WO2022099575A1 - 一种波束宽度可控背腔天线 - Google Patents

一种波束宽度可控背腔天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022099575A1
WO2022099575A1 PCT/CN2020/128510 CN2020128510W WO2022099575A1 WO 2022099575 A1 WO2022099575 A1 WO 2022099575A1 CN 2020128510 W CN2020128510 W CN 2020128510W WO 2022099575 A1 WO2022099575 A1 WO 2022099575A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reflective
cavity
enclosure
wavelengths
bottom plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/128510
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段文
肖伟宏
白雪
道坚丁九
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202080106899.9A priority Critical patent/CN116472645A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/128510 priority patent/WO2022099575A1/zh
Priority to EP20961132.6A priority patent/EP4235961A4/en
Publication of WO2022099575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022099575A1/zh
Priority to US18/314,967 priority patent/US20230282974A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width.
  • the antenna unit Under the action of the reflective backplane, if the antenna unit needs to achieve a narrower beam and higher gain, an array is usually used to achieve it. However, the feeding network of the array design of multiple elements is more complicated and the cost is higher.
  • the spacing between the antenna elements can be increased, the number of antenna array elements of the same length can be reduced, and the feeding network can be simplified.
  • a cavity-backed antenna with a height of 0.35 wavelength and a height of less than 0.5 wavelength, it can be composed of a square back cavity and a symmetric array radiation source, and the upper H-shaped dielectric rod is used to fix the symmetric array and the square enclosure.
  • the horizontal beamwidth and vertical beamwidth are basically the same. Therefore, the horizontal beamwidth and vertical beamwidth change at the same time in the 45-degree polarization state, and it is difficult to control the horizontal beam separately. width and vertical beamwidth.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width. Since the reflection base plate is rectangular, and the reflection base plate and the metal enclosure form the main radiation cavity, that is, the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not symmetrical, so the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so the horizontal beam width can be controlled separately in the polarization state. and the beam width of the vertical plane. Secondly, the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of sub-radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, so that the electric field can be uniformly distributed, thereby improving the antenna gain.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width.
  • the cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width includes a radiation unit, a reflection bottom plate, a metal enclosure, a first reflection surface, and a main radiation cavity.
  • the radiation unit is placed on the reflective bottom plate and is below the first reflective surface, and the reflective bottom plate is rectangular, and the reflective bottom plate of the reflective bottom plate is longer than the reflective bottom plate width of the reflective bottom plate.
  • the metal enclosure includes four enclosure surfaces, wherein the four enclosure surfaces include two first enclosure surfaces and two second enclosure surfaces, the first enclosure surfaces are electrically connected to the long sides of the reflective bottom plate, and the first enclosure surfaces are The second frame surface is electrically connected to the short side of the reflective bottom plate, and the two ends of the first reflection surface are electrically connected to the two first frame surfaces of the metal frame. , or a secondary reflective surface and a partially reflective surface, and the reflective bottom plate and the metal enclosure form a main radiation cavity, and the primary radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of secondary radiation cavities by the first reflective surface.
  • the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetric structure, so the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so in the polarization state
  • the beam width of the horizontal plane and the beam width of the vertical plane can be controlled separately.
  • the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of secondary radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, so that the electric field can be uniformly distributed, thereby improving the antenna gain.
  • the distance between the center point of the radiation unit and the center point of the reflection base plate is in the range of 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency point in the working frequency band.
  • the distance between the reflective bottom plate and the first reflective surface ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.
  • the reflection range of the first reflection surface can be controlled by the different distances between the reflection bottom plate and the first reflection surface, thereby improving the flexibility of the solution.
  • the included angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • a certain angle may exist between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate, and when the included angle is within the range of the included angle, the high gain of the antenna can be ensured, and the flexibility of the solution can be improved.
  • the first reflective surface is a sub-reflective surface or a partially reflective surface
  • the reflectance coefficient of the partially reflective surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9
  • the height of the metal enclosure ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength .
  • the height range of the metal enclosing frame can ensure the increase of the antenna gain, thereby improving the feasibility of this solution.
  • the width of the central region of the sub-reflection surface or the partially reflective surface ranges from 0.1 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength, the central region is located in the upper region of the radiation unit, and the upper region is at the center of the radiation unit.
  • the offset is 0 to 0.1 wavelengths, and the connection range of the electrical connection regions that are electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces of the metal enclosure at both ends of the sub-reflecting surface or the partially reflecting surface is greater than 0, and less than or is equal to between 0.6 wavelengths.
  • the specific shape of the sub-reflection surface is not limited, and since the central area is located above the radiation unit, the sub-reflection surface or the partially reflecting surface can divide the main radiation cavity into a plurality of sub-radiation cavities. On the premise of satisfying high gain, the flexibility of this scheme is improved.
  • the length of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • the wavelength of the vertical plane can be controlled through the range of the lengths of the different reflection backplanes, so as to complete the independent control of the beam width of the vertical plane, thereby improving the feasibility of this solution.
  • the first reflection surface is two sub-reflection surfaces and a partial reflection surface
  • the reflection coefficient of the partial reflection surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9
  • the partial reflection surface and the two sub-reflection surfaces are respectively Electrical connection, no connection between the 2 sub-reflection surfaces.
  • the first reflecting surface divides the asymmetric main radiation cavity into three sub-radiating cavities through the first reflecting surface, and the number of the sub-radiating cavities is increased, thereby further uniformly distributing the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain .
  • the height of the metal enclosure ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.
  • connection range of the electrical connection regions where the partially reflective surface is electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces of the metal enclosure is a wavelength range of 0 to 0.7, and the sub-reflection surface is connected to the metal enclosure.
  • the connection range of the electrical connection regions where the two first enclosure surfaces of the enclosure are electrically connected is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelengths.
  • the size ranges corresponding to the sub-reflection surfaces and the partial reflection surfaces are respectively limited, so as to ensure the improvement of the antenna gain and improve the performance of the antenna. feasibility of the plan.
  • the length of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the width of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetric structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so that the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width can be controlled respectively in the polarization state.
  • the main radiation cavity of the antenna is not a symmetrical structure, the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent, so that the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width can be controlled respectively in the polarization state.
  • the symmetrical main radiation cavity is divided into multiple sub-radiation cavities through the first reflecting surface, which can realize the uniform distribution of the electric field, thereby improving the antenna gain.
  • the horizontal and vertical plane beams of multiple traditional antenna units can be realized through a single antenna unit. Therefore, the feeding network of the array can be simplified and the cost of the array can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a base station antenna feeder system in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic structural diagram of a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 For a more specific understanding of the base station antenna feeder system used in the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 For a more specific understanding of the base station antenna feeder system used in the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to FIG. 1.
