WO2022112071A1 - Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage - Google Patents
Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022112071A1 WO2022112071A1 PCT/EP2021/082009 EP2021082009W WO2022112071A1 WO 2022112071 A1 WO2022112071 A1 WO 2022112071A1 EP 2021082009 W EP2021082009 W EP 2021082009W WO 2022112071 A1 WO2022112071 A1 WO 2022112071A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70075—Homogenization of illumination intensity in the mask plane by using an integrator, e.g. fly's eye lens, facet mirror or glass rod, by using a diffusing optical element or by beam deflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0891—Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/181—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70091—Illumination settings, i.e. intensity distribution in the pupil plane or angular distribution in the field plane; On-axis or off-axis settings, e.g. annular, dipole or quadrupole settings; Partial coherence control, i.e. sigma or numerical aperture [NA]
- G03F7/70116—Off-axis setting using a programmable means, e.g. liquid crystal display [LCD], digital micromirror device [DMD] or pupil facets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70883—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of optical system
- G03F7/70891—Temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0663—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a field facet system for a lithography system and a lithography system with such a field facet system.
- Microlithography is used to produce microstructured components such as integrated circuits.
- the microlithography process is carried out using a lithography system which has a lighting system and a projection system.
- the image of a mask (reticle) illuminated by means of the illumination system is projected by means of the projection system onto a substrate coated with a light-sensitive layer (photoresist) and arranged in the image plane of the projection system, for example a silicon wafer, in order to project the mask structure onto the light-sensitive coating of the to transfer substrate.
- a mask reticle
- photoresist light-sensitive layer
- EUV lithography systems (Engl .: Extreme Ultraviolet, EUV) are currently being developed, which light with a wavelength in the range from 0.1 nm to 30 nm, in particular 13.5 nm, use.
- EUV lithography systems must because of the high absorption of most Ma materials of light of this wavelength reflecting optics, ie mirrors, instead of - as before - refracting optics, ie lenses, are used. These mirrors work either in almost vertical incidence or in grazing incidence (English: Grazing Incidence).
- the illumination system includes a field facet mirror and a pupil facet mirror.
- the field facet mirror and the pupil facet Mirrors can be designed as so-called facet mirrors, such facet mirrors often having several hundred facets each.
- the facets of the field facet mirror are also referred to as "field facets” and the facets of the pupil facet mirror are referred to as "pupil facets”.
- Several pupil facets can be assigned to one field facet. In order to obtain good illumination with a high numerical aperture, it is desirable for one field facet to be switchable between the pupil facets assigned to it.
- the distance between the one field facet and the pupil facet assigned to it is different for each switching position.
- the image on the corresponding pupil facet can be defocused, depending on the switching position.
- This defocusing leads to a limitation in reducing the degree of filling of the pupil.
- the “degree of pupil filling” is to be understood as meaning the ratio of an irradiated area relative to an overall optically effective area of the respective pupil facet.
- DE 10 2017 221 420 A1 describes an EUV lighting system for an EUV lithography system, a lithography system and a method for generating a lighting radiation with an EUV lighting system.
- DE 10 2013 206 981 A1 shows a facet mirror for a projection exposure system and a corresponding projection exposure system and a method for operating the facet mirror or the projection exposure system.
- DE 101 51 919 A describes an optical element with an optical axis and a device for introducing a two-wave or multi-wave deformation into this optical element.
- an object of the present invention is to propose an improved field facet system.
- the field facet system comprises an optical element, the optical element having a base body and an elastically deformable facet section connected to the base body and having a light-reflecting optically effective surface, and a plurality of adjusting elements for deforming the Facet section in order to change a radius of curvature of the optically effective surface, the adjusting elements being operatively connected to the facet section in such a way that a heat-induced deflection of the adjusting elements is decoupled from the facet section in such a way that the radius of curvature is unaffected by the heat-induced deflection of the adjusting elements.
- the field facet system is in particular part of a beam shaping and illumination system of the lithography system.
- the field facet system is part of a facet mirror, in particular a field facet mirror.
- a facet mirror preferably comprises a multiplicity of such field facet systems, which are arranged in cells or in a pattern.
- Each field facet system can be in several different tilt positions be tilted.
- each field facet system can have a further adjustment element that is suitable for tilting the entire field facet system as a unit. This latter control element can be a so-called Lorentz actuator.
- the optical element is preferably a facet, mirror facet or field facet or can be referred to as such.
- the faceted section is in particular rod-shaped or bar-shaped and can have a right-cornered, trapezoidal or any other geometry in cross section.
- the faceted section has, for example, a width, a length and a thickness.
- the length to width ratio is preferably about 10:1.
- the thickness is preferably less than the width.
- a coordinate system with a first spatial direction or c-direction, a second spatial direction or y-direction and a third spatial direction or z-direction is assigned to the field facet system.
- the spatial directions are positioned perpendicular to each other.
- the width is oriented along the c-direction. Therefore, the c-direction can also be referred to as the width direction.
- the length is oriented along the y-direction. Therefore, the y-direction can also be referred to as the longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction.
- the strength is oriented along the z-direction. The z-direction can therefore also be referred to as the strength direction or vertical direction.
- the “length direction” is to be understood in particular as meaning that spatial direction in which the optical element has its greatest geometric extent.
- the optical element is made of a mirror substrate or substrate.
- the substrate can in particular comprise copper, in particular a copper alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, such as in Invar, or another suitable material.
- the optically effective surface is provided on the front side of the facet section, ie facing away from the base body. the optically effective surface can be a mirror surface. The optically effective surface can be produced using a coating applied to the substrate.
- the optically effective surface is suitable for reflecting light, in particular EUV radiation. However, this does not exclude that at least part of the light is absorbed by the facet section, whereby heat is introduced into it.
- the facet section or the optically effective surface has a rectangular geometry when viewed from above, that is to say in a viewing direction perpendicular to the optically effective surface.
- the facet section or the optically effective surface can also be curved in the shape of an arc or a sickle when viewed from above.
- the optically effective surface is preferably curved.
- the optically effective surface is curved in a cylindrical shape.
- the shape of the optically effective surface can also be a torus or an elliptical shape. If a toroidal geometry is provided, it has an apex.
- the optically effective surface preferably includes a first radius of curvature, which indicates a curvature of the optically effective surface in a plane spanned by the y-direction and the z-direction.
- the optically effective surface comprises a second radius of curvature which differs from the first radius of curvature and which indicates a curvature of the optically effective surface in a plane spanned by the c-direction and the z-direction.
- the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are positioned perpendicular to each other.
- the radii of curvature intersect in particular at the apex mentioned above.
- the first radius of curvature is preferably greater than the second radius of curvature. With the help of deforming the facets from the cut, it is especially the first radius of curvature changed.
- the second radius of curvature can also be influenced.
- the control elements can be referred to as actuators or actuators. Before ⁇ preferably at least two adjusting elements are provided. However, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, new, ten or eleven adjusting elements can also be provided. More than eleven control elements are also possible. This means that the number of control elements is fundamentally arbitrary.
- the adjusting elements are preferably so-called travel actuators.
- a "displacement actuator” is to be understood as meaning a control element which, in contrast to a force actuator, does not specify a fixed force but rather a path.
- a “force actuator”, on the other hand, is to be understood as meaning a control element which, in contrast to a displacement actuator, does not specify a fixed displacement but rather a force.
- a piezo element is an example of a displacement actuator.
- An example of a force actuator is a Lorentz actuator as previously mentioned. This means that the actuating elements can be or have piezo elements or piezo stacks. However, the adjusting elements can also be pneumatic or
- a control unit is preferably assigned to the actuating elements, which makes it possible to control, in particular energize, the actuating elements so that they deform the facet section.
- the actuating elements are moved from a non-deflected state to a deflected state with the aid of an energization .
