WO2020000364A1 - 一种天线及无线设备 - Google Patents

一种天线及无线设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020000364A1
WO2020000364A1 PCT/CN2018/093669 CN2018093669W WO2020000364A1 WO 2020000364 A1 WO2020000364 A1 WO 2020000364A1 CN 2018093669 W CN2018093669 W CN 2018093669W WO 2020000364 A1 WO2020000364 A1 WO 2020000364A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal layer
lens
layer
antenna
dielectric layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/093669
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程钰间
孔龙
陈一
罗昕
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201880059048.6A priority Critical patent/CN111052507B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/093669 priority patent/WO2020000364A1/zh
Publication of WO2020000364A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020000364A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an antenna and a wireless device.
  • the antennas have higher gains to ensure longer communication distances and achieve faster communication rates.
  • the antennas also need to be able to work in higher frequency bands.
  • the millimeter wave band is required to have a wide working bandwidth to ensure a large channel capacity and accommodate multiple users at the same time; the antenna needs to be able to achieve beam coverage in a larger spatial range on the azimuth plane to achieve the full azimuth plane. Angle of user coverage.
  • the antenna needs to have the capability of wideband, high gain, and wide beam coverage to meet the needs of point-to-multiple data link communication and multipoint backhaul.
  • the antenna needs to have a lower profile, smaller size, and only requires It provides a smaller range of beam scanning to avoid target deviation due to jitter or environmental changes.
  • a lens antenna is an antenna capable of converting a spherical or cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave by electromagnetic waves, thereby obtaining a pencil, fan, or other shape beam.
  • the structure of the lens antenna has good rotational symmetry, and at the same time each beam has a full-aperture gain.
  • a wide coverage can be achieved by placing multiple feed antennas; a fast beam can be achieved by integrating microwave switches between multiple feed antennas scanning. Therefore, the lens antenna can be used as the forefront in modern communication systems to meet the requirements for communication rate, channel capacity and user coverage in modern communication systems.
  • the flat Lumbo lens or flat lens dielectric layer provides a better method for large-scale coverage of the azimuth plane.
  • a flat lens is formed by sandwiching a Lambertian lens structure or a lens dielectric layer in a parallel slab waveguide, with the center of symmetry of the lens as the origin, and arranging multiple feed sources around an array of circle centers in the incident surface of the lens. The source can realize beams in different directions, thereby achieving large-angle coverage of the beam on the azimuth plane, but this structure cannot achieve beam scanning on the elevation plane.
  • the two-dimensional beam scanning using the lens structure can be achieved by using a spherical lens or a plurality of flat lens antennas in the form of an array perpendicular to the azimuth plane.
  • a spherical lens such as a ball Lambert lens structure
  • multiple feed antennas can be placed on one side of the spherical lens or one feed antenna can be moved around the spherical lens to achieve scanning of the beam in two dimensions.
  • spherical lenses require that the dielectric constant change uniformly with the radius, which is limited by the processing technology.
  • multiple concentric spherical layers with different dielectric constants are equivalently substituted, which is difficult to process.
  • the antenna 1 includes two flat lens antennas 01 and metal layers 02 disposed on both sides of the flat lens antenna 01, and multiple arrays are used to feed in the direction of the elevation plane. Feeding the antenna can achieve beam scanning on the elevation plane, but because the thickness of the flat lens antenna 01 is close to a wavelength, and the metal layer 02 also has a certain thickness, the distance between the feed antenna elements is large, which causes the antenna to achieve pitching.
  • a higher level of side lobes 04 will appear on both sides of the main lobes 03 (as shown by the electromagnetic wave pattern on the right in Figure 1). The appearance of the side lobes 04 will affect the gain of the main lobes 03, and Will receive more interference signals.
  • the antenna and the wireless device provided by the embodiments of the present application solve the problems of high processing difficulty of the existing two-dimensional beam scanning antennas and high-level sidelobes that occur when beam scanning on the elevation plane is implemented.