  • A11 and A12 indicate the antenna adjustment bracket
  • A2 indicates the pole
  • A3 indicates the antenna
  • A41 and A42 indicate the joint seal
  • A51, A52 and A53 indicate the grounding device, so the antenna adjustment bracket, pole, antenna
  • the joint sealing member and the grounding device may constitute a base station antenna-feeder system, wherein the joint sealing member may be an insulating sealing tape or a PVC insulating tape, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the base station antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
  • B1 indicates the radiation unit
  • B2 indicates the reflector
  • B3 indicates the transmission network Or calibration network
  • B4 indicates the phase shifting network
  • B5 indicates the combiner or filter
  • B6 indicates the antenna connector. Therefore, the base station antenna contains at least one independent array composed of the radiation unit B1 and the reflector B2, wherein the frequency of the radiation unit B1 may be the same or different, which is not limited here, and the radiation unit B1 is usually placed above the reflector B2.
  • the array formed by the radiation unit B1 and the reflector B2 receives or transmits radio frequency signals through the respective corresponding feeding networks.
  • the feeding network can realize different radiation beam directions through the transmission network B3, or connect with the calibration network B3 to obtain the calibration signal required by the system.
  • Modules such as filter B5 are used to extend the performance, and the base station antenna is located in the radome.
  • the radiating element can also be called an antenna vibrator, a vibrator, etc.
  • the radiating element is a unit that constitutes the basic structure of the antenna array, and the radiating element can effectively radiate or receive radio waves.
  • Reflecting plate including the reflecting bottom plate, metal enclosure and first reflecting surface mentioned in the embodiments of this application.
  • the reflector may also be referred to as a base plate, an antenna panel, a metal reflector, or the like.
  • the reflector is used to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal, to reflect the antenna signal at the receiving point, thereby enhancing the receiving and transmitting capability of the antenna, and also to block and shield other radio waves from the back (reverse direction) from receiving signals. interference.
  • the feeding network feeds the signal to the radiation unit according to a certain amplitude and phase, or sends the received wireless signal to the signal processing unit of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase.
  • the feed network usually consists of controlled impedance transmission lines, and secondly, the feed network may include phase shifters, and in some cases, the feed network may also include devices such as combiners and filters.
  • the radome is a structural component used to protect the antenna system from the external environment.
  • the radome has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance, and can withstand the external harsh environment in mechanical performance.
  • lens antennas, resonant cavity antennas, reflect array antennas and back-firing antennas are all narrow-beam high-gain units.
  • the lens antenna loads a medium with a low dielectric constant above the antenna at a wavelength of more than one wavelength to transmit the antenna in the direction of propagation.
  • the spherical wave is converted into a plane wave, increasing the gain.
  • the resonant cavity antenna uses a half wavelength above the antenna floor to load a part of the reflective surface, and the electromagnetic wave is reflected multiple times between the part of the reflective surface and the antenna floor, and finally radiates out in equal phase to improve the gain.
  • the basic structure of the reflectarray antenna is a single-screen or multi-screen periodic array composed of a large number of passive resonant elements, and then a feed source illuminates the array, and by adjusting the scattering phase of each element on the dielectric plate for the incident wave, so that The reflected waves are in the same phase in a specific direction, and a pencil beam with strong directivity is emitted.
  • the lens antenna, the resonant cavity antenna and the reflection array antenna are large in size, high in height and difficult to process.
  • a metal plate with a size equal to or even slightly larger than the diameter of the antenna is placed above the antenna floor of the back-firing antenna at one-half wavelength.
  • a part of the electromagnetic wave is emitted from the periphery of the secondary reflector, a part of the electromagnetic wave is reflected back through the floor and then reflected out, and a part of the electromagnetic wave is reflected back to the bottom plate and then reflected out through the side baffle, and finally all the emitted electromagnetic waves are superimposed in the same phase to achieve a gain improvement , the height is moderate, the gain is high, the sidelobe is low, and it is easy to process.
  • the horizontal beamwidth and the vertical beamwidth in the 45-degree polarization state will change simultaneously, and it is difficult to control the horizontal beamwidth and the vertical beamwidth respectively.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a cavity-backed antenna with a controllable beam width, which can respectively control the beam width of the horizontal plane and the beam width of the vertical plane in a polarization state, and improve the antenna gain.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beamwidth in the embodiment of the present application.
  • C1 indicates the radiation unit
  • C2 indicates the reflective bottom plate
  • C3 indicates the metal enclosure
  • C4 indicates the first reflection surface
  • C5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width includes a radiation unit C1, a reflection base plate C2, a metal enclosure C3, a first reflection surface C4 and a main radiation cavity C5.
  • C21 indicates the long side of the reflection floor
  • C22 indicates the short side of the reflection floor
  • C31 indicates the first frame surface
  • C32 indicates the second frame surface
  • C33 indicates the height of the metal frame
  • C61 and C62 indicate the secondary radiation Cavity
  • C7 indicates that both ends of the first reflective surface C4 correspond to the electrical connection regions that are electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces C31 of the metal enclosure C3.
  • the radiation unit C1 is placed on the reflective bottom plate C2 and is below the first reflective surface C4, the reflective bottom plate C2 is rectangular, and the length of the reflective bottom plate C2 is the length of the long side C21 of the reflective bottom plate C2, while the reflective bottom plate C2 is rectangular.
  • the width of the reflecting bottom plate of the bottom plate C2 is the length of the short side C22 of the reflecting bottom plate C2, so the length of the reflecting bottom plate of the reflecting bottom plate C2 should be larger than the width of the reflecting bottom plate of the reflecting bottom plate C2.
  • the distance between the center point of the radiation unit C1 and the center point of the reflection base plate C2 is 0 to 0.1 wavelengths
  • the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are the wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency points in the working frequency band.
  • the radiating element can be any form of radiating element, and any form of radiating element includes, but is not limited to, patches, symmetrical arrays, and slits, etc., and the radiating element can also be a radiating element in any polarization state.
  • Radiation elements include but are not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ⁇ 45° dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.
  • the metal enclosure C3 includes four enclosure surfaces, and the four enclosure surfaces include two first enclosure surfaces C31 and two second enclosure surfaces C32, and the metal enclosure C3 is electrically connected to the reflective bottom plate C2 in a surrounding manner, That is, the metal enclosure C3 is arranged around the reflective floor C2, and the two first enclosure surfaces C31 are electrically connected to the long side C21 of the reflective substrate C2, and the two second enclosure surfaces C32 are electrically connected to the short side C22 of the reflective substrate C. connect.
