CN112270109B - Method for simulating heating performance of graphite rod in high-temperature carbonization furnace - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A method for simulating heating performance of a graphite rod in a high-temperature carbonization furnace relates to the technical field of design analysis methods of high-temperature carbonization furnaces used in carbon fiber production processes. A simulation analysis method aiming at the problem that reasonable control temperature cannot be obtained in the design process of the existing high-temperature carbonization furnace comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a three-dimensional simulation model; (2) The three-dimensional simulation model is transmitted to a Blocking module of ICEM software for grid division; (3) Importing the three-dimensional simulation model into a FLUENT module of ANSYS software, and setting the FLUENT module; (4) Carrying out simulation operation to obtain a result, and taking the result as an index for judging the heating performance of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace; (5) Setting different parameters, repeating the steps (1) to (4), performing simulation calculation for multiple times, and determining the material parameters and the heating power of the graphite rod according to the temperature distribution characteristic cloud chart. The heating effect in the high-temperature carbonization furnace can be visually judged, and a theoretical basis is provided for improving the heating efficiency and reducing the design cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design analysis methods of high-temperature carbonization furnaces used in the production process of carbon fibers.
Background
The production of carbon fiber belongs to the high energy consumption industry, wherein high temperature carbonization furnace is one of the energy consumption big households in the carbon fiber production equipment, simultaneously, high temperature carbonization furnace also is the key equipment of carbon fiber production, mainly used carries out high temperature carbonization to the pre-oxidized fiber, makes it turn into the carbon fiber that carbon element content is more than 90%. The high-temperature carbonization furnace is an integration of high-temperature technology and high-temperature equipment, and the use temperature is generally 1000-1600 ℃. The heating principle of high temperature carbonization stove is, and the graphite rod that uses the electric energy heating to be located around the graphite muffle of high temperature carbonization stove makes it produce heat energy, then heats the graphite muffle close with it through the form of thermal radiation and convection current, and the heat transmits the inside of graphite muffle with heat-conducting mode again, and the different zone temperature of graphite muffle should present the homogeneity. The reasonable temperature control has many advantages, firstly, the qualification rate of products can be improved, the production efficiency is improved, and the service life of equipment can be prolonged. The temperature requirements of different positions of the high-temperature carbonization furnace are combined with the structure of the muffle at the corresponding position, so that the purpose of optimizing the structure can be achieved while the process requirements are met. Therefore, from the aspects of performance and economy, the performance design of the heating rod is one of the important links of the overall design of the high-temperature carbonization furnace.
When the temperature in the high-temperature carbonization furnace is actually controlled, the gas temperature outside the graphite muffle is taken as a measuring point, so that large errors exist, when the heating area is balanced, the temperature of the corresponding area in the graphite muffle is measured, and the temperature field of the graphite muffle is analyzed to obtain reasonable control temperature. Therefore, a reasonable design method needs to be selected, so that the internal temperature of the high-temperature carbonization furnace can reach the temperature meeting the specification.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, the invention provides a simulation method for heating performance of a graphite rod in a high-temperature carbonization furnace, aiming at the problem that a simulation analysis method for measuring the temperature of a corresponding region in a graphite muffle and analyzing a temperature field of the graphite muffle to obtain reasonable control temperature is lacked in the design process of the existing high-temperature carbonization furnace when a heating region reaches balance.
In order to solve the technical problems provided by the invention, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method for simulating heating performance of a graphite rod in a high-temperature carbonization furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace by adopting three-dimensional CAD software SOLIDWORKS software, and setting related parameters of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace;
(2) Transmitting the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace, which is established in the step (1), to a Blocking module of ICEM software, carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace in an O-Block mode in the Blocking module, wherein a grid division strategy adopts a BiGeometric mode, a control ratio factor is a default value of 1.2, the grid quality of the whole structure is ensured to be greater than 0.9 according to a judgment standard of the grid quality in the software, and the names of the inlet, the outlet and the wall boundary of all the three-dimensional simulation models are defined, including the names of the wall surfaces of the heating pipe and the cavity of the furnace;
(3) Importing the three-dimensional simulation model divided into the grids in the step (2) into a FLUENT module of ANSYS software, and setting the FLUENT module;
(4) Setting a temperature detection surface in a FLUENT module in ANSYS software, and carrying out simulation operation to obtain a result which is used as an index for judging the heating performance of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace;
(5) And under the same setting condition, setting different parameters for the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the three-dimensional simulation model of the cavity in the furnace, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) to perform simulation calculation for multiple times, and determining the material parameters and the heating power of the graphite rod according to the temperature distribution characteristic cloud chart in the cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace.