- Any number of intermediate states is provided between the non -deflected state and the deflected state.
- the actuating elements are no longer supplied with current, they preferably automatically return from the deflected state to the non- deflected state.
- the radius of curvature in particular the first radius of curvature , or the radii of curvature can be continuously changed with the aid of the adjusting elements.
- Adjusting elements which are based on piezoceramics such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), namely the piezo elements mentioned above, have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. With homogeneous heating of the optical element, this can lead to a heat-related deflection, for example to a change in length, of the respective actuating element relative to the base body and thus to a parasitic change in the actuating path of the actuating element.
- This heat-related change in the travel or, more generally, the heat-related deflection of the control element can be compensated for with the help of a suitable arrangement, in particular an orientation of its effective direction in relation to the effective direction of the intended deformation, and the design of the effective connection between the control elements and the facets.
- the “deflection” of the actuating element can be understood to mean, for example, a change in length or a curvature of the actuating element.
- the facet section is “elastically deformable” means here that the facet section can be brought from an undeflected or undeformed state to a deflected or deformed state and back. In the undeformed state, the radius of curvature, in particular the first one, can be larger than in the deformed state.
- a bending moment is introduced in the facet section with the aid of the actuating elements. For example, two oppositely oriented bending moments are introduced into two end regions of the facet section. In the following, however, only a bending moment is referred to.
- the facet section As soon as the bending moment is no longer applied to the facet section, it automatically deforms back from the deformed state to the undeformed state. That is, the deformation or deformation of the facets from the cut is reversible.
- the facet section is prestressed in the direction of the non-deformed state, in particular spring-prestressed.
- the optically effective surface can be flat or have a cylindrical curvature.
- connection between the actuating elements and the facet section can be of any design.
- the operative connection is always designed in such a way that the heat-related deflection of the actuating elements, for example when the field facet system is heated homogeneously, causes no or almost no deformation of the facets from the section.
- the fact that the radius of curvature is "unaffected" by the heat-related deflection of the actuating elements means here that the radius of curvature does not change even if there is a heat-related deflection, for example when the actuating elements are shortened or lengthened. This means that the radius of curvature can only be changed by intentionally activating the control elements. An unwanted change in the radius of curvature due to heat-related deflection of the control elements does not occur.
- At least some of the actuating elements are coupled with the facet section using lever arms.
- the field facet system preferably comprises first control elements and second control elements.
- the first actuating elements are coupled to the facet section with the aid of the lever arms.
- the second actuating elements are coupled in particular to the base body.
- the previously mentioned bending moment can be applied to the facets from section.
- forces are applied to the lever arms with the aid of the adjusting elements.
- two oppositely oriented bending moments are applied to the edge or end of the facets from section.
- the lever arms are in particular with the help of connection areas with the facet cut connected.
- a gap is provided between the lever arms and the facet section, which gap is bridged with the aid of the connecting areas. The gap prevents unwanted stiffening of the facets from the cut in the area of the lever arms.
- a first lever arm of the lever arms is connected in an articulated manner to the base body with the aid of a first joint section, which only permits rotational movement of the first lever arm around a first spatial direction, with a second lever arm of the lever arms being connected with the aid of a second joint section which allows a rotational movement of the second lever arm about the first spatial direction, is articulated to the base body.
- the first lever arm and the second lever arm are preferably designed as so-called solid joints.
- a “solid joint” is to be understood here as a region of a component which allows a relative movement between two rigid body regions by bending.
- the two rigid body areas are formed by the base body and the respective lever arm.
- the joint sections are elastically deformable.
- the second joint section can be designed in such a way that it only allows a rotational movement of the second lever arm about the first spatial direction.
- the second joint section can also be designed in such a way that it allows a further movement in addition to the rotational movement of the second lever arm about the first spatial direction.
- the second joint section also allows a translatory movement of the second joint section along a second spatial direction that differs from the first spatial direction, in order to compensate for heat-induced expansion of the facet section along the second spatial direction.
- the working layer to be reflected, in particular E UV radiation falls on the optically effective surface and heats the facet section.
- the facet section has a higher heat input compared to the base body.
- the faceted section expands more than the base body due to the heat.
- This heat-induced expansion of the facet section can be compensated for with the aid of the second joint section.
- the second joint section can deform in an S-shape.
- a “translational” movement is to be understood as meaning a linear movement along a straight line, namely the second spatial direction.
- the first spatial direction and the second spatial direction are in particular oriented perpendicular to one another.
- the actuating elements are linear actuating elements which expand and contract depending on an activation of the same along a third spatial direction which is different from the first spatial direction and the second spatial direction.
- a “linear adjusting element” is to be understood below as an adjusting element which can expand and contract along its main extension direction, in this case the third spatial direction.
- the adjusting elements are arranged in such a way that the expansion and contraction of the same takes place perpendicularly to the optically effective surface.
- the third spatial direction is thus oriented perpendicularly to the facet section or to the optically effective surface.
- Driving may include energizing. For example, the deflection of the actuating element increases with an increasing voltage that is applied to the respective actuating element.
- the actuating elements are linear actuating elements, which move along the same depending on an actuation expand and contract in a second spatial direction that differs from the first spatial direction.
- the adjusting elements are arranged in such a way that the expansion and contraction takes place parallel to the optically effective surface or parallel to the second spatial direction. In this way, a reduction in installation space can be achieved. This means that the field facet system can be made more compact when viewed along the third spatial direction.
- the adjusting elements are shearing adjusting elements which, depending on activation of the same, bend in a plane spanned by the second spatial direction and the third spatial direction.
- the adjusting elements designed as shearing adjusting elements do not expand and shorten in comparison to the adjusting elements designed as linear adjusting elements, but rather bend.
- this curvature is variable as a function of the actuation of the actuating element, for example as a function of an applied voltage.
- the actuating elements are coupled to the lever arms with the aid of decoupling joints that are flexible along the second spatial direction.
- each decoupling joint can comprise two leaf springs connected to one another at the ends, one of the leaf springs countries is coupled with the respective actuator and the other leaf spring with the respective lever arm.
- the adjusting elements are preferably designed as linear adjusting elements.
- the fact that the actuating elements are arranged "parallel" to one another means in the present case that the actuating elements of a pair of actuating elements are placed next to one another and the effective directions of the two actuating elements run parallel to one another.
- the actuating elements of a pair of actuating elements are coupled to one another, for example, with the aid of a connecting element.
- the connecting element can be in the form of a rod.
- the connecting element is preferably made of the same material as the base body.
- the first actuating elements are coupled to the facet section with the aid of the lever arms, with the second actuating elements being coupled to the base body with the aid of arm sections.
- the first adjusting elements are connected to the lever arms.
- the second adjusting elements are connected to the arm sections, the first adjusting elements and the second adjusting elements being combined in pairs and connected to one another by means of the aforementioned connecting element.
- the adjusting elements are arranged within the base body.
- the field facet system also includes temperature sensors, which are used to detect a temperature of the base body, the facet from section and/or the adjusting elements, and/or the field facet system also includes displacement sensors, which are used to detect a deformation of the facet from section .
- the temperature sensors can, for example, be provided in or on the base body, in or on the facet section and in or on the actuating elements. Non-uniform heating of the field facet system can be detected with the aid of the temperature sensors. According to this temperature distribution, the control elements can be controlled with the help of a correction sign and correct this uneven heating of the field facet system.
- the actuating elements are piezo actuators.
- the actuating elements can be linear piezo actuators or shear piezo actuators. Any other type of adjusting elements can also be used.
- shape memory alloys, pneumatic or hydraulic actuating elements, servomotors or the like can be used as actuating elements.
- the facet section is curved in an arc when viewed from above onto the optically effective surface, the stiffness of the facet section viewed along a longitudinal direction of the facet section being variable such that a surface perpendicular to the optically effective surface oriented normal vector when a bending moment is introduced into the facets, the section is exclusively tilted around one spatial direction.