  • the included angle between the metal enclosure C3 and the reflective bottom plate C2 ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • both ends of the first reflective surface C4 are correspondingly electrically connected to the two first surrounding frame surfaces C31 of the metal surrounding frame C3, wherein the first reflective surface C4 may be a sub-reflection surface, a partial reflection surface or a sub-reflection surface.
  • the partially reflective surface this embodiment is described by taking the first reflective surface as a sub-reflective surface or a partially reflective surface as an example, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the embodiment.
  • the distance between the reflective bottom plate C2 and the first reflective surface C4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.
  • the first reflective surface C4 is a sub-reflective surface or a partially reflective surface
  • the height range corresponding to the height C33 of the metal enclosure C3 at this time is 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the reflection coefficient of the partially reflecting surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.
  • the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be rectangular, or the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be circular, or the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be irregular shapes with different widths, which is not the case in this embodiment.
  • the specific shape of the reflective surface or partially reflective surface is defined.
  • this embodiment takes the first reflective surface C4 as a rectangle as an example for description, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the embodiment. Further, since the first reflection surface C4 in this embodiment is rectangular, the connection range of the electrical connection region C7 is 0 to 0.6 wavelengths.
  • the length of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths
  • the width of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths. That is, the length of the long side C21 of the reflective substrate C2 is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side C22 of the reflective substrate C2 is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • the reflective bottom plate C2 and the metal enclosure C3 can form the main radiation cavity C5, and the main radiation cavity C5 is divided into a plurality of sub-radiation cavities by the first reflecting surface C4.
  • the main radiation cavity C5 The cavity C5 is divided into two sub-radiation cavities by the first reflecting surface C4, and the two sub-radiation cavities are the sub-radiation cavity C61 and the sub-radiation cavity C62.
  • the main radiation cavity C5 of the antenna is also not symmetrical, so the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width are inconsistent.
  • the beam width of the horizontal plane and the beam width of the vertical plane can be controlled separately in the polarization state.
  • the asymmetric main radiation cavity is divided into a plurality of sub-radiation cavities through the first reflection surface, which can realize the electric field. Evenly distributed, thereby increasing the antenna gain.
  • the included angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees, while the included angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is 90 degrees, in order to further To understand this solution, then in the cavity-backed antenna with controllable beam width provided by the embodiment of the present application, the angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate is not equal to 90 degrees, and the first reflective surface is a sub-reflective surface or a partially reflective surface situation is described in detail.
  • FIG. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the beamwidth controllable cavity-backed antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
  • D1 indicates the radiation unit
  • D2 indicates the reflective base plate
  • D3 indicates the metal enclosure
  • D4 indicates the first reflecting surface
  • D5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the beam width controllable cavity-backed antenna includes a radiation unit D1, a reflection base plate D2, a metal enclosure D3, a first reflection surface D4 and a main radiation cavity D5.
  • D21 indicates the long side of the reflection floor
  • D22 indicates the short side of the reflection floor
  • D31 indicates the first frame surface
  • D32 indicates the second frame surface
  • D33 indicates the height of the metal frame
  • D61 and D62 indicate the secondary radiation Cavity
  • D7 indicates that the two ends of the first reflective surface D4 correspond to the electrical connection areas electrically connected to the two first enclosing frame surfaces D31 of the metal enclosure D3
  • D81 indicates the clip between the first enclosing frame surface D31 and the reflective bottom plate D2 angle
  • D81 indicates the included angle between the second enclosure surface D32 and the reflective bottom plate D2.
  • the connection relationship between the radiation unit D1, the reflection bottom plate D2, the metal enclosure D3, and the first reflection surface D4 is similar to that of the embodiment described in FIG. 3, and is not repeated here.
  • the angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate D2 includes the first enclosure surface D31.
  • the included angle D81 and the reflective bottom plate D2, and the included angle D82 between the second frame surface D32 and the reflective bottom plate D2, and the included angle D81 and the included angle D82 may be the same or different, but the included angle D81 and the included angle D82
  • the value range of D is in the range greater than or equal to 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and the specific values of the included angle D81 and the included angle D82 are not limited here.
  • the distance between the center point of the radiation unit D1 and the center point of the reflection base plate D2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelengths.
  • the distance between the reflective bottom plate D2 and the first reflective surface D4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.
  • the radiating element can be any form of radiating element, and any form of radiating element includes, but is not limited to, patches, symmetrical arrays, and slits, etc., and the radiating element can also be a radiating element in any polarization state.
  • Radiation elements include but are not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ⁇ 45° dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.
  • the height D33 of the metal enclosure D3 corresponds to a height range of 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the reflection coefficient of the partially reflecting surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.
  • the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be rectangular, or the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be circular, or the secondary reflection surface or the partially reflective surface may be irregular shapes with different widths, which is not correct in this embodiment.
  • the specific shape of the sub-reflective surface or the partially reflective surface is defined.
  • this embodiment is described by taking the first reflective surface D4 as a rectangle as an example, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the embodiment. Further, since the first reflective surface D4 is rectangular in this embodiment, the connection range of the electrical connection region D7 is 0 to 0.6 wavelengths.
  • the length of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths
  • the width of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths. That is, the length of the long side D21 of the reflective bottom plate D2 is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side D22 of the reflective bottom plate D2 is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • this embodiment does not reflect the sub-reflection surface.
  • the specific shape of the face or partially reflective surface is defined.
  • the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 both describe the case where the sub-reflection surface or the partially-reflecting surface is rectangular.
  • the sub-reflection surface or the partially-reflecting surface of the embodiment of the present application is not rectangular. situation is described in detail.
  • FIG. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the beamwidth controllable cavity-backed antenna according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • E1 indicates the radiation unit
  • E2 indicates the reflective base plate
  • E3 indicates the metal enclosure
  • E4 indicates the first Reflecting surface
  • E5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the beam width controllable cavity-backed antenna includes a radiation element E1, a reflection base plate E2, a metal enclosure E3, a first reflection surface E4 and a main radiation cavity E5.
  • E21 indicates the long side of the reflection floor
  • E22 indicates the short side of the reflection floor
  • E31 indicates the first frame surface
  • E32 indicates the second frame surface
  • E33 indicates the height of the metal frame
  • E61 and E62 indicate the secondary radiation Cavity
  • E7 indicates the central area
  • E71 indicates the broad side of the central area
  • the central area E7 is directly above the radiation element
  • E8 indicates that the two ends of the first reflective surface E4 correspond to the two first enclosures of the metal enclosure E3.
  • the electrical connection area where the frame surface E31 is electrically connected.