The technical scheme for further limiting the invention comprises the following steps:
the related parameters set in the step (1) comprise: internal furnace chamber geometry and geometry, graphite heater rod geometry and geometry.
In the step (4), the process of setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
(4.1) importing a User-Defined temperature parameter compiled according to the equipment operation process parameter in a User Defined option;
(4.2) in the General option, setting the y-direction gradient accumulation as a preset value according to requirements, and setting the time option as Transient heat transfer;
(4.3) selecting an Energy Equation from the Models options, selecting a laminar model from the Viscous Models options, and introducing a Reynolds number for judging the motion state of the airflow in the furnace cavity for description, wherein the Reynolds number has a calculation formula as follows:
wherein v, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is the characteristic length. Selecting a turbulence model as a laminar model through the calculation of Reynolds number;
(4.4) checking the Radiation Model in the Models option to the Surface, and clicking the computer/Write/Read option in the View Factor and Clusting option to save;
(4.5) selecting oxygen and nitrogen in a Materials Fluid option part, newly building a heating rod material in the Materials Solid option part, wherein the material properties comprise density, specific heat capacity and heat conductivity coefficient, and then respectively selecting each newly built graphite material;
(4.6) setting the parts of Fluid1 and Fluid2 as nitrogen in the Cell Zone Conditions option; setting Solid1 and Solid2 parts as graphite materials;
(4.7) setting the heat transfer mode among the heat-insulating materials as Coupled in the Boundary Conditions option, setting the surface of the heating pipe as UDF to define the heat generation rate in each hour, and setting the heat transfer mode among the furnace chamber, the heating rod and the nitrogen as Coupled;
(4.8) selecting Check case and then calculating; the three-dimensional mathematical model for calculating the heat transfer of the high-temperature carbonization furnace comprises the following three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation:
where ρ -fluid density; t-time; v-velocity vector, where u, V, w are the components of V in the three x, y and z directions;
Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
wherein μ is dynamic viscosity, F b Is the volume force on the infinitesimal;
energy conservation equation:
wherein h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; s h A heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
the governing equation for the heat transfer problem is established according to the Fourier's law of heat transfer and the energy conservation equation, for a solid, the transient temperature field T (x, y, z, T) satisfies the following equation:
where ρ represents the material density, C T Represents the specific heat, κ, of the material x ，κ y ，κ z Respectively representing the heat conduction coefficients along x, y and z directions, and Q (x, y, z and t) representing the intensity of a heat source inside the object.
And (4) selecting a monitoring surface of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace as a Y-direction plane passing through the central point.
In the step (4), the simulation operation results include a temperature change cloud chart of the monitoring surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the temperature distribution characteristics in the furnace chamber are simulated in the design process of the high-temperature carbonization furnace, so that the selection of the physical parameters and the geometric dimensions of the graphite heating rod is reasonably determined, the heating effect in the high-temperature carbonization furnace can be visually judged, the selection of the heating rod material can be better realized, and the geometric parameters of the heating rod can be determined, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the heating efficiency and reducing the design cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heating rod model established in the simulation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating rod model computational grid constructed in the simulation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3-6 are characteristic clouds of temperature distribution in the oven cavity at different heating powers of the monitoring surface according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the invention.
The invention discloses a method for simulating heating performance of a graphite rod in a high-temperature carbonization furnace, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the inner cavity body of the furnace by adopting three-dimensional CAD (Computer Aided Design) software SOLIDWORKS software, wherein as shown in figure 1, the three-dimensional simulation model sequentially comprises the following steps from outside to inside: the device comprises a nitrogen layer I1, a heating rod 2, a nitrogen layer II 3, a muffle furnace 4 and a nitrogen layer III 5; setting related parameters of a graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and a three-dimensional simulation model of the inner cavity of the furnace; the set relevant parameters at least comprise: internal furnace chamber geometry and geometry, graphite heater rod geometry and geometry.
(2) Respectively transmitting the three-dimensional simulation models of the graphite heating rod of the carbonization furnace and the inner cavity of the furnace, which are established in the step (1), to a Blocking module of ICEM software, and performing grid division on the three-dimensional simulation models in the Blocking module in an O-Block mode, as shown in FIG. 2; the grid division strategy adopts a BiGeometric mode, the control ratio factor is a default value of 1.2, the grid quality of the whole structure is guaranteed to be larger than 0.9 according to the judgment standard of the grid quality in software, and meanwhile, the names of the inlet, the outlet and the wall surface boundary of all three-dimensional simulation models are defined for setting calculation conditions in the later period, and the names mainly comprise the boundary names of the wall surface of the heating pipe and the wall surface of the furnace chamber.
