WO2022110482A1

WO2022110482A1 - Quick battery swapping system for electric commercial vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2022110482A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/140790
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈维加
Original assignee: 陈维加
Priority date: 2020-11-25
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2022-06-02
Also published as: CN112339607A

Abstract

A quick battery swapping system for an electric commercial vehicle, comprising an electric commercial vehicle having a swappable battery pack and a box-type battery swapping station. A transverse battery compartment is provided at the bottom of a crossbeam of the electric commercial vehicle; one end of the battery compartment is provided with a compartment door, and the wall of the other end opposite to the compartment door is provided with connection sockets which are in butt joint with plugs of the battery pack; the battery compartment is internally provided with compartment rails matching rollers of the battery pack. The box-type battery swapping station comprises battery swapping trolleys and a box body; each battery swapping trolley is provided with a frame rail matching the rollers of the battery pack; the frame rail is provided with a battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism; vertical charging racks are provided in the box body; unit cells are vertically arranged on each vertical charging rack; each cell is provided with a charging pile for charging a battery pack; and a battery swapping trolley conveying mechanism for conveying the battery swapping trolleys to the charging piles is further provided. The present invention can implement battery pack specification standardization of electric commercial vehicles of different tonnages and implement swapping by means of a same battery swap equipment, and thus has high battery swapping efficiency and low costs and is easy to popularize, thus thoroughly solving the problem that electric commercial vehicles cannot be popularized.

Description

Fast battery swap system for electric commercial vehicles

technical field

The invention relates to a quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle.

Background technique

The conversion of automobile oil to electricity is a major strategic policy for the country to reduce a large amount of oil imports, and an important national policy for energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development. Compared with traditional cars, electric vehicles can achieve zero emissions during driving, and have low noise, and the driving cost is much lower than traditional cars. Through years of hard work, my country's bus oil-to-electricity conversion has been steadily advanced, and electric domestic small cars have also developed rapidly.

Although the state has promulgated a number of electric vehicle support policies and electric vehicles have many advantages, electric vehicles still cannot be fully promoted. The fundamental reason for restricting the comprehensive promotion of electric vehicles is that electric vehicles have fatal weaknesses: short mileage and long charging time . Aside from the technical development bottleneck of the current battery pack itself, the focus is ultimately down to the charging problem. There are currently two modes of electric cars: charging and battery swapping. The problem of charging mode: According to the current battery technology, it takes 2 hours to fully charge on the premise of ensuring battery life. This is also the most fundamental problem that electric vehicles cannot replace fuel vehicles; the battery replacement mode can quickly replace the battery, but there are many battery specifications and capacities. There are many problems such as large differences, complex and expensive power exchange equipment and inconsistent specifications, so it cannot be widely used.

A commercial vehicle is a vehicle designed and technically used to transport people and goods. Commercial vehicles include all trucks and passenger vehicles with more than 9 seats, such as various trucks, semi-trailer tractors and buses, buses and engineering vehicles, which belong to the category of commercial vehicles. In terms of technical architecture, it includes the frame, power system, driving system and steering system.

Compared with small family cars, the electric vehicles of commercial vehicles, which account for 12.13% of the total number of motor vehicles, but also account for more than 48.14% of the pollution emissions from motor vehicles, have more prominent problems in electrification. The reasons are as follows:

1) On the premise of the existing battery technology, considering the weight, volume, price and other factors of the battery, the current electric commercial vehicle with a reasonable configuration of the battery has a fully charged mileage of about 300km-400km. In terms of vehicles, the freight industry is unacceptable.

2) The use of charging piles to directly charge the vehicle battery pack requires a long time to occupy a parking space, and as we all know, the space occupied by commercial vehicles itself is much larger than that of ordinary domestic small cars, and it is difficult to build and build a large number of charging stations for domestic small cars. Popularization makes it difficult to realize the charging demand of electric commercial vehicles.

3) For large-tonnage commercial vehicles, if the same charging method is used as the current electric domestic small car, since the electric commercial vehicle has a larger electric quantity and a larger charging current, it is also necessary to achieve the continuation mileage of the electric domestic small car. Compared with 400 kilometers, its battery pack capacity is 10 times that of electric domestic small cars, and the charging current also needs 10 times that of electric domestic small cars. It is charged with the existing national standard DC charging gun. Under the same charging time, at least 6 pieces of charging are required. Guns are enough. This greatly increases the investment in the construction of charging stations for commercial vehicles, and the actual operation is also very troublesome. These all limit the popularization and promotion of electric commercial vehicles to a large extent.

In order to solve the above-mentioned oil-to-electricity problem of commercial vehicles, the only solution at present is to use the battery-swap mode. Of course, even if the battery swap mode is used, the following problems need to be solved:

At present, most of the commercial vehicles using the battery swap mode are trucks, and they are all a battery swap device that only serves a single specification of commercial vehicles, and the equipment is complex and expensive. As a result, the commercial vehicle battery swap mode can only be applied in a limited area. , such as ports and mines. And general commercial vehicles are between 1-49 tons, and there are many battery pack specifications. Therefore, it cannot be promoted and popularized.