  • the connection relationship between the radiation unit E1 , the reflection bottom plate E2 , the metal enclosure E3 and the first reflection surface E4 is similar to that of the embodiment described in FIG. 3 , and details are not repeated here.
  • the first reflecting surface E4 is a sub-reflecting surface or a partially reflecting surface, and the sub-reflecting surface or the partially reflecting surface is not rectangular. Therefore, the first reflecting surface E4 includes a central area E7, and the central area E7 is in the radiation In the upper area of the unit E1, the offset between the upper area and the center point of the radiation unit E1 is 0 to 0.1 wavelength, and the value range (width range) of the broad side E71 of the center area E7 is 0.1 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength. Secondly, the connection range of the electrical connection region E8 is between greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.6 wavelengths.
  • the distance between the center point of the radiation element E1 and the center point of the reflective base plate E2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelengths
  • the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are the wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency points in the working frequency band.
  • the distance between the reflective bottom plate E2 and the first reflective surface E4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.
  • the radiating element can be any form of radiating element, and any form of radiating element includes, but is not limited to, patches, symmetrical arrays, and slits, etc., and the radiating element can also be a radiating element in any polarization state.
  • Radiation elements include but are not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ⁇ 45° dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.
  • the included angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate are at 90 degrees, it is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the bottom plate is not at 90 degrees, it is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , and details are not repeated here.
  • the first reflective surface is a sub-reflective surface or a partially reflective surface
  • the height range corresponding to the height E33 of the metal enclosure E3 at this time is 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the reflection coefficient of the partially reflecting surface ranges from 0.5 to 0.9.
  • the length of the reflective backplane ranges from 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths
  • the width of the reflective backplane ranges from 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths. That is, the length of the long side E21 of the reflective substrate E2 is in the range of 1.2 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side E22 of the reflective substrate E2 is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • the foregoing embodiments have introduced various situations in which the first reflecting surface is a sub-reflecting surface or a partially reflecting surface.
  • the case of partially reflective surfaces is described in detail. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the angle between the metal enclosure and the reflective bottom plate is 90 degrees, and the first reflective surface is a rectangle as an example for description. In the case where the included angle is not 90 degrees and the first reflective surface is not rectangular, the specific implementation is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , and thus will not be repeated.
  • FIG. 6 is another structural schematic diagram of the beamwidth controllable cavity-backed antenna in the embodiment of the present application.
  • F1 indicates the radiation unit
  • F2 indicates the reflective base plate
  • F3 indicates the metal enclosure
  • F4 indicates the first Reflecting surface
  • F5 indicates the main radiation cavity. Therefore, the beam width controllable cavity-backed antenna includes a radiation element F1, a reflection base plate F2, a metal enclosure F3, a first reflection surface F4 and a main radiation cavity F5.
  • F21 indicates the long side of the reflection floor
  • F22 indicates the short side of the reflection floor
  • F31 indicates the first frame surface
  • F32 indicates the second frame surface
  • F33 indicates the height of the metal frame F3.
  • the first reflection surface F4 It is a sub-reflecting surface and a partially reflecting surface, so F41 indicates a partially reflecting surface, F42 and F43 indicate a sub-reflecting surface, F61 and F62 indicate a sub-radiation cavity, and F71 indicates that the two ends of the partially reflecting surface F41 correspond to the two metal enclosures F3
  • the two ends of the metal enclosure correspond to the electrical connection areas that are electrically connected to the two first enclosure surfaces F31 of the metal enclosure F3.
  • the reflection coefficient of the partially reflective surface F41 is in the range of 0.5 to 0.9
  • the partially reflective surface F41 is electrically connected to the sub-reflection surface F42
  • the partially reflective surface F41 is electrically connected to the sub-reflection surface F43
  • the sub-reflection surface F42 and the sub-reflection surface F43 are electrically connected There is no connection between them.
  • the radiation unit F1 is placed on the reflective bottom plate F2, and is located below the first reflecting surface F4 formed by the partially reflecting surface F41, the sub-reflecting surface F42 and the sub-reflecting surface F43, the reflecting bottom plate F2 is rectangular, and the reflection of the reflecting bottom plate F2
  • the length of the bottom plate is the length of the long side F21 of the reflecting bottom plate F2
  • the width of the reflecting bottom plate of the reflecting bottom plate F2 is the length of the short side F22 of the reflecting bottom plate F2. Therefore, the length of the reflecting bottom plate of the reflecting bottom plate F2 should be greater than that of the reflecting bottom plate F2. width.
  • the distance between the center point of the radiation element F1 and the center point of the reflection base plate F2 ranges from 0 to 0.1 wavelengths
  • the wavelengths introduced in the embodiments of the present application are the wavelengths corresponding to the center frequency points in the working frequency band.
  • the radiating element can be any form of radiating element, and any form of radiating element includes, but is not limited to, patches, symmetrical arrays, and slits, etc., and the radiating element can also be a radiating element in any polarization state.
  • Radiation elements include but are not limited to 0° linear polarization, 90° linear polarization, ⁇ 45° dual polarization, circular polarization, etc., which are not specifically limited here.
  • the metal enclosing frame F3 includes four enclosing frame surfaces, and the four enclosing frame surfaces include two first enclosing frame surfaces F31 and two second enclosing frame surfaces F32, and the metal enclosing frame F3 is electrically connected to the reflective bottom plate F2 in a surrounding manner, That is, the metal enclosure F3 is arranged around the reflection floor F2, and the two first enclosure surfaces F31 are electrically connected to the long side F21 of the reflection substrate F2, and the two second enclosure surfaces F32 are electrically connected to the short side F22 of the reflection substrate F. connect.
  • the included angle between the metal enclosure frame F3 and the reflective bottom plate F2 ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the metal enclosing frame and the reflective bottom plate are at 90 degrees, it is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , and when the metal enclosing frame and the reflecting bottom plate are not at 90 degrees, it is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the distance between the reflective bottom plate F2 and the first reflective surface F4 ranges from 0.3 wavelength to 0.6 wavelength.
  • the height range corresponding to the height F33 of the metal enclosure F3 at this time is 0.3 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength.
  • the secondary reflective surface and the partially reflective surface may be rectangular, or the secondary reflective surface or the partially reflective surface may be circular, or the secondary reflective surface or the partially reflective surface may be irregular shapes with different widths, which is not the case in this embodiment.
  • the specific shape of the reflective surface or partially reflective surface is defined.
  • this embodiment is described by taking the sub-reflection surface and the partially-reflecting surface as rectangles as an example, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the embodiment.
