CN112319201A

CN112319201A - Battery pack of electric commercial vehicle, charging pile matched with battery pack and battery replacing trolley

Info

Publication number: CN112319201A
Application number: CN202011337278.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈维加
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-25
Filing date: 2020-11-25
Publication date: 2021-02-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack of an electric commercial vehicle, which is cuboid, is manufactured into a plurality of sizes according to different carrying capacities of the electric commercial vehicle, and is matched with a battery bin with the corresponding size on the electric commercial vehicle; the battery pack is characterized in that a plug is arranged on the wall surface of the front end of the battery pack, and a connecting groove or a connecting bulge which is convenient to drag is arranged on the wall surface of the bottom of the battery pack, which is close to the tail end; meanwhile, the surface of the battery pack is provided with a plurality of rows of rollers or sliding blocks, and the bottom surface of the battery pack is also provided with a plurality of screw holes for matching with screws to be fixed in the battery bin; and the front end wall surface of the battery pack is also provided with a plurality of guide positioning holes or guide positioning columns. The invention also discloses a charging pile and a battery replacing trolley which are matched with the battery pack for use, so that the transverse plugging and unplugging of the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle can be realized, the efficiency is improved, the standardization and unification of battery replacing of battery packs with different specifications are facilitated, and the problem that the electric commercial vehicle cannot be popularized can be solved.

Description

Battery pack of electric commercial vehicle, charging pile matched with battery pack and battery replacing trolley

Technical Field

The invention relates to a battery pack of an electric commercial vehicle, a charging pile matched with the battery pack and a battery replacing trolley.

Background

The change of automobile oil into electricity is a major strategic policy of the nation for reducing a large amount of oil imports and an important national policy of energy conservation, emission reduction and green development. Compared with the traditional automobile, the electric automobile can realize zero emission in the driving process, has low noise and has far lower driving cost than the traditional automobile. Through years of efforts, the change of oil to electricity of buses in China is steadily promoted, and electric household small-sized vehicles are rapidly developed.

Although the state has come out of a plurality of electric automobile supporting policies and electric automobiles also have a plurality of advantages, the electric automobiles still cannot be popularized comprehensively, and the fundamental reason for restricting the comprehensive popularization of the electric automobiles is that the electric automobiles have fatal weaknesses: the driving mileage is short, and the charging time is long. The technical development bottleneck of the current battery pack is broken away, and the key points are finally attributed to the charging problem. At present, the electric cars have two modes: and charging and replacing the battery. Problem with charging mode: the fuel oil vehicle is fully charged for 2 hours on the premise of ensuring the service life of the battery according to the current battery technology, which is the most fundamental problem that the electric vehicle cannot replace the fuel oil vehicle; the battery replacement mode can replace the battery quickly, but has the problems of multiple battery specifications, large capacity difference, complex battery replacement equipment, high cost and non-uniform specification, so that the battery replacement mode cannot be popularized and applied.

Commercial vehicles are vehicles for transporting people and goods in terms of design and technical features. Commercial vehicles include all trucks and passenger cars with more than 9 seats, such as various trucks, semi-tractors, buses, engineering vehicles and the like, and belong to the category of commercial vehicles. From the technical architecture, the device comprises a girder, a power system, a running system and a steering system.

Compared with the household small-sized vehicle, the problem of electrically driving the commercial vehicle which accounts for 12.13% of the motor vehicle holding capacity but accounts for more than 48.14% of the pollution emission of the motor vehicle is more prominent because of the following aspects:

1) on the premise of the prior battery technology, the fully charged running mileage of the battery reasonably configured by the current electric commercial vehicle is about 300km-400km by considering the factors of the weight, the volume, the price and the like of the battery, and if two hours are needed for charging every time, the freight industry is not acceptable for transport vehicles.

2) The adoption fills electric pile and directly fills to on-vehicle battery package and need occupy a parking stall for a long time, and as is known, the space that commercial car itself occupy all will be far more than ordinary domestic small-size car, hardly builds and popularizes like the charging station of domestic small-size car in a large number, leads to the demand of charging of electronic commercial car to realize hardly.

3) For a commercial vehicle with a large tonnage, if the same charging mode as that of the existing electric household small vehicle is adopted, the electric quantity of the electric commercial vehicle is larger, the charging current is also larger, compared with the situation that the driving range of the electric household small vehicle is 400 kilometers, the battery pack capacity of the electric household small vehicle is 10 times that of the electric household small vehicle, the charging current is 10 times that of the electric household small vehicle, the electric household small vehicle is charged by using the existing national standard direct current charging gun, and at least 6 charging guns can meet the requirement under the same charging time. This has greatly increased the charging station construction investment of commercial car, and the actual operation is also very troublesome. These have all limited the popularity and spread of electric commercial vehicles to a great extent.