To solve the problem of electrification of all commercial vehicles, a standardized battery replacement system must be used, including standard charging equipment that can charge battery packs of different specifications to meet the charging and replacement of battery packs of different specifications for all electric commercial vehicles. Moreover, the charging and swapping station adopts unmanned operation, standardized construction, low investment cost, low management cost and short construction period. In this way, as long as a standardized unmanned charging and swapping station is built in the whole country, with a large number and coverage of the entire road network, the problem of converting commercial vehicles from oil to electricity can be solved, and electric commercial vehicles can truly be popularized and promoted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quick power exchange system for electric commercial vehicles, which can standardize the battery pack specifications of electric commercial vehicles of different tonnages, and can be replaced by the same set of power exchange equipment, with high replacement efficiency and extremely low cost , easy to promote, so as to solve the current problem of the difficulty of popularizing electric commercial vehicles.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle, including an electric commercial vehicle with a replaceable battery pack and a box-type power exchange station, characterized in that:

The bottom of the girder of the electric commercial vehicle is provided with a horizontal battery compartment, one end of which is provided with a compartment door, and the other end wall opposite to the compartment door is provided with a connection socket for docking with the plug provided at the front end of the battery pack; and the interior of the battery compartment is provided with a connection socket. There are rails in the warehouse, and the battery pack is provided with rollers or sliders that match the rails in the warehouse;

The battery pack, in the shape of a cuboid, is made into multiple sizes according to the weight of electric commercial vehicles, and corresponds to battery compartments of different sizes;

The box-type power exchange station includes a power exchange trolley and a box, including:

The battery-changing trolley includes a base with a walking mechanism and a lifting frame driven by a lifting mechanism arranged on the base. A battery pack push-pull mechanism that moves the battery pack along the rack rail to enter and exit the battery compartment. This battery pack push-pull mechanism includes a first translational drive mechanism and a translational block driven by it. The translational block and the bottom of the end of the battery pack are designed to be embedded Connected keyway structure;

Two charging stands are fixed in the box, and the opposite surfaces of the two charging stands are provided with a single column of cells, and at least one of the cells is provided with a charging pile, the charging pile includes a bracket and a set on the bracket. The upper horizontal pile track for the battery pack to slide, the pile track is also matched with the rollers or sliders on the battery pack, and the plug-in panel at the end of the pile track is provided with a charging socket docking with the plug on the battery pack; the box body There are entrances and exits for battery swapping trolleys and entrances and exits for maintenance personnel;

It also includes a conveying mechanism for the battery-changing trolley, which includes a conveying stand fixed in the box and located between two charging stands, a hoisting mechanism arranged on the conveying stand, and a lifting platform driven and lifted by the hoisting mechanism. It is used to carry the battery-changing trolley and transport it to the cell location where each charging pile is located.

In the design of the present invention, the charging piles can be individually designed corresponding to battery packs of various sizes; and for battery packs of different sizes, it is necessary to use a battery-changing trolley to transport them to the corresponding charging piles for charging. Of course, in further design concepts, the present invention has the following more convenient design considerations:

The charging pile is an adaptable charging pile for different sizes of battery packs. The length of the pile track is designed to be at least suitable for the battery pack of the largest size specification, and the plug on the plug panel at the end of the pile track is provided with the same size and specifications as the plugs on the battery packs. A dockable charging socket; and a telescopic frame is connected to the lifting frame through the second translation drive mechanism, and the battery pack push-pull mechanism is arranged on the telescopic frame, and the telescopic frame is used to extend the conveying length of battery packs of various sizes. So that the battery pack can be sent to the end of the pile track to be plugged into the charging socket.

Alternatively, in another concept, the charging pile is still a battery pack adaptable charging pile with different sizes and specifications, and the pile track is a retractable track to accommodate battery packs of different sizes and specifications, and at the same time, it is convenient for docking with the rack rail on the lifting frame.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the telescopic frame is provided with a plurality of guide rods along the movement direction of the telescopic frame, and the lift frame is provided with a guide sleeve matched with the guide rods. The translational stability of the telescopic frame is further improved by the cooperation of the guide rod and the guide sleeve.

What needs to be explained about the above-mentioned all-battery pack-adaptive charging pile is that its charging socket has the position and number of battery pack connectors that are suitable for multiple specifications, and can be applied to battery packs of multiple sizes and specifications. For example, there are a total of four charging sockets on the plug-in panel at the end of the pile track, corresponding to the four side-by-side plugs on the battery pack of the largest size. For smaller battery packs, there are only two plugs on them, but they can still be paired with the two charging sockets in the middle of the plug-in panel at the end of the pile track.

Further, in the present invention, the bottom of one end of the battery compartment door is provided with a notch for connecting the translation block to the keyway structure of the battery pack. Of course, the design of the notch is only a preferred structural form. In actual operation, the bottom of the battery compartment is set short, so that the front end of the battery pack protrudes from the bottom, and the key groove structure of the battery pack and the translation block can also be fitted and connected.

Furthermore, the keyway structures in the present invention are various, and one of the common forms includes an upward convex key provided on the translation block, and a connecting recess provided at the bottom of the end of the battery pack to cooperate with the convex key. groove. Alternatively, the key groove structure may also be a groove provided on the translation block, which is fitted with a connecting protrusion provided on the bottom of the end of the battery pack.

Further, in the present invention, the lifting frame is provided with a plurality of positioning and docking protrusions, which are used for one-to-one correspondence with the storage positioning grooves or storage positioning holes provided at the bottom of the battery storage compartment of the electric commercial vehicle to position the lifting frame; Similarly, the positioning and docking protrusions are also used for one-to-one correspondence with the pile positioning holes or pile positioning grooves provided at the bottom of the bracket of the charging pile to position the lifting frame. In the actual power exchange process, considering the existence of the reaction force, the power exchange trolley will also move while transporting the battery pack, so that the battery pack cannot be stably and reliably sent into the battery compartment of the electric commercial vehicle. After adding the above-mentioned matching structure of the positioning and docking protrusions and the bin positioning grooves or the bin positioning holes, the reaction force can be eliminated, and the battery-changing trolley can be more stable. Similarly, in the process of transferring the battery pack to the charging pile for charging by the battery-changing trolley, the battery-changing trolley also needs to be firmly positioned with the charging pile.