- the view from above is understood to mean a viewing direction perpendicular to the optically effective surface.
- “stiffness” is to be understood in particular as the resistance of the facets from the section or, in general, of a body to elastic deformation by a force or a moment.
- the "stiffness” is to be understood as meaning the torsional stiffness of the facet section, ie the stiffness against a torsional moment torsion or twisting the facet section.
- the rigidity of a component depends on the one hand on the elastic properties of the material, such as the modulus of elasticity, and on the other hand on the geometry of the deformed component.
- the modulus of elasticity of the facet section is variable when viewed along the longitudinal direction.
- the torsional resistance moment is a measure of the resistance a beam offers to the creation of internal stresses under load.
- the torsional resistance moment can be influenced by a geometry of the cross section. For example, the torsional section modulus can decrease starting from the end regions of the facet section in the direction of the plane of symmetry.
- the cross section facing the optically effective surface has a first width and the optically effective surface surface facing away from a second width, wherein the first width is greater than the second width.
- the cross section tapers from the optically effective area.
- the facets section has, in particular, a top side on which the optically effective surface is provided and a bottom side.
- the top has the first width.
- the bottom has the second width.
- the cross section has a height which is variable when viewed along the longitudinal direction.
- the height is oriented in particular along the third spatial direction. For example, the height decreases starting from the end areas of the facet section towards the plane of symmetry.
- the facet section comprises a first end area and a second end area, the facet section being constructed mirror-symmetrically to a plane of symmetry arranged centrally between the first end area and the second end area.
- the mirror symmetry refers to the geometric structure, i.e. the dimensions, of the facets from the cut. However, the mirror symmetry relates also on the rigidity of the facets starting cut. For example, the facet section has identical rigidities on both sides of the plane of symmetry at a predetermined distance from its plane of symmetry.
- the cross section in the plane of symmetry is smallest.
- a cross-sectional area of the cross section in the plane of symmetry is smallest.
- the cross section increases starting from the plane of symmetry in the direction of the first end area and in the direction of the second end area.
- cross-sectional area of the cross section is larger at the end regions than in the plane of symmetry.
- the lithography system can have a large number of such field facet systems.
- the lithography system can be an EUV lithography system or a DUV lithography system.
- EUV stands for "Extreme Ultraviolet” and denotes a wavelength of the working light between 0.1 nm and 30 nm.
- DUV stands for "Deep Ultraviolet” and denotes a wavelength of the working light between 30 nm and 250 nm.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an EUV lithography system
- FIG. 1B shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a DUV lithography system
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a pupil facet of a pupil facet mirror for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a pupil facet of a pupil facet mirror for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 17 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system for the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- FIG. 18 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a facet section for an optical system of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Figure 22 shows a schematic plan view of the facet ab section of Figure 21
- Fig. 23 shows a schematic sectional view of the facet ab section according to section line A ⁇ of Fig. 21;
- Fig. 24 shows another schematic sectional view of the facet ab section according to section line B-B of Fig. 21;
- FIG. 25 shows a schematic plan view of another embodiment of a facet section for an optical system of the optical arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Fig. 26 shows a schematic sectional view of the facet ab section according to section line OC of Fig. 25;
- Figure 27 shows another schematic sectional view of the facet cut along line D-D of Figure 25;
- Fig. 28 shows another schematic sectional view of the facet cut along line E-E of Fig. 25;
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing error progression of a normal vector over the length of the facet ab section of FIG. 21.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic view of an EUV lithography system 100A, which includes a beam shaping and illumination system 102 and a projection system 104 ⁇ .
- EUV stands for "extreme ultraviolet” (English: Extreme Ultraviolet, EUV) and denotes a wavelength of the working wavelength between ⁇ rule 0.1 nm and 30 nm.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and the projection system 104 are each in one vacuum housing, not shown, is provided, with each vacuum housing being evacuated using an evacuation device , not shown.
- the vacuum housings are surrounded by a machine room, not shown, in which drive devices are provided for mechanically moving or adjusting optical elements. Furthermore, electrical controls and the like can also be provided in this machine room.
- the EUV lithography system 100A has an EUV light source 106A.
- a plasma source (or a synchrotron) can be provided as the EUV light source 106A , for example, which emits radiation 108A in the EUV range (extremely ultraviolet range), ie for example in the wavelength range from 5 nm to 20 nm.
- the EUV radiation 108A is bundled in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and the desired operating wavelength is filtered out of the EUV radiation 108A.
- the EUV radiation 108A generated by the EUV light source 106A has a relatively low transmissivity through air, which is why the beam guidance spaces in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 and in the projection system 104 are evacuated.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 shown in FIG. 1A has five mirrors 110,112,114,116,118. After passing through the beam-shaping and illumination system 102, the EUV radiation 108A is directed onto a photomask (Reticle) 120.
- the photomask 120 is also designed as a reflective optical element and can be used outside of the systems 102, 104 can be arranged. Furthermore, the EUV radiation 108A can be directed onto the photomask 120 by means of a mirror 122 .
- the photomask 120 has a structure which is imaged on a wafer 124 or the like in reduced form by means of the projection system 104 .
- the projection system 104 (also referred to as a projection objective) has six mirrors M1 to M6 for imaging the photomask 120 onto the wafer 124.
- individual mirrors M1 to M6 of the projection system 104 can be arranged symmetrically with respect to an optical axis 126 of the projection system 104.
- the number of mirrors M1 to M6 of the EUV lithography system 100A is not limited to the number shown. More or fewer mirrors M1 to M6 can also be provided.
- the mirrors M1 to M6 are generally curved on their front side for beam formation.
- Fig. 1B shows a schematic view of a DUV lithography system 100B, which includes a beam shaping and illumination system 102 and a projection system 104 ⁇ .
- DUV stands for "deep ultraviolet” (Engl .: Deep Ultraviolet, DUV) and denotes a wavelength of the working light between 30 nm and 250 nm 1A described - be surrounded by a machine room with appropriate drive devices.
- the DUV lithography system 100B has a DUV light source 106B.
- An ArF excimer laser for example, can be provided as the DUV light source 106B, which emits radiation 108B in the DUV range at, for example, 193 nm.
- the beam shaping and illumination system 102 shown in FIG. 1B guides the DUV radiation 108B onto a photomask 120.
- the photomask 120 is designed as a transmissive optical element and can be arranged outside of the systems 102, 104.
- the photomask 120 has a structure which is reduced by means of the projection system 104 to a wafer 124 or the like ⁇ Chen from formed.
- the projection system 104 has a plurality of lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 for imaging the photomask 120 onto the wafer 124 .
- individual lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 of the projection system 104 can be arranged symmetrically to an optical axis 126 of the projection system 104 .
- the number of lenses 128 and mirrors 130 of the DUV lithography tool 100B is not limited to the number illustrated. More or fewer lenses 128 and/or mirrors 130 can also be provided.
- the mirrors 130 are typically curved on their front side for beam shaping.
- An air gap between the last lens 128 and the wafer 124 can be replaced by a liquid medium 132 having a refractive index>1.
- the liquid medium 132 can be, for example, ultrapure water.
- Such a structure is also referred to as immersion lithography and has an increased photolithographic resolution.
- the medium 132 can also be referred to as an immersion liquid.
- the optical arrangement 200 is a beam shaping and lighting system 102 , in particular a beam shaping and lighting system 102 of an EUV lithography system 100A.
- the optical arrangement 200 can therefore also be referred to as a beam shaping and illumination system and the beam shaping and illumination system 102 can be referred to as an optical arrangement.
- the op- Table arrangement 200 may precede a projection system 104 as discussed above.