  • the minor-reflection surface and the partially-reflecting surface are not rectangular, the specific implementation is similar As described in the embodiment of FIG. 5 .
  • connection range of the electrical connection area F71 is 0.4 wavelength to 0.7 wavelength
  • connection range of the electrical connection area F72 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength
  • connection range of the electrical connection area F73 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength
  • connection length of the electrical connection area F72 and the electrical connection area F73 may or may not be the same, which is not limited here.
  • the length of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths
  • the width of the reflective bottom plate is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths. That is, the length of the long side F21 of the reflection base plate F2 is in the range of 1.5 wavelengths to 2 wavelengths, and the length of the short side F22 of the reflection base plate F2 is in the range of 0.4 wavelengths to 0.9 wavelengths.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not be implemented in the present application.
  • the implementation of the examples constitutes no limitation.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种波束宽度可控背腔天线，用于波束宽度独立控制，并提升天线增益。波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元，反射底板，金属围框，第一反射面以及主辐射腔，辐射单元置于反射底板上，且处于第一反射面下方，反射底板为矩形，反射底板的反射底板长度大于反射底板的反射底板宽度，金属围框与反射底板环绕连接，且金属围框包括4个围框面，4个围框面包括2个第一围框面以及2个第二围框面，第一围框面与反射底板的长边电连接，第二围框面与反射底板的短边电连接，第一反射面的两端对应与金属围框的2个第一围框面电连接，第一反射面为次反射面和/或部分反射表面，反射底板与金属围框构成主辐射腔，主辐射腔被第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔。

Description

一种波束宽度可控背腔天线 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种波束宽度可控背腔天线。
背景技术
天线单元在反射底板的作用下，若需要要实现更窄的波束和更高的增益，通常采用阵列来实现。然而多个阵子的阵列设计的馈电网络较为复杂，成本较高。
目前，若单个天线单元的波束宽度较窄，那么天线阵子之间的间距可以增大，相同长度的天线阵列阵子数目减少，馈电网络简化。例如，在高度为0.35波长高，小于0.5波长高度背腔天线设计中，可以通过方形背腔和一个对称阵子辐射源组成，上方的H型介质杆用于固定对称阵子和方形围框。
然而，由于该天线的辐射背腔是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束宽度也基本一致，因此在45度极化状态下的水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度同时变化，难以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种波束宽度可控背腔天线。由于反射底板为矩形，且反射底板与金属围框构成主辐射腔，即天线的主辐射腔不是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束宽度不一致，从而在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度，其次，将不对称的主辐射腔通过第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔，能够实现电场均匀分布，由此提升天线增益。
本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种波束宽度可控背腔天线，该波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元，反射底板，金属围框，第一反射面以及主辐射腔。其中，辐射单元置于反射底板上，且处于第一反射面下方，而反射底板为矩形，该反射底板的反射底板长度大于反射底板的反射底板宽度，其次，金属围框与反射底板环绕连接，且金属围框包括4个围框面，其中，4个围框面包括2个第一围框面以及2个第二围框面，第一围框面与反射底板的长边电连接，第二围框面与反射底板的短边电连接，且第一反射面的两端对应与金属围框的2个第一围框面电连接，该第一反射面为次反射面，部分反射表面，或次反射面和部分反射表面，且反射底板与金属围框构成主辐射腔，主辐射腔被第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔。
在该实施方式中，由于反射底板为矩形，且反射底板与金属围框构成主辐射腔，因此天线的主辐射腔不是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束宽度不一致，从而在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度，其次，将不对称的主辐射腔通过第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔，能够实现电场均匀分布，由此提升天线增益。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，辐射单元中心点与反射底板中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长，波长为工作频段内中心频点对应波长。
在该实施方式中，辐射单元中心点与反射底板中心点之间在一定范围存在偏移，能够提升本方案的可行性以及灵活性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，反射底板与第一反射面之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
在该实施方式中，通过反射底板与第一反射面之间不同的距离，能够控制第一反射面的反射范围，从而提升本方案的灵活性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角范围为45度至90度。
在该实施方式中，金属围框与反射底板之间可以存在一定夹角，在夹角处于夹角范围的情况下可以保证天线的高增益，并提升本方案的灵活性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面，部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9，且金属围框的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。
在该实施方式中，第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面时，金属围框所处于的高度范围能够保证天线增益的提升，由此提升本方案的可行性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，次反射面或部分反射表面的中心区域的宽度范围为0.1波长至0.6波长，该中心区域处于辐射单元的上方区域，上方区域与辐射单元的中心点的偏移量为0至0.1波长，并且次反射面或部分反射表面的两端对应与金属围框的2个第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.6波长之间。
在该实施方式中，不限定次反射面的具体形状，且由于中心区域处于辐射单元的上方区域，因此次反射面或部分反射表面可以将主辐射腔分为多个次辐射腔，由此可以在满足高增益的前提下，提升本方案的灵活性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，反射底板的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