  • the present application provides an antenna including a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a third metal layer that are arranged in an orderly interval, and a first lens dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, A second lens dielectric layer is provided between the second metal layer and the third metal layer.
  • Each of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer includes an incident surface and an exit surface. The incident surface of the first lens dielectric layer is used to receive the first lens dielectric layer.
  • An electromagnetic wave emitted from a feed antenna, the incident surface of the second lens dielectric layer is used to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna have an initial phase difference
  • the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer
  • the third metal layer extends along the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the third metal layer The radius of is larger than the radius of other metal layers; when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to sweep toward the third metal layer
  • the first metal layer along a direction of an outgoing emitting surface extending in the radius of the first metal layer is larger than the radius of the other metal layers.
  • the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts the form of a stack of multiple flat lens antennas to realize two-dimensional scanning of the antenna on the elevation plane and the azimuth plane. Therefore, it is not necessary to make a spherical lens with high processing difficulty, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the antenna. .
  • the third metal layer extends along the exit direction of the exit surface to make the third The radius of the metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
  • the upper and lower dielectric layers of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the first lens dielectric layer are both air or vacuum dielectric layers, and the upper surfaces of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the second lens dielectric layer are
  • the side dielectric layer is an air or vacuum dielectric layer, and the lower dielectric layer is a metal dielectric layer.
  • phase change amount ⁇ ⁇ * D (where ⁇ is the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave and D is the propagation distance of the electromagnetic wave), and the electromagnetic wave is in the metal layer the propagation constant ⁇ 1 is smaller than the wave propagation constant in vacuum or air beta] 2, can be obtained, under the same propagation distance D, the amount of the first phase change layer dielectric lens radiated electromagnetic wave will lead ⁇ 1 radiation in the second lens medium layer of a phase change amount of the electromagnetic wave ⁇ 2, which can lead to change direction of electromagnetic waves in FIG such sidelobe level drop of the electromagnetic wave .
  • the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to scan in a direction close to the third metal layer
  • the first metal layer extends along the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the first The radius of the metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
  • the phase change amount ⁇ 2 of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer is ahead of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens dielectric layer.
  • the phase change amount ⁇ 1 of ⁇ 1 causes the pattern of the electromagnetic wave to change, so that the level of the sidelobe of the electromagnetic wave decreases.
  • the second metal layer and the third metal layer are along The exit direction of the exit surface is extended so that the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer are sequentially increased; when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to When scanning in a direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer and the second metal layer extend along the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer decrease in order.
  • a fourth metal layer and a fifth metal layer are arranged at intervals on a side of the third metal layer remote from the second metal layer, and a third lens medium is provided between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer.
  • a fourth lens dielectric layer is provided between the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer, the incident surface of the third lens dielectric layer is used to receive the electromagnetic wave emitted from the third feed antenna, and the incident surface of the fourth lens dielectric layer is used
  • the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna have a first initial phase difference
  • the electromagnetic wave emitted from the third feed antenna and the fourth feed antenna are emitted
  • the electromagnetic wave has a second initial phase difference, the first initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, and the second initial phase difference causes the third lens The electromagnetic waves radi
  • the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer, and the fifth metal layer are all equal to 84 mm, and the first lens medium layer, the second lens medium layer, and the third lens
  • each layer of the lens dielectric layer has a cylindrical structure, and the two bottom surfaces of the cylindrical structure are respectively attached to the metal layers on both sides thereof, and the incident surface and the exit surface are the sides of the cylindrical structure. portion.
  • the lens medium layers of each layer are coaxially arranged, and the diameter and thickness of each lens medium layer are equal.
  • each metal layer is a disc-shaped structure, and the axis of each metal layer coincides with the axis of the lens dielectric layer. Therefore, the antenna can ensure the scanning consistency of each beam when scanning in the azimuth plane.
  • each metal layer and each lens medium layer are connected through the screws extending in the axial direction of the lens medium layer.
  • the lens dielectric layer may be made of a polystyrene crosslinked resin 1422 type material.