- the optical arrangement 200 can also be part of a DUV lithography system 100B. However, it is assumed below that the optical arrangement 200 is part of an EUV lithography system 100A.
- FIG. 2 also shows an EUV light source 106A , as explained above, which emits EUV radiation 108A , and a photomask 120.
- the EUV light source 106A can be part of the optical arrangement 200 .
- the optical arrangement 200 includes a plurality of mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208. Furthermore, an optional deflection mirror 210 can be provided. The deflection mirror 210 is operated with grazing incidence and can therefore also be referred to as a grazing incidence mirror. Folding mirror 210 may correspond to mirror 122 shown in Figure 1A. Mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 may correspond to mirrors 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 shown in Figure 1A. In particular, mirror 202 corresponds to mirror 110, and mirror 204 corresponds to mirror 112.
- the mirror 202 is what is known as a facet mirror, in particular a field facet mirror, of the optical arrangement 200.
- the mirror 204 is also a facet mirror, in particular a pupil facet mirror, of the optical arrangement 200.
- the mirror 202 reflects the EUV radiation 108A to the mirror 204.
- At least one of the mirrors 206, 208 can be a condenser mirror of the optical arrangement 200.
- the number of mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 is arbitrary. For example, as shown in FIG . 1A, five mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208, namely the mirrors 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, or, as shown in FIG.
- mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208 can be provided.
- at least three are preferred Mirrors 202, 204, 206, 208, namely a field facet mirror, a pupil facet ⁇ tenaptapt, and a condenser mirror are provided.
- the EUV light source 106A emits EUV radiation 108A.
- a tin plasma can be generated .
- a tin body for example a tin ball or a tin droplet, can be bombarded with a laser pulse.
- the tin plasma emits EUV radiation 108A, which is collected using a collector, for example an ellipsoidal mirror, of the EUV light source 106A and sent in the direction of the optical arrangement 200 .
- the collector bundles the EUV radiation 108A in an intermediate focus 214.
- the intermediate focus 214 can also be referred to as an intermediate focal plane or is located in an intermediate focal plane.
- the EUV radiation 108A is reflected as it passes through the optical arrangement 200 by each of the mirrors 202 , 204 , 206 , 208 and the deflection mirror 210 .
- a beam path of the EUV radiation 108A is denoted by reference number 216 .
- the photomask 120 is in an object plane 218 of the optical Arrangement 200 arranged.
- An object field 220 is positioned in the object plane 218 .
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view of an embodiment of a mirror 202 as explained above, which is designed as a facet mirror, in particular as a field facet mirror.
- the facet mirror or field facet mirror is therefore denoted by reference number 202 in the following.
- the field facet mirror 202 comprises a multiplicity of lamellae or facets 222 which are arranged in cells.
- the facets 222 are in particular field facets and are also referred to as such below.
- the field facets 222 may be curved in an arc or crescent shape.
- the field facets 222 can also be polygonal, for example square.
- the field facets 222 can also each have an elongated, rectangular geometry. Only a small number of field facets 222 are shown in FIG. 3 .
- the field facet mirror 202 can have several hundred to several thousand field facets 222 .
- Each field facet 222 can be tilted on its own.
- each field facet 222 can be assigned an actuating element or an actuator.
- the actuator can be a so-called Lorentz actuator.
- optically effective surface 226 of the field facet 222A is provided with a reference sign.
- the field facets 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F also have such optically effective surfaces 226.
- the optically effective surface 226 can be referred to as a field facet surface.
- the field facet 222 C can be tilted between a plurality of positions or tilt positions PI, P2, P3 with the aid of an actuator (not shown), for example with the aid of a Lorentz actuator.
- a first tilt position PI the field facet 222C images the intermediate focus 214 onto the pupil facet 230C with an imaging light beam 234A (shown in dashed lines).
- a second tilt position P2 the field facet 222C images the intermediate focus 214 with an imaging light beam 234B (shown in solid lines) onto the pupil facet 230D.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show further representations of the optical arrangement 200 according to FIG. 4.
- the EUV light source 106A, the intermediate focus 214, the field facet 222C and the pupil facet 230D are shown in the representation shown in a line. In fact, however, they are arranged as shown in FIG. 2, ie at specific angles to one another.
- 5 shows the field facet 222C in its tilted position P2, a curvature of the optically effective surface 226 not being changed and in particular not being adapted to the tilted position P2.
- the EUV light source 106A comprises a plasma source 236 for generating the EUV radiation 108A and a collector 238 for focusing the EUV radiation 108A.
- the intermediate focus 214 and the pupil facet 230D are round.
- the pupil facet 230D can also be hexagonal.
- the ratio of the irradiated area relative to the total optically effective area 232 of the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F of the pupil facet mirror 204 is called " degree of pupil filling". Small unfilled areas, in particular areas that are smaller than the area of a pupil facet, within an otherwise filled area are usually taken into account when calculating the degree of filling of the pupil.
- FIG. 7 shows a top view of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D.
- the optically effective surface 232 is essentially round or hexagonal.
- the pupil facet 230D is also preferably round or hexagonal.
- the surface 242 of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D, which is irradiated by the imaging light beam 234B, corresponds approximately to the optically effective surface 232 itself in terms of its extent. The irradiated surface 242 thus covers almost the entire optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D.
- FIG. 6 shows the field facet 222C in the tilted position P2 after changing the curvature of the optically effective surface 226.
- the curvature of the optically effective surface 226 was changed in such a way that the stand a between the optically effective surface 232 and the imaging surface 240 is reduced.
- the distance a is zero, so that the optically effective surface 232 and the imaging surface 240 lie on top of one another.
- the imaging of the intermediate focus 214 with the imaging light bundle 234B on the pupil facet 230D is perfectly focused in FIG. 6 and the irradiated area 242 is its extensions - as shown in Fig. 8 - compared to the irradiated area 242 in Fig. 7 German reduced.
- FIG. 8 shows a further top view of the optically effective surface 232 of the pupil facet 230D. As shown in FIG. 8, the irradiated area 242 is significantly reduced compared to the irradiated area 242 shown in FIG. 7 before the change in the curvature of the optically effective area 226 of the field facet 222C.
- FIG. 9 in a further top view, there is the possibility of reducing the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F and packing them more densely. As a result, the resolution of the EUV lithography system 100A can be increased.
- the reduced optically effective area 232 of the pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F is round or hexagonal.
- the irradiated area 242 shown hatched is identical in terms of its dimensions to that in FIG. 8, but fills out a large part of the optically effective area 232 of the pupil facet 230D shown in FIG. 9.
- the optimization of the curvature of the optically effective surface 226 of the field facet 222C thus enables a reduction in the size of the pupil facet 230D.
- optical system 300A shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an optical system 300A.
- the optical system 300A is part of an optical arrangement 200 as explained above.
- the optical arrangement 200 can comprise a multiplicity of such optical systems 300A.
- the optical system 300A is in particular also part of a field facet mirror 202 as explained above.
- the optical system 300A is a field facet 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F as explained above.
- the optical system 300A can therefore also be referred to as a field facet, field facet system or field facet device.
- the optical system 300A is a field facet system.
- the field facet system is referred to as optical system 300A.
- a coordinate system with a first spatial direction or c-direction x, a second spatial direction or y-direction y and a third spatial direction or z-direction z is assigned to the optical system 300A.
- the spatial directions x, y, z are positioned perpendicular to one another.
- the c-direction x can also be referred to as the width direction.
- the y-direction y can also be referred to as the longitudinal direction or longitudinal direction.
- the z-direction z can also be referred to as vertical direction or thickness direction.
- One piece or “in one piece” means that the base body 304 and the faceted section 306 form a common component and are not composed of different components.
- “One-piece material” means that the base body 304 and the facet section 306 are made of the same material throughout.
- the optical element 302 is exposed to the EUV radiation 108A, which causes a significant input of energy, in particular into the facet section 306 .