Further, in the present invention, one end wall of the battery pack is provided with a number of guiding and positioning holes, and the other end wall of the battery compartment opposite to the door is provided with a battery compartment guiding and positioning column corresponding to the guiding and positioning holes one-to-one. , the plug-in panel of the charging pile is also provided with a charging pile guide positioning column corresponding to the guide positioning hole one-to-one;

Alternatively, there are several guiding and positioning posts on one end wall of the battery pack, and the other end wall of the battery compartment opposite to the compartment door is provided with battery compartment guiding and positioning holes corresponding to the guiding and positioning posts one-to-one. The panel is also provided with charging pile guiding and positioning holes corresponding to the guiding and positioning columns one-to-one. The above design makes the connection alignment between the plug on the battery pack and the connection socket in the battery compartment or the charging socket on the charging pile more accurate and reliable.

Further, the compartment door of the battery compartment in the present invention is located on the side of the electric commercial vehicle.

Further, the walking mechanism of the battery-swapping trolley in the present invention is a universal traveling mobile platform with an AI artificial intelligence path-finding function.

Further, in the present invention, the lifting mechanism is an electric lifting mechanism, such as a common worm gear elevator driven by a servo motor, or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanism; and the first translation drive mechanism is an electric screw, and the frame The rails are two T-shaped guide rails arranged in parallel and symmetrical on both sides of the electric lead screw, and the inner rail and the pile rail are also composed of two parallel T-shaped guide rails. Of course, the T-shaped guide rail is only the preferred design form. In fact, it is also possible to design an L-shaped guide rail that is convenient for the rollers to roll. Correspondingly, if the battery pack uses a slider to slide, the rails in the warehouse, the rack track and the pile track are matched with the T-shaped guide rails. The sliding block with T-shaped groove, of course, the matching form of the guide rail and the sliding block is also various.

And it should be noted that the track in the present invention is not limited to the bottom type, but also the top type. For example, the track in the compartment is two parallel T-shaped guide rails installed on the top or side wall of the battery compartment. The corresponding The battery pack is suspended on the guide rail through rollers, and the matching rack and pile rails are also designed to be overhead.

Further, the second translation drive mechanism in the present invention is an electric lead screw.

Further, in order to improve the fixing stability of the battery pack in the battery compartment, the battery compartment in the present invention is provided with several battery pack fastening mechanisms, and the battery pack fastening mechanism includes screws and supports that are driven into the battery compartment. The screw holder for the screw is used to cooperate with the screw hole provided on the surface of the battery pack to fix the battery pack in the battery compartment. During specific implementation, the screw holes may be provided on the bottom surface, top surface or side surface of the battery pack, which is not limited in the present invention.

Further, in the present invention, the lifting frame is provided with an electric screw loading and unloading device corresponding to the screw. Of course, the electric screw loading and unloading device is in the prior art, and it has been maturely applied to the existing automobile power exchange equipment, and will not be described in detail in the present invention.

Further, in the present invention, at least one of the cells at the bottom of the charging stand is a docking compartment for the battery-changing trolley, and the running mechanism of the battery-changing trolley is an electric running mechanism. Electric car charging interface.

As an efficient and preferred layout form, in the present invention, the box body has an inlet and outlet of the battery-changing trolley opposite to the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism, and the two charging stand are symmetrically located on the left and right of the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism. On both sides, and the cells at the bottom of the two charging stands are the docking cells for the battery-changing trolley.

Further, in the present invention, a lifting guide mechanism is installed between the lifting platform and the conveying stand. In a specific embodiment, a plurality of guide rollers are arranged around the lifting platform, and the conveying stand is provided with guide rails for the guide rollers to roll, or a guide sleeve can be fixed around the lifting platform, and the same guide is arranged on the conveying stand. The purpose of the matching guide rod is to further ensure the stable lifting of the lifting platform.

Further, in the present invention, the box body corresponding to the two battery-changing trolley docking compartments is additionally provided with a battery-changing trolley inlet and outlet, and the battery-changing efficiency is improved through the design of multiple battery-changing trolley inlets and openings.

The commercial vehicle in the present invention includes all trucks and passenger vehicles with more than 9 seats, such as various trucks, semi-trailer tractors, buses, buses and engineering vehicles.

The overall working principle of the present invention is as follows:

Taking the truck as an example, the size of the battery pack and the size of the corresponding battery compartment are also different when the load capacity is different; The pile track width can be designed to be consistent and fit all sizes of battery pack rollers or sliders for uniform replacement.

According to the truck tonnage of the existing national standard, the battery pack is intended to be made into the following four sizes in the present invention:

When the electric commercial vehicle needs to be replaced, the door of the battery compartment is automatically or manually opened before the entrance and exit of the battery-changing trolley parked in the middle of the box of the box-type power exchange station. The power exchange process is completed by the cooperation of two power exchange trolleys in the box. One is used for unloading, that is, taking out the battery pack from the battery compartment of the electric commercial vehicle, and the other is used for charging, that is, charging the battery into the battery compartment. Good battery pack. Usually, the two battery-changing trolleys are parked in the corresponding battery-changing trolley parking compartments for charging through the battery-changing trolley charging interface.

First, the battery swap trolley for unloading is moved under the battery compartment of the battery commercial vehicle, and the first translation drive mechanism in the battery pack push-pull mechanism drives the translation block to move to the front end, so that the convex key on the translation block is the same as the upper end of the battery pack The connecting grooves on the bottom are opposite. Then, the lifting mechanism on the base of the battery-changing trolley drives the lifting frame to lift until the frame rails on it are aligned with the inner rails of the battery compartment, that is, the docking of the lifting frame and the battery compartment is completed. At the same time, the convex key on the translation block is inserted into the connecting groove at the bottom of the battery pack to complete the matching. At the same time, the positioning and docking protrusions on the lift frame are matched with the bin positioning grooves provided at the bottom of the battery bin of the electric commercial vehicle in a one-to-one correspondence to position the lift frame.

Next, the electric screw loading and unloading device on the lifting frame removes the screws at the bottom of the battery compartment, and loosens the fixed connection between the battery pack and the battery compartment. Then the battery pack push-pull mechanism on the battery swap cart works, pulls the battery pack out of the battery compartment, the battery pack moves along the rails in the compartment and the rack rails in turn, and finally stays on the lift frame, and the lift frame falls back under the drive of the lift mechanism.

