WO2022110699A1 - 巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法及巴特勒矩阵 - Google Patents

巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法及巴特勒矩阵 Download PDF

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WO2022110699A1
WO2022110699A1 PCT/CN2021/095624 CN2021095624W WO2022110699A1 WO 2022110699 A1 WO2022110699 A1 WO 2022110699A1 CN 2021095624 W CN2021095624 W CN 2021095624W WO 2022110699 A1 WO2022110699 A1 WO 2022110699A1
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butler matrix
input signal
vector synthesis
phase difference
phase
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French (fr)
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包晓军
刘远曦
李琳
王永刚
刘会涛
王育才
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广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication, in particular to a Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method and a Butler matrix that can implement the method.
  • the Butler matrix is an equal-amplitude phase weighting network used for multi-beam synthesis. Different phase weighting is achieved through a 3dB quadrature branch line coupler (or a 180° ring coupler) and several fixed adjustable phase shifters to form Multiple beams directed differently.
  • the Butler matrix method is used to realize multi-beam, and each beam utilizes all the radiation elements of the entire front. Therefore, it is a lossless multi-beam synthesis method for phased array beam synthesis.
  • the multiple beams formed by an ideal Butler matrix are orthogonal, the peak value of each beam coincides with the zero value of other beams, and the mutual interference between the beams is minimal.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method, which can reduce the phase deviation of the Butler matrix and improve the beamforming performance of the Butler matrix.
  • the present invention also provides a Butler matrix capable of realizing the above-mentioned Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method.
  • the n output beams are output at the n output ports; for any one of the output beams, the theoretical value of the phase difference and the actual value of the phase difference between the two input signals for vector synthesis in each stage of vector synthesis are obtained, and then Obtain the phase difference error value between the two input signals; calculate and adjust the adjustment amount required by each of the adjustable phase shifters according to the phase difference error value.
  • the Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method has at least the following beneficial effects: for each output beam, in each stage of vector synthesis, the theoretical value of the phase difference of the two input signals for vector synthesis is calculated by an algorithm. , and then obtain the actual value of the phase difference between the two input signals through the actual test, and then obtain the error value of the phase difference between the two input signals, and then calculate the adjustment amount required by each adjustable phase shifter and adjust it, so that Corrects the phase error of the Butler matrix.
  • the Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method the embodiment of the present invention, the deviation between the theoretical value and the actual value of each vector synthesis point of the finished Butler matrix can be obtained, and then the adjustable phase shifter is used for uniform correction, which can effectively correct the Butler matrix.
  • the various phase deviations generated by the Butler matrix in the manufacturing and processing links improve the beamforming performance of the Butler matrix, thereby enhancing the applicability of the Butler matrix in the field of large-scale array beamforming.
  • the method for performing N-level vector synthesis for n input signals is: in the m-th level vector synthesis, the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 m -th input signal are vector-synthesized, and In each stage of vector synthesis, only one vector synthesis is performed for each input signal, where m is a positive integer not greater than N, and i is a positive integer less than n.
  • n/2 couplers are respectively set, and in the m-th stage of vector synthesis, the ith input signal and the i+n/2 mth input signal are Vector synthesis is performed through the corresponding couplers.
  • the coupler is a 3dB coupler or a ring coupler.
  • the n output beams are centrally symmetric, and there are n/2 output beams on both sides.
  • the output beam of the jth output port is denoted as beam j
  • the calculation beam j corresponds to the number of output beams on the first side or the number of beams on the second side, where j is a positive integer not greater than n.
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 m -th input signal is denoted as Am ji
  • the actual value of the phase difference between the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 m -th input signal is denoted as Bm ji
  • the method for calculating the adjustment amount required by each of the adjustable phase shifters is:
  • the Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method described in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention can be implemented.
  • the Butler matrix according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: by using the Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method described in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to effectively correct the Butler matrix generated in the manufacturing and processing links.
  • Various phase deviations improve the beamforming performance of the Butler matrix, thereby enhancing the applicability of the Butler matrix in the field of large-scale array beamforming.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a Butler matrix phase weighted optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8 ⁇ 8-order Butler matrix in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an 8 ⁇ 8-order Butler matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the azimuth description such as the azimuth or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc.
  • the azimuth description is based on the azimuth or position relationship shown in the drawings, only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it is not indicated or implied that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
  • the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is two or more, greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including this number, above, below, within, etc. are understood as including this number. If it is described that the first and the second are only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or indicating the number of the indicated technical features or the order of the indicated technical features. relation.