In order to solve the problem of changing oil into electricity of the commercial vehicle, the only current solution is to adopt an electricity changing mode. Of course, even if the battery replacement mode is adopted, the following problems need to be solved:

in order to solve the problem of oil-to-electricity conversion of a commercial vehicle, the only solution at present is to adopt an electricity conversion mode, but the battery pack bin space design based on the electric commercial vehicle and the application of an electricity conversion station technology are still in a starting stage at home and are not mature. At present, the battery pack is arranged in a battery bin at the bottom of a vehicle and is assembled and disassembled in the vertical direction, the vehicle body needs to be lifted when the battery pack is replaced, the trolley is conveyed to the lower part of the vehicle body, and the battery is conveyed out after screws of the battery pack are unscrewed and disassembled, so that the consumed time is long. The electric commercial vehicle is not convenient to lift due to the heavy vehicle body, so that the battery replacement mode is generally not used.

The existing electric truck battery replacement mode is mainly characterized in that a battery pack is arranged above a connecting frame at the rear part of a truck head and is longitudinally inserted into a battery bin, but the battery pack installed in the mode needs to be disassembled and assembled by additionally adopting a hoisting battery replacement device, and the mechanism is complex and troublesome.

In summary, the battery bin design and the corresponding battery replacement equipment of the conventional electric commercial vehicle have complex structures and low loading and unloading efficiency. In addition, most electric commercial vehicles using the battery replacement mode are trucks, the battery replacement equipment is only used for electric commercial vehicles with single specifications, the equipment is complex and expensive, and the battery replacement mode of the commercial vehicles can only be applied in limited areas, such as ports and mines. The general commercial vehicle is 1-49 tons, the design of battery bin positions is various, the specifications of battery packs are also various, and the unified and efficient battery replacement cannot be realized, so the commercial vehicle cannot be popularized and popularized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the utility model provides an electronic commercial car battery package, its can cooperate the electronic commercial car that has transversely traded the electricity to realize the horizontal plug of efficient and change, trade electric efficiency higher, and simple structure, it is convenient to make.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a battery pack of an electric commercial vehicle is cuboid, is manufactured into a plurality of sizes according to different carrying capacities of the electric commercial vehicle, and is matched with a battery bin of the corresponding size on the electric commercial vehicle; the battery pack is characterized in that a plug is arranged on the wall surface of the front end of the battery pack, and a connecting groove or a connecting bulge which is convenient to drag is arranged on the wall surface of the bottom of the battery pack, which is close to the tail end; meanwhile, the surface of the battery pack is provided with a plurality of rows of rollers or sliding blocks, and the surface of the battery pack is also provided with a plurality of screw holes for matching with screws to be fixed in the battery bin; and the front end wall surface of the battery pack is also provided with a plurality of guide positioning holes or guide positioning columns.

The battery pack is applied to an electric commercial vehicle which can transversely change the battery, the corresponding electric commercial vehicle only needs to arrange a transverse battery bin at the bottom of the crossbeam, one end of the battery bin is provided with a bin door, and the other end wall opposite to the bin door is provided with a connecting socket butted with a plug on the battery pack, so that the power supply connection of the battery pack and the vehicle can be completed. Meanwhile, the inside of the battery compartment can be further provided with a roller or a sliding block which is matched with the inner rail of the compartment and the battery pack, so that the battery pack can smoothly enter and exit the battery compartment in a labor-saving manner.

And the end wall of the battery compartment provided with the connecting socket is provided with battery compartment guiding positioning columns which are in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning holes on the battery pack, or the end wall of the battery compartment provided with the connecting socket is provided with battery compartment guiding positioning holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning columns. The connection alignment of the plug on the battery pack and the connection socket in the battery bin is more accurate and reliable due to the design.

Correspondingly, a plurality of battery pack fastening mechanisms are arranged on the battery compartment and comprise screws screwed into the battery compartment and screw frames for supporting the screws, and the screws are used for being matched with screw holes formed in the battery pack to fix the battery pack in the battery compartment. In specific implementation, the screw hole may be disposed on the bottom surface, the top surface or the side surface of the battery pack, but the invention is not limited thereto.

And a notch is arranged at the bottom of one end of the battery compartment, which is provided with the compartment door, corresponding to the connecting groove or the connecting bulge on the battery pack. The design notch is convenient for an external mechanism to drag the battery pack, the notch is only an optimal structural form, and the bottom of the battery bin is shortened in actual operation, so that the front end of the battery pack extends out of the bottom, and the connecting groove at the bottom of the battery pack can be exposed so as to be dragged.

Certainly, except for the actual use of the battery pack, the charging after the battery pack is replaced is also an indispensable link, so another purpose of the scheme is to provide a charging pile matched with the battery pack for the electric commercial vehicle, the charging pile comprises a bracket and a pile track which is arranged on the bracket and transversely slides the battery pack, the pile track is matched with a roller or a sliding block on the battery pack, and a charging socket which is butted with a plug on the battery pack is arranged on a plugging panel at the tail end of the pile track; and meanwhile, the plugging panel of the charging pile is also provided with charging pile guiding positioning columns in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning holes on the battery pack, or the charging pile guiding positioning holes in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning columns on the battery pack.

In the design of the invention, the charging pile can be designed independently corresponding to the battery packs with various dimensions. Of course in a further design concept, the present invention has the following more convenient design considerations:

furthermore, the charging pile is adaptive to the battery packs with different sizes, the length of the pile track is designed to at least adapt to the battery pack with the largest size, and a charging socket which can be in butt joint with the plug on each battery pack with different sizes is arranged on the plugging panel at the end of the pile track.