At the same time, another battery-changing trolley used for power-loading drives out of the battery-changing trolley parking space to the lift platform, and is transported to the charging pile unit cell where the battery pack matched with the electric commercial vehicle is located through the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism. , take out the charged battery pack and move it to the side of the electric commercial vehicle for standby.

The battery swap car used for unloading the battery needs to carry the battery pack to the empty charging pile unit for charging. Therefore, it also moves to the lifting platform first, and is transported to the empty charging pile unit cell by the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism. Then, under the driving of the lifting mechanism, the lifting frame is lifted so that the frame track on it is aligned with the pile track, that is, the docking of the lifting frame and the charging pile is completed. At the same time, the positioning and docking protrusions on the lifting frame are matched with the pile positioning holes at the bottom of the bracket of the charging pile in a one-to-one correspondence to position the lifting frame.

At this time, if the battery swap cart has a telescopic frame, then according to the length specification of the battery pack, the transmission length of the battery pack can be extended by driving the telescopic frame to extend into the pile track. For example, for battery packs with small length specifications, the telescopic frame needs to extend into the pile track for a certain distance, so as to ensure that the battery pack push-pull mechanism can completely send the battery pack to the end of the pile track and complete the plugging with the charging socket. Of course, the pile track of the charging pile can also be designed as a retractable track to adapt to battery packs of different lengths and specifications, and at the same time to facilitate docking with the rack track on the lifting frame.

On the other hand, the battery-changing trolley with the battery pack on standby next to the electric commercial vehicle runs to the bottom of the battery compartment, lifts the lift frame to connect with the battery compartment, and finally relies on the battery pack push-pull mechanism to push the battery pack on it into the electric commercial vehicle. In the battery compartment of the car, the connection between the plug on the battery pack and the connection socket in the battery compartment is completed, and finally the compartment door is closed to complete the entire battery replacement process.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The power exchange system provided by the present invention is a standardized system with charging and exchanging functions, which includes unified electric commercial vehicle power exchange equipment and battery pack specification design, as well as efficient and fast power exchange trolleys and charging piles , which can meet the unified charging and replacement of battery packs of different specifications for all electric commercial vehicles, and the box-type battery swap station can be fully operated by unmanned. In actual implementation, the construction cost of this standardized box-type power exchange station is extremely low. In this way, as long as a standardized box-type power exchange station is built in the whole country, the problem of replacing commercial vehicle oil with electricity can be solved, and electric commercial vehicles can be popularized and promoted.

2. The battery-changing trolley in the present invention adopts the horizontal plug-and-pull battery-changing method, which improves the overall battery-changing efficiency and has a simple structure. The battery pack push-pull mechanism and the battery pack are designed with a key-slot structure that can be embedded and connected, so the structural improvement of both is very small, especially for the battery pack, the design structure is simple, the cost is low, and the implementation is easy.

3. In the box-type power exchange station of the present invention, the charging piles are placed inside the box body through the charging stand, which can realize the charging of a large number of battery packs of various sizes and specifications by only occupying a small land area. The battery swap cart is lifted so that it can reach the cell where each charging pile is located, which fully improves the battery swap efficiency. In addition, the bottom of the charging stand is also designed with a docking compartment for charging when the battery-changing trolley is parked, so as to improve the working battery life of the battery-changing trolley.

4. The main structure of the box-type power exchange station in the present invention adopts a box-type structure, which is compact in structure and occupies a small area. After assembly, it can be directly transported to the required occasion for layout, and put into use immediately, covering a large number of original inconvenient construction and replacement. The location of the power station greatly meets the current charging and swapping needs of electric commercial vehicles.

5. In a further design scheme of the present invention, the charging piles are designed as battery pack adaptable charging piles of different sizes and specifications, and the corresponding battery swap trolley is designed with a telescopic frame for transporting battery packs of various specifications and docking with the charging piles, which further simplifies the design. The equipment configuration of the charging station has been improved to ensure that a single set of battery swap carts and charging piles can be used to perform fast and efficient battery swap operations for various specifications of battery packs, which greatly improves the convenience and further ensures the battery pack specifications of electric commercial vehicles. Unified, convenient and better implementation of power exchange operations, and the implementation cost is extremely low.

6. The whole system of the present invention can fully realize the automatic power exchange of 1-49 ton full-size electric commercial vehicles, and the battery pack can be replaced in a few minutes under normal circumstances, thereby solving the problem of battery life.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further described:

1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention (box perspective);

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of the battery pack in FIG. 1;

Figure 3 is a bottom view of the battery pack;

Figure 4 is a front view of the plug end of the battery pack;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of the battery compartment in FIG. 1 (the compartment door is open);

Figure 6 is a bottom view of the battery compartment;

Fig. 7 is the front view of the compartment door of the battery compartment (the compartment door is opened);

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of the battery-swapping trolley in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the battery swap trolley;

Figure 10 is a front view of the battery swap car;

FIG. 11 is a front view of the internal structure of the box in FIG. 1 (perspective of the box);

Figure 12 is a top view of the internal structure of the box (perspective of the box);

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of the charging pile in FIG. 1;

Figure 14 is a top view of the charging pile;

Figure 15 is a front view of the charging pile;

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the working state change of a battery pack of one specification being transported by a battery swap trolley to a charging pile;

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the working state change of the battery pack of another specification being transported by the battery-changing trolley to the charging pile.