  • an adjustable phase shifter is respectively set at each input port, and the input end of each adjustable phase shifter is electrically connected to the corresponding input port respectively;
  • the overall phase difference error value of the finished Butler matrix can be obtained, and then corrected by the adjustable phase shifter, so as to effectively correct the Butler matrix generated in the manufacturing and processing links.
  • Various phase deviations can improve the beamforming performance of the Butler matrix, thereby enhancing the applicability of the Butler matrix in the field of large-scale array beamforming.
  • the output beams output by the port are beam 1 to beam 8 respectively.
  • Set 8 adjustable phase shifters at the 8 input ports which are PH1 to PH8 respectively.
  • PH9 to PH16 shown in Figure 2 are fixed phase shifters of traditional 8 ⁇ 8 order Butler matrix, H1 to H12 A vector synthesis node for a traditional 8x8 order Butler matrix.
  • the method for performing N-level vector synthesis for n input signals is as follows: in the m-th stage of vector synthesis, the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 m -th input signal are vector-synthesized, and in each stage of vector synthesis, Only one vector synthesis is performed for each input signal, where m is a positive integer not greater than N, and i is a positive integer less than n.
  • the first input signal and the third input signal are vector synthesized, the second input signal is vector synthesized with the fourth input signal, the fifth input signal is vector synthesized with the seventh input signal, and the sixth input signal is vector synthesized.
  • the method described above is also applicable to a Butler matrix of order 4 ⁇ 4, a Butler matrix of order 16 ⁇ 16, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • n/2 couplers are respectively set.
  • the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 mth input The signals are vector synthesized through the corresponding couplers.
  • the 4 couplers are H1 to H4, and in the second-stage vector synthesis Among them, the 4 couplers are H5 to H8, and in the third-stage vector synthesis, the 4 couplers are H9 to H12.
  • the coupler can be a 3dB coupler or a ring coupler.
  • the n output beams will be centrally symmetric, with n/2 output beams on each side.
  • the theoretical phase difference between the first input signal and the fifth input signal is ⁇ /2
  • the theoretical phase difference between the second input signal and the sixth input signal is ⁇ /2
  • the theoretical phase difference between the third input signal and the seventh input signal is ⁇ /2
  • the theoretical phase difference between the fourth input signal and the eighth input signal is ⁇ /2
  • the theoretical phase difference between the first input signal and the third input signal is ⁇ /4
  • the theoretical phase difference between the second input signal and the fourth input signal is ⁇ /4
  • the fifth input signal and the seventh input signal are theoretically ⁇ /4.
  • the theoretical phase difference of the first input signal is ⁇ /4, and the theoretical phase difference between the sixth input signal and the eighth input signal is ⁇ /4; in the third-level vector synthesis, the first input signal and the second
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference of the first input signal is ⁇ /8
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the third input signal and the fourth input signal is ⁇ /8
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the fifth input signal and the sixth input signal is ⁇ /8
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the seventh input signal and the eighth input signal is ⁇ /8.
  • the output beam of the jth output port is denoted as beam j, and the calculation beam j is the beam corresponding to the first side or the beam of the second side, where j is a positive integer not greater than n.
  • the specific calculation method is as follows:
  • beam j is the (G+1)th beam on the first side, and if G is greater than or equal to n/2, beam j is the (n-G)th beam on the second side.
  • the serial number L corresponding to beam 1 is 0, the binary number corresponding to 0 is 000, the reversed number is 000, and the corresponding decimal number G is 0 , then beam 1 corresponds to the first beam on the first side; the serial number L corresponding to beam 2 is 1, the binary number corresponding to 1 is 001, the reversed number is 100, and the corresponding decimal number G is 4, then Beam 1 corresponds to the fourth beam on the second side; by analogy, it can be obtained that beams 1 to 8 correspond to the beams on the first side or the second side, respectively. It can be understood that the above method is also applicable to a Butler matrix of order 4 ⁇ 4, a Butler matrix of order 16 ⁇ 16, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the i-th input signal and the i+n/2 m -th input signal is denoted as Am ji
  • the i-th input signal and the i-th input signal are denoted as Am ji
  • the actual value of the phase difference between the +n/2 m input signals is denoted as Bm ji
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the first input signal and the fifth input signal is A1 11
  • the actual value of the phase difference is A1 11 .