Or in another concept, the charging pile is adaptive to the battery packs with different sizes, and the pile track is a telescopic track to adapt to the battery packs with different sizes.

It should be explained that the charging socket has the positions and the number of the battery pack connectors suitable for a plurality of specifications, and is suitable for battery packs with a plurality of sizes. For example, a total of four charging sockets on the patch panel at the end of the stake track correspond to four plugs side-by-side on the largest size specification battery pack. For a battery pack with a smaller size, the number of the plugs is only two, but the plugs can still be matched with the two middle charging sockets on the end socket panel of the pile track.

Furthermore, a plurality of pile positioning holes or pile positioning grooves are formed in the position, close to the front end of the pile rail, of the bottom of the support.

For the convenience of the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle to be loaded and unloaded from the battery bin and the charging pile, the scheme also provides a battery replacing trolley matched with the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle for use, the battery replacing trolley comprises a base provided with a walking mechanism and a lifting frame driven to lift by the lifting mechanism arranged on the base, a frame rail matched with a roller or a sliding block of the battery pack is arranged on the lifting frame, a battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism used for pushing and pulling the battery pack to move along the frame rail to get in and out of the battery bin is arranged on the lifting frame, the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism comprises a first translation driving mechanism and a translation block driven by the first translation driving mechanism, an upward convex key is arranged on the translation block and matched with a connecting groove at the bottom of the tail end of the battery pack, or a groove is arranged on.

Meanwhile, the lifting frame is provided with a plurality of positioning butt joint bulges which are used for correspondingly matching with bin positioning grooves or bin positioning holes arranged at the bottom of a battery bin of the electric commercial vehicle one by one so as to position the lifting frame; similarly, the positioning butt joint bulge is also used for correspondingly matching with a pile positioning hole or a pile positioning groove arranged at the bottom of the support of the charging pile one by one so as to position the lifting frame. In the actual battery replacement process, the battery replacement trolley can move when conveying the battery pack in consideration of the existence of a reaction force, so that the battery pack cannot be stably and reliably conveyed into a battery compartment of the electric commercial vehicle. After the matching structure of the positioning butt joint bulge and the bin positioning groove or the bin positioning hole is added, the reaction force can be eliminated, and the battery changing trolley is ensured to be more stable. Similarly, in the process of charging the charging pile by conveying the battery pack to the charging pile through the battery replacing trolley, the battery replacing trolley needs to be stably positioned with the charging pile.

And the lifting frame is also provided with an electric screw assembling and disassembling device corresponding to the screw for fixing the battery pack. Of course, the electric screw assembling and disassembling device is the prior art, and is already applied to the existing automobile battery replacing equipment, and the detailed description is not provided in the invention.

As described above, when the charging post is designed to accommodate different size battery packs, the length of the post rail should be designed to at least accommodate the largest size battery pack, and the plug panel at the end of the post rail is provided with a charging socket capable of being connected with the plug on each size battery pack. In order to meet the electricity changing needs of the charging pile, the following design improvements are further made on an electricity changing trolley:

the lifting frame is connected with an expansion frame through a second translation driving mechanism, and the battery pack push-pull mechanism is arranged on the expansion frame; the telescopic frame is used for prolonging the conveying length of each size battery pack, so that the battery pack can be conveyed to the end of the pile rail to be spliced with the charging socket. And a plurality of guide rods are arranged on the telescopic frame along the motion direction of the telescopic frame, and guide sleeves matched with the guide rods are arranged on the lifting frame. The guide rod and the guide sleeve are matched to further improve the translation stability of the telescopic frame.

Furthermore, the traveling mechanism of the battery replacing trolley is a universal traveling moving platform with an AI artificial intelligence path searching function.

Furthermore, the lifting mechanism is an electric lifting mechanism, such as a common worm and gear lifter driven by a servo motor, or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanism; the first translation driving mechanism is an electric screw rod, and the frame rails are two T-shaped guide rails which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the electric screw rod in parallel. In actual design, the frame rail, the pile rail and the in-bin rail can be designed into two parallel T-shaped guide rails and are used for being matched with rollers or sliding blocks below the battery pack in a unified mode. Certainly, the T-shaped guide rail is only an optimal design form, and an L-shaped guide rail which is convenient for rolling of the roller can be designed actually, correspondingly, if the battery pack adopts the slide block to slide, the slide block which is matched with the T-shaped guide rail and is provided with the T-shaped groove is adopted by the inner rail, the frame rail and the pile rail, and the matching forms of the guide rail and the slide block are also various.

It should be noted that the tracks in the present invention are not limited to be bottom-mounted tracks, but may also be top-mounted tracks, for example, the tracks in the battery compartment are two parallel T-shaped tracks installed on the top or the side walls of the battery compartment, and the corresponding battery pack runs on the tracks by being suspended by the rollers, and in match with this, the rack tracks and the pile tracks are also designed to be top-mounted.