- facet temperatures of up to 80° C. can occur at a system temperature of 22° C.
- the optical element 302, in particular the facet section 306, heats up during operation by up to 60 K compared to the inactive system.
- the increase in temperature of the optical element 302 leads to an expansion of the base body 304 and the facet section 306 including an optically active layer which forms the optically active surface 308 . Adjusting elements or actuators for deforming the facet section 306 will therefore also be exposed to a temperature change.
- the resulting travel error can be 30% to 40%, in particular 32% to 38%, in particular 33% to 37%, in particular 35%, of the nominal travel. From this example above it is evident that passive temperature compensation as much as possible is very desirable.
- the facets section 306 has two lever arms 312, 314, which are connected via connecting regions 316, 318 to the facets section 306 in one piece, in particular in one piece of material.
- the gap 310 extends between the facet section 306 and the lever arms 312, 314.
- the connecting regions 316, 318 each represent a cross-sectional constriction provided between the facet section 306 and the lever arms 312, 314.
- the first joint section 320 enables a movement of the facet section 306 only about an axis arranged parallel to the c-direction x.
- the second joint section 322 also enables a movement of the facet section 306 about an axis parallel to the c-direction x.
- the second joint section 322--unlike the first joint section 320-- also allows a movement parallel to the y-direction y or along the y-direction y.
- the second joint section 322 is designed to be flexible forms.
- the second joint section 322 can be brought from a non-deflected state shown in FIG. 10 into a deflected state (not shown) in which the second joint section 322 is deflected in an S-shape.
- constraining forces which act on the facet section 306 along the y-direction y due to heat-induced expansion of the facet from section 306 can be compensated for.
- These constraining forces along the y-direction y could act in the z-direction z from section 306 without compensating for a curvature of the facets and thus in the direction of the intended change in curvature.
- the base body 304 includes arm sections 324, 326.
- the arm section 324 is associated with the lever arm 312.
- a gap 328 is provided between arm portion 324 and lever arm 312 .
- the arm portion 326 is associated with the lever arm 314 .
- a gap 330 is provided between arm portion 326 and lever arm 314 .
- the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 are arranged in pairs.
- the adjusting elements 332, 334 form a first pair of adjusting elements 348, which is assigned to the first joint section 320
- the adjusting elements 336, 338 form a second pair of adjusting elements 350, which is assigned to the second joint section 322.
- Each adjusting element pair 348, 350 is assigned a connecting element 352, 354 arranges.
- a first connecting element 352 connects the actuating elements 332, 334 of the first pair of actuating elements 348 to one another.
- a second connecting element 354 connects the actuating elements 336, 338 of the second pair of actuating elements 350 to one another.
- the first pair of actuating elements 348 and the first connecting element 352 are in a first recess 356 of the base body 304 taken.
- the second pair of actuating elements 350 and the second connecting element 354 are received in a second recess 358 of the base body 304 .
- the recesses 356, 358 communicate with the gap 310 via the gaps 328, 330.
- the optical system 300A has temperature sensors 360, 362, 364, 366, which can be placed in corresponding recesses in the base body 304. Furthermore, the optical system 300A can have distance measuring sensors 368, 370, with the aid of which a deformation of the facet from the cut 306 can be detected.
- the functionality of the optical system 300A is explained below.
- the facets from section 306 is connected to the base body 304 via the lever arms 312, 314 arranged at both ends of the facets from section 306, the pairs of actuators 348, 350 and the respective connecting element 352, 354.
- the facet section 306 is also connected to the base body 304 via the joint sections 320, 322.
- the actuating element 332 is pulled downwards in the orientation of FIG. 10, ie counter to the z-direction z.
- the actuating element 332 is controlled at the same time in such a way that it is shortened along the z-direction z.
- This causes the lever arm 312 to also pulled down in the orientation of FIG.
- a bending moment B1 oriented in the clockwise direction acts on the facets from section 306 .
- the bending moment B1 acts about an axis arranged parallel to the z-direction z.
- the two adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 of each adjusting element pair 348, 350 experience a shortening due to their negative coefficient of thermal expansion.
- this shortening only causes a displacement of the respective connec tion element 352, 354 in the orientation of FIG. 10 upwards, ie along the z-direction z.
- the connecting elements 352, 354 are not connected to the base body 304, there is also no force on the respective lever arm 312, 314.
- the heat-related shrinkage of the actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338 there is no deformation of the facet section 306 instead of.
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 are heated inhomogeneously, a higher temperature of the facet section 306 compared to the base body 304 leads to a constraining force acting horizontally, ie along the y-direction y, on the facet section 306.
- the facet section 306 is not planar, but typically has a machined radius of curvature on its top and bottom.
- the consequence of the horizontally acting constraining force is a downward buckling of the facet from section 306 in the orientation of FIG the optical imaging relevant radius of curvature Kl, K2 can lead. This bulging can be prevented in particular with the help of the flexible second joint section 322, since this allows compensation for lengthening of the facet section 306.
- Both joint sections 320, 322 are designed in such a way that they permit the lowest possible rigidity for a rotation about an axis parallel to the c-direction x.
- the first joint section 320 is designed in such a way that it has the highest possible rigidity for forces in the horizontal direction, ie along the y-direction y.
- the second joint section 322, on the other hand, is significantly longer in the vertical direction, i.e. along the z-direction z, than the first joint section 320, so that the second joint section 322 has a lower rigidity than the first joint section 320 in the horizontal direction.
- the difference in length between the facets from section 306 and the base body 304 is compensated for by an S-shaped deformation of the second joint section 322.
- the horizontal constraining force and thus the buckling of the facet from section 306 is significantly reduced.
- the heat input into the optical system 300A takes place primarily via the facet section 306, the heat dissipation via a foot of the base body 304. Therefore, an inhomogeneous temperature distribution will occur in the optical system 300A.
- the temperature compensation described above may only be partially effective. For this reason it is advantageous to record the temperature distribution in the optical system 300A via the temperature sensors 340, 342, 344, 346, 360, 362, 364, 366, and from this via an external control unit 372 a deformation state of the optical system 300A to detect, to calculate a corresponding correction signal and to apply this to the actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338.
- the temperature sensors 340, 342, 344, 346, 360, 362, 364, 366 preferably detect the temperature of each individual actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 and the temperature of the areas of the base body 304 and the lever arms 312, 314 that are relevant to the disruptive effect
- Embodiments of the temperature sensors 340, 342, 344, 346, 360, 362, 364, 366 can be NTO sensors (Negative Temperature Coefficient, NTC), thermocouples, platinum sensors or thermopiles. Thermopiles allow the sensing element to be placed in the body 304 with a non-contact temperature measurement of the facet section 306.
- the actual deformation of the facet section 306 can be detected with the aid of the displacement sensors 368, 370 and a correction signal for the actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338 can be calculated therefrom via the external control unit 372.
- the advantage of this procedure is that further errors, such as hysteresis in actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338, mechanical drift effects and creep effects in actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338, connecting elements 352, 354, or electrical drift in control unit 372 can be detected and compensated for.
- the arrangement of at least two displacement sensors 368, 370 at the same distance from an outer edge of the facet from section 306 is advantageous. Furthermore, the choice of a position measuring system that is as insensitive as possible to temperature changes is advantageous. The distance can be measured either directly by changing the distance between the facets from section 306 and the base body 304 or by stretching the facets from section 306 or the lever arms 312, 314.
- direct distance measurement sensors 368, 370 can be capacitive or inductive sensors due to the severely limited installation space be. With regard to the lowest possible temperature sensitivity, the use of confocal optical sensors is advantageous. With regard to an error compensation that is as complete as possible, the operation of the actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338 in a closed control loop, taking into account the correction signals from displacement and temperature measurement, is advantageous.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300B.