  • each of the lens dielectric layers is connected to multiple feed antennas, and the multiple feed antennas are distributed along a circumferential direction of the incident surface of the lens dielectric layer. Thereby, scanning of the azimuth plane can be realized.
  • the feed antenna may be a Yagi antenna, a horn antenna, or a slot antenna.
  • the feed antenna may be a Yagi antenna made of a substrate integrated waveguide.
  • the present application further provides a wireless device, including a baseband, a radio frequency module, a cable, and an antenna.
  • the radio frequency module is respectively connected to the baseband and the antenna through a cable.
  • the antenna is the antenna disclosed in the first aspect.
  • the baseband is used to convert a digital signal to an intermediate frequency analog signal and send it to the radio frequency module.
  • the radio frequency module is used to convert the intermediate frequency analog signal to The radio frequency signal is sent to the antenna; the antenna is used to convert the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and radiate to space.
  • the RF module converts the IF analog signal into a RF signal and sends it to the antenna, including: converting the IF analog signal into a RF signal; sequentially amplifying and filtering the RF signal to obtain the processed RF Sending the processed radio frequency signal to an antenna; converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal by the antenna includes: converting the processed radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • the wireless device provided in the embodiment of the present application uses a stack of multiple flat lens antennas to realize two-dimensional scanning of the antenna on the elevation and azimuth planes. Therefore, it is not necessary to make a spherical lens with high processing difficulty, thereby reducing the antenna. Processing difficulty. And when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer and the second lens dielectric layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, corresponding to the radiation area of the exit surface, the first The radius of the tri-metal layer is larger than that of other metal layers.
  • the first lens dielectric layer radiates at the same propagation distance.
  • the phase of the emitted electromagnetic wave will be ahead of the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer, thereby causing the pattern of the electromagnetic wave to be changed, so that the level of the sidelobe of the electromagnetic wave is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-plate lens antenna array
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal layer arrangement of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another metal layer arrangement manner of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna having a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of a lens antenna with a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a lens antenna with a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a comparison result chart of the simulated reflection coefficient of the antenna of FIG. 5 and the reflection coefficient of the dark room test;
  • FIG. 9 is a relationship diagram between peak gain and frequency of the antenna of FIG. 5; FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a comparison diagram of the test and simulation results of the antenna pattern of the antenna of FIG. 5 when inputted to the feed port A and the feed port B respectively;
  • FIG. 11 is a test pattern diagram when the antenna of FIG. 5 inputs signals of different frequencies at the feed port A;
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a metal layer and a maximum directivity of a beam under different ⁇ d conditions of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a normalized directional diagram of the antenna when ⁇ d is 0 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application when ⁇ d is 4 mm;
  • FIG. 15 is a normalized directional diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application when ⁇ d is 8 mm;
  • FIG. 16 is a normalized directional pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application when ⁇ d is 16 mm;
  • FIG. 17 is a normalized directional diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application when ⁇ d is 24 mm;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • An antenna is a converter that transforms a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa.
  • Lens antenna An antenna that can convert a spherical or cylindrical wave from a point or line source to a plane wave to obtain a pencil, fan, or other shape beam.
  • Yagi antenna It is an end-fire antenna composed of an active oscillator, a passive reflector, and several passive directors arranged in parallel.
  • Azimuth plane a plane parallel to the ground plane, that is, a plane perpendicular to the axis O in FIG. 5.
  • Elevation plane a plane perpendicular to the ground plane, that is, a plane passing through the axis O in FIG. 5.
  • Propagation constant It indicates the amount of phase change of the electromagnetic wave within a unit propagation length.
  • the propagation constants of different dielectric materials are different.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, which includes a first metal layer 11, a second metal layer 12, and a third metal layer 13, which are arranged in an orderly interval, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12.
  • a first lens dielectric layer 21 is provided therebetween, and a second lens dielectric layer 22 is provided between the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13.
  • the first lens dielectric layer 21 includes an entrance surface 212 and an exit surface 211.
