WO2022099712A1 - Simulation method for heating performance of graphite rod in high-temperature carbonization furnace - Google Patents

Simulation method for heating performance of graphite rod in high-temperature carbonization furnace Download PDF

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WO2022099712A1
WO2022099712A1 PCT/CN2020/129151 CN2020129151W WO2022099712A1 WO 2022099712 A1 WO2022099712 A1 WO 2022099712A1 CN 2020129151 W CN2020129151 W CN 2020129151W WO 2022099712 A1 WO2022099712 A1 WO 2022099712A1
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carbonization furnace
graphite
temperature carbonization
furnace
heating
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PCT/CN2020/129151
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张毅鹏
孙中心
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天华化工机械及自动化研究设计院有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/129151 priority Critical patent/WO2022099712A1/en
Publication of WO2022099712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022099712A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of design and analysis methods of a high-temperature carbonization furnace used in the production process of carbon fibers.
  • Carbon fiber production is a high-energy-consuming industry, among which the high-temperature carbonization furnace is one of the largest energy consumers in carbon fiber production equipment. At the same time, the high-temperature carbonization furnace is also the key equipment for carbon fiber production. Converted to carbon fiber with a carbon content greater than 90%.
  • High temperature carbonization furnace is the integration of high temperature technology and high temperature equipment, and the operating temperature is generally 1000°C-1600°C.
  • the heating principle of the high-temperature carbonization furnace is to use electric energy to heat the graphite rods around the graphite muffle of the high-temperature carbonization furnace to generate thermal energy, and then heat the similar graphite muffle in the form of thermal radiation and convection, and then the heat is transferred by heat conduction.
  • the temperature of different regions of the graphite muffle should be uniform.
  • Reasonable temperature control has many advantages. First of all, it can not only improve the qualification rate of products, improve production efficiency, but also prolong the service life of equipment. Combining the temperature requirements of different positions of the high-temperature carbonization furnace with the structure of the muffle at the corresponding position ensures that the purpose of optimizing the structure can be achieved while meeting the process requirements. It can be seen that, from the perspective of performance or economy, the performance design of the heating rod is one of the important links in the overall design of the high temperature carbonization furnace.
  • the gas temperature outside the graphite muffle is used as the measurement point, which will have a large error. Therefore, when the heating zone reaches equilibrium, the temperature of the corresponding area in the graphite muffle is measured. And the temperature field of graphite muffle is analyzed, and the reasonable control temperature is obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a reasonable design method so that the internal temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace can reach the temperature that meets the specification.
  • a method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • step (2) Import the 3D simulation model that has been meshed in step (2) into the FLUENT module of the ANSYS software, and set the FLUENT module;
  • the relevant parameters set in step (1) include: the geometrical shape and geometrical size of the internal furnace cavity, and the geometrical shape and geometrical size of the graphite heating rod.
  • step (4) the process of setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
  • v , ⁇ , ⁇ are the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, respectively, and d is the characteristic length.
  • ⁇ is the dynamic viscosity
  • F b is the volume force on the micro-element
  • h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace
  • ⁇ is the thermal conductivity of the gas in the furnace
  • gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface
  • Sh is the heat source inside the gas
  • ⁇ is the dissipation function of the gas
  • ⁇ represents the density of the material
  • C T represents the specific heat of the material
  • ⁇ x , ⁇ y , ⁇ z represent the thermal conductivity along the x , y , z directions, respectively
  • Q( x , y , z , t ) represents the intensity of the heat source inside the object .
  • step (4) the monitoring surface of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace is selected as the Y-direction plane passing through the center point.
  • step (4) the result obtained by the simulation operation includes the temperature change cloud map of the monitoring surface.
  • the present invention can reasonably determine the selection of physical parameters and geometric dimensions of the graphite heating rod by simulating the temperature distribution characteristics inside the furnace cavity during the design process of the high-temperature carbonization furnace, and can intuitively determine the internal temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace.
  • the heating effect can better realize the selection of the heating rod material and determine the geometric parameters of the heating rod, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the heating efficiency and reducing the design cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating rod model established in the simulation method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation grid of the heating rod model established in the simulation method of the present invention.
  • Figures 3-6 are cloud diagrams of temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace cavity when the monitoring surface has different heating powers in the present invention.
  • a method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
  • step (3) Import the three-dimensional simulation model with the meshed mesh in step (2) into the FLUENT module of the ANSYS software, and set the FLUENT module.
  • v , ⁇ , ⁇ are the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, respectively, and d is the characteristic length.
  • the three-dimensional mathematical model of the heat transfer calculation of the high-temperature carbonization furnace used in the calculation includes the three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation as follows:
  • ⁇ is the dynamic viscosity
  • F b is the volume force on the micro-element
  • h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace
  • ⁇ is the thermal conductivity of the gas in the furnace
  • gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface
  • Sh is the heat source inside the gas
  • ⁇ is the dissipation function of the gas
  • ⁇ represents the density of the material
  • C T represents the specific heat of the material
  • ⁇ x , ⁇ y , ⁇ z represent the thermal conductivity along the x, y, z directions, respectively
  • Q(x, y, z, t) represents the intensity of the heat source inside the object .
  • the internal temperature distribution characteristics of the high-temperature carbonization furnace at different heating temperatures can be obtained. Comparing the cloud map of the temperature change in the furnace cavity at different heating temperatures at the monitoring surface, it can be seen that, as shown in Figure 3- Figure 6, the furnace The temperature distribution in the cavity is uneven, the temperature near the heating tube is the highest, and the heating effect of the graphite tube is obvious. The heating effect of the graphite rod with high thermal conductivity is obvious, and the temperature gradually increases with the increase of the heating power. In order to verify the simulation results of ANSYS, several simulations should be carried out, and the analysis results should be compared to obtain the best solution for the power and geometric size of the heating tube of the high temperature carbonization furnace.
  • the invention can intuitively determine the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace, can better realize the judgment of the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace, and reasonably select the physical parameters and heating power of the graphite rod, so as to improve the heating performance of the high temperature carbonization furnace Provide theoretical basis for performance and reduce design cost.