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the second input signal and the sixth input signal is A1 12
  • the actual value of the phase difference is B1 12
  • the phase difference error Value C1 12 A1 12 -B1 12
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the third input signal and the seventh input signal is A1 13
  • the actual value of the phase difference is B1 13
  • the phase difference error value C1 13 A1 13 - B1 13
  • the theoretical value of the phase difference between the 4th input signal and the 8th input signal is A1 14
  • the actual value of the phase difference is B1 14
  • the phase difference error value C1 14 A1 14 -B1 14
  • the method to calculate the amount of adjustment required for each adjustable phase shifter is:
  • C1 1 1/8 ⁇ (C1 11 +C1 21 +C1 31 +C1 41 +C1 51 +C1 61 +C1 71 +C1 81 ),
  • C1 2 1/8 ⁇ (C1 12 +C1 22 +C1 32 +C1 42 +C1 52 +C1 62 +C1 72 +C1 82 ),
  • C1 4 1/8 ⁇ (C1 14 +C1 24 +C1 34 +C1 44 +C1 54 +C1 64 +C1 74 +C1 84 ),
  • C2 2 1/8 ⁇ (C2 12 +C2 22 +C2 32 +C2 42 +C2 52 +C2 62 +C2 72 +C2 82 ),
  • C2 5 1/8 ⁇ (C2 15 +C2 25 +C2 35 +C2 45 +C2 55 +C2 65 +C2 75 +C2 85 ),
  • C2 6 1/8 ⁇ (C2 16 +C2 26 +C2 36 +C2 46 +C2 56 +C2 66 +C2 76 +C2 86 ),
  • C3 1 1/8 ⁇ (C3 11 +C3 21 +C3 31 +C3 41 +C3 51 +C3 61 +C3 71 +C3 81 ),
  • C3 3 1/8 ⁇ (C3 13 +C3 23 +C3 33 +C3 43 +C3 53 +C3 63 +C3 73 +C3 83 ),
  • C3 5 1/8 ⁇ (C3 15 +C3 25 +C3 35 +C3 45 +C3 55 +C3 65 +C3 75 +C3 85 ),
  • C3 7 1/8 ⁇ (C3 17 +C3 27 +C3 37 +C3 47 +C3 57 +C3 67 +C3 77 +C3 87 ),
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH1 is C 1
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH1 is C 1
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH2 is C 2
  • the adjustable phase shifter PH2 is C 2
  • the adjustment amount of PH3 is C 3
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH4 is C 4
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH5 is C 5
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH6 is C 6
  • the adjustment amount of the phaser PH7 is C 7
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH8 is C 8 .
  • Adjusting according to the adjustment amount of each adjustable phase shifter can correct the overall phase difference error value of the Butler matrix, minimize the various phase deviations generated by the Butler matrix in the manufacturing and processing links, and improve the Butler matrix. Beamforming performance, and then enhance the applicability of Butler matrix in the field of large-scale array beamforming.
  • the following takes an 8 ⁇ 8-order Butler matrix as an example to describe in detail a Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention with a specific embodiment. It is to be understood that the following description is illustrative only and not specific limitation of the invention.
  • C1 1 1/8 ⁇ (C1 11 +C1 21 +C1 31 +C1 41 +C1 51 +C1 61 +C1 71 +C1 81 ),
  • C1 2 1/8 ⁇ (C1 12 +C1 22 +C1 32 +C1 42 +C1 52 +C1 62 +C1 72 +C1 82 ),
  • C1 4 1/8 ⁇ (C1 14 +C1 24 +C1 34 +C1 44 +C1 54 +C1 64 +C1 74 +C1 84 ),
  • C2 2 1/8 ⁇ (C2 12 +C2 22 +C2 32 +C2 42 +C2 52 +C2 62 +C2 72 +C2 82 ),
  • C2 5 1/8 ⁇ (C2 15 +C2 25 +C2 35 +C2 45 +C2 55 +C2 65 +C2 75 +C2 85 ),
  • C2 6 1/8 ⁇ (C2 16 +C2 26 +C2 36 +C2 46 +C2 56 +C2 66 +C2 76 +C2 86 ),
  • C3 1 1/8 ⁇ (C3 11 +C3 21 +C3 31 +C3 41 +C3 51 +C3 61 +C3 71 +C3 81 ),
  • C3 3 1/8 ⁇ (C3 13 +C3 23 +C3 33 +C3 43 +C3 53 +C3 63 +C3 73 +C3 83 ),
  • C3 5 1/8 ⁇ (C3 15 +C3 25 +C3 35 +C3 45 +C3 55 +C3 65 +C3 75 +C3 85 ),
  • C3 7 1/8 ⁇ (C3 17 +C3 27 +C3 37 +C3 47 +C3 57 +C3 67 +C3 77 +C3 87 ),
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH1 is C 1
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH1 is C 1
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH2 is C 2
  • the adjustable phase shifter PH3 The adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter is C 3
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH4 is C 4
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH5 is C 5
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH6 is C 6
  • the adjustable phase shifter is C 6
  • the adjustment amount of the phase shifter PH7 is C 7
  • the adjustment amount of the adjustable phase shifter PH8 is C 8 .