在该实施方式中，通过不同反射底板的长度的范围能够控制垂直面的波宽，从而完成对垂直面波束宽度的独立控制，从而提升本方案的可行性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，第一反射面为2个次反射面和部分反射表面，部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9，且部分反射表面分别与2个次反射面电连接，2个次反射面之间无连接。
在该实施方式中，第一反射面将不对称的主辐射腔通过第一反射面分为3个次辐射腔，增加次辐射腔的数量，从而进一步地使得电场均匀分布，由此提升天线增益。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，金属围框的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，部分反射表面与金属围框的2个第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围为0至0.7波长的范围，且次反射面与金属围框的2个第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.25波长之间。
在该实施方式中，具体限定在第一反射面为2个次反射面和部分反射表面的情况下，次反射面和部分反射表面分别对应的尺寸范围，由此保证天线增益的提升，提升本方案的可行性。
在本申请的一种可选实施方式中，反射底板的长度范围为1.5波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
在该实施方式中，由于天线的主辐射腔不是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束 宽度不一致，从而在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度。
通过本申请提供的技术方案，由于天线的主辐射腔不是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束宽度不一致，从而在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度，其次，将不对称的主辐射腔通过第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔，能够实现电场的均匀分布，由此提升天线增益，再次，通过单个天线单元能够实现多个传统天线单元的水平面和垂直面波束宽度，由此可以简化阵列的馈电网络，降低阵列成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的系统架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中基站天线的架构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线一个结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。另外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
为了更好地理解本申请实施例公开的一种波束宽度可控背腔天线，下面先对本发明实施例使用的基站天馈系统的系统架构进行描述，通常由基站天线、基站馈线、抱杆、天线调整支架等组成基站天馈系统，为了更为具体地理解本发明实施例所使用的基站天馈系统，请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例中基站天馈系统的系统架构示意图，如图所示，A11以及A12指示天线调整支架，A2指示抱杆，A3指示天线，A41以及A42指示接头密封件，A51，A52以及A53指示接地装置，因此由天线调整支架，抱杆，天线，接头密封件以及接地装置可以组成基站天馈系统，其中接头密封件可以为绝缘密封胶带或PVC绝缘胶带，具体本申请实施例不做限定。
为了便于具体理解基站天馈系统中天线架构，请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例中基站天线的架构示意图，如图所示，B1指示辐射单元，B2指示反射板，B3指示传动网络或校准网络，B4指示移相网络，B5指示合路器或滤波器，B6指示天线接头。因此，基站天线内含有辐射单元B1和反射板B2所组成的至少一个独立阵列，其中辐射单元B1的频率可以相同或者不同，具体此处不做作限定，且辐射单元B1通常放置于反射板B2上方，然后 辐射单元B1和反射板B2所组成阵列通过各自对应的馈电网络接收或发射射频信号。其次，馈电网络可以通过传动网络B3实现不同辐射波束指向，或者与校准网络B3连接以获取系统所需的校准信号，进一步地，馈电网络包括移相网络B4，还可以包括合路器或滤波器B5等用于扩展性能的模块，且基站天线位于天线罩中。
为了便于理解，这里对本申请实施例涉及到的一些术语或概念进行解释。
一、辐射单元
辐射单元还可以被称为天线振子、振子等，辐射单元是构成天线阵列基本结构的单元，辐射单元能有效地辐射或接收无线电波。
二、反射板(包括本申请实施例中所提及的反射底板，金属围框以及第一反射面)
反射板还可以被称为底板、天线面板、金属反射面等。反射板用于提高天线信号的接收灵敏度，将天线信号反射聚集在接收点上，由此增强天线的接收以及发射能力，还起到阻挡、屏蔽来自后背(反方向)的其它电波对接收信号的干扰作用。
三、馈电网络
馈电网络将信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送到辐射单元或者将接收到的无线信号按照一定的幅度、相位发送到基站的信号处理单元。馈电网络通常由受控的阻抗传输线构成，其次，馈电网络可以包括移相器，而在一些情况下，馈电网络还可以包括合路器和滤波器等器件。
四、天线罩
天线罩是用于保护天线系统免受外部环境影响的结构件，天线罩在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性，并且机械性能上能经受外部恶劣环境的作用。
目前，透镜天线，谐振腔天线，反射阵天线以及背射天线均为窄波束高增益单元，其中，透镜天线通过在天线上方一个波长以上的区域加载低介电常数的介质，将天线传播方向上的球面波转换为平面波，提升增益。谐振腔天线利用天线地板上方二分之一波长处加载部分反射面，电磁波在部分反射面与天线地板之间多次反射，最终等相位辐射出去，提升增益。反射阵天线的基本结构是由大量的无源谐振单元组成的单屏或多屏周期性阵列，然后由一个馈源照射该阵列，通过调节介质板上每个单元对于入射波的散射相位，使得反射波在特定的方向上实现同相位，发射出方向性极强的笔形波束，所述透镜天线，谐振腔天线以及反射阵天线的尺寸大，高度高且难加工。其次，背射天线的天线地板上方二分之一波长处放置一块尺寸与阵子口径相当甚至略大的金属板，作为天线的次反射板，地板四周围绕一圈二分之一波长高度的金属挡板，一部分电磁波从次反射板周围绕射出去，一部分电磁波反射回来通过地板再反射出去，一部分电磁波反射回底板后再通过侧边挡板反射出去，最终所有发射出去的电磁波同相叠加，实现增益提升，高度适中，增益高，副瓣低，易加工。前述窄波束高增益单元中，在45度极化状态下的水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度会同时变化，难以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种波束宽度可控背腔天线，用于在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度，并且提升天线增益。
下面对本申请实施例提供的波束宽度可控背腔天线进行详细描述，请参阅图3，图3为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线一个结构示意图，如图所示，C1指示辐射单元， C2指示反射底板，C3指示金属围框，C4指示第一反射面，C5指示主辐射腔。因此，波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元C1，反射底板C2，金属围框C3，第一反射面C4以及主辐射腔C5。进一步地，C21指示反射地板的长边，C22指示反射地板的短边，C31指示第一围框面，C32指示第二围框面，C33指示金属围框C3的高度，C61以及C62指示次辐射腔，C7指示第一反射面C4的两端对应与金属围框C3的2个第一围框面C31电连接的电连接区域。
具体地，辐射单元C1置于反射底板C2上，且处于第一反射面C4下方，反射底板C2为矩形，且反射底板C2的反射底板长度即为反射底板C2的长边C21的长度，而反射底板C2的反射底板宽度即为反射底板C2的短边C22的长度，因此反射底板C2的反射底板长度应大于反射底板C2的反射底板宽度。
具体地，辐射单元C1中心点与反射底板C2中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长，本申请实施例中所介绍的波长均为工作频段内中心频点对应波长。
可选地，辐射单元可以为任意形式的辐射元件，任意形式的辐射元件包括但不限于贴片、对称阵子以及缝隙等，辐射单元也可以为任意极化状态的辐射元件，任意极化状态的辐射元件包括但不限于0°线极化，90°线极化，±45°双极化以及圆极化等，具体此处不做限定。
进一步地，金属围框C3包括4个围框面，4个围框面包括2个第一围框面C31以及2个第二围框面C32，金属围框C3与反射底板C2环绕电连接，即金属围框C3是围绕反射地板C2设置的，并且2个第一围框面C31与反射底板C2的长边C21电连接，2个第二围框面C32与反射底板C的短边C22电连接。
可选地，金属围框C3与反射底板C2之间的夹角范围为45度至90度。
再进一步地，第一反射面C4的两端对应与金属围框C3的2个第一围框面C31电连接，其中，第一反射面C4可以为次反射面，部分反射表面或者次反射面和部分反射表面，本实施例以第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面作为示例进行说明，但这不应理解为实施例的限定。
具体地，反射底板C2与第一反射面C4之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