The commercial vehicle comprises all trucks and passenger cars with more than 9 seats, such as various heavy trucks, semi-tractors, buses, engineering vehicles and the like.

The overall working principle of the invention is as follows:

taking a truck as an example, if the carrying capacity is different, the size specification of the battery pack and the size specification of the corresponding battery compartment are also different; but the widths of the tracks in the battery compartment, the frame track on the battery replacing trolley and the pile track on the subsequent charging pile can be designed to be consistent, and the battery replacing trolley is adapted to battery pack rollers or sliding blocks with all sizes and specifications so as to implement unified replacement.

According to the tonnage of the truck of the existing national standard, the battery pack is manufactured into the following four dimensions:

	total mass unit ton of truck and cargo	Size (length x width)x height) unit mm
			Battery pack A	49	2150x2000x400
Battery pack B	25	2150x1600x300
			Battery pack C	4.5	1900x1400x200
Battery pack D	2	1300x1200x150

When the electric commercial vehicle needs to change the battery, the vehicle drives into the battery changing station, and the bin door of the battery bin is automatically or manually opened. The battery replacing process can be completed by matching two battery replacing trolleys, one is used for discharging the battery, namely taking out the battery pack in the battery bin of the electric commercial vehicle, and the other is used for charging, namely charging the battery pack which is charged into the battery bin.

Firstly, a power conversion trolley for discharging power moves to the lower part of a battery bin of a battery commercial vehicle, and a first translation driving mechanism in a battery pack push-pull mechanism drives a translation block to move to the front end, so that a convex key on the translation block is opposite to a connecting groove at the bottom of the tail end of an upper battery pack. And then, the lifting mechanism on the base of the battery replacing trolley drives the lifting frame to lift until the frame rail on the lifting mechanism is aligned with the inner rail of the battery compartment, and the butt joint of the lifting frame and the battery compartment is also completed. Meanwhile, the convex key on the translation block is embedded into the connecting groove at the bottom of the battery pack to complete matching. Meanwhile, the positioning butt joint bulge on the lifting frame is matched with the bin positioning groove arranged at the bottom of the battery bin of the electric commercial vehicle in a one-to-one correspondence mode to position the lifting frame.

And then, the electric screw assembling and disassembling device on the lifting frame unloads the screws at the bottom of the battery bin, and loosens the fixed connection between the battery pack and the battery bin. Then a battery pack push-pull mechanism on the battery replacing trolley works to pull the battery pack out of the battery bin, the battery pack sequentially moves along the track in the bin and the rack track and finally stays on the lifting rack, and the lifting rack is driven by the lifting mechanism to fall back.

The battery replacing trolley for subsequent power unloading needs to carry a battery pack to a charging pile for charging. Consequently trade electric dolly and remove to the stake track below of filling electric pile, the crane lifting makes the frame track on it align with the stake track under elevating system's drive, also accomplishes the butt joint of crane and filling electric pile. Meanwhile, the positioning butt joint protrusions on the lifting frame are matched with the pile positioning holes in the bottom of the support of the charging pile in a one-to-one correspondence mode to position the lifting frame.

At the moment, if the battery replacing trolley is provided with the telescopic frame, the transmission length of the battery pack can be prolonged by driving the telescopic frame to extend into the pile track according to the length specification of the battery pack. For example, for a battery pack with a small length specification, the expansion bracket needs to extend into the pile track for a certain distance, so that the battery pack push-pull mechanism can be ensured to completely send the battery pack to the end of the pile track to be plugged with the charging socket. But also can be the stake track of filling electric pile is designed scalable track in order to adapt to the battery package of different length specifications, the convenient frame track butt joint on with the crane simultaneously.

On the other hand, the electric commercial vehicle taking out the battery pack needs to be filled with the charged battery pack, so that the battery replacing trolley waiting beside runs to the lower part of the battery bin, the lifting frame is lifted to be in butt joint with the battery bin, and finally the battery pack on the battery replacing trolley is pushed into the battery bin of the electric commercial vehicle by means of the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism to complete connection between a plug on the battery pack and a socket in the battery bin, and finally the bin door is closed to complete the whole battery replacing process.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle provided by the invention can be matched with the existing electric commercial vehicle capable of exchanging electricity transversely to realize efficient transverse plug-pull replacement, and has the advantages of higher electricity exchanging efficiency, simple structure and convenience in manufacturing.

2. The battery replacing trolley provided by the invention can be used for horizontally replacing batteries through the battery pack push-pull mechanism, has higher battery replacing efficiency and has a simple integral structure. The battery pack push-pull mechanism and the battery pack are designed to adopt a key groove structure which can be embedded and matched with each other, so that the structural improvement of the battery pack push-pull mechanism and the battery pack is very small, and particularly, the battery pack has a simple design structure, low cost and easy implementation. And the power replacing trolley further reduces the force to be applied for driving the battery pack to move through the design of the frame track matched with the battery pack roller or the sliding block, reduces the operation load of the battery pack and improves the power replacing efficiency.

3. The charging pile is specially matched with the design of the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle, so that the battery pack is convenient to assemble and disassemble, the replacement efficiency of the battery pack during charging can be improved, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.