  • the overall phase difference error value of the Butler matrix can be corrected, various phase deviations generated by the Butler matrix in the manufacturing and processing links can be corrected, and the Butler matrix beamforming can be improved. performance, thereby enhancing the applicability of the Butler matrix in the field of large-scale array beamforming.
  • the Butler matrix of the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention by adopting the above-mentioned Butler matrix phase weighting optimization method, the beamforming performance is improved, and it can be applied to the field of large-scale array beamforming.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法及可以实现该方法的巴特勒矩阵，该方法基于n×n阶巴特勒矩阵，其中n＝2N，N为正整数，包括：在每个输入端口处分别设置一个可调移相器；n个输入信号分别经过对应的输入端口和对应的可调移相器后，进行N级矢量合成，并从n个输出端口处输出n个输出波束；获取对于任意一个输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值和相位差实际值，进而获得两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值；根据相位差误差值，分别计算每个可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调节。根据本发明的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，能够降低巴特勒矩阵的相位偏差，提高巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能。

Description

巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法及巴特勒矩阵 技术领域
本发明涉及微波通信技术领域，尤其是涉及一种巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法及可以实现该方法的巴特勒矩阵。
背景技术
巴特勒矩阵是一种等幅相位加权网络，用于多波束合成，通过3dB正交分支线耦合器(或者180°环形耦合器)和若干个固定可调移相器实现不同的相位加权，形成多个不同指向的波束。采用巴特勒矩阵方式实现多波束，每一个波束均利用了整个阵面的所有辐射单元，因此对于相控阵波束合成，是一种无损的多波束合成方法。理想的巴特勒矩阵形成的多个波束之间具有正交性，每个波束的峰值和其他波束零值重合，波束之间相互干扰最小。
但是现有的巴特勒矩阵，在加工、制造过程中的各种误差很容易带来幅度和相位的偏差，进而影响到相控阵关键技术指标，如波束指向、最大旁瓣、积分旁瓣、波束隔离度、抗干扰能力等。这也就使得巴特勒矩阵目前主要还是应用在规模较小，而且对波束合成精确度要求不高的领域，如5G通信领域，而巴特勒矩阵在微波频段、大规模有源相控阵雷达领域的应用则还是非常少见的，因此需要提升巴特勒矩阵的波束合成精度。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出了一种巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，能够降低巴特勒矩阵的相位偏差，提高巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能。
本发明还提出了一种能够实现上述巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法的巴特勒矩阵。
根据本发明第一方面实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，基于n×n阶 巴特勒矩阵，所述n×n阶巴特勒矩阵具有n个输入端口及n个输出端口，其中n＝2 N，N为正整数，N表示n个输入信号进行矢量合成的级数，其特征在于，包括：在每个所述输入端口处分别设置一个可调移相器，每个所述可调移相器的输入端分别与对应的所述输入端口电性连接；n个输入信号分别经过对应的所述输入端口和对应的所述可调移相器后，进行N级矢量合成，并从所述n个输出端口处输出n个输出波束；获取对于任意一个所述输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值和相位差实际值，进而获得所述两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值；根据所述相位差误差值，计算每个所述可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调节。
根据本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，至少具有如下有益效果：通过算法计算对于每一个输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中，进行矢量合成的两个输入信号的相位差理论值，再通过实际测试获取这两个输入信号的相位差实际值，进而获得两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值，再计算每个可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调节，从而修正巴特勒矩阵的相位误差。根据本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，能够获得成品巴特勒矩阵各矢量合成点的理论值与实际值之间的偏差，再通过可调移相器统一进行修正，能够有效修正巴特勒矩阵在制造、加工环节产生的各种相位偏差，提高了巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能，进而增强巴特勒矩阵在大规模阵列波束合成领域的适用性。
根据本发明的一些实施例，n个输入信号进行N级矢量合成的方法为：在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号进行矢量合成，且在每一级矢量合成中，每个输入信号只进行一次矢量合成，其中m为不大于N的正整数，i为小于n的正整数。