  • the lens dielectric layer 22 includes an incident surface 222 and an exit surface 221.
  • the incident surface 212 of the first lens dielectric layer 21 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by a first feed antenna (not shown in the figure).
  • Surface 222 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by a second feed antenna (not shown in the figure).
  • the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second feed antenna have an initial phase difference.
  • the initial phase difference causes the first lens
  • the third metal layer 13 extends along the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the radius of the third metal layer 13 Larger than the radius of other metal layers;
  • the phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer 21 and the second lens dielectric layer 22 to scan in a direction close to the third metal layer 13, the first metal layer 11 extends along the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the first The radius of the metal layer 11 is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
  • the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts the form of a stack of multiple flat lens antennas to realize two-dimensional scanning of the antenna on the elevation plane and the azimuth plane. Therefore, it is not necessary to make a spherical lens with high processing difficulty, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the antenna. .
  • the third metal layer 13 extends along the exit direction of the exit surface. , So that the radius of the third metal layer 13 is larger than that of other metal layers. As shown in FIG. 2, the portion of the third metal layer 13 having a radius exceeding the other metal layers is ⁇ d.
  • the upper and lower dielectric layers of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first lens dielectric layer 21 are both An air or vacuum medium layer
  • the upper medium layer of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second lens medium layer 22 is an air or vacuum medium layer
  • the lower medium layer is a metal medium layer (that is, a ⁇ d portion of the third metal layer 13).
  • the propagation constant ( ⁇ 2 ) of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first lens dielectric layer 21 in a dielectric layer composed of two air or vacuum dielectric layers is greater than the electromagnetic wave radiated by the second lens dielectric layer 22 by one air or vacuum dielectric layer,
  • the propagation constant in the dielectric layer composed of another metal dielectric layer between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 ), so that it can be obtained that, under the same propagation distance d (both ⁇ d), the first lens dielectric layer
  • the phase change amount ⁇ 1 of the electromagnetic wave radiated from 21 will be ahead of the phase change amount ⁇ 2 of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer 22, which may cause a change in the electromagnetic wave pattern and reduce the sidelobe
  • the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer 21 and the second lens dielectric layer 22 to scan in a direction close to the third metal layer 13
  • the first metal layer 11 extends along the exit direction of the exit surface.
  • the radius of the first metal layer 11 is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
  • the propagation distance d is the same (both ⁇ d)
  • the phase change amount ⁇ 2 of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer 22 is ahead of the phase change amount of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens dielectric layer 21.
  • ⁇ 1 which results in a change in the pattern of the electromagnetic wave, which reduces the sidelobe level of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second feed antenna can have the same or different initial phases.
  • the difference between the initial phases is the initial phase difference.
  • the feeding structure is an integrated waveguide
  • the propagation constant of the integrated waveguide can be changed by changing the length and width of the integrated waveguide, thereby changing the initial phase of the feed antenna.
  • the propagation constant of the microstrip or the feeder can be changed by changing the length of the microstrip or the feeder, thereby changing the initial phase of the feed antenna.
  • the initial phase of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first lens dielectric layer 21 may be made.
  • the difference between the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second lens dielectric layer 22 and the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna minus the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna is positive; Scanning the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer 21 and the second lens dielectric layer 22 toward the third metal layer 13 can advance the initial phase of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second lens dielectric layer 22 ahead of the first
  • the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the lens dielectric layer 21, that is, the difference between the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna minus the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna is a negative value.
  • the third metal layer 13 may be scanned. Extending along the exit direction of the exit surface, the radius of the third metal layer 13 is greater than the radius of other metal layers. For the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12, it may also extend a certain distance along the exit direction of the exit surface. As long as the radii of the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 are still smaller than those of the third metal layer 13 after the extension. In a possible implementation manner, as shown in FIG.
  • the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13 may both extend along the exit direction of the exit surface, and the radius of the first metal layer 11 does not change, so that the first metal The radii of the layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 increase in order.