具体地，由于第一反射面C4为次反射面或部分反射表面，此时金属围框C3的高度C33对应的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。其次，在第一反射面C4为部分反射表面时，部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9。
可选地，次反射面或部分反射表面可以为矩形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为圆形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为宽度不同的不规则形状，本实施例不对次反射面或部分反射表面的具体形状进行限定。其次，为了便于理解，本实施例以第一反射面C4为矩形作为示例进行说明，但这不应理解为实施例的限定。进一步地，由于本实施例中第一反射面C4为矩形，因此电连接区域C7的连接范围为0至0.6波长。
具体地，反射底板的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。即反射底板C2的长边C21的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，而反射底板C2的短边C22的长度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
因此，通过前述介绍可知，反射底板C2与金属围框C3可以构成主辐射腔C5，而主辐 射腔C5被第一反射面C4分为多个次辐射腔，在本申请实施例中，主辐射腔C5被第一反射面C4分为2个次辐射腔，且2个次辐射腔为次辐射腔C61以及次辐射腔C62。
本申请实施例中，由于反射底板C2呈矩形不对称设计，而反射底板与金属围框构成主辐射腔，因此天线的主辐射腔C5也不是对称结构，因此水平波束宽度和垂直波束宽度不一致，通过这样的不对称设计可以在极化状态下可以分别控制水平面波束宽度和垂直面波束宽度，其次，将不对称的主辐射腔通过第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔，能够实现电场的均匀分布，由此提升天线增益。
其次，由于金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角范围为45度至90度，而图3所示出的实施例中金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角为90度，为了进一步地理解本方案，那么下面对本申请实施例提供的波束宽度可控背腔天线中，金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角不等于90度，且第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面的情况进行详细描述。
请参阅图4，图4为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图，如图所示，如图所示，D1指示辐射单元，D2指示反射底板，D3指示金属围框，D4指示第一反射面，D5指示主辐射腔。因此，波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元D1，反射底板D2，金属围框D3，第一反射面D4以及主辐射腔D5。进一步地，D21指示反射地板的长边，D22指示反射地板的短边，D31指示第一围框面，D32指示第二围框面，D33指示金属围框D3的高度，D61以及D62指示次辐射腔，D7指示第一反射面D4的两端对应与金属围框D3的2个第一围框面D31电连接的电连接区域，D81指示第一围框面D31与反射底板D2之间的夹角，D81指示第二围框面D32与反射底板D2之间的夹角。本实施例中辐射单元D1，反射底板D2，金属围框D3以及第一反射面D4之间的连接关系与图3所介绍的实施例类似，在此不再赘述。
可选地，由于金属围框D3是由2个第一围框面D31以及2个第二围框面D32组成的，因此金属围框与反射底板D2之间夹角包括第一围框面D31与反射底板D2之间的夹角D81，以及第二围框面D32与反射底板D2之间的夹角D82，且夹角D81以及夹角D82可以相同或者不同，但夹角D81以及夹角D82的取值范围均处于大于或等于45度且小于90度的范围，夹角D81以及夹角D82的具体取值此处不做限定。
具体地，辐射单元D1中心点与反射底板D2中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长。
具体地，反射底板D2与第一反射面D4之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
可选地，辐射单元可以为任意形式的辐射元件，任意形式的辐射元件包括但不限于贴片、对称阵子以及缝隙等，辐射单元也可以为任意极化状态的辐射元件，任意极化状态的辐射元件包括但不限于0°线极化，90°线极化，±45°双极化以及圆极化等，具体此处不做限定。
具体地，由于第一反射面D4为次反射面或部分反射表面，此时金属围框D3的高度D33对应的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。其次，在第一反射面D4为部分反射表面时，部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9。
可选地，次反射面或部分反射表面为可以为矩形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为圆形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为宽度不同的不规则形状，本实施例不对次反射面或部分反射表面的具体形状进行限定。其次，为了便于理解，本实施例以第一反射面D4为矩形 作为示例进行说明，但这不应理解为实施例的限定。进一步地，由于本实施例中第一反射面D4为矩形，因此电连接区域D7的连接范围为0至0.6波长。
具体地，反射底板的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。即反射底板D2的长边D21的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，而反射底板D2的短边D22的长度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
其次，由于次反射面或部分反射表面可以为矩形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为圆形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为宽度不同的不规则形状，本实施例不对次反射面或部分反射表面的具体形状进行限定。而图3以及图4所示出实施例均介绍的是次反射面或部分反射表面为矩形的情况，为了进一步地理解本方案，那么下面对本申请实施例次反射面或部分反射表面不为矩形的情况进行详细描述。
请参阅图5，图5为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图，如图所示，E1指示辐射单元，E2指示反射底板，E3指示金属围框，E4指示第一反射面，E5指示主辐射腔。因此，波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元E1，反射底板E2，金属围框E3，第一反射面E4以及主辐射腔E5。进一步地，E21指示反射地板的长边，E22指示反射地板的短边，E31指示第一围框面，E32指示第二围框面，E33指示金属围框E3的高度，E61以及E62指示次辐射腔，E7指示中心区域，E71指示中心区域E7的宽边，该中心区域E7处于辐射单元E1的正上方，E8指示第一反射面E4的两端对应与金属围框E3的2个第一围框面E31电连接的电连接区域。本实施例中辐射单元E1，反射底板E2，金属围框E3以及第一反射面E4之间的连接关系与图3所介绍的实施例类似，在此不再赘述。
具体地，本实施例中第一反射面E4为次反射面或部分反射表面，且次反射面或部分反射表面不为矩形，因此，第一反射面E4包括中心区域E7，中心区域E7处于辐射单元E1的上方区域，该上方区域与辐射单元E1的中心点的偏移量为0至0.1波长，中心区域E7的宽边E71的取值范围(宽度范围)为0.1波长至0.6波长。其次，电连接区域E8的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.6波长之间。
具体地，辐射单元E1中心点与反射底板E2中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长，本申请实施例中所介绍的波长均为工作频段内中心频点对应波长。
具体地，反射底板E2与第一反射面E4之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
可选地，辐射单元可以为任意形式的辐射元件，任意形式的辐射元件包括但不限于贴片、对称阵子以及缝隙等，辐射单元也可以为任意极化状态的辐射元件，任意极化状态的辐射元件包括但不限于0°线极化，90°线极化，±45°双极化以及圆极化等，具体此处不做限定。
可选地，金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角范围为45度至90度，其次，金属围框与反射底板为90度时与图3所示实施例类似，而金属围框与反射底板不为90度时与图4所示实施例类似，在此均不再分别赘述。
具体地，由于第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面，此时金属围框E3的高度E33对应的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。其次，在第一反射面为部分反射表面时，部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9。