Among them: 1. electric commercial vehicle; 2. battery pack; 201, plug; 202, roller; 203, connecting groove; 204, guide positioning hole; 205, screw hole; 3, battery compartment; 301, warehouse door; 302, Connection socket; 303, rail in the warehouse; 304, positioning groove in the warehouse; 305, guide positioning column for the battery compartment; 306, notch; 404, frame track; 405, first translational drive mechanism; 406, translational block; 406a, convex key; 407, second translational drive mechanism; 408, telescopic frame; 409, guide rod; 410, guide Set; 5. Charging pile; 501, bracket; 501a, pile positioning hole; 502, pile track; 503, plug panel; 504, charging socket; 505, charging pile guide positioning column; 6, screw; 7, screw frame; 8. Electric screw loading and unloading device; 9. Box body; 9a. The inlet and outlet of the battery-changing trolley; 9b, The inlet and outlet of the maintenance personnel; 10. The charging stand; 10a, the unit cell; 11, the conveying stand; 12, the lifting mechanism; Lifting platform; 14. Charging interface for battery swapping trolley.

Detailed ways

Embodiment: The following is a detailed description of the quick power exchange system of this electric commercial vehicle provided by the present invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15 :

First, as shown in FIG. 1 , from an overall perspective, the present invention consists of an electric commercial vehicle 1 with a replaceable battery pack 2 , a battery compartment 3 arranged on the electric commercial vehicle 1 to accommodate the battery pack 2 , and a box-type power exchange station. The swap station is further composed of a battery swap trolley 4, a box body 9, a charging stand 10, a charging pile 5 and a battery swap trolley conveying mechanism.

The electric commercial vehicle 1 mentioned in the present invention has no improvement in its power drive part, and only the battery compartment 3 and its placement form, and the supporting battery pack 2 are improved.

First, the battery pack 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 . The battery pack 2 in the present invention is designed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is made into multiple sizes according to the different load capacities of the electric commercial vehicle 1 , and corresponds to battery compartments of different sizes and specifications. 3. For example, the electric commercial vehicle 1 exemplified in this embodiment is a conventional electric container semi-trailer tractor with a total mass of 49 tons, and the size of the corresponding battery pack 2 is 2150x2000x400, in mm .

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , two rows of rollers 202 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the battery pack 2 along the center line with respect to the longitudinal direction thereof. At the same time, the front wall of the battery pack 2 is provided with four plugs 201 side by side, which are used to cooperate with the connection socket 302 in the battery compartment 3 and the charging socket 504 on the charging pile 5 mentioned below. At the same time, the end wall of the battery pack 2 is also provided with two guiding and positioning holes 204 for cooperating with the corresponding structures provided on the battery compartment 3 and the charging pile 5 to realize the guiding and positioning function. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the battery pack 2 is provided with a connecting groove 203 in the middle position of the bottom near the end wall. At the same time, the bottom of the battery pack 2 is also provided with two left-right symmetrical screw holes 205 with respect to the connection groove 203 , which are used for cooperating with the screws 6 to fix the battery pack 2 into the battery compartment 3 .

1, 5 to 7, the electric commercial vehicle 1 in this embodiment is provided with a horizontal battery compartment 3 at the bottom of the girder of the front of the vehicle, and one end of the battery compartment 3 is provided with an electric The vehicle 1 controls the opened compartment door 301 , and in order to facilitate loading and unloading of the battery pack 2 , the compartment door 301 is located on the side of the electric commercial vehicle 1 . The other end wall opposite to the warehouse door 301 is provided with four side-by-side connection sockets 302 that are docked with the plug 201 provided on the battery pack 2 . A correspondingly matched battery compartment guides positioning posts 305 , as shown in FIG. 7 . And the battery compartment 3 is provided with two parallel inner rails 303 , which cooperate with the two rows of rollers 202 on the battery pack 2 .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the battery compartment 3 is provided with two battery pack fastening mechanisms on the bottom surface near the end of the compartment door 301 . The screw frame 7 supporting the screw 6 is milled with a stepped surface on the inner circumference of the screw frame 7 to place the head of the screw 6 to prevent the screw 6 from falling. The screw 6 is matched with the aforementioned screw hole 205 on the bottom surface of the battery pack 2 to fix the battery pack in the battery compartment 3 .

In addition, the battery compartment 3 is further provided with a notch 306 and two compartment positioning grooves 304 on the bottom surface close to the end of the compartment door 301 . These structures are all related to the battery swap cart 4 and will be described below.

With reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 , the battery swap trolley 4 in this embodiment has a base 401 provided with a traveling mechanism and a lift frame 403 driven and lifted by a lift mechanism 402 set on the base 401 . The lift frame 403 is provided with the same The rack rail 404 matched with the roller 202 of the battery pack 2, the lift rack 403 is connected with a telescopic rack 408 via the second translation drive mechanism 407, and the telescopic rack 408 is provided with a rack for pushing and pulling the battery pack 2 along the rack rail 404 to enter and exit the battery compartment 3. Battery pack push-pull mechanism, this battery pack push-pull mechanism includes a first translation drive mechanism 405 and a translation block 406 driven by it. The translation block 406 and the bottom of the end of the battery pack 2 are designed with a key groove structure that can be fitted and connected. The telescopic frame 408 is used to extend the conveying length of the battery packs 2 of various sizes, so that the battery packs 2 can be sent to the end of the pile track 502 to be plugged into the charging socket 504 , which will be described in detail later.

The lifting mechanism 402 in this embodiment adopts four electric lifting mechanisms. The first translational drive mechanism 405 and the second translational drive mechanism 407 are both electric lead screws, and the electric lead screws are in the prior art, and their specific structures will not be described in detail. For the first translational drive mechanism 405, the translational mechanism is a translation block 406. The translation block 406 is integrally formed with an upward convex key 406a, which is exactly the same as that set at the bottom of the end of the battery pack 2 as shown in FIG. 3 . The connection groove 203 is matched and connected so as to be able to drive the battery pack 2 to move. The notches 306 provided on the aforementioned battery compartment 3 are for the convenience of cooperation between the protruding keys 406 a and the connecting grooves 203 . For the second translation drive mechanism 407, the translation mechanism is the telescopic frame 408. In order to improve the movement stability of the telescopic frame 408, we further arrange two guide rods on the telescopic frame 408 along the movement direction of the telescopic frame 408. 409 , as shown in FIG. 8 , the lifting frame 403 is provided with a guide sleeve 410 matched with the guide rod 409 .