4. According to the further design scheme, the charging pile is designed into the adaptive charging piles for the battery packs with different sizes and specifications, the corresponding battery replacing trolley is matched with the telescopic frame for conveying the battery packs with various specifications to be in butt joint with the charging pile, the design further simplifies the equipment configuration of the charging station, ensures that the quick and efficient battery replacing operation can be carried out on the battery packs with various specifications by using a single battery replacing trolley and the charging pile, greatly improves the convenience, further ensures the battery pack specification unification of the electric commercial vehicle, is convenient to implement the battery replacing operation better, and is extremely low in implementation cost.

5. The invention provides an electric commercial vehicle battery pack, a charging pile and a battery replacing trolley which are matched to form a unified and standardized battery replacing system, the automatic battery replacing of the battery packs of various sizes and specifications of 1-49 ton full-specification electric commercial vehicles can be realized only by one battery replacing trolley, the replacing process is fast and efficient, the battery packs can be replaced within several minutes under the common condition, and the cruising problem is solved. And the construction cost of the power station can be greatly reduced, so that the problem of changing oil into electricity of the commercial vehicle can be solved only by constructing a standardized power station in China, and the electric commercial vehicle can be popularized and popularized really.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the whole battery replacement system including a battery pack of an electric commercial vehicle, a charging pile and a battery replacement trolley;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an isolated perspective structure of the battery pack of fig. 1;

fig. 3 is a bottom view of the battery pack;

fig. 4 is a plug end elevation view of the battery pack;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an isolated three-dimensional structure of a battery compartment of the electric commercial vehicle in fig. 1 (a compartment door open state);

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the battery compartment;

fig. 7 is a door end elevation view of the battery compartment (door open state);

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an independent perspective structure of the battery changing trolley in FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the swap trolley;

FIG. 10 is a front view of the battery changing cart;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of an isolated perspective structure of the charging pile of fig. 1;

fig. 12 is a top view of the charging pile;

fig. 13 is a front view of the charging post;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the working state of the battery changing cart for conveying a battery pack of one specification to the charging pile;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the change of the working state of the battery changing trolley for conveying a battery pack of another specification to the charging pile.

Wherein: 1. an electric commercial vehicle; 2. a battery pack; 201. a plug; 202. a roller; 203. a connecting groove; 204. guiding the positioning hole; 205. a screw hole; 3. a battery compartment; 301. a bin gate; 302. a connection socket; 303. an in-bin track; 304. a bin positioning groove; 305. the battery bin is guided to the positioning column; 306. a recess; 4. battery changing trolley; 401. a base; 402. a lifting mechanism; 403. a lifting frame; 403a, positioning and butting protrusions; 404. a rack rail; 405. a first translation drive mechanism; 406. a translation block; 406a, a convex key; 407. a second translation drive mechanism; 408. a telescopic frame; 409. a guide bar; 410. a guide sleeve; 5. charging piles; 501. a support; 501a, pile positioning holes; 502. a pile track; 503. a patch panel; 504. a charging socket; 505. a charging pile guiding positioning column; 6. a screw; 7. a screw frame; 8. electric screw assembling and disassembling device.

Detailed Description

The battery replacement system for the electric commercial vehicle is combined as shown in fig. 1 to 15, and is composed of the electric commercial vehicle 1 with a replaceable battery pack 2, a battery bin 3 arranged on the electric commercial vehicle 1 and used for accommodating the battery pack 2, a battery replacement trolley 4 and a charging pile 5 in a whole, wherein the battery replacement trolley 4 and the charging pile 5 are arranged in a battery replacement station, and the battery replacement station naturally further comprises a power supply (omitted in the figure) for supplying power to the charging pile 5. The power drive of the electric commercial vehicle 1 is not modified and the battery compartment 3 is in a transverse form for mounting the battery pack 2.

Example 1: firstly, the battery pack 2 is described with reference to fig. 2 to 4, and the battery pack 2 of the present invention is designed to be rectangular, and is manufactured into a plurality of sizes and specifications according to different carrying capacities of the electric commercial vehicle 1, and corresponds to the battery compartments 3 of different sizes and specifications. The electric commercial vehicle 1 exemplified in this embodiment is, for example, a conventional electric container semi-trailer tractor having a total cargo mass of 49 tons, and the size of the corresponding battery pack 2 is made to be 2150x2000x400 in mm.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom of the battery pack 2 is provided with two rows of rollers 202 in parallel symmetrically along the center line with respect to the length direction thereof. Meanwhile, four plugs 201 are arranged side by side on one end wall of the battery pack 2, and are used for being matched and connected with a connecting socket 302 in the battery compartment 3 and a charging socket 504 on the charging pile 5. Simultaneously still be equipped with two guiding orientation hole 204 on this end wall of battery package 2 for with battery compartment 3 with fill the corresponding structure cooperation that is equipped with on the electric pile 5 in order to realize the guiding orientation function. As shown in fig. 3, the battery pack 2 has a connection groove 203 at a middle position of the bottom near the other end wall, and the connection groove is used for cooperating with a battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism on the battery changing cart 4. Meanwhile, the bottom of the battery pack 2 is provided with two screw holes 205 which are bilaterally symmetrical about the connecting groove 203 and are used for being matched with the screws 6 to fix the battery pack 2 into the battery compartment 3.