- the construction and functionality of the optical system 300B essentially corresponds to that of the optical system 300A. In the following, only differences between the optical systems 300A, 300B will be discussed.
- the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 are not placed vertically, but horizontally, in order to have to take up less installation space in the vertical direction.
- the lever arms 312, 314 are provided on the side of the facets from section 306.
- the lever arms 312, 314 are connected to the base body 304, in particular to the arm sections 324, 326, and to coupling sections 378, 380 by means of joint sections 320, 322, 374, 376.
- the adjusting elements 332 , 336 are attached to the coupling sections 378 , 380 .
- the joint sections 320, 322, 374, 376 are preferably designed as solid joints.
- the function of the previously explained length compensation of the facets from section 306 in the horizontal direction is not given in this exemplary embodiment of the optical system 300B and is not kinematically possible.
- the arrangement of the temperature sensors 340, 342, 344, 346, 360, 362, 364, 366 and the path measuring ⁇ sensors 368, 370 is analogous to the optical system 300A according to FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300C.
- the structure and functionality of the optical system tems 300C essentially corresponds to that of the optical system 300A. Only the differences between the optical systems 300A, 300C are discussed below.
- the optical system 300C does not include any vertically arranged pairs of adjusting elements 348, 350, but instead individual adjusting elements 332, 336, which are arranged horizontally rather than vertically.
- the adjusting elements 332, 336 are designed as shear adjusting elements, in particular as shear piezo actuators. This means that the adjusting elements 332, 336 do not change their length when energized, but are suitable for bending, as indicated in FIG. 12 with the aid of arrows.
- the facet portion 306 is coupled to the body 304 via lever arms 312, 314 and hinge portions 320, 322 as previously mentioned.
- the second joint section 322 enables the compensation of a heat-induced change in length of the facet section 306, as explained with reference to the optical system 300A. This means that if the facets from section 306 and the base body 304 expand differently, the difference in length is also here represented by an S -shaped deformation of the second joint portion 322 compensated.
- the adjusting elements 332, 336 are operatively connected to the lever arms 312, 314 via decoupling joints 382, 384.
- Each decoupling joint 382, 384 comprises two leaf springs connected to one another, which are flexible in the horizontal direction, ie along the y-direction y, and thus cannot transmit any or almost any forces along the y-direction y. However, a force transmission is possible in the vertical direction, ie along the z-direction z, in order to deform the facet section 306 .
- the decoupling hinges 382, 384 also provide thermal decoupling. Therefore, the decoupling joints 382, 384 can also be referred to as thermal decoupling.
- shear piezo actuators is advantageous for compensating for travel errors in the case of a homogeneous temperature change of all components of the optical system 300C.
- the thermal expansion occurs perpendicularly to its effective plane. Effective movement and parasitic movement can therefore be decoupled from one another.
- the actuating element 332 which is arranged on the left side in the orientation of FIG down, that is against the z-direction z, experiences.
- This movement is transmitted to the lever arm 312 as a downward force via the decoupling joint 382 .
- the lever arm 312 is also pulled downwards and causes the bending moment Bl, which is oriented clockwise as previously explained, on the facets section 306 .
- actuating element 336 is actuated synchronously, this causes a cylindrical deformation of facet section 306 over the entire length of facet section 306 on the right-hand side in the orientation of Fig. 12.
- the two adjusting elements 332, 336 shorten due to their negative thermal expansion coefficient. However, this takes place perpendicularly to the direction of action of the corresponding actuating element 332, 336, ie along the y-direction y.
- the decoupling joints 382, 384 are provided, no force is produced which acts on the lever arms 312, 314. In this way, no deformation of the facet section 306 takes place either. Therefore, the optical system 300C is also insensitive to temperature changes.
- the optical system 300C it is also advantageous for the optical system 300C to record the temperature distribution in the optical system 300C with the aid of a plurality of temperature sensors 340, 344, 360, 362, from which the deformation state of the facets from section 306 can be determined via an external control unit 372, as explained above detect, to calculate a corresponding correction signal and to apply this to the adjusting elements 332, 336.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300D.
- the structure and the functionality of the optical system 300D essentially corresponds to that of the optical system 300C. Only the differences between the optical systems 300C, 300D will be discussed below.
- the adjusting elements 332, 336 are not arranged horizontally but vertically in the optical system 300D.
- the adjusting elements 332, 336 are designed as shear adjusting elements, in particular as shear piezo actuators.
- the actuating elements 332, 336 are operatively connected to the lever arms 312, 314 with the aid of coupling sections 378, 380. Before given to allow the coupling sections 378, 380 force transmission only in the horizontal direction, that is, along the y-direction y.
- the function of the previously explained length compensation of the facets from section 306 in the horizontal direction is not given in this exemplary embodiment of the optical system 300D and is not kinematically possible.
- the temperature sensors 340, 344, 360, 362 and the displacement sensors 368, 370 are arranged analogously to the optical system 300C.
- 10 to 13 show embodiments of the optical system 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D, in which the curvature of the facets from section 306 and thus of the optically effective surface 308 advantageously has a curvature over the length of the facet tenabitess 306 constant radius of curvature can be adjusted.
- the kinematic arrangement is optimized such that a deviation from a target value of the radius of curvature K1, K2 over the length of the facet section 306 is as small as possible.
- a bending moment B1, B2 of the same size, but opposite in its direction of rotation is introduced.
- the optical system 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D it can be advantageous to set different radii of curvature independent of one another for different length sections of the facet section 306 .
- This can be necessary, for example, in order to be able to compensate for inaccuracies or errors in the production of the optically effective surface 308 .
- the facets from section 306 is made comparatively thin.
- the forces acting on the facet section 306 during the polishing process can result in a deformation of the facet section 306, which affects the accuracy of the polishing process. This can lead to a wavy deviation between a cylindrical or toroidal target contour and an actually generated actual contour.
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300E. Only the differences between the optical systems 300A, 300E are discussed below.
- the optical system 300E comprises adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 which, in contrast to the optical system 300A, are designed as shear adjusting elements, in particular as shear piezo actuators. In the orientation of FIG. 14, these adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 can curve upwards and downwards, as indicated by an arrow.
- the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 are arranged next to one another or one behind the other, viewed along the y-direction y.
- Each actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 is assigned a lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392.
- Each lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392 is, as shown by the lever arm 386, by means of two joint sections 394, 396 on the one hand with the base body 304 and on the other hand with the facets from section 306 connected.
- the Ge steering sections 394, 396 are each provided at the end of the respective lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392.
- the joint sections 394, 396 are solid state joints ke.
- the actuating elements 332, 334, 336, 338 are operatively connected to the lever arms 386, 388, 390, 392 via decoupling joints 398, 400, 402, 404.
- the function of the decoupling joints 398, 400, 402, 404 corresponds to that of the decoupling joints 382, 384 previously explained.
- optical system 300E By deflecting an actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 in the orientation of FIG. 14, for example downwards, an increased tensile force is exerted downwards on the facet section 306 via the respective lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392. This is via the joint sections 320, 322 to the base body 304 is supported.
- the force that can be set via the respective actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 causes a change in the curvature of the facet from cut 306.
- each actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 is assigned a displacement sensor 406, 408, 410, 412 for determining the local deformation.
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300F. Only the differences between the optical systems 300E, 300F are discussed below.
- the optical system 300F includes adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338, which are not designed as shearing adjusting elements but as linear adjusting elements. This means that the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 can shorten and lengthen along their longitudinal direction, ie along the y-direction y.
- each actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 is assigned a lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392, which is connected to the base body 304 by means of a joint section 394 and to the facets by means of a joint section 396 section 306 is operatively connected.
- the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 can exert a tensile or compressive force on the lever arms 386, 388, 390, 392.