根据本发明的一些实施例，在每一级矢量合成中，分别设置有n/2个耦合器，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号通过对应的所述耦合器进行矢量合成。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述耦合器为3dB耦合器或者环形耦合器。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述n个输出波束呈中心对称，两侧各有n/2个输出波束，对于第一侧的第k个输出波束，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，对于第二侧的第k个输出波束，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(-1)×(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，其中k为不大于n/2的正整数。
根据本发明的一些实施例，将第j个输出端口的输出波束记为波束j，计算波束j对应于所述第一侧的第几个输出波束或者所述第二侧的第几个波束，其中j为不大于n的正整数。
根据本发明的一些实施例，对于波束j，在第m级矢量合成中，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值记为Am ji，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差实际值记为Bm ji，则第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差误差值为Cm ji＝Am ji-Bm ji。
根据本发明的一些实施例，计算每个所述可调移相器所需的调节量的方法为：
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000002
则第i个可调移相器所需的调节量为C i。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的巴特勒矩阵，可以实现如本发明上述第一方面实施例所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法。
根据本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵，至少具有如下有益效果：通过采用本发明上述第一方面实施例所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，能够有效修正巴特勒矩阵在制造、加工环节产生的各种相位偏差，提高了巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能，进而增强巴特勒矩阵在大规模阵列波束合成领域的适用性。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法的流程示意图；
图2为现有技术中的8×8阶巴特勒矩阵的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的8×8阶巴特勒矩阵的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，根据本发明第一方面实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，基于n×n阶巴特勒矩阵，n×n阶巴特勒矩阵具有n个输入端口及n个输出端口，其中n＝2 N，N为正整数，N表示n个输入信号进行矢量合成的级数，包括如下 四个步骤：
S100：在每个输入端口处分别设置一个可调移相器，每个可调移相器的输入端分别与对应的输入端口电性连接；
S200：n个输入信号分别经过对应的输入端口和对应的可调移相器后，进行N级矢量合成，并从n个输出端口处输出n个输出波束；
S300：获取对于任意一个输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值和相位差实际值，进而获得两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值；
S400：根据相位差误差值，分别计算每个可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调节。
根据本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，能够获取成品巴特勒矩阵的整体相位差误差值，再通过可调移相器进行修正，有效修正巴特勒矩阵在制造、加工环节中产生的各种相位偏差，提高巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能，进而增强巴特勒矩阵在大规模阵列波束合成领域的适用性。
下面以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例具体说明本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，可以理解的是，下述描述仅是示例性说明，而不是对发明的具体限制。
如图2和图3所示，对于8×8阶巴特勒矩阵，n＝8，N＝3，8个输入端口分别为P1至P8，8个输出端口分别为Q1至Q8，从8个输出端口输出的输出波束分别为波束1至波束8。在8个输入端口处设置8个可调移相器，分别为PH1至PH8，其中，图2示出的PH9至PH16为传统8×8阶巴特勒矩阵的固定式移相器，H1至H12为传统8×8阶巴特勒矩阵的矢量合成节点。8个输入信号经过相应的输入端口和相应的可调移相器后，进行3级矢量合成，并从8个输出端口处输出8个输出波束，随后获取对于任意一个输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值和相位差实际值，进而获得两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值，进而计算每个可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调 节。
n个输入信号进行N级矢量合成的方法为：在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号进行矢量合成，且在每一级矢量合成中，每个输入信号只进行一次矢量合成，其中m为不大于N的正整数，i为小于n的正整数。如图3所示，仍以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，在第一级矢量合成中，m＝1，第1个输入信号与第5个输入信号进行矢量合成、第2个输入信号与第6个输入信号进行矢量合成，第3个输入信号与第7个输入信号进行矢量合成，第4个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成；在第二级矢量合成中，m＝2，第1个输入信号与第3个输入信号进行矢量合成，第2个输入信号与第4个输入信号进行矢量合成，第5个输入信号与第7个输入信号进行矢量合成，第6个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成；在第三级矢量合成中，m＝3，第1个输入信号与第2个输入信号进行矢量合成，第3个输入信号与第4个输入信号进行矢量合成，第5个输入信号与第6个输入信号进行矢量合成，第7个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成。上述描述的方法同样适用于4×4阶巴特勒矩阵、16×16阶巴特勒矩阵等，而不限于此。