In this embodiment, the walking mechanism on the base 401 adopts the currently mature universal traveling mobile platform with AI artificial intelligence pathfinding function, which can realize relatively accurate fixed-point displacement.

In this embodiment, the front part of the lifting frame 403 is provided with two positioning and docking protrusions 403a, which are used for the aforementioned compartment positioning grooves 304 (as shown in FIG. 6 ) provided at the bottom of the battery compartment 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 one by one. The lifting frame 403 is positioned by the corresponding cooperation to prevent the displacement of the battery-changing trolley 4 caused by the reaction force generated during the battery-changing process. At the same time, the lifting frame 403 is provided with two electric screw mounting and dismounting devices 8 for correspondingly mounting and dismounting the screws 6 (as shown in FIG. 6 ) at the bottom of the battery compartment 3 .

The box body 9 and the internal components in this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12:

In this embodiment, the box body 9 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and is composed of an outer box wall and a frame supporting the box wall. Two charging stands 10 are fixed inside the box body 9 . On the opposite surfaces of the two charging stands 10 , five cells 10 a are arranged in a vertical row from bottom to top, and except for the bottom cell 10 a , the four upper cells 10 a are provided with charging piles 5 . . A battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism is set in the middle of the two charging stands 10. This mechanism consists of a conveying stand 11 fixed in the box 9 and located between the two charging stands 10, The hoisting mechanism 12 and the lifting platform 13 driven and lifted by the hoisting mechanism 12 are constituted, and are used to carry the battery-swap trolley 4 and transport it to the position of the cell 10a where each charging pile 5 is located. The hoisting mechanism 12 adopts a hoist driven by a servo motor.

In this embodiment, a lifting guide mechanism is installed between the lifting platform 13 and the conveying stand 11, that is, a plurality of guide rollers (not marked in the figure) are arranged around the lifting platform 13, and the conveying stand 11 is provided with a guide roller for guiding Roller guide rail (not marked in the figure).

In this embodiment, the box body 9 is provided with three inlets and openings 9a for the battery-changing trolley, and the two charging stands 10 are symmetrically located on the left and right sides of the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism, as shown in FIGS. 1 , 11 and 12 . . The cells 10a at the bottoms of the two charging stands 10 are all docking cells for battery-changing trolleys, and each of them is docked with a battery-changing trolley 4 . In addition, a battery-changing trolley charging interface 14 for charging the battery-changing trolley 4 is provided inside the battery-changing trolley parking compartment. The three battery-changing trolley inlets 9a are respectively arranged opposite to the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism and the two battery-changing trolley parking compartments, and there are maintenance personnel inlets 9b on both sides of the box 9, as shown in FIG. 1 . And as a box-type power exchange station, there is obviously a power supply (omitted in the figure) for supplying power to the charging pile 5 and the charging interface 14 of the battery-swapping trolley inside or outside the box body 9 .

The charging pile 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15 . The charging pile 5 is composed of a bracket 501 , a pile track 502 arranged on the bracket 501 for sliding the battery pack 2 , and a connector connected to the end of the pile track 502 . The panels 503 are formed together. The pile rails 502 are two parallel, and also cooperate with the rollers 202 on the battery pack 2 . The plug panel 503 at the end of the pile rails 502 is provided with four side by side charging sockets 504 docked with the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 . At the same time, the plug-in panel 503 is also provided with charging pile guiding and positioning posts 505 corresponding to the two guiding and positioning holes 204 on the battery pack 2 in a one-to-one manner for guiding and positioning the battery pack 2 when it is inserted.

And as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 , the bracket 501 is provided with two pile positioning holes 501a, which are used to cooperate with the positioning and docking protrusions 403a on the lifting frame 403 of the battery-changing trolley 4, so that the charging pile 5 can pair the battery-changing trolley. 4 Implement positioning.

In this embodiment, the rack rails 404 are two T-shaped guide rails disposed on both sides of the first translation drive mechanism 405 in parallel and symmetrical, and the inner rail 303 and the pile rail 502 are also composed of two parallel T-shaped guide rails , which are matched with the two rows of rollers 202 at the bottom of the battery pack 2 .

In addition, it should be pointed out that the charging pile 5 in this embodiment is a battery pack adaptable charging pile of different sizes, and the length of the pile track 502 is designed to at least adapt to the battery pack 2 of the largest size specification, and the connection at the end of the pile track 502 is designed. The charging socket 504 on the plug-in panel 503 can also be docked with the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 of each size specification, which will be described with reference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 .

As shown in FIG. 16 , the battery pack 2 with a size of 2150mmx2000mmx400mm is transported to the charging pile 5 by the battery swap trolley 4 for charging. As can be seen from the figure, the length of the pile track 502 is just suitable for the battery pack of this size. After the convex key 406a on the battery swap cart 4 is matched with the connecting groove 203 on the battery pack 2, driven by the first translation drive mechanism 405, the battery pack 2 moves along the rack track 404 to the pile track 502 until it is pushed in At the bottom, the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 is connected with the charging socket 504 on the plug panel 503. During this process, the second translation drive mechanism 407 does not work, and the telescopic frame 408 does not move.

As shown in FIG. 17 , when the battery pack 2 (1300mmx1200mmx150mm) with a much smaller size needs to be carried, the telescopic frame 408 is driven by the second translation drive mechanism 407 to move in the direction of the pile track 502, and the extension into the pile track 502 must be The distance is extended to extend the conveying length of the battery pack 2 , and finally, still driven by the first translation drive mechanism 405 , the battery pack 2 is smoothly conveyed in place to complete the plug connection with the charging socket 504 on the plug panel 503 .