Referring to fig. 1, 5 to 7, a transverse battery compartment 3 is disposed at the bottom of a girder of a head of the electric commercial vehicle 1, one end of the battery compartment 3 is provided with a compartment door 301 which can be controlled to open by the electric commercial vehicle 1 through an electric hinge, and the compartment door 301 is disposed at a side of the electric commercial vehicle 1 for facilitating the loading and unloading of the battery pack 2. The other end wall opposite to the door 301 is provided with four connecting sockets 302 in parallel for butting with the plug 201 arranged on the battery pack 2, and the end wall is provided with battery compartment guiding positioning columns 305 correspondingly matched with the two guiding positioning holes 204 on the battery pack 2 one by one, as shown in fig. 7. And two parallel inner bin rails 303 are arranged inside the battery bin 3 and are matched with the two rows of rollers 202 on the battery pack 2.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the battery compartment 3 is provided with two battery pack fastening mechanisms on the bottom surface near the compartment door 301 end, the battery pack fastening mechanisms are composed of screws 6 driven into the battery compartment 3 and screw holders 7 supporting the screws 6, and the inner circumference of the screw holders 7 is milled with a step surface for holding the heads of the screws 6 to prevent the screws 6 from falling down. The screw 6 is engaged with the screw hole 205 provided on the bottom surface of the battery pack 2 to fix the battery pack in the battery compartment 3.

And the battery compartment 3 is further provided with a notch 306 and two compartment positioning grooves 304 on the bottom surface near the end of the compartment door 301, which are related to the battery changing cart 4 and will be described below.

Example 2: referring to fig. 8 to 10, further describing the battery replacing cart 4, the battery replacing cart 4 in this embodiment has a base 401 provided with a traveling mechanism and a lifting frame 403 driven to lift by a lifting mechanism 402 provided on the base 401, the lifting frame 403 is provided with a frame rail 404 matched with the roller 202 of the battery pack 2, the lifting frame 403 is connected with an expansion frame 408 by a second translation driving mechanism 407, the expansion frame 408 is provided with a battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism for pushing and pulling the battery pack 2 to move along the frame rail 404 to enter and exit the battery compartment 3, the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism includes a first translation driving mechanism 405 and a translation block 406 driven by the first translation driving mechanism, and the translation block 406 and the bottom of the tail end of the battery pack 2 are designed with a key groove structure capable of being embedded and connected. The expansion bracket 408 is used to extend the transport length of each size battery pack 2 so that the battery pack 2 can be delivered to the end of the post track 502 for mating with the charging receptacle 504, as will be described in detail below.

The lifting mechanism 402 in this embodiment employs four electric lifting mechanisms. The first translation driving mechanism 405 and the second translation driving mechanism 407 are both electric lead screws, which are the prior art, and the specific structure thereof is not described in detail. In the first translation driving mechanism 405, the mechanism for translating is a translation block 406, and an upward convex key 406a is integrally formed on the translation block 406, and is just matched and connected with the connection groove 203 arranged at the bottom of the end of the battery pack 2 as shown in fig. 3, so as to drive the battery pack 2 to move. The notch 306 is provided on the battery compartment 3 for the convenience of the engagement between the convex key 406a and the connecting groove 203. For the second translation driving mechanism 407, the translation mechanism is the telescopic frame 408, and in order to improve the motion stability of the telescopic frame 408, two guide rods 409 are further arranged on the telescopic frame 408 along the motion direction of the telescopic frame 408, as shown in fig. 8, and the lifting frame 403 is provided with a guide sleeve 410 matched with the guide rods 409.

In this embodiment, the traveling mechanism on the base 401 adopts the currently mature universal traveling mobile platform with the AI artificial intelligence road finding function, and can realize relatively accurate fixed-point displacement.

In this embodiment, the front portion of the lifting frame 403 is provided with two positioning and docking protrusions 403a, which are used for correspondingly matching the bin positioning grooves 304 (as shown in fig. 6) formed at the bottom of the battery bin 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 one by one to position the lifting frame 403, so as to prevent the displacement of the battery replacing trolley 4 caused by the reaction force generated in the battery replacing process. Meanwhile, the lifting frame 403 is provided with two electric screw assembling and disassembling devices 8 for correspondingly assembling and disassembling the screws 6 (shown in fig. 6) at the bottom of the battery compartment 3.

Example 3: as shown in fig. 11 to 13, the charging pile 5 is described, and the charging pile 5 is composed of a bracket 501, a pile rail 502 that is provided on the bracket 501 and on which the battery pack 2 horizontally slides, and a patch panel 503 that is connected to the end of the pile rail 502. The two parallel pile tracks 502 are also matched with the rollers 202 on the battery pack 2, and four parallel charging sockets 504 which are butted with the plugs 201 on the battery pack 2 are arranged on the plugging panel 503 at the end of the pile tracks 502. Meanwhile, the inserting panel 503 is also provided with a charging pile guiding positioning column 505 corresponding to the two guiding positioning holes 204 on the battery pack 2 one by one for guiding and positioning the battery pack 2 during inserting.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the bracket 501 is provided with two pile positioning holes 501a for matching with the positioning butting protrusions 403a on the lifting frame 403 of the electricity changing trolley 4, so that the electricity changing trolley 4 can be positioned by the charging pile 5.