  • This structure can also achieve the effect of reducing the sidelobe level.
  • the initial phase difference makes the first lens dielectric layer 21 and the second lens dielectric layer
  • the electromagnetic wave radiated from the exit surface of 22 is scanned in a direction close to the third metal layer 13, as shown in FIG.
  • the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 may be extended in the exit direction of the exit surface, and the third metal
  • the radius of the layer 13 does not change, so that the radius of the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 decreases in order.
  • This structure can also achieve the effect of reducing the sidelobe level.
  • the embodiments of the present application can also be used to form a lens antenna group with a symmetrical structure. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. A third lens dielectric layer 23 is provided between the fourth metal layer 14 and the fifth metal layer 15, a third metal layer 13 and the fourth metal layer 14, and a fourth metal layer 14 is provided between the fourth metal layer 14 and the fifth metal layer 15.
  • the incident surface of the third lens dielectric layer 23 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the third feed antenna 33
  • the incident surface of the fourth lens dielectric layer 24 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted by the fourth feed antenna 34.
  • the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, the third metal layer 13, the first lens dielectric layer 21, and the second lens dielectric layer 22 constitute a group of lens antenna groups; the third metal layer 13, and the fourth metal layer 14.
  • the fifth metal layer 15, the third lens dielectric layer 23, and the fourth lens dielectric layer 24 constitute another lens antenna group.
  • the two lens antenna groups are symmetrically disposed with respect to the third metal layer 13.
  • the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna 31 and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna 32 have a first initial phase difference
  • the electromagnetic wave emitted from the third feed antenna 33 and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the fourth feed antenna 34 have a first phase difference.
  • the first initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens dielectric layer 21 and the second lens dielectric layer 22 to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer 11, and the second initial phase difference causes the third lens
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the dielectric layer 23 and the fourth lens dielectric layer 24 are scanned in a direction close to the fifth metal layer 15.
  • the third metal layer 13 may be extended in the exit direction of the exit surface.
  • the radius of the third metal layer 13 is made larger than that of other metal layers.
  • the antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves in two different directions, thereby achieving point-to-multipoint information interaction.
  • the feed antenna may be a Yagi antenna, a horn antenna, a slot antenna, or the like. It is not limited here.
  • the feed antenna may be a Yagi antenna made of a substrate integrated waveguide.
  • this embodiment uses the methods of physical testing and modeling and simulation to analyze the performance of the antennas.
  • the specific parameters of the physical antenna are as follows: the antenna's operating frequency range is 57 to 60 GHz, the gain variation range is 22.8 to 23.5 dBi, and the side lobe level is less than -10 dB.
  • the medium selected for the lens is polystyrene cross-linked resin 1422. Its relative dielectric constant is 2.53.
  • the feed antenna is made of a high-frequency circuit board and its relative dielectric constant is 2.2.
  • Table 1 The size parameters of each metal layer and each lens dielectric layer are shown in Table 1:
  • Fig. 8 shows the comparison result of the simulated reflection coefficient and the test reflection coefficient of the above antenna. From Fig. 8, it can be seen that the reflection coefficient S11 is less than -11dB in the range of 57GHz to 66GHz. The reflection coefficient meets the requirements and the results of simulation and test A good match was reached.
  • the two curves shown in Figure 9 are the relationship between the peak gain of the antenna under test and frequency, and the relationship of the peak gain with frequency obtained from simulation. As can be seen from Figure 9, both curves show the antenna The gain of RF increases with the increase of frequency, which is in line with the basic law of antenna performance.
  • Figure 10 shows the comparison of the antenna pattern test and simulation results when the antenna is input at feed port A and feed port B respectively.
  • Figure 11 shows the changes in the test pattern when signals of different frequencies are input to feed port A.
  • the main lobe orientation is basically the same when inputting different frequencies, and the beam width changes are small, at 66GHz.
  • the sidelobe level is –11dB, and the sidelobe level is lower.