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Abstract

A simulation method for the heating performance of a graphite heating rod (2) in a high-temperature carbonization furnace, which relates to the technical field of design and analysis methods for a high-temperature carbonization furnace used during a carbon fiber production process. A simulation analysis method aimed at addressing the problem in which an existing high-temperature carbonization furnace is unable to obtain a reasonably controlled temperature during a design process, the method comprising: (1) establishing a three-dimensional simulation model; (2) transferring the three-dimensional simulation model to a Blocking module of an ICEM software for grid division; (3) importing the three-dimensional simulation model into a FLUENT module of ANSYS software, and configuring the FLUENT module; (4) performing simulation computation to obtain a result which is used as an indicator to determine the heating performance of the graphite heating rod (2) for the high-temperature carbonization furnace; (5) configuring different parameters and repeating steps (1)-(4), and performing multiple simulation computations, and from a characteristic cloud map for temperature distribution, determining material parameters and heating power for the graphite heating rod (2). The heating effect inside the high-temperature carbonization furnace can be visually determined, and a theoretical rationale is provided for the improvement of heating efficiency and reduction of design costs.

Description

一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法A simulation method for the heating performance of graphite rods in a high temperature carbonization furnace 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及到碳纤维生产过程中所用高温碳化炉的设计分析方法技术领域。The invention relates to the technical field of design and analysis methods of a high-temperature carbonization furnace used in the production process of carbon fibers.
背景技术Background technique
碳纤维生产属于高耗能产业，其中的高温碳化炉是碳纤维生产设备中的耗能大户之一，同时，高温碳化炉也是碳纤维生产的关键设备，主要用于对预氧丝进行高温碳化，使其转化为碳元素含量大于 90%的碳纤维。高温碳化炉是高温技术和高温设备的集成，使用温度一般在 1000℃-1600℃。高温碳化炉的加热原理是，使用电能加热位于高温碳化炉的石墨马弗周围的石墨棒使之产生热能，然后通过热辐射和对流的形式加热与之相近的石墨马弗，热量再以热传导的方式传递到石墨马弗的内部，石墨马弗的不同区域温度应当呈现均一。温度控制合理有着很多的优势，首先不仅能够提高产品的合格率，提高生产效率，而且可以延长设备的使用寿命。将高温碳化炉不同位置对温度要求与相应位置马弗的结构结合起来，保证在满足工艺需求的同时能够达到优化结构的目的。由此可见，无论是从性能还是经济性的角度出发，加热棒性能设计是高温碳化炉整体设计的重要环节之一。Carbon fiber production is a high-energy-consuming industry, among which the high-temperature carbonization furnace is one of the largest energy consumers in carbon fiber production equipment. At the same time, the high-temperature carbonization furnace is also the key equipment for carbon fiber production. Converted to carbon fiber with a carbon content greater than 90%. High temperature carbonization furnace is the integration of high temperature technology and high temperature equipment, and the operating temperature is generally 1000℃-1600℃. The heating principle of the high-temperature carbonization furnace is to use electric energy to heat the graphite rods around the graphite muffle of the high-temperature carbonization furnace to generate thermal energy, and then heat the similar graphite muffle in the form of thermal radiation and convection, and then the heat is transferred by heat conduction. The temperature of different regions of the graphite muffle should be uniform. Reasonable temperature control has many advantages. First of all, it can not only improve the qualification rate of products, improve production efficiency, but also prolong the service life of equipment. Combining the temperature requirements of different positions of the high-temperature carbonization furnace with the structure of the muffle at the corresponding position ensures that the purpose of optimizing the structure can be achieved while meeting the process requirements. It can be seen that, from the perspective of performance or economy, the performance design of the heating rod is one of the important links in the overall design of the high temperature carbonization furnace.
在实际控制高温碳化炉内温度时，均以石墨马弗外部的气体温度作为测量点，这会有较大的误差，所以，当加热区达到平衡时，测量石墨马弗内相应区域的温度，并对石墨马弗的温度场进行分析，得到合理的控制温度。因此需要选择合理的设计方法，使高温碳化炉内部温度能达到符合规范的温度。In the actual control of the temperature in the high temperature carbonization furnace, the gas temperature outside the graphite muffle is used as the measurement point, which will have a large error. Therefore, when the heating zone reaches equilibrium, the temperature of the corresponding area in the graphite muffle is measured. And the temperature field of graphite muffle is analyzed, and the reasonable control temperature is obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a reasonable design method so that the internal temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace can reach the temperature that meets the specification.
技术问题technical problem