- the change in length of the respective actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 is converted via the corresponding lever arm 386, 388, 390, 392 into a tensile force or compressive force in the vertical direction, ie along and counter to the z-direction z on the facets 306 implemented.
- a multi-wave curvature of the facet can be set from section 306 via a different activation of the adjusting elements 332 , 334, 336, 338. Compensation for thermal interference effects, as in the case of the optical system 300E , is not possible here.
- the temperature sensors 360, 362 and displacement sensors 406, 408, 410 are arranged in accordance with the embodiment of the optical system 300E according to FIG. As already explained, temperature sensors (not shown) can be assigned to the optical system 300E.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300G. Only the differences between the optical systems 300F, 300G are discussed below.
- the optical system 300G corresponds to the optical system 300F with the difference that in the optical system 300G the joint sections 320, 322 are not provided at the edge of the facet section 306, but rather that the joint sections 320, 322 along the y-direction y considered indented.
- the optical system 300G also includes temperature sensors and displacement sensors (not shown).
- FIG. 17 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of an optical system 300H. Only differences between the optical systems 300G, 300H are discussed below.
- the optical system 300H does not have four but only two adjusting elements 332, 334. Furthermore, the joint sections 320, 322 are provided at the edge of the facet section 306.
- the optical system 300H also has temperature sensors and displacement sensors (not shown).
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 can be made of one piece or monolithic, that is to say made of a raw material without further joints.
- the base body 304 and the facet section 306 can be produced in separate processes and to be connected to one another by a suitable joining process at the joint sections 320, 322 or the like.
- This is particularly advantageous because different manufacturing processes are advantageous due to the different functional requirements for the two components.
- one requirement on the facets from section 306 is the lowest possible internal stress. This can be achieved in particular by milling or eroding with subsequent heat treatment.
- one requirement of the base body 304 is that the fine structures, for example for the lever arms 312, 314 or the articulated sections 320, 322, must be manufactured as precisely as possible. These structures can advantageously be achieved by means of EDM, etching or additive manufacturing and a different heat treatment.
- connection of the facets from section 306 to the base body 304 can take place, for example, by welding, wringing, soldering, gluing, diffusion welding, electron beam welding, laser welding or reactive bonding.
- connection at the articulated sections 320, 322 it is possible that internal stresses or deformations of the joint will be felt on the optically effective surface 308 and impair its optical properties.
- a correction of the surface defect of the optically active surface 308 downstream of the production of the connection is advantageous. This can be done by mechanical, electrochemical or electron beam optical methods.
- the facet section 306 can also be actuated by magnetic, magnetostrictive, pneumatic or hydraulic drives.
- piezo actuators is particularly advantageous since they have a very good power/space ratio. This means that large deformations of the optically effective surface 308 can be achieved in the available, very limited installation space.
- a further advantage is that due to the small size of piezoelectric actuators, a width of the facet from section 306 can be chosen to be very narrow.
- a large number of optical systems 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D, 300E, 300F, 300G, 300H with actuable facet sections 306 and thus optical channels can thus be arranged in the beam shaping and illumination system 102 . This is beneficial to the optical performance of the beamforming and illumination system 102 .
- adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 in the form of piezoactuators can be arranged as described above for compensating thermal interference effects due to their small size.
- piezo actuators require hardly any electricity in stationary or quasi-stationary operation. Due to the high internal resistance, the power required by the piezo actuator to hold a position is negligibly small and is mainly determined by the external wiring. After disconnecting from the power supply, the piezo actuator can maintain its position. This reduces power consumption and therefore self-heating and is suitable for reducing the thermally induced errors mentioned above.
- FIG. 18 to 20 show highly simplified schematic views of an embodiment of a facet from section 306.
- FIG. 18 shows a side view of the Facets from section 306.
- Figure 19 shows a plan view of facet portion 306.
- Figure 20 shows a front view of facets from section 306.
- Optical systems 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D, 300E, 300F, 300G, 300H are based on ver viewed simply on the kinematic principle of a bending beam mounted on both sides, which the facets from section 306 forms, with the introduction of bending moments B1, B2 on both sides.
- FIG. 18 shows the flexbeam in the form of facet portion 306 in an undeformed state, shown in solid lines, and in a deformed state, shown in dashed lines. In the deformed state, the facet portion is identified by reference numeral 306'.
- a facet section 306 that is straight in the y-direction y corresponds to a straight bending beam.
- the facet section 306 has a width b and a height h, both of which are constant when viewed along the y-direction y.
- Such a facet section 306 with a homogeneous cross-section Q will deform exclusively in a plane spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z when opposing bending moments Bl, B2 are introduced on both sides.
- a surface normal or a normal vector N of the optical Effective surface 308 thereby exclusively experiences a rotation around the x-direction x (short axis of the facet from section 306), depending on its position in the y-direction y on the facet from section 306.
- Figures 21-24 show highly simplified schematic views of another embodiment of a facet from section 306.
- Figure 21 shows a side view of the facet from section 306.
- Figure 22 shows a plan view of facet portion 306.
- Figure 23 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 according to section line AA of Fig. 21.
- Fig. 24 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 according to section line BB of Fig. 21.
- facet portion 306 corresponds to a curved cantilever.
- the facet section 306 has a homogeneous cross-section Q.
- this facet section 306 will also deform primarily in a plane spanned by the y-direction y and the z-direction z. In addition, however, the facet section 306 will also experience a torsion about the y-direction y. This torsion is zero at both ends of the facet from section 306 and maximum in the middle of the facet from section 306.
- the normal vector N of the optically effective surface 308 undergoes a rotation both about the c-direction x and about the y-direction y.
- the rotation about the y-direction y is at a maximum.
- the rotation about the c-direction x is zero in the middle of the facet section 306 and a maximum at both ends of the facet from section 306 onwards. Both rotations are in a geometrically determined, fixed relationship to one another.
- 25 to 28 show greatly simplified schematic views of a further embodiment of a facet from section 306.
- the facet section 306 or the optically effective surface 308 is curved in an arc or crescent shape.
- 26 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 along line OC of FIG. 25.
- FIG. 27 shows a sectional view of facet portion 306 along line DD of FIG. 25.
- FIG. 28 shows a sectional view of the facet from section 306 according to the section line E ⁇ of FIG. 25.
- “stiffness” is to be understood as meaning the resistance of the facet from section 306 or, in general, of a body to elastic deformation by a force or a moment.
- the "stiffness” is the torsional stiffness of the facets from section 306, that is, the stiffness against a torsional moment that twists or twists the facets from section 306.
- the rigidity of a component depends on the elastic properties of the material, such as the modulus of elasticity, on the one hand, and on the geometry of the deformed component on the other.
- the stiffness of the facet section 306 can thus be varied by varying the modulus of elasticity of the material used for the facet section 306 .
- a variation in the modulus of elasticity can be achieved by using a monolithic base body made of two or more different materials.
- This base body forms the facets from section 306 or the facets from section 306 is made from the base body.
- the base body can also include the base body 304 .
- Such a base body can be produced from different metal powders by welding, plating or preferably by additive or generative manufacturing, in particular 3D printing.
- additive manufacturing processes can be used to create hybrid components with a continuous transition between two different materials, such as copper and steel.
- the facet section 306 can therefore have a hybrid structure, in particular made of steel and copper.
- the geometry, in particular a cross section Q of the facet section 306, is particularly preferably varied.
- the facet section 306 has a trapezoidal cross section Q with a constant or variable width bl on its top side, i.e. the optically effective surface 308.
- a width b2 on its underside is also variable, but advantageously at every point of the facet section 306 narrower than the top.
- a height h of the cross section Q can also be chosen to be variable.
- the torsional section modulus about the c-direction x and the y-direction y of the facet from section 306 is constant over the entire length of the facet from section 306 .
- the "torsional resistance moment" is a measure of the resistance of the facets from section 306 or, in general terms, a beam opposes the development of internal stresses under load.