  • the ⁇ d selected in FIG. 14 is At 4 mm, the side lobe gain is lowered below -10dB; the ⁇ d selected in Figure 15 is 8 mm, and the side lobe gain is further reduced; the ⁇ d selected in Figure 16 is 16 mm, and the side lobe almost disappears; the ⁇ d selected in Figure 17 is 24 Mm, the antenna pattern does not change much at this time. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that when the radii of the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, the fourth metal layer 14, and the fifth metal layer 15 are equal, the radius of the third metal layer 13 is the same as that of the first metal layer 11. When the difference ⁇ d of the radius is selected to be greater than or equal to 16 mm, the side lobe will be minimized.
  • Table 2 lists the 3db beam width range corresponding to different ⁇ d:
  • the analysis of the value range of ⁇ d is performed under the following conditions: the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer, and the fifth metal layer have the same radius and are all 84 mm.
  • the radii of the lens medium layer, the second lens medium layer, the third lens medium layer, and the fourth lens medium layer are all equal to 60 mm.
  • Each of the lens dielectric layers may have a cylindrical structure, and the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the cylindrical structure are respectively attached to the upper and lower metal layers.
  • the incident surface and the exit surface may be respectively A portion of a side of the cylindrical structure.
  • the lens dielectric layer of the cylindrical structure is easy to manufacture and easy to realize azimuth scanning. Specifically, in order to realize the scanning of the antenna on the azimuth plane, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of feed antennas 3 are connected to each lens dielectric layer, and the plurality of feed antennas 3 are along the circumference of the incident surface of the lens dielectric layer. Direction distribution. Therefore, different feed antennas 3 distributed in the circumferential direction can be excited to obtain beams in different directions on the azimuth plane, thereby realizing beam scanning on the azimuth plane.
  • the lens medium layers of each layer are coaxially arranged, and the diameter and thickness of the lens medium layers of each layer are equal.
  • Each metal layer has a disc-shaped structure, and the axis of each metal layer coincides with the axis of the lens dielectric layer. Therefore, the scanning consistency of the beams at different angles can be ensured when scanning on the azimuth plane.
  • each metal layer and each lens dielectric layer can be connected by bonding, or as shown in FIG. 6, each metal layer and each lens dielectric layer can be passed through. Screws 4 extending in the axial direction of the lens dielectric layer are connected through. The solution of using the screw 4 to penetrate the connection facilitates removal and replacement of the metal layer or the lens dielectric layer, thereby making the antenna easy to repair and adjust.
  • the present application also provides a wireless device.
  • the wireless device includes a baseband 100, a radio frequency module 200, a cable 300, and an antenna 400.
  • the radio frequency module 200 is respectively connected to the baseband 100 and the antenna 400 through a cable 300.
  • the antenna 400 is an antenna disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the baseband 100 is configured to convert a digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and send it to the radio frequency module 200;
  • the radio frequency module 200 is configured to convert an intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and send it to the antenna 400;
  • the antenna 400 is configured to convert a radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and radiate the signal to space.