综上所述，本发明针对现有高温碳化炉的设计过程中，缺少在加热区达到平衡时，测量石墨马弗内相应区域的温度，并对石墨马弗的温度场进行分析，得到合理的控制温度的模拟分析方法，而提出一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法。To sum up, in the design process of the present invention for the existing high temperature carbonization furnace, there is no need to measure the temperature of the corresponding area in the graphite muffle when the heating zone reaches equilibrium, and analyze the temperature field of the graphite muffle to obtain a reasonable A simulation analysis method for temperature control was proposed, and a simulation method for the heating performance of graphite rods in a high temperature carbonization furnace was proposed.
技术解决方案technical solutions
为解决本发明所提出的技术问题，采用的技术方案为：In order to solve the technical problem proposed by the present invention, the technical scheme adopted is:
一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于所述方法包括有如下步骤：A method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
（1）、采用三维CAD软件SOLIDWORKS软件建立高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型，并设定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型的相关参数；(1) Use the 3D CAD software SOLIDWORKS to establish a 3D simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace, and set the relevant parameters of the 3D simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace;
（2）、将步骤（1）建立的高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型传递到ICEM软件的Blocking模块中，在Blocking模块中采用O-Block方式对高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型进行网格划分, 网格划分策略采用BiGeometric方式，控制比率因子为默认值1.2，根据软件中网格质量的判断标准，同时保证整体结构的网格质量大于0.9，同时，定义所有三维仿真模型的进出口与壁面边界名称，包括加热管壁面和炉腔壁面边界名称；(2) Transfer the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace established in step (1) to the Blocking module of the ICEM software, and use the O-Block method to heat the graphite in the high-temperature carbonization furnace in the Blocking module. The three-dimensional simulation model of the rod and the furnace cavity is meshed. The meshing strategy adopts the BiGeometric method, and the control ratio factor is the default value of 1.2. According to the judgment standard of the mesh quality in the software, at the same time, ensure that the mesh quality of the overall structure is greater than 0.9, at the same time, define the boundary names of the inlet, outlet and wall of all 3D simulation models, including the boundary names of the heating tube wall and the furnace cavity wall;
（3）、将步骤（2）中划分好网格的三维仿真模型导入ANSYS软件的FLUENT模块，并对FLUENT模块进行设置；(3) Import the 3D simulation model that has been meshed in step (2) into the FLUENT module of the ANSYS software, and set the FLUENT module;
（4）、在ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块里设置温度检测面，并进行仿真运算得到结果，以此作为判定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒加热性能的指标；(4) Set the temperature detection surface in the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software, and perform simulation operations to obtain the results, which are used as indicators to determine the heating performance of the graphite heating rod in the high temperature carbonization furnace;
（5）、在相同设置条件下，通过将高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型设置不同参数并重复步骤（1）-（4），以进行多次模拟计算，由高温碳化炉炉腔内温度分布特性云图，以此确定石墨棒的材料参数与加热功率。(5) Under the same setting conditions, set different parameters for the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and repeat steps (1)-(4) to perform multiple simulation calculations. The cloud map of the temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace cavity of the carbonization furnace is used to determine the material parameters and heating power of the graphite rod.
    作为对本发明作进一步限定的技术方案包括有：  As the technical scheme further limiting the present invention includes:
步骤（1）中设定的相关参数包括：内部炉腔几何形状和几何尺寸、石墨加热棒几何形状和几何尺寸。The relevant parameters set in step (1) include: the geometrical shape and geometrical size of the internal furnace cavity, and the geometrical shape and geometrical size of the graphite heating rod.
步骤（4）中，对ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块进行设置的过程如下：In step (4), the process of setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
（4.1）、在User Defined选项导入根据设备运行工艺参数编制的自定义温度参数；(4.1), in the User Defined option, import the custom temperature parameters prepared according to the operating process parameters of the equipment;
（4.2）、在General选项中，将y方向Gravitational Acceleration 根据要求设定为预设值，time选项设置为Transient瞬态传热；(4.2), in the General option, set the y direction to Gravitational Acceleration is set to the preset value according to the requirements, and the time option is set to Transient transient heat transfer;
（4.3）、将Models选项中的Energy勾选Energy Equation，Viscous Models选项中选取laminar 模型，为了判断炉腔内气流运动状态，引入雷诺数进行描述，雷诺数的计算公式为：(4.3), check Energy Equation in the Energy in the Models option, and select laminar in the Viscous Models option Model, in order to judge the airflow movement state in the furnace cavity, the Reynolds number is introduced to describe, the calculation formula of Reynolds number is:
 