具体地，反射底板的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长 至0.9波长。即反射底板E2的长边E21的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，而反射底板E2的短边E22的长度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
再进一步地，前述实施例对于第一反射面为次反射面或部分反射表面的多种情况进行了介绍，为了进一步地理解本方案，那么下面对本申请实施例第一反射面为次反射面和部分反射表面的情况进行详细描述。应理解，本实施例以金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角为90度，且第一反射面为矩形作为示例进行说明，在实际应用中，还存在金属围框与反射底板之间的夹角不为90度，且第一反射面不为矩形的情况，具体实施方式与图4以及图5所示实施例类似，因此不再赘述。
请参阅图6，图6为本申请实施例中波束宽度可控背腔天线另一结构示意图，如图所示，F1指示辐射单元，F2指示反射底板，F3指示金属围框，F4指示第一反射面，F5指示主辐射腔。因此，波束宽度可控背腔天线包括辐射单元F1，反射底板F2，金属围框F3，第一反射面F4以及主辐射腔F5。进一步地，F21指示反射地板的长边，F22指示反射地板的短边，F31指示第一围框面，F32指示第二围框面，F33指示金属围框F3的高度，由于第一反射面F4为次反射面和部分反射表面，因此F41指示部分反射表面，F42以及F43指示次反射面，F61以及F62指示次辐射腔，F71指示部分反射表面F41的两端对应与金属围框F3的2个第一围框面F31电连接的电连接区域，F72指示次反射面F42的两端对应与金属围框F3的2个第一围框面F31电连接的电连接区域，F73指示次反射面F43的两端对应与金属围框F3的2个第一围框面F31电连接的电连接区域。
具体地，部分反射表面F41的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9，部分反射表面F41与次反射面F42电连接，以及部分反射表面F41与次反射面F43电连接，次反射面F42以及次反射面F43之间无连接。
其次，辐射单元F1置于反射底板F2上，且处于部分反射表面F41，次反射面F42以及次反射面F43所构成的第一反射面F4下方，反射底板F2为矩形，且反射底板F2的反射底板长度即为反射底板F2的长边F21的长度，而反射底板F2的反射底板宽度即为反射底板F2的短边F22的长度，因此反射底板F2的反射底板长度应大于反射底板F2的反射底板宽度。
具体地，辐射单元F1中心点与反射底板F2中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长，本申请实施例中所介绍的波长均为工作频段内中心频点对应波长。
可选地，辐射单元可以为任意形式的辐射元件，任意形式的辐射元件包括但不限于贴片、对称阵子以及缝隙等，辐射单元也可以为任意极化状态的辐射元件，任意极化状态的辐射元件包括但不限于0°线极化，90°线极化，±45°双极化以及圆极化等，具体此处不做限定。
进一步地，金属围框F3包括4个围框面，4个围框面包括2个第一围框面F31以及2个第二围框面F32，金属围框F3与反射底板F2环绕电连接，即金属围框F3是围绕反射地板F2设置的，并且2个第一围框面F31与反射底板F2的长边F21电连接，2个第二围框面F32与反射底板F的短边F22电连接。
可选地，金属围框F3与反射底板F2之间的夹角范围为45度至90度。金属围框与反射底板为90度时与图3所示实施例类似，而金属围框与反射底板不为90度时与图4所示 实施例类似，在此均不再分别赘述。
具体地，反射底板F2与第一反射面F4之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
具体地，由于第一反射面F4为次反射面以及部分反射表面，此时金属围框F3的高度F33对应的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。
可选地，次反射面和部分反射表面可以为矩形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为圆形，或，次反射面或部分反射表面为宽度不同的不规则形状，本实施例不对次反射面或部分反射表面的具体形状进行限定。为了便于理解，本实施例以次反射面和部分反射表面为矩形作为示例进行说明，但这不应理解为实施例的限定，当次反射面和部分反射表面不为矩形时，具体实施方式类似于图5实施例所介绍的。进一步地，由于本实施例中次反射面和部分反射表面为矩形，因此电连接区域F71的连接范围为0.4波长至0.7波长，电连接区域F72的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.25波长之间，电连接区域F73的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.25波长之间，且电连接区域F72与电连接区域F73的连接长度可以相同也可以不通，在此不做限定。
具体地，反射底板的长度范围为1.5波长至2波长，反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。即反射底板F2的长边F21的长度范围为1.5波长至2波长，而反射底板F2的短边F22的长度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
应理解，图3至图6中的例子仅仅是为了便于本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例，并非要将本申请实施例限于例示的具体场景。本领域技术人员根据图3至图6的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
还应理解，本申请实施例的各个方案可以进行合理的组合使用，并且实施例中出现的各个术语的解释或说明可以在各个实施例中互相参考或解释，对此不作限定。
还应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统，装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，包括辐射单元，反射底板，金属围框，第一反射面以及主辐射腔；
    所述辐射单元置于所述反射底板上，且处于所述第一反射面下方；
    所述反射底板为矩形，其中，所述反射底板的反射底板长度大于所述反射底板的反射底板宽度；
    所述金属围框与所述反射底板环绕连接，且所述金属围框包括4个围框面，其中，4个围框面包括2个第一围框面以及2个第二围框面，所述第一围框面与所述反射底板的长边电连接，所述第二围框面与所述反射底板的短边电连接；
    所述第一反射面的两端对应与所述金属围框的2个所述第一围框面电连接，其中，所述第一反射面为次反射面和/或部分反射表面；
    所述反射底板与所述金属围框构成所述主辐射腔；
    所述主辐射腔被所述第一反射面分为多个次辐射腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述辐射单元中心点与所述反射底板中心点的距离范围为0至0.1波长，所述波长为工作频段内中心频点对应波长。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述反射底板与所述第一反射面之间的距离范围为0.3波长至0.6波长。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述金属围框与所述反射底板之间的夹角范围为45度至90度。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述第一反射面为所述次反射面或所述部分反射表面，所述部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9；
    所述金属围框的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述次反射面或所述部分反射表面的中心区域的宽度范围为0.1波长至0.6波长，其中，所述中心区域处于所述辐射单元的上方区域，所述上方区域与所述辐射单元的中心点的偏移量为0至0.1波长；
    所述次反射面或所述部分反射表面的两端对应与所述金属围框的2个所述第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.6波长之间。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述反射底板的长度范围为1.2波长至2波长，所述反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述第一反射面为2个所述次反射面和所述部分反射表面，所述部分反射表面的反射系数范围为0.5至0.9；
    所述部分反射表面分别与2个所述次反射面电连接，2个所述次反射面之间无连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述金属围框的高度范围为0.3波长至0.7波长。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述部分反射 表面与所述金属围框的2个所述第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围为0.4波长至0.7波长的范围；
    所述次反射面与所述金属围框的2个所述第一围框面电连接的电连接区域的连接范围处于大于0，且小于或等于0.25波长之间。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的波束宽度可控背腔天线，其特征在于，所述反射底板的长度范围为1.5波长至2波长，所述反射底板的宽度范围为0.4波长至0.9波长。
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