(3) And (3) importing the three-dimensional simulation model divided into the grids in the step (2) into a FLUENT module of ANSYS software, and setting the FLUENT module.
(4) Setting a temperature detection surface in a FLUENT module in ANSYS software, and carrying out simulation operation to obtain a result which is used as an index for judging the heating performance of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace; specifically, selecting a monitoring surface of a three-dimensional simulation model of a graphite heating rod of a high-temperature carbonization furnace as a Y-direction plane passing through a central point; the simulation operation results include a temperature change cloud picture of the monitoring surface.
The specific process of setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
(4.1) importing a User-Defined temperature parameter compiled according to the equipment operation process parameter in a User Defined option;
(4.2) in the General option, setting the y-direction gradient accumulation as a preset value according to requirements, and setting the time option as Transient heat transfer;
(4.3) selecting an Energy Equation from the Models options, selecting a laminar model from the Viscous Models options, and introducing a Reynolds number for judging the motion state of the airflow in the furnace cavity for description, wherein the Reynolds number has a calculation formula as follows:
wherein v, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is the characteristic length. Selecting a turbulence model as a laminar model through the calculation of Reynolds number;
(4.4) check the Radiation Model in the Models option to Surface and click the computer/Write/Read in the View Factor and Cluster option to save.
(4.5) selecting oxygen and nitrogen in a Materials Fluid option part, newly building a heating rod material in the Materials Solid option part, wherein the material properties mainly comprise density, specific heat capacity and heat conductivity coefficient, and then respectively selecting each newly built graphite material;
(4.6) setting the parts of Fluid1 and Fluid2 as nitrogen in the Cell Zone Conditions option; setting Solid1 and Solid2 parts as graphite materials;
(4.7) setting the heat transfer mode among the heat-insulating materials as Coupled in the Boundary Conditions option, setting the surface of the heating pipe as UDF to define the heat generation rate in each hour, and setting the heat transfer mode among the furnace chamber, the heating rod and the nitrogen as Coupled;
(4.8) and calculating after selecting the Check case. The three-dimensional mathematical model for calculating the heat transfer of the high-temperature carbonization furnace comprises a three-dimensional continuity equation, a momentum equation and an energy equation which are respectively shown as follows:
where ρ -fluid density; t-time; v-velocity vector, where u, V, w are the components of V in the three x, y and z directions;
Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
wherein μ is dynamic viscosity, F b Is the volume force on the infinitesimal;
energy conservation equation:
wherein h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; s. the h A heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
the governing equation for the heat transfer problem is established according to the Fourier's law of heat transfer and the energy conservation equation, for a solid, the transient temperature field T (x, y, z, T) satisfies the following equation:
where ρ represents the material density, C T Represents the specific heat, κ, of the material x ，κ y ，κ z Respectively representing the heat conduction coefficients along x, y and z directions, and Q (x, y, z and t) representing the intensity of a heat source inside the object.
(5) And under the same setting condition, setting different parameters for the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the three-dimensional simulation model of the cavity in the furnace, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) to perform simulation calculation for multiple times, and determining the material parameters and the heating power of the graphite rod according to the temperature distribution characteristic cloud chart in the cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace.
The internal temperature distribution characteristic of the high-temperature carbonization furnace can be obtained by modifying the power of the heating pipe when different heating temperatures are obtained, and the temperature change cloud pictures in the furnace cavity can be seen by comparing different heating temperatures at the monitoring surface, as shown in figures 3-6, the temperature distribution in the furnace cavity is uneven, the temperature near the heating pipe is highest, the heating effect of the graphite pipe is obvious, the heating effect of the graphite rod with high heat conductivity coefficient is obvious, and the temperature is gradually increased along with the increase of the heating power. In order to verify the simulation result of ANSYS, simulation is carried out for multiple times, and the analysis result is compared to obtain the optimal scheme of the power and the geometric dimension of the heating pipe of the high-temperature carbonization furnace. The method can visually judge the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace, can better judge the heating performance of the graphite rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace, and reasonably selects the physical parameters and the heating power of the graphite rod, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the heating performance of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and reducing the design cost.