Figure dest_path_image001
Figure dest_path_image001
其中，其中 v 、ρ、μ分别为流体的流速、密度与黏性系数， d为特征长度。通过雷诺数的计算，进而选择湍流模型为laminar模型； Among them, where v , ρ, μ are the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, respectively, and d is the characteristic length. Through the calculation of the Reynolds number, the turbulence model is selected as the laminar model;
（4.4）将Models选项中的Radiation Model勾选Surface to Surface，并在View Factor and Clustering选项点击Compute/Write/Read进行保存；(4.4) Check the Radiation Model in the Models option on Surface to Surface, and click Compute/Write/Read in the View Factor and Clustering option to save;
（4.5）、在Materials Fluid选项部分选择氧气和氮气，在Materials Solid选项部分新建加热棒材料，材料的属性包括有密度、比热容和导热系数，然后分别选择每种新建的石墨材料；(4.5), select oxygen and nitrogen in the Materials Fluid option section, and create a new heating rod material in the Materials Solid option section. The properties of the material include density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and then select each new graphite material separately;
（4.6）、在Cell Zone Conditions选项中将Fluid1、Fluid2部分设为氮气；将Solid1、Solid2部分设为石墨材料；(4.6), in Cell Zone In the Conditions option, set the Fluid1 and Fluid2 parts to nitrogen; set the Solid1 and Solid2 parts to graphite materials;
（4.7）、在Boundary Conditions选项中设置保温材料之间的传热方式为Coupled，加热管表面设置为UDF定义每小时内热生成率，炉腔内与加热棒、加热棒与氮气之间传热方式为Coupled；(4.7), in Boundary In the Conditions option, set the heat transfer method between the insulation materials as Coupled, set the heating tube surface as UDF to define the heat generation rate per hour, and set the heat transfer method between the furnace cavity and the heating rod, the heating rod and nitrogen gas as Coupled;
（4.8）、选择Check case后进行计算；计算所用的高温碳化炉传热计算的三维数学模型，包含的三维连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程分别如下所示：(4.8) Calculate after selecting Check case; the three-dimensional mathematical model of heat transfer calculation of high-temperature carbonization furnace used for calculation, including three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation are as follows:
Figure 30449dest_path_image002
           
Figure 30449dest_path_image002
式中， ρ-流体密度； t-时间；V-速度矢量，其中 u 、 v 、 w为V在 x、 y及 z三个方向上的分量； In the formula, ρ -fluid density; t -time; V-velocity vector, where u , v , w are the components of V in the three directions of x , y and z ;
动量方程的Navier-Stokes方程：Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
Figure dest_path_image003
             
Figure dest_path_image003
其中， μ是动力黏度， F b 是微元上的体积力； Among them, μ is the dynamic viscosity, F b is the volume force on the micro-element;
能量守恒方程：Energy conservation equation:
   
Figure 357656dest_path_image004
   
Figure 357656dest_path_image004
其中， h为炉内气体的比焓； λ为炉内气体的导热系数； gradT为气体传热面法向温度梯度； S h 为气体内部的热源； Φ为气体的耗散函数； where h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; λ is the thermal conductivity of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; Sh is the heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
Figure dest_path_image005
Figure dest_path_image005
热传导问题的控制方程根据Fourier传热定律和能量守恒方程来建立，对固体而言，其瞬态温度场T(x,y,z,t)满足以下方程:The governing equation of the heat conduction problem is established according to Fourier's heat transfer law and the energy conservation equation. For a solid, its transient temperature field T(x, y, z, t) satisfies the following equation:
Figure 549603dest_path_image006
         