- the torsional resistance moment can be specifically influenced. This method is not limited to trapezoidal cross-sections Q, but can be used for any cross-sections with at least two variable cross-section parameters, such as width and height, for example.
- cross-sections Q in the form of rectangles, triangles, semi-ellipses, rectangles with corners cut off or other more complex cross-sections are conceivable.
- the facet section 306 comprises a first end region 414 and a second end region 416.
- the bending moments Bl, B2 are introduced into the end regions 414, 416.
- a symmetry plane El to which the facet section 306 is constructed mirror-symmetrically.
- the section according to FIG. 27 is arranged in the plane of symmetry El.
- the plane of symmetry E 1 is spanned by the c-direction x and the z-direction z or is arranged parallel to a plane spanned by the x-direction x and the z-direction z.
- the facet section 306 has a longitudinal direction LI, L2.
- the longitudinal direction LI, L2 is oriented in each case from the corresponding end region 414, 416 in the direction of the plane of symmetry El.
- the longitudinal direction LI, L2 in each case has an arcuately curved course.
- the stiffness of the facets decreases from section 306 starting from the end regions 414, 416 viewed along the longitudinal direction LI, L2 in the direction of the plane of symmetry El.
- cross section Q or a cross-sectional area of the cross section Q is the smallest in the plane of symmetry El and increases toward the end regions 414, 416.
- a course or a gradient of the rigidity that is to say the course of the rigidity along the respective longitudinal direction LI, L2 is symmetrical to the plane of symmetry El.
- the cross section Q according to the section line D-D according to FIG. 25 is smaller than the cross section Q according to the section lines OC and E ⁇ . The same applies to the torsional resistance moment.
- FIG. 29 shows the error profile of the normal vector N over the length of the facet section 306 for a specific change in the cross section Q.
- the y-direction y in mm is plotted on the abscissa axis.
- An error angle Q in prad is plotted on the ordinate axis.
- a 90 mm long facet section 306 with a rectangular cross section Q of a constant height h and width b of 4 mm is considered as an example (FIG. 24).
- a curve 418 represents the tilting of the normal vector N in the plane E2 spanned by the y direction y and the z direction z.
- a curve 420 represents the tilting of the normal vector N in one of the c direction x and the z direction
- a curve 422 shows the tilting of the normal vector N resulting from the curves 418, 420.
- the error angle Q of the resulting normal vector N varies between 5 and 19 prad.
- FIG. 30 shows the error profile of the normal vector M for an 80 mm long facet section 306 with a variable height h (FIG. 26) and a constant width bl (FIG. 26) of the cross section Q the top ⁇ side and variable width b2 (Fig. 26) at the bottom.
- the resulting error in the resulting normal vector N can be completely eliminated , as shown by curve 424 .
- the plane E2 is oriented perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E1.
- the optical arrangement 200 also includes a measuring unit 244, which is shown in FIG. 4 in a side view (left) and in a top view (right).
- the function of the measuring unit 244 is explained below.
- Piezo actuators can have various long-lasting creep effects and drift effects that cannot be detected with the above-mentioned measuring systems due to their own creep behavior.
- Such effects can include, for example, creep due to stress relaxation in an adhesive bond between the respective actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 and the base body 304, drift of the actuating element 332, 334, 336, 338 due to charge loss, drift of the charge amplifier and/or material creep ⁇ chen in the facets from section 306 or the body 304 to be.
- These creep effects can lead to a deviation of the actual curvature from the setpoint curvature specified by the controller and can occur over a period of hours, days or weeks, depending on the creep effect and creep rate.
- the measuring unit 244 is advantageous for measuring these effects and for deriving a correction signal.
- the EUV radiation 108A of the beam path 216 impinges on the pivotable field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F whose curvature can be changed. Depending on the switching position, these reflect the EUV radiation onto different pupil facets 230A, 230B, 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 4 provides the measuring unit 244 that is independent of the pupil facet mirror 204 .
- one of the field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D , 222E, 222F, for example the field facet 222C, is tilted such that the EUV Radiation 108A impinges on measurement unit 244.
- the measuring unit 244 detects the size of the light spot, preferably in several spatial directions, in particular in length and width.
- a correction signal for the adjusting elements 332, 334, 336, 338 for the facet curvature is calculated from the size of the light spot via a control unit (not shown).
- the light spot can now be set to a minimum size and thus the best possible focusing by iterative optimization.
- This calibration is performed sequentially for all field facets 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F and can be performed for each field facet 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, 222E, 222F in a period of hours, days or weeks depending on the creep effect and creep rate be led.
- the measuring unit 244 can be embodied, for example, as a CCD sensor (Engl4 Charge-Coupled Device, CCD).
- the pupil facets 230A, 230B , 230C, 230D, 230E, 230F of the pupil facet mirror 204 are arranged in a circular area. It is advantageous here to arrange the measuring unit 244 in the center of the surface, since the variation of the switching angle of the field facets 222A, 222B, 222C , 222D, 222E , 222F for illuminating the measuring unit 244 is reduced as far as possible and the steepest possible entry angle of incidence of the light of all field facets on the measuring unit is realized.
- the measuring unit 244 can be arranged independently and next to the pupil facet mirror 204 or (not shown) at the edge of the pupil facet mirror 204.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2023530825A JP2023549968A (ja) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-17 | 視野ファセットシステム及びリソグラフィ装置 |
CN202180078715.7A CN116472499A (zh) | 2020-11-25 | 2021-11-17 | 场分面系统和光刻设备 |
US18/318,508 US20230384686A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-16 | Field facet system and lithography apparatus |
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DE102020214800.7A DE102020214800A1 (de) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Feldfacettensystem und lithographieanlage |
DE102020214800.7 | 2020-11-25 |
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US18/318,508 Continuation US20230384686A1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2023-05-16 | Field facet system and lithography apparatus |
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JP (1) | JP2023549968A (de) |
CN (1) | CN116472499A (de) |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10151919A1 (de) | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-15 | Zeiss Carl | Optisches Element mit einer optischen Achse |
DE102013206981A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-12-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Facettenspiegel mit im Krümmungsradius einstellbaren Spiegel-Facetten und Verfahren hierzu |
WO2015144370A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-01 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Housing for an array of densely spaced components and associated manufacturing method |
DE102017221420A1 (de) | 2017-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Euv-beleuchtungssystem und verfahren zum erzeugen einer beleuchtungsstrahlung |
DE102019200358A1 (de) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-21 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Halbleiterlithographie mit Mitteln zur Reduzierung des Wärmeübertrags |
-
2020
- 2020-11-25 DE DE102020214800.7A patent/DE102020214800A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-11-17 JP JP2023530825A patent/JP2023549968A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-17 CN CN202180078715.7A patent/CN116472499A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-17 WO PCT/EP2021/082009 patent/WO2022112071A1/de active Application Filing
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2023
- 2023-05-16 US US18/318,508 patent/US20230384686A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10151919A1 (de) | 2001-10-20 | 2003-05-15 | Zeiss Carl | Optisches Element mit einer optischen Achse |
DE102013206981A1 (de) | 2013-04-18 | 2013-12-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Facettenspiegel mit im Krümmungsradius einstellbaren Spiegel-Facetten und Verfahren hierzu |
WO2015144370A1 (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-01 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Housing for an array of densely spaced components and associated manufacturing method |
DE102017221420A1 (de) | 2017-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Euv-beleuchtungssystem und verfahren zum erzeugen einer beleuchtungsstrahlung |
DE102019200358A1 (de) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-21 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Halbleiterlithographie mit Mitteln zur Reduzierung des Wärmeübertrags |
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JP2023549968A (ja) | 2023-11-29 |
US20230384686A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
CN116472499A (zh) | 2023-07-21 |
DE102020214800A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
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