The described embodiments of the present invention are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention should be modified and improved by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention which are claimed are all described in the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A simulation method for heating performance of a graphite rod in a high-temperature carbonization furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace by adopting three-dimensional CAD software SOLIDWORKS software, and setting related parameters of the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace; the set relevant parameters comprise: the geometry and the dimension of the inner furnace chamber and the geometry and the dimension of the graphite heating rod;
(2) Transmitting the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace, which is established in the step (1), to a Blocking module of ICEM software, carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the cavity in the furnace in an O-Block mode in the Blocking module, wherein a grid division strategy adopts a BiGeometric mode, a control ratio factor is a default value of 1.2, the grid quality of the whole structure is ensured to be greater than 0.9 according to a judgment standard of the grid quality in the software, and the names of the inlet, the outlet and the wall boundary of all the three-dimensional simulation models are defined, including the names of the wall surfaces of the heating pipe and the cavity of the furnace;
(3) Importing the three-dimensional simulation model divided into the grids in the step (2) into a FLUENT module of ANSYS software, and setting the FLUENT module;
(4) Setting a temperature detection surface in a FLUENT module in ANSYS software, and carrying out simulation operation to obtain a result which is used as an index for judging the heating performance of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace; the procedure for setting the FLUENT module in the ANSYS software is as follows:
(4.1) importing a User-Defined temperature parameter compiled according to the equipment operation process parameter in a User Defined option;
(4.2) in the General option, setting the y-direction gradient accumulation as a preset value according to requirements, and setting the time option as Transient heat transfer;
(4.3) selecting an Energy Equation from the Models options, selecting a laminar model from the Viscous Models options, and introducing a Reynolds number for judging the motion state of the airflow in the furnace cavity for description, wherein the Reynolds number has a calculation formula as follows:
wherein v, rho and mu are respectively the flow velocity, density and viscosity coefficient of the fluid, and d is the characteristic length; selecting a turbulence model as a laminar model through the calculation of Reynolds number;
(4.4) checking the Radiation Model in the Models option to the Surface, and clicking the computer/Write/Read option in the View Factor and Clusting option to save;
(4.5) selecting oxygen and nitrogen in a Materials Fluid option part, newly building a heating rod material in the Materials Solid option part, wherein the material properties comprise density, specific heat capacity and heat conductivity coefficient, and then respectively selecting each newly built graphite material;
(4.6) setting the parts of Fluid1 and Fluid2 as nitrogen in the Cell Zone Conditions option; setting Solid1 and Solid2 parts as graphite materials;
(4.7) setting the heat transfer mode among the heat-insulating materials as Coupled in the Boundary Conditions option, setting the surface of the heating pipe as UDF to define the heat generation rate in each hour, and setting the heat transfer mode among the furnace chamber, the heating rod and the nitrogen as Coupled;
(4.8) selecting Check case and then calculating; the three-dimensional mathematical model for calculating the heat transfer of the high-temperature carbonization furnace comprises the following three-dimensional continuity equation, momentum equation and energy equation:
in the formula, ρ 1 -a fluid density; t-time; v-velocity vector, where u, V, w are the components of V in the three x, y and z directions;
Navier-Stokes equation for momentum equation:
wherein μ is dynamic viscosity, F b Is the volume force on the infinitesimal;
energy conservation equation:
wherein h is the specific enthalpy of the gas in the furnace; lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the gas in the furnace; gradT is the normal temperature gradient of the gas heat transfer surface; s h A heat source inside the gas; Φ is the dissipation function of the gas;
the governing equation for the heat transfer problem is established according to the Fourier's law of heat transfer and the energy conservation equation, for a solid, the transient temperature field T (x, y, z, T) satisfies the following equation:
where ρ is 2 Represents the density of the material, C T Representative of specific heat, κ, of the material x ，κ y ，κ z Respectively representing the heat conduction coefficients along x, y and z directions, and Q (x, y, z and t) representing the intensity of a heat source inside the object;
selecting a monitoring surface of a three-dimensional simulation model of the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace as a Y-direction plane passing through a central point;
(5) And under the same setting condition, setting different parameters for the graphite heating rod of the high-temperature carbonization furnace and the three-dimensional simulation model of the cavity in the furnace, and repeating the steps (1) to (4) to perform simulation calculation for multiple times, and determining the material parameters and the heating power of the graphite rod according to the temperature distribution characteristic cloud chart in the cavity of the high-temperature carbonization furnace.
2. The method for simulating the heating performance of the graphite rod in the high-temperature carbonization furnace according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the simulation operation results include a temperature change cloud chart of the monitoring surface.
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