Figure 549603dest_path_image006
其中， ρ代表材料密度， C T 代表材料比热， κ x ， κ y ， κ z 分别代表沿 x， y， z方向的热传导系数，Q( x, y, z, t)代表物体内部热源强度。 Among them, ρ represents the density of the material, C T represents the specific heat of the material, κ x , κ y , κ z represent the thermal conductivity along the x , y , z directions, respectively, Q( x , y , z , t ) represents the intensity of the heat source inside the object .
步骤（4）中，选择高温碳化炉石墨加热棒的三维仿真模型的监测面为过中心点的Y方向平面。In step (4), the monitoring surface of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace is selected as the Y-direction plane passing through the center point.
步骤（4）中，仿真运算得到结果包括有监测面的温度变化云图。In step (4), the result obtained by the simulation operation includes the temperature change cloud map of the monitoring surface.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过对高温碳化炉设计过程中，炉腔内部的温度分布特性进行模拟从而合理确定石墨加热棒的物理参数与几何尺寸的选择，可直观判定高温碳化炉内部的加热效果，可以更好的实现加热棒材料的选择并确定加热棒的几何参数，从而为提高加热效率，降低设计成本提供理论依据。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can reasonably determine the selection of physical parameters and geometric dimensions of the graphite heating rod by simulating the temperature distribution characteristics inside the furnace cavity during the design process of the high-temperature carbonization furnace, and can intuitively determine the internal temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace. The heating effect can better realize the selection of the heating rod material and determine the geometric parameters of the heating rod, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the heating efficiency and reducing the design cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明模拟方法中建立的加热棒模型示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating rod model established in the simulation method of the present invention.
图2是本发明模拟方法中建立的加热棒模型计算网格示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation grid of the heating rod model established in the simulation method of the present invention.
图3-图6是本发明中监测面的不同加热功率时炉腔内温度分布特性云图。Figures 3-6 are cloud diagrams of temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace cavity when the monitoring surface has different heating powers in the present invention.
本发明的最佳实施方式BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
以下结合附图和本发明优选的具体实施例对本发明的方法作进一步地说明。The method of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred specific embodiments of the present invention.
本发明公开的一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，包括有如下步骤：A method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
（1）、采用三维CAD（Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计）软件SOLIDWORKS软件建立高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型，如图1中所示，从外至内依次为：氮气层一1、加热棒2、氮气层二3、马弗炉4及氮气层三5；并设定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型的相关参数；设定的相关参数至少包括：内部炉腔几何形状和几何尺寸、石墨加热棒几何形状和几何尺寸。(1) Using 3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) software SOLIDWORKS software to establish a 3D simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace, as shown in Figure 1, from outside to inside: nitrogen Layer 1 1, heating rod 2, nitrogen layer 2 3, muffle furnace 4 and nitrogen layer 3 5; and set the relevant parameters of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace; set the relevant parameters At least include: internal furnace cavity geometry and geometry, graphite heating rod geometry and geometry.
（2）、将步骤（1）建立的碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型分别传递到ICEM软件的Blocking模块中，在Blocking模块中采用O-Block方式对三维仿真模型进行网格划分，如图2所示； 网格划分策略采用BiGeometric方式，控制比率因子为默认值1.2，根据软件中网格质量的判断标准，同时保证整体结构的网格质量大于0.9，同时为了便于后期设置计算条件，定义所有三维仿真模型的进出口与壁面边界名称，主要包括加热管壁面和炉腔壁面的边界名称。(2) Transfer the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the carbonization furnace established in step (1) to the Blocking module of the ICEM software, and use the O-Block method to network the three-dimensional simulation model in the Blocking module. Grid division, as shown in Figure 2; The grid division strategy adopts the BiGeometric method, and the control ratio factor is the default value of 1.2. According to the grid quality judgment standard in the software, the grid quality of the overall structure is guaranteed to be greater than 0.9. Set the calculation conditions and define the boundary names of the inlet, outlet and wall of all 3D simulation models, mainly including the boundary names of the heating tube wall and the furnace cavity wall.
（3）、将步骤（2）中划分好网格的三维仿真模型导入ANSYS软件的FLUENT模块，并对FLUENT模块进行设置。(3) Import the three-dimensional simulation model with the meshed mesh in step (2) into the FLUENT module of the ANSYS software, and set the FLUENT module.
（4）、在ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块里设置温度检测面，并进行仿真运算得到结果，以此作为判定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒加热性能的指标；具体选择高温碳化炉石墨加热棒的三维仿真模型的监测面为过中心点的Y方向平面；仿真运算得到结果包括有监测面的温度变化云图。(4) Set the temperature detection surface in the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software, and perform the simulation operation to obtain the result, which is used as an indicator to determine the heating performance of the graphite heating rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace; specifically select the three-dimensional simulation of the graphite heating rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace The monitoring surface of the model is the Y-direction plane passing through the center point; the results obtained from the simulation operation include the temperature change cloud map of the monitoring surface.
对ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块进行设置的具体过程如下：The specific process of setting the FLUENT module in ANSYS software is as follows:
（4.1）、在User Defined选项导入根据设备运行工艺参数编制的自定义温度参数；(4.1), in the User Defined option, import the custom temperature parameters prepared according to the operating process parameters of the equipment;
（4.2）、在General选项中，将y方向Gravitational Acceleration 根据要求设定为预设值，time选项设置为Transient瞬态传热；(4.2), in the General option, set the y direction to Gravitational Acceleration is set to the preset value according to the requirements, and the time option is set to Transient transient heat transfer;
（4.3）、将Models选项中的Energy勾选Energy Equation，Viscous Models选项中选取laminar 模型，为了判断炉腔内气流运动状态，引入雷诺数进行描述，雷诺数的计算公式为：(4.3), check Energy Equation in the Energy in the Models option, and select laminar in the Viscous Models option Model, in order to judge the airflow movement state in the furnace cavity, the Reynolds number is introduced to describe, the calculation formula of Reynolds number is:
                              