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

When the electric commercial vehicle 1 needs to be replaced, the door 301 of the battery compartment 3 is controlled to be opened by the electric commercial vehicle 1 in front of the inlet and outlet 9a of the battery-changing trolley parked in the middle of the box body 9 of the box-type power exchange station. The power exchange process is completed by the cooperation of two power exchange trolleys 4 in the box 9, one is used for unloading, that is, the battery pack 2 in the battery compartment 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 is taken out, and the other is used for charging, that is, Insert the charged battery pack 2 into the battery compartment 3 . Usually, the two battery-changing trolleys 4 are parked in the corresponding battery-changing trolley parking compartments for charging through the battery-changing trolley charging interface 15 .

First, the battery swap trolley 4 for unloading is moved under the battery compartment 3 of the battery commercial vehicle 1 , and the first translation drive mechanism 405 in the battery pack push-pull mechanism drives the translation block 406 to move to the front end, so that the protrusions on the translation block 406 are moved to the front. The key 406a is opposite to the connecting groove 203 at the bottom of the upper end of the battery pack 2 . Subsequently, the lifting mechanism 402 on the base of the battery swap trolley 4 drives the lifting frame 403 to lift until the frame rail 404 on it is aligned with the inner rail 303 of the battery compartment 3 , that is, the docking of the lifting frame 403 and the battery compartment 3 is completed. At the same time, the convex key 406a on the translation block 406 is inserted into the connecting groove 203 at the bottom of the battery pack 2 to complete the mating. At the same time, the positioning and docking protrusions 403a on the lift frame 403 are matched with the compartment positioning grooves 304 provided at the bottom of the battery compartment 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 in a one-to-one correspondence to position the lift frame 403 .

Next, the electric screw mounting and dismounting device 8 on the lifting frame 403 removes the screws 6 at the bottom of the battery compartment 3 , and releases the fixed connection between the battery pack 2 and the battery compartment 3 . Then the battery pack push-pull mechanism on the battery swap trolley 4 works, pulls the battery pack 2 out of the battery compartment 3, the battery pack 2 moves along the rail 303 and the rack rail 404 in the compartment in turn, and finally stays on the lift frame 403, the lift frame 403 Driven by the lifting mechanism 402, it falls back.

At the same time, another battery-changing trolley 4 used for charging the battery drives out of the battery-changing trolley parking compartment, goes to the lifting platform 13, and is transported to the battery pack 2 matched with the electric commercial vehicle 1 through the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism for charging. At the 5th cell of the pile, take out the charged battery pack 2 and move it to the side of the electric commercial vehicle 1 for standby.

The battery swap trolley 4 used for unloading in the front needs to carry the battery pack 2 to the empty charging pile 5 for charging. Therefore, it also moves to the lift platform 13 first, and is transported to the empty charging pile 5 unit cell by the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism. Then, under the driving of the lifting mechanism 402 , the lifting frame 403 is lifted so that the frame rail 404 on it is aligned with the pile rail 502 , that is, the docking of the lifting frame 403 and the charging pile 5 is completed. At the same time, the positioning and docking protrusions 403 a on the lifting frame 403 are matched with the pile positioning holes 501 a at the bottom of the bracket 501 of the charging pile 5 in a one-to-one correspondence to position the lifting frame 403 .

At this time, if the battery swap cart 4 is provided with a telescopic frame 408, then according to the length specification of the battery pack 2, the transmission length of the battery pack 2 can be extended by driving the telescopic frame 408 to extend into the pile track 502, thereby ensuring the push-pull mechanism of the battery pack. The battery pack 2 can be completely sent to the end of the pile track 502 to be plugged into the charging socket 504 .

On the other hand, the battery swap trolley 4 with the battery pack 2 on standby next to the electric commercial vehicle 1 runs to the bottom of the battery compartment 3, lifts the lift frame 403 to connect with the battery compartment 3, and finally relies on the battery pack push-pull mechanism to move the battery pack 4 on it. The battery pack 2 is pushed into the battery compartment 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 to complete the connection between the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 and the connecting socket 302 in the battery compartment 3, and finally the compartment door 301 is closed to complete the entire battery swapping process.

Of course, the above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those who are familiar with the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention by this. All modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the main technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle, comprising an electric commercial vehicle (1) with a replaceable battery pack (2) and a box-type power exchange station, characterized in that:

The bottom of the frame of the electric commercial vehicle (1) is provided with a horizontal battery compartment (3), one end of which is provided with a compartment door (301), and the other end wall opposite to the compartment door (301) is provided with the same battery pack (2) The plug (201) provided at the front end is provided with a connection socket (302); and the battery compartment (3) is provided with an inner rail (303), and the battery pack (2) is provided with a matching inner rail (303). Roller (202) or slider;

The battery pack (2) is in the shape of a cuboid, and is made into multiple sizes according to the different load capacities of the electric commercial vehicle (1), and corresponds to battery compartments (3) of different sizes;

The box-type power exchange station includes a power exchange trolley (4) and a box body (9), wherein:

The battery-changing trolley (4) includes a base (401) provided with a traveling mechanism, and a lift frame (403) driven to lift and lower by a lift mechanism (402) arranged on the base (401), and the lift frame (403) is provided with the same The rollers (202) of the battery pack (2) or the rack rails (404) matched with the sliders are provided on the lift rack (403) for pushing and pulling the battery pack (2) along the rack rails (404) to move in and out of the battery compartment (3) The battery pack push-pull mechanism includes a first translational drive mechanism (405) and a translational block (406) driven by it. The translational block (406) and the bottom of the end of the battery pack (2) are designed to be embedded Equipped with connected keyway structure;