In this embodiment, the frame rails 404 are two T-shaped guide rails symmetrically disposed in parallel on two sides of the first translation driving mechanism 405, and the in-bin rail 303 and the pile rail 502 are also formed by two parallel T-shaped guide rails, and are both matched with the two rows of rollers 202 at the bottom of the battery pack 2.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the charging post 5 is a battery pack adaptive charging post with different dimensions, the length of the post rail 502 is designed to at least adapt to the battery pack 2 with the largest dimension, and the charging socket 504 on the plug panel 503 at the end of the post rail 502 can also be connected to the plug 201 on each battery pack 2 with different dimensions, which is described in conjunction with fig. 14 and 15.

As shown in fig. 14, the battery changing cart 4 transports the battery pack 2 with the size of 2150mmx2000mmx400mm to the charging pile 5 for charging. As can be seen, the length of the stake track 502 is just appropriate for the size of the battery pack. After the convex key 406a on the battery replacing trolley 4 is matched with the connecting groove 203 on the battery pack 2, the battery pack 2 moves onto the pile track 502 along the frame track 404 until being pushed into the bottom under the driving of the first translation driving mechanism 405, so that the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 is connected with the charging socket 504 on the connecting panel 503 in a connecting mode, the second translation driving mechanism 407 does not work in the process, and the telescopic frame 408 does not move.

As shown in fig. 15, when a battery pack 2 (1300 mmx1200mmx150 mm) with a small size and a small size is to be carried, the expansion bracket 408 is driven by the second translation driving mechanism 407 to move toward the pile rail 502 and extend into the pile rail 502 for a certain distance to extend the conveying length of the battery pack 2, and finally, the battery pack 2 is smoothly conveyed to the position to complete the insertion connection with the charging socket 504 on the insertion panel 503 under the driving of the first translation driving mechanism 405.

The overall working principle of the battery replacement system of the electric commercial vehicle is as follows:

when the electric commercial vehicle 1 needs to exchange electricity, the vehicle drives into an electricity exchange station, and the bin gate 301 of the battery bin 3 is controlled to be opened by the electric commercial vehicle 1. The battery replacing process can be completed by matching two battery replacing trolleys 4, one is used for discharging the battery, namely the battery pack 2 in the battery bin 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 is taken out, and the other is used for charging the battery, namely the battery pack 2 which is charged is filled into the battery bin 3.

Firstly, the power changing trolley 4 for discharging power moves to the lower part of the battery bin 3 of the battery commercial vehicle 1, the first translation driving mechanism 405 in the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism drives the translation block 406 to move to the front end, so that the convex key 406a on the translation block 406 is opposite to the connecting groove 203 at the bottom of the tail end of the upper battery pack 2. Subsequently, the lifting mechanism 402 on the base of the battery replacing trolley 4 drives the lifting frame 403 to lift until the frame rail 404 on the lifting frame is aligned with the in-bin rail 303 of the battery bin 3, that is, the butt joint of the lifting frame 403 and the battery bin 3 is completed. And meanwhile, the convex key 406a on the translation block 406 is embedded into the connecting groove 203 at the bottom of the battery pack 2 to complete the matching. Meanwhile, the positioning butting protrusions 403a on the lifting frames 403 are correspondingly matched with bin positioning grooves 304 arranged at the bottom of the battery bin 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 one by one so as to position the lifting frames 403.

Next, the electric screw mounting and dismounting device 8 on the lifting frame 403 removes the screw 6 at the bottom of the battery compartment 3, and loosens the fixed connection between the battery pack 2 and the battery compartment 3. Then, a battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism on the battery replacing trolley 4 works to pull the battery pack 2 out of the battery compartment 3, the battery pack 2 moves along the compartment inner rail 303 and the compartment rail 404 in sequence, and finally stays on the lifting frame 403, and the lifting frame 403 falls back and forth under the driving of the lifting mechanism 402.

The battery replacing trolley 4 for subsequent power unloading needs to carry the battery pack 2 to a charging pile 5 for charging. Therefore, the trolley 4 moves to the position below the pile rail 502 of the charging pile 5, the lifting frame 403 is lifted under the driving of the lifting mechanism 402, so that the frame rail 404 on the trolley is aligned with the pile rail 502, and the butt joint of the lifting frame 403 and the charging pile 5 is completed. Meanwhile, the positioning and butting protrusions 403a on the lifting frames 403 are correspondingly matched with the pile positioning holes 501a at the bottom of the support 501 of the charging pile 5 one by one so as to position the lifting frames 403.