Figure dest_path_image007
Figure dest_path_image007
其中，其中 v、 ρ、 μ分别为流体的流速、密度与黏性系数， d为特征长度。通过雷诺数的计算，进而选择湍流模型为laminar模型； where v , ρ , μ are the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, respectively, and d is the characteristic length. Through the calculation of the Reynolds number, the turbulence model is selected as the laminar model;
（4.4）将Models选项中的Radiation Model勾选Surface to Surface,并在View Factor and Clustering选项点击Compute/Write/Read进行保存。(4.4) Check the Radiation Model in the Models option on Surface to Surface, and click Compute/Write/Read in the View Factor and Clustering option to save.
（4.5）、在Materials Fluid选项部分选择氧气和氮气，在Materials Solid选项部分新建加热棒材料，材料的属性主要有密度、比热容、导热系数，然后分别选择每种新建的石墨材料；(4.5) Select oxygen and nitrogen in the Materials Fluid option section, and create a new heating rod material in the Materials Solid option section. The properties of the material mainly include density, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, and then select each new graphite material separately;
（4.6）、在Cell Zone Conditions选项中将Fluid1、Fluid2部分设为氮气；将Solid1、Solid2部分设为石墨材料；(4.6), in Cell Zone In the Conditions option, set the Fluid1 and Fluid2 parts to nitrogen; set the Solid1 and Solid2 parts to graphite materials;
（4.7）、在Boundary Conditions选项中设置保温材料之间的传热方式为Coupled，加热管表面设置为UDF定义每小时内热生成率，炉腔内与加热棒、加热棒与氮气之间传热方式为Coupled;(4.7), in the Boundary Conditions option, set the heat transfer method between insulation materials to Coupled, set the heating tube surface to UDF to define the heat generation rate per hour, and the heat transfer method between the furnace cavity and the heating rod, the heating rod and nitrogen for Coupled;
（4.8）、选择Check case后进行计算。而计算所用的高温碳化炉传热计算的三维数学模型，包含的三维连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程分别如下所示：(4.8) Calculate after selecting Check case. The three-dimensional mathematical model of the heat transfer calculation of the high-temperature carbonization furnace used in the calculation includes the three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation as follows:
Figure 895133dest_path_image008
           
Figure 895133dest_path_image008
式中， ρ-流体密度； t-时间；V-速度矢量，其中 u 、 v 、 w为V在 x、 y及 z三个方向上的分量； In the formula, ρ -fluid density; t -time; V-velocity vector, where u , v , w are the components of V in the three directions of x , y and z ;
动量方程的Navier-Stokes方程：Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
Figure dest_path_image009
             
Figure dest_path_image009
其中， μ是动力黏度， F b 是微元上的体积力； Among them, μ is the dynamic viscosity, F b is the volume force on the micro-element;
能量守恒方程：Energy conservation equation:
   
Figure 999487dest_path_image010
    
Figure 999487dest_path_image010
其中， h为炉内气体的比焓； λ为炉内气体的导热系数； gradT为气体传热面法向温度梯度； S h 为气体内部的热源； Φ为气体的耗散函数； where h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; λ is the thermal conductivity of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; Sh is the heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
Figure dest_path_image011
Figure dest_path_image011
热传导问题的控制方程根据Fourier传热定律和能量守恒方程来建立，对固体而言，其瞬态温度场T( x, y, z, t)满足以下方程: The governing equation of the heat conduction problem is established according to Fourier's law of heat transfer and the energy conservation equation. For a solid, its transient temperature field T( x , y , z , t ) satisfies the following equation:
         