如图2和图3所示，在每一级矢量合成中，分别设置有n/2个耦合器，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号通过对应的耦合器进行矢量合成。仍以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，每一级矢量合成中，分别设置有4个耦合器，在第一级矢量合成中，4个耦合器为H1至H4，在第二级矢量合成中，4个耦合器为H5至H8，在第三级矢量合成中，4个耦合器为H9至H12。可以理解的是，对于巴特勒矩阵，两个输入信号通过耦合器进行矢量合成的原理和过程，为本领域技术人员所应该知道或者可以知道的公知常识，因而在此并未对矢量合成的原理和过程进行详细地阐述。耦合器可以采用3dB耦合器或者环形耦合器。
对于n×n阶巴特勒矩阵，n个输出波束会呈中心对称，两侧各有n/2个输出波束，对于第一侧的第k个输出波束，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号 与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，对于第二侧的第k个输出波束，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(-1)×(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，其中k为不大于n/2的正整数。以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，8个输入信号经过巴特勒矩阵后会生成8个呈中心对称的输出波束，两侧各有4个输出波束，对于第一侧的第1个波束，在第一级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第5个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/2，第2个输入信号与第6个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/2，第3个输入信号与第7个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/2，第4个输入信号与第8个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/2；在第二级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第3个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/4，第2个输入信号与第4个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/4，第5个输入信号与第7个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/4，第6个输入信号与第8个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/4；在第三级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第2个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/8，第3个输入信号与第4个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/8，第5个输入信号与第6个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/8，第7个输入信号与第8个输入信号的相位差理论值为π/8。依次类推，可以获取对于任意输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值，再通过对巴特勒矩阵进行实际测试，便可以获得两个输入信号之间的相位差实际值，进而获得两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值。
将第j个输出端口的输出波束记为波束j，计算波束j分别是对应于第一侧的第几个波束或者第二侧的第几个波束，其中j为不大于n的正整数。具体的计算方法如下：
(1)获取波束j对应的序号L，L＝j-1；
(2)将序号L转换为对应的二进制数字，并将该二进制数字逐位颠倒，再将颠倒后得到的数字转换为对应的十进制数字G；
(3)若G小于n/2，则波束j为第一侧的第(G+1)个波束，若G大于等于n/2，则波束j为第二侧的第(n-G)个波束。
参照下面的表1，以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，波束1对应的序号L为0，0对应的二进制数字为000，逐位颠倒后的数字为000，对应的十进制数字G为0，则波束1对应于第一侧的第1个波束；波束2对应的序号L为1，1对应的二进制数字为001，逐位颠倒后的数字为100，对应的十进制数字G为4，则波束1对应于第二侧的第4个波束；依次类推，可以得到波束1至波束8分别对应于第一侧或者第二侧的第几个波束。可以理解的是，上述方法同样适用于4×4阶巴特勒矩阵、16×16阶巴特勒矩阵等，而不限于此。
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000003
表1
对于波束j，在第m级矢量合成中，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值记为Am ji，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差实际值记为Bm ji，则第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差误差值为Cm ji＝Am ji-Bm ji。仍以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，对于波束1，在第一级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第5个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A1 11，相位差实际值为B1 11，相位差误差值C1 11＝A1 11-B1 11；第2个输入信号与第6个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A1 12，相位差实际值为B1 12，相位差误差值C1 12＝A1 12-B1 12；第3个输入信号与第7个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A1 13，相位差实际值为B1 13，相位差误差值C1 13＝A1 13-B1 13；第4个输入信号与第8个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A1 14，相位差实际值为B1 14，相位差误差值C1 14＝A1 14-B1 14；在第二级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第3个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A2 11，相位差实际值为B2 