Two charging stands (10) are fixed in the box body (9), and opposite surfaces of the two charging stands (10) are provided with a single column of cells (10a), and at least one cell (10a) ) is provided with a charging pile (5), the charging pile (5) includes a bracket (501) and a pile track (502) arranged on the bracket (501) horizontally for the battery pack (2) to slide. The pile track (502) 502) is also matched with the roller (202) or the slider on the battery pack (2), and the plug-in panel (503) at the end of the pile track (502) is provided with a connector for docking with the plug (201) on the battery pack (2). A charging socket (504); the box body (9) is provided with an inlet and outlet (9a) for a battery-changing trolley and an inlet and outlet for maintenance personnel (9b);

It also includes a conveying mechanism for the battery-changing trolley, which includes a conveying stand (11) fixed in the box body (9) and located between the two charging stand (10), and a hoisting stand arranged on the conveying stand (11) The mechanism (12) and the lifting platform (13) driven and lifted by the lifting mechanism (12) are used for carrying the battery-changing trolley (4) and transporting it to the position of the cell (10a) where each charging pile (5) is located.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging pile (5) is a battery pack adaptable charging pile of different sizes and specifications, and the length of the pile track (502) is designed to at least adapt to the maximum A battery pack (2) of a size specification, and a charging socket (504) that can be docked with the plug (201) on the battery pack (2) of each size specification is provided on the plug-in panel (503) at the end of the pile track (502) and the lifting frame (403) is connected with a telescopic frame (408) via the second translation drive mechanism (407), and the battery pack push-pull mechanism is arranged on the telescopic frame (408), and the telescopic frame (408) is used for The conveying length of the battery packs (2) of various sizes and specifications is extended, so that the battery packs (2) can be sent to the end of the pile track (502) to complete the plug-in connection with the charging socket (504).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the telescopic frame (408) is provided with a plurality of guide rods (409) along the movement direction of the telescopic frame (408), and the lifting frame (403) There is a guide sleeve (410) matched with the guide rod (409).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the charging pile (5) is a battery pack adaptable charging pile of different sizes and specifications, and the pile track (502) is a retractable track to adapt to different sizes and specifications. The battery pack (2) of the size specification is convenient for docking with the rack rail (404) on the lifting rack (403).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of one end of the battery compartment (3) where the compartment door (301) is provided is provided with a switch for the translation block (406) and the battery pack (2). The keyway structure fits into the connected recesses (306).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the keyway structure comprises an upward convex key (406a) provided on the translation block (406), and a convex key (406a) provided on the translation block (406). A connecting groove (203) at the bottom of the end of the battery pack (2) matched with the protruding key (406); or the keyway structure includes a groove provided on the translation block (406), and a groove provided on the battery pack (406). 2) The connecting protrusion at the bottom of the end that matches the groove.
The quick battery swap system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting frame (403) is provided with a plurality of positioning and docking protrusions (403a) for connecting with the battery compartment of the electric commercial vehicle (1). (3) The bin positioning grooves (304) or bin positioning holes provided at the bottom are matched in one-to-one correspondence to position the lifting frame (403); similarly, the positioning docking protrusions (403a) are also used for the same charging pile (5). The pile positioning holes (501a) or pile positioning grooves provided at the bottom of the bracket (501) are matched in one-to-one correspondence to position the lifting frame (403).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of guiding and positioning holes (204) are provided on one end wall of the battery pack (2), and the inside of the battery compartment (3) is connected with the compartment door ( 301) The opposite end wall is provided with a battery compartment guide positioning column (305) corresponding to the guide positioning hole (204) one-to-one. Similarly, the plug panel (503) of the charging pile (5) is also provided with the same guide. The positioning holes (204) correspond one-to-one to the charging pile guiding positioning columns (505);

Alternatively, one end wall of the battery pack (2) is provided with a plurality of guiding and positioning posts, and the other end wall of the battery compartment (3) opposite to the compartment door (301) is provided with a battery compartment guiding and positioning that corresponds to the guiding and positioning posts one-to-one Similarly, the plug-in panel (503) of the charging pile (5) is also provided with charging pile guiding and positioning holes corresponding to the guiding and positioning posts one-to-one.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the compartment door (301) of the battery compartment (3) is located on the side of the electric commercial vehicle (1).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the running mechanism of the power exchange trolley (4) is a universal traveling mobile platform with an AI artificial intelligence path finding function.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting mechanism (402) is an electric lifting mechanism, or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanism; and the first translation drive mechanism (405) It is an electric screw, the frame track (404) is two T-shaped guide rails arranged in parallel and symmetrical on both sides of the electric screw, and the rail in the warehouse (303) and the pile track (502) are also composed of two parallel rails. of T-shaped guide rails.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the second translational drive mechanism (407) is an electric lead screw.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery compartment (3) is provided with a plurality of battery pack fastening mechanisms, and the battery pack fastening mechanisms include nailing into the battery compartment (3). ) and the screw holder (7) supporting the screw (6), the screw (6) is used to cooperate with the screw hole (205) on the surface of the battery pack (2) to fix the battery pack on the battery pack (2). in warehouse (3).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that the lifting frame (403) is provided with an electric screw loading and unloading device (8) corresponding to the screw (6).
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the cells at the bottom of the charging stand (10) is a parking cell for the power exchange trolley, and the running mechanism of the power exchange trolley (4) is In the electric traveling mechanism, a battery-changing trolley charging interface (14) for charging the electric traveling mechanism is arranged inside the docking compartment of the battery-changing trolley.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 15, characterized in that the box body (9) is provided with an inlet and outlet (9a) of the power exchange cart opposite to the power exchange cart conveying mechanism, and the two charging The stand (10) is symmetrically located on the left and right sides of the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism, and the cells at the bottom of the two charging stands (10) are the parking spaces for the battery-changing trolley.
The quick power exchange system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a lift guide mechanism is installed between the lift platform (13) and the conveying stand (11).
The quick battery swapping system for an electric commercial vehicle according to claim 16, characterized in that the box (9) is provided with an inlet and outlet (9a) for the battery swapping trolley corresponding to the two battery swapping trolley parking compartments respectively. .