Figure 797679dest_path_image012
Figure 797679dest_path_image012
其中， ρ代表材料密度， C T 代表材料比热， κ x ， κ y ， κ z 分别代表沿 x，y，z方向的热传导系数，Q(x,y,z,t)代表物体内部热源强度。 Among them, ρ represents the density of the material, C T represents the specific heat of the material, κ x , κ y , κ z represent the thermal conductivity along the x, y, z directions, respectively, and Q(x, y, z, t) represents the intensity of the heat source inside the object .
（5）、在相同设置条件下，通过将高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型设置不同参数并重复步骤（1）-（4），以进行多次模拟计算，由高温碳化炉炉腔内温度分布特性云图，以此确定石墨棒的材料参数与加热功率。(5) Under the same setting conditions, set different parameters for the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and repeat steps (1)-(4) to perform multiple simulation calculations. The cloud map of the temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace cavity of the carbonization furnace is used to determine the material parameters and heating power of the graphite rod.
通过修改加热管的功率可以得出不同加热温度时高温碳化炉内部温度分布特性，对比监测面处不同加热温度时炉腔内的温度变化云图可以看出，如图3-图6所示，炉腔内温度分布不均匀，加热管附近温度最高，石墨管加热效果明显，采用导热系数高的石墨棒加热效果明显，温度随着加热功率的增加逐渐升高。为验证ANSYS的仿真结果，应多次模拟，比较分析结果，得出高温碳化炉加热管功率与几何尺寸的最佳方案。本发明可直观判定高温碳化炉石墨棒的加热性能，可以更好的实现高温碳化炉石墨棒加热性能的判定，并合理的选择石墨棒的物理参数与加热功率，从而为提高高温碳化炉的加热性能与降低设计成本提供理论依据。By modifying the power of the heating tube, the internal temperature distribution characteristics of the high-temperature carbonization furnace at different heating temperatures can be obtained. Comparing the cloud map of the temperature change in the furnace cavity at different heating temperatures at the monitoring surface, it can be seen that, as shown in Figure 3-Figure 6, the furnace The temperature distribution in the cavity is uneven, the temperature near the heating tube is the highest, and the heating effect of the graphite tube is obvious. The heating effect of the graphite rod with high thermal conductivity is obvious, and the temperature gradually increases with the increase of the heating power. In order to verify the simulation results of ANSYS, several simulations should be carried out, and the analysis results should be compared to obtain the best solution for the power and geometric size of the heating tube of the high temperature carbonization furnace. The invention can intuitively determine the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace, can better realize the judgment of the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high temperature carbonization furnace, and reasonably select the physical parameters and heating power of the graphite rod, so as to improve the heating performance of the high temperature carbonization furnace Provide theoretical basis for performance and reduce design cost.
本发明所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行的描述，并非对本发明构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下，本领域中工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的保护范围，本发明请求保护的技术内容，已经全部记载在权利要求书中。The embodiments of the present invention are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made should fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content claimed in the present invention has been fully recorded in the claims.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于所述方法包括有如下步骤：A method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    （1）、采用三维CAD软件SOLIDWORKS软件建立高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型，并设定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型的相关参数；(1) Use the 3D CAD software SOLIDWORKS to establish a 3D simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace, and set the relevant parameters of the 3D simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high temperature carbonization furnace;
    （2）、将步骤（1）建立的高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型传递到ICEM软件的Blocking模块中，在Blocking模块中采用O-Block方式对高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型进行网格划分, 网格划分策略采用BiGeometric方式，控制比率因子为默认值1.2，根据软件中网格质量的判断标准，同时保证整体结构的网格质量大于0.9，同时，定义所有三维仿真模型的进出口与壁面边界名称，包括加热管壁面和炉腔壁面边界名称；(2) Transfer the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace established in step (1) to the Blocking module of the ICEM software, and use the O-Block method to heat the graphite in the high-temperature carbonization furnace in the Blocking module. The three-dimensional simulation model of the rod and the furnace cavity is meshed. The meshing strategy adopts the BiGeometric method, and the control ratio factor is the default value of 1.2. According to the judgment standard of the mesh quality in the software, at the same time, ensure that the mesh quality of the overall structure is greater than 0.9, at the same time, define the boundary names of the inlet, outlet and wall of all 3D simulation models, including the boundary names of the heating tube wall and the furnace cavity wall;
    （3）、将步骤（2）中划分好网格的三维仿真模型导入ANSYS软件的FLUENT模块，并对FLUENT模块进行设置；(3) Import the 3D simulation model that has been meshed in step (2) into the FLUENT module of the ANSYS software, and set the FLUENT module;
    （4）、在ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块里设置温度检测面，并进行仿真运算得到结果，以此作为判定高温碳化炉石墨加热棒加热性能的指标；(4) Set the temperature detection surface in the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software, and perform simulation operations to obtain the results, which are used as indicators to determine the heating performance of the graphite heating rod in the high temperature carbonization furnace;
    （5）、在相同设置条件下，通过将高温碳化炉石墨加热棒和炉内腔体的三维仿真模型设置不同参数并重复步骤（1）-（4），以进行多次模拟计算，由高温碳化炉炉腔内温度分布特性云图，以此确定石墨棒的材料参数与加热功率。(5) Under the same setting conditions, set different parameters for the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod and the furnace cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and repeat steps (1)-(4) to perform multiple simulation calculations. The cloud map of the temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace cavity of the carbonization furnace is used to determine the material parameters and heating power of the graphite rod.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中设定的相关参数包括：内部炉腔几何形状和几何尺寸、石墨加热棒几何形状和几何尺寸。The method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein the relevant parameters set in step (1) include: internal furnace cavity geometry and geometric dimensions, graphite heating rod geometry shape and geometry.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中，对ANSYS软件中的FLUENT模块进行设置的过程如下：The method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (4), the process of setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
    （4.1）、在User Defined选项导入根据设备运行工艺参数编制的自定义温度参数；(4.1), in the User Defined option, import the custom temperature parameters prepared according to the operating process parameters of the equipment;
    （4.2）、在General选项中，将y方向Gravitational Acceleration 根据要求设定为预设值，time选项设置为Transient瞬态传热；(4.2) In the General option, set the Gravitational Acceleration in the y direction to the preset value according to the requirements, and set the time option to Transient transient heat transfer;
    （4.3）、将Models选项中的Energy勾选Energy Equation，Viscous Models选项中选取laminar 模型，为了判断炉腔内气流运动状态，引入雷诺数进行描述，雷诺数的计算公式为：(4.3) Check the Energy Equation in the Models option, and select the laminar model in the Viscous Models option. In order to judge the airflow movement state in the furnace cavity, the Reynolds number is introduced for description. The calculation formula of the Reynolds number is:
                                