11，相位差误差值C2 11＝A2 11-B2 11；第2个输入信号与第4个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A2 12，相位差实际值为B2 12，相位差误差值C2 12＝A2 12-B2 12；第5个输入信号与第7个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A2 15，相位差实际值为B2 15，相位差误差值C2 15＝A2 15-B2 15；第6个输入信号与第8个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A2 16，相位差实际值为B2 16，相位差误差值C2 16＝A2 16-B2 16；在第三级矢量合成中，第1个输入信号与第2个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A3 11，相位差实际值为B3 11，相位差误差值C3 11＝A3 11-B2 11；第3个输入信号与第4个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A3 13，相位差实际值为B3 13，相位差误差值C3 13＝A3 13-B2 13；第5个输入信号与第6个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A3 15，相位差实际值为B3 15，相位差误差值C3 15＝A3 15-B3 15；第7个输入信号与第8个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为A3 17，相位差实际值为B3 17，相位差误差值C3 17＝A3 17-B3 17。同理，可以计算出C1 21、C1 22、C1 23、C1 24、C2 21、C2 22、C2 25、C2 26、C3 21、C3 23、C3 25和C3 27等
计算每个可调移相器所需的调节量的方法为：
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000005
则第i个可调移相器的所需的调节量为C i。以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例：
C1 1＝1/8×(C1 11+C1 21+C1 31+C1 41+C1 51+C1 61+C1 71+C1 81)，
C1 2＝1/8×(C1 12+C1 22+C1 32+C1 42+C1 52+C1 62+C1 72+C1 82)，
C1 3＝1/8×(C1 13+C1 23+C1 33+C1 43+C1 53+C1 63+C1 73+C1 83)，
C1 4＝1/8×(C1 14+C1 24+C1 34+C1 44+C1 54+C1 64+C1 74+C1 84)，
C2 1＝1/8×(C2 11+C2 21+C2 31+C2 41+C2 51+C2 61+C2 71+C2 81)，
C2 2＝1/8×(C2 12+C2 22+C2 32+C2 42+C2 52+C2 62+C2 72+C2 82)，
C2 5＝1/8×(C2 15+C2 25+C2 35+C2 45+C2 55+C2 65+C2 75+C2 85)，
C2 6＝1/8×(C2 16+C2 26+C2 36+C2 46+C2 56+C2 66+C2 76+C2 86)，
C3 1＝1/8×(C3 11+C3 21+C3 31+C3 41+C3 51+C3 61+C3 71+C3 81)，
C3 3＝1/8×(C3 13+C3 23+C3 33+C3 43+C3 53+C3 63+C3 73+C3 83)，
C3 5＝1/8×(C3 15+C3 25+C3 35+C3 45+C3 55+C3 65+C3 75+C3 85)，
C3 7＝1/8×(C3 17+C3 27+C3 37+C3 47+C3 57+C3 67+C3 77+C3 87)，
根据上述式子，可以计算得到：
C 1＝C1 1+C2 1+C3 1，
C 2＝C1 2+C2 2，
C 3＝C1 3+C3 3，
C 4＝C1 4，
C 5＝C2 5+C3 5，
C 6＝C2 6，
C 7＝C3 7，
C 8＝0，
由上述式子可知，可调移相器PH1的调节量为C 1，可调移相器PH1的调节量为C 1，可调移相器PH2的调节量为C 2，可调移相器PH3的调节量为C 3，可调移相器PH4的调节量为C 4，可调移相器PH5的调节量为C 5，可调移相器 PH6的调节量为C 6，可调移相器PH7的调节量为C 7，可调移相器PH8的调节量为C 8。根据每个可调移相器的调节量进行调节，便能修正巴特勒矩阵的整体相位差误差值，最大限度降低巴特勒矩阵在制造、加工环节产生的各种相位偏差，提高了巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能，进而增强巴特勒矩阵在大规模阵列波束合成领域的适用性。
参考图1至图3，下面以8×8阶巴特勒矩阵为例，以一个具体的实施例详细描述根据本发明实施例的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法。值得理解的是，下述描述仅是示例性说明，而不是对发明的具体限制。
对于8×8阶巴特勒矩阵，n＝8，N＝3，在8个输出端口P1至P8处设置8个可调移相器PH1至PH8，可调移相器可以采用市面上常见的模拟可调移相器或数字可调移相器。8个输入信号经过对应的输入端口和对应的可调移相器后，进行3级矢量合成，在第一级矢量合成中，m＝1，第1个输入信号与第5个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C1 11至C1 81；第2个输入信号与第6个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C1 12至C1 82；第3个输入信号与第7个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C1 13至C1 83；第4个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C1 14至C1 84；在第二级矢量合成中，m＝2，第1个输入信号与第3个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C2 11至C2 81；第2个输入信号与第4个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C2 12至C2 82；第5个输入信号与第7个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C2 15至C2 85；第6个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C2 16至C2 86；在第三级矢量合成中，m＝3，第1个输入信号与第2个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C3 11至C3 81；第3个输入信号与第4个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C3 13至C3 83；第5个输入信号与第6个 输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C3 15至C3 85；第7个输入信号与第8个输入信号进行矢量合成，对于8个输出波束，相位差误差值分别为C3 17至C3 87，则由