At this time, if the battery changing trolley 4 is provided with the telescopic frame 408, according to the length specification of the battery pack 2, the transmission length of the battery pack 2 can be extended by driving the telescopic frame 408 to extend into the pile rail 502, so that it is ensured that the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism can completely deliver the battery pack 2 to the end of the pile rail 502 to complete the insertion with the charging socket 504.

On the other hand, the electric commercial vehicle 1 taking out the battery pack 2 needs to be loaded with the charged battery pack 2, so the battery replacing trolley 4 waiting beside and carrying the battery pack 2 runs to the lower part of the battery bin 3, the lifting frame 403 is lifted to be in butt joint with the battery bin 3, finally the battery pack 2 on the battery replacing trolley is pushed into the battery bin 3 of the electric commercial vehicle 1 by the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism, the connection between the plug 201 on the battery pack 2 and the connecting socket 302 in the battery bin 3 is completed, and finally the bin gate 301 is closed, so that the whole battery replacing process is completed.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All modifications made according to the spirit of the main technical scheme of the invention are covered in the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack of an electric commercial vehicle is cuboid, is manufactured into a plurality of sizes according to different carrying capacities of the electric commercial vehicle (1), and is matched with a battery bin (3) of the corresponding size on the electric commercial vehicle (1); the battery pack is characterized in that a plug (201) is arranged on the front end wall surface of the battery pack (2), and a connecting groove (203) or a connecting bulge which is convenient to drag is arranged on the bottom of the battery pack (2) close to the tail end wall surface; meanwhile, the surface of the battery pack (2) is provided with a plurality of rows of rollers (202) or sliding blocks, and the surface of the battery pack (2) is also provided with a plurality of screw holes (205) for matching with screws (6) to be fixed in the battery bin (3); the front end wall surface of the battery pack (2) is also provided with a plurality of guide positioning holes (204) or guide positioning columns.

2. A charging pile used in cooperation with the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising a bracket (501) and a pile rail (502) which is arranged on the bracket (501) and is used for sliding the battery pack (2), wherein the pile rail (502) is matched with a roller (202) or a sliding block on the battery pack (2), and a charging socket (504) which is butted with a plug (201) on the battery pack (2) is arranged on a plugging panel (503) at the end of the pile rail (502); meanwhile, the plugging panel (503) of the charging pile (5) is also provided with charging pile guiding positioning columns (505) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning holes (204) on the battery pack (2), or the charging pile guiding positioning holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the guiding positioning columns on the battery pack (2).

3. A charging pile according to claim 2, characterised in that the charging pile (5) is a different size battery pack adaptable charging pile, the length of the pile rail (502) is designed to at least adapt to the battery pack (2) with the largest size, and the plug panel (503) at the end of the pile rail (502) is provided with a charging socket (504) which can be butted with the plug (201) on each size battery pack (2).

4. A charging pile according to claim 2, characterised in that the charging pile (5) is a battery pack adaptive charging pile of different dimensions, and its pile track (502) is a telescopic track to adapt to battery packs (2) of different dimensions.

5. A charging pile according to claim 2, characterised in that the bottom of the bracket (501) is provided with a number of pile location holes (501 a) or pile location recesses near the front end of the pile track (502).

6. An electricity changing trolley matched with the battery pack of the electric commercial vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized by comprising a base (401) provided with a walking mechanism and a lifting frame (403) driven to lift by a lifting mechanism (402) arranged on the base (401), the lifting frame (403) is provided with a frame track (404) matched with the roller (202) or the sliding block of the battery pack (2), the lifting frame (403) is provided with a battery pack push-pull mechanism for pushing and pulling the battery pack (2) to move along the frame track (404) so as to enter and exit the battery compartment (3), the battery pack push-pull mechanism comprises a first translation driving mechanism (405) and a translation block (406) driven by the first translation driving mechanism, the translation block (406) is provided with an upward convex key (406 a) which is matched with a connecting groove (203) at the bottom of the tail end of the battery pack (2), or the translation block (406) is provided with a groove matched with the connecting bulge at the bottom of the tail end of the battery pack (2); meanwhile, a plurality of positioning butt joint protrusions (403 a) are arranged on the lifting frame (403), and an electric screw assembling and disassembling device (8) corresponding to the screw (6) for fixing the battery pack (2) is further arranged on the lifting frame (403).

7. The battery replacing trolley as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lifting frame (403) is connected with a telescopic frame (408) through a second translation driving mechanism (407), and the battery pack pushing and pulling mechanism is arranged on the telescopic frame (408); and a plurality of guide rods (409) are arranged on the telescopic frame (408) along the moving direction of the telescopic frame (408), and a guide sleeve (410) matched with the guide rods (409) is arranged on the lifting frame (403).

8. The battery changing trolley as claimed in claim 6, wherein the traveling mechanism is a universal traveling moving platform with an AI artificial intelligence path finding function.

9. The battery changing trolley according to claim 6, wherein the lifting mechanism (402) is an electric lifting mechanism, or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanism; the first translation driving mechanism (405) is an electric screw rod, and the frame rails (404) are two T-shaped guide rails which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the electric screw rod in parallel.

10. The battery changing trolley according to claim 7, wherein the second translational driving mechanism (407) is an electric lead screw.