    Figure dest_path_image001
    Figure dest_path_image001
    其中，其中 v 、ρ、μ分别为流体的流速、密度与黏性系数， d为特征长度。 Among them, where v , ρ, μ are the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, respectively, and d is the characteristic length.
  4. 通过雷诺数的计算，进而选择湍流模型为laminar模型；Through the calculation of the Reynolds number, the turbulence model is selected as the laminar model;
    （4.4）将Models选项中的Radiation Model勾选Surface to Surface，并在View Factor and Clustering选项点击Compute/Write/Read进行保存；(4.4) Check the Radiation Model in the Models option on Surface to Surface, and in View Factor and Clustering option click Compute/Write/Read to save;
    （4.5）、在Materials Fluid选项部分选择氧气和氮气，在Materials Solid选项部分新建加热棒材料，材料的属性包括有密度、比热容和导热系数，然后分别选择每种新建的石墨材料；(4.5), select oxygen and nitrogen in the Materials Fluid option section, and create a new heating rod material in the Materials Solid option section. The properties of the material include density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and then select each new graphite material separately;
    （4.6）、在Cell Zone Conditions选项中将Fluid1、Fluid2部分设为氮气；将Solid1、Solid2部分设为石墨材料；(4.6), in the Cell Zone Conditions option, set the Fluid1 and Fluid2 parts to nitrogen; set the Solid1 and Solid2 parts to graphite materials;
    （4.7）、在Boundary Conditions选项中设置保温材料之间的传热方式为Coupled，加热管表面设置为UDF定义每小时内热生成率，炉腔内与加热棒、加热棒与氮气之间传热方式为Coupled；(4.7), in the Boundary Conditions option, set the heat transfer method between insulation materials to Coupled, set the heating tube surface to UDF to define the heat generation rate per hour, and the heat transfer method between the furnace cavity and the heating rod, the heating rod and nitrogen is Coupled;
    （4.8）、选择Check case后进行计算；计算所用的高温碳化炉传热计算的三维数学模型，包含的三维连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程分别如下所示：(4.8) Calculate after selecting Check case; the three-dimensional mathematical model of heat transfer calculation of high-temperature carbonization furnace used for calculation, including three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation are as follows:
               
    Figure 75131dest_path_image002
    Figure 75131dest_path_image002
    式中， ρ-流体密度； t-时间；V-速度矢量，其中 u 、v 、w为V在 x、 y及 z三个方向上的分量； In the formula, ρ - fluid density; t - time; V - velocity vector, where u , v , w are the components of V in the three directions of x , y and z ;
    动量方程的Navier-Stokes方程：Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
                 
    Figure dest_path_image003
    Figure dest_path_image003
    其中， μ是动力黏度， F b 是微元上的体积力； Among them, μ is the dynamic viscosity, F b is the volume force on the micro-element;
    能量守恒方程：Energy conservation equation:
            
    Figure 25901dest_path_image004
    Figure 25901dest_path_image004
    其中， h为炉内气体的比焓； λ为炉内气体的导热系数； gradT为气体传热面法向温度梯度； S h 为气体内部的热源； Φ为气体的耗散函数； where h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; λ is the thermal conductivity of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; Sh is the heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
     
    Figure dest_path_image005
    Figure dest_path_image005
    热传导问题的控制方程根据Fourier传热定律和能量守恒方程来建立，对固体而言，其瞬态温度场T( x, y, z, t)满足以下方程: The governing equation of the heat conduction problem is established according to Fourier's law of heat transfer and the energy conservation equation. For a solid, its transient temperature field T( x , y , z , t ) satisfies the following equation:
             
    Figure 550423dest_path_image006
    Figure 550423dest_path_image006
    其中， ρ代表材料密度， C T 代表材料比热， κ x ， κ y ， κ z 分别代表沿 x， y， z方向的热传导系数，Q( x, y, z, t)代表物体内部热源强度。 Among them, ρ represents the density of the material, C T represents the specific heat of the material, κ x , κ y , κ z represent the thermal conductivity along the x , y , z directions, respectively, Q( x , y , z , t ) represents the intensity of the heat source inside the object .
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中，选择高温碳化炉石墨加热棒的三维仿真模型的监测面为过中心点的Y方向平面。The method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (4), the monitoring surface of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rods in the high-temperature carbonization furnace is selected as the one passing through the center point. Y-direction plane.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高温碳化炉中石墨棒加热性能的模拟方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）中，仿真运算得到结果包括有监测面的温度变化云图。The method for simulating the heating performance of graphite rods in a high-temperature carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (4), the result obtained by the simulation operation includes a temperature change cloud map of the monitoring surface.
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