施驱动，无论是采用窄视角扭曲向列(TN)模式的中小尺寸LCD，还是采用宽视角的平行排列(IPS)等模式的大尺寸液晶电视(LCD-TV)，它们通称为“TFT—LCD”。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本申请的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本申请所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种液晶显示面板，包括：
    固定刷新频率模式，所述固定刷新频率模式具有一固定刷新频率，响应于所述固定刷新频率，所述液晶显示面板提供固定公共电压至存储电容的第一极板；和
    可变刷新频率模式，所述可变刷新频率模式具有一可变刷新频率，响应于所述可变刷新频率，所述液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压至所述第一极板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述可变刷新频率小于所述固定刷新频率时，所述第一公共电压大于所述固定公共电压。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
    时序控制器，用于根据接入的输入信号输出对应的控制指令；和
    电源模块，与所述时序控制器连接，用于根据所述控制指令输出所述第一公共电压。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述时序控制器包括控制单元和频率识别单元；所述频率识别单元的输入端与所述输入信号连接；所述控制单元与所述频率识别单元的输出端和所述电源模块连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述输入信号为使能信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述使能信号包括垂直消隐周期。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述固定刷新频率对应一固定垂直消隐周期；所述可变刷新频率对应一可变垂直消隐周期。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述可变刷新频率小于所述固定刷新频率时，所述可变垂直消隐周期大于所述固定垂直消隐周期。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括多个阵列分布的像素驱动电路，所述像素驱动电路包括所述存储电容。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述像素驱动电路还包括：
    数据线；
    扫描线；以及
    写入晶体管，所述写入晶体管的漏极/源极中的一个与所述数据线连接，所述写入晶体管的栅极与所述扫描线连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述像素驱动电路还包括液晶电容，所述写入晶体管的漏极/源极中的另一个与所述液晶电容的第一极板和所述存储电容的第二极板连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括阵列基板，所述阵列基板包括第一公共电极层，所述存储电容的第一极板与所述第一公共电极层连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括彩膜基板，所述彩膜基板包括第二公共电极层，所述液晶电容的第二极板与所述第二公共电极层连接。
  14. 一种液晶显示面板的驱动方法，包括：
    获取并识别所述液晶显示面板的固定刷新频率模式或者可变刷新频率模式，所述固定刷新频率模式具有一固定刷新频率，所述可变刷新频率模式具有一可变刷新频率；
    响应于所述固定刷新频率，所述液晶显示面板提供对应的固定公共电压至存储电容的第一极板；以及
    响应于所述可变刷新频率，所述液晶显示面板提供可变的第一公共电压至所述第一极板。
  15. 一种显示装置，包括背光模组和如权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的显示装置，其中，所述可变刷新频率小于所述固定刷新频率时，所述第一公共电压大于所述固定公共电压。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
    时序控制器，用于根据接入的输入信号输出对应的控制指令；和
    电源模块，与所述时序控制器连接，用于根据所述控制指令输出所述第一公共电压。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的显示装置，其中，所述时序控制器包括控制单元和频率识别单元；所述频率识别单元的输入端与所述输入信号连接；所述控制单元与所述频率识别单元的输出端和所述电源模块连接。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的显示装置，其中，所述输入信号为使能信号。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的显示装置，其中，所述使能信号包括垂直消隐周期。
PCT/CN2021/096761 2020-12-04 2021-05-28 液晶显示面板、驱动方法及显示装置 WO2022116488A1 (zh)

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