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000006
可以得出：
C1 1＝1/8×(C1 11+C1 21+C1 31+C1 41+C1 51+C1 61+C1 71+C1 81)，
C1 2＝1/8×(C1 12+C1 22+C1 32+C1 42+C1 52+C1 62+C1 72+C1 82)，
C1 3＝1/8×(C1 13+C1 23+C1 33+C1 43+C1 53+C1 63+C1 73+C1 83)，
C1 4＝1/8×(C1 14+C1 24+C1 34+C1 44+C1 54+C1 64+C1 74+C1 84)，
C2 1＝1/8×(C2 11+C2 21+C2 31+C2 41+C2 51+C2 61+C2 71+C2 81)，
C2 2＝1/8×(C2 12+C2 22+C2 32+C2 42+C2 52+C2 62+C2 72+C2 82)，
C2 5＝1/8×(C2 15+C2 25+C2 35+C2 45+C2 55+C2 65+C2 75+C2 85)，
C2 6＝1/8×(C2 16+C2 26+C2 36+C2 46+C2 56+C2 66+C2 76+C2 86)，
C3 1＝1/8×(C3 11+C3 21+C3 31+C3 41+C3 51+C3 61+C3 71+C3 81)，
C3 3＝1/8×(C3 13+C3 23+C3 33+C3 43+C3 53+C3 63+C3 73+C3 83)，
C3 5＝1/8×(C3 15+C3 25+C3 35+C3 45+C3 55+C3 65+C3 75+C3 85)，
C3 7＝1/8×(C3 17+C3 27+C3 37+C3 47+C3 57+C3 67+C3 77+C3 87)，
再根据
Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-000007
可以得到：
C 1＝C1 1+C2 1+C3 1，
C 2＝C1 2+C2 2，
C 3＝C1 3+C3 3，
C 4＝C1 4，
C 5＝C2 5+C3 5，
C 6＝C2 6，
C 7＝C3 7，
C 8＝0，
综上可以得到，可调移相器PH1的调节量为C 1，可调移相器PH1的调节量为C 1，可调移相器PH2的调节量为C 2，可调移相器PH3的调节量为C 3，可 调移相器PH4的调节量为C 4，可调移相器PH5的调节量为C 5，可调移相器PH6的调节量为C 6，可调移相器PH7的调节量为C 7，可调移相器PH8的调节量为C 8。根据每个可调移相器的调节量进行调节，便能修正巴特勒矩阵的整体相位差误差值，修正巴特勒矩阵在制造、加工环节产生的各种相位偏差，提高了巴特勒矩阵波束合成性能，进而增强巴特勒矩阵在大规模阵列波束合成领域的适用性。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的巴特勒矩阵，通过采用上述巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，提高了波束合成性能，能够适用于大规模阵列波束合成领域。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“进一步实施例”、“一些具体实施例”或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，基于n×n阶巴特勒矩阵，所述n×n阶巴特勒矩阵具有n个输入端口及n个输出端口，其中n＝2 N，N为正整数，N表示n个输入信号进行矢量合成的级数，其特征在于，包括：
    在每个所述输入端口处分别设置一个可调移相器，每个所述可调移相器的输入端分别与对应的所述输入端口电性连接；
    n个输入信号分别经过对应的所述输入端口和对应的所述可调移相器后，进行N级矢量合成，并从所述n个输出端口处输出n个输出波束；
    获取对于任意一个所述输出波束，在每一级矢量合成中进行矢量合成的两个输入信号之间的相位差理论值和相位差实际值，进而获得所述两个输入信号之间的相位差误差值；
    根据所述相位差误差值，分别计算每个所述可调移相器所需的调节量并进行调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，n个输入信号进行N级矢量合成的方法为：在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号进行矢量合成，且在每一级矢量合成中，每个输入信号只进行一次矢量合成，其中m为不大于N的正整数，i为小于n的正整数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，在每一级矢量合成中，分别设置有n/2个耦合器，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号通过对应的所述耦合器进行矢量合成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，所述耦合器为3dB耦合器或者环形耦合器。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，所述n个输出波束呈中心对称，两侧各有n/2个输出波束，对于第一侧的第k个输出波束，在第m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，对于第二侧的第k个输出波束，在第 m级矢量合成中，第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值为δ＝(-1)×(n/2 m)×(2k-1)π/n，其中k为不大于n/2的正整数。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，将第j个输出端口的输出波束记为波束j，计算波束j对应于所述第一侧的第几个输出波束或者所述第二侧的第几个波束，其中j为不大于n的正整数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，对于波束j，在第m级矢量合成中，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差理论值记为Am ji，将第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差实际值记为Bm ji，则第i个输入信号与第i+n/2 m个输入信号之间的相位差误差值为Cm ji＝Am ji-Bm ji。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法，其特征在于，计算每个所述可调移相器所需的调节量的方法为：
    Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2021095624-appb-100002
    则第i个可调移相器所需的调节量为C i。
  9. 一种巴特勒矩阵，其特征在于，可以实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的巴特勒矩阵相位加权优化方法。
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