  • the radio frequency module 200 converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending it to the antenna 400 includes:
  • RF signals are amplified and filtered in order to obtain processed RF signals
  • the antenna 400 converts a radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal including:
  • the processed radio frequency signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave signal.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种天线及无线设备，涉及天线技术领域，该天线包括依次间隔排列的第一金属层、第二金属层和第三金属层，第一金属层和第二金属层之间设有第一透镜介质层，第二金属层和第三金属层之间设有第二透镜介质层，第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层均包括入射面和出射面，第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有初始相位差，当出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层的方向扫描时，第三金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径；当出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层的方向扫描时，第一金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径。

Description

一种天线及无线设备 技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线及无线设备。
背景技术
随着现代通信系统技术的高速发展，人们对通信系统的通信速率、信道容量、数据吞吐量、用户覆盖率等方面提出了越来越高的要求。作为通信系统的最前端，对天线也提出更高的要求，需要天线能够拥有较高的增益以保证较远的通信距离，同时实现较快的通信速率；还需要天线能够工作在更高频段，如毫米波段，同时要求其具有一个较宽的工作带宽以保证较大信道容量，同时容纳多个用户通信；需要天线在方位面上能够实现更大空间范围上的波束覆盖，以实现方位面全角度的用户覆盖。例如在移动通信基站中，需要天线具有宽带、高增益、宽波束覆盖范围的能力以满足点对多数据链通信与多点回传等需求。在某些特定的场合，诸如有限视场定位，在限定范围内的点对点、点对多信息交互，有限范围空间内的目标定位等场合，需要天线具有较低剖面、较小尺寸、同时仅需要其提供较小范围的波束扫描，以避免因为抖动或者环境变化而导致的目标偏离等情况。
透镜天线是一种能够通过电磁波、将点源或线源的球面波或柱面波转换为平面波从而获得笔形、扇形或其他形状波束的天线。透镜天线的结构具有良好的旋转对称性，同时其每个波束具有全口径增益，可以通过放置多个馈源天线实现宽覆盖范围；多个馈源天线之间可以通过集成微波开关实现快速的波束扫描。因此透镜天线可以作为现代通信系统中的最前端，以满足现代通信系统中对通信速率、信道容量和用户覆盖的需求。
随着新低损耗材料的发现以及加工水平的提高使得透镜天线效率以及尺寸都得到了优化；推进了透镜天线的快速发展。其中平板龙伯透镜或者平板透镜介质层为方位面的大范围覆盖提供了一种较好的实现方法。通过在平行平板波导中夹装龙伯透镜结构或者透镜介质层构成平板透镜，以透镜的对称中心为原点，在透镜的入射面内围绕着圆心圆周阵列排布多个馈源，通过激励不同馈源可以实现不同方向的波束，从而实现波束在方位面上大角度覆盖，但是该结构无法实现波束在俯仰面的扫描。
利用透镜结构实现二维波束扫描可以采用球形透镜或采用多个平板透镜天线在垂直于方位面的方向阵列的形式实现。当采用球形透镜(如球龙伯透镜结构)的方案时，可通过在球形透镜的一侧放置多个馈源天线或者围绕球形透镜移动一个馈源天线，从而实现波束在二维空间的扫描。但是，球形透镜要求介电常数随半径均匀变化，受限于加工工艺，通常使用多个不同介电常数的同心球层等效代替，其加工难度较高。当采用多个平板透镜天线阵列的形式时，如图1所示，包括两个平板透镜天线01以及设置于平板透镜天线01两侧的金属层02，在俯仰面的方向使用多个阵列馈电天线进行馈电，可实现俯仰面的波束扫描，但是由于平板透镜天线01的厚度接近一个波长，同 时金属层02也存在一定的厚度，馈源天线单元间的距离较大，导致天线在实现俯仰面的扫描时在主瓣03的两侧会出现较高电平的副瓣04(如图1中右侧的电磁波方向图所示)，副瓣04的出现会影响主瓣03的增益，且会接收更多的干扰信号。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供的天线及无线设备，解决了现有的二维波束扫描天线加工难度高以及在实现俯仰面的波束扫描时会出现较高电平的副瓣的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请的实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线，包括依次间隔排列的第一金属层、第二金属层和第三金属层，第一金属层和第二金属层之间设有第一透镜介质层，第二金属层和第三金属层之间设有第二透镜介质层，第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层均包括入射面和出射面，第一透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第一馈源天线射出的电磁波，第二透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第二馈源天线射出的电磁波，第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有初始相位差，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层的方向扫描时，第三金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径；当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层的方向扫描时，第一金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径。
本申请实施例提供的天线，采用了多个平板透镜天线堆叠的形式实现了天线在俯仰面和方位面上的二维扫描，因此不需要制作加工难度高的球形透镜，从而降低了天线加工难度。并且，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层的方向扫描时，第三金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径，由此，第一透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的上、下两侧介质层均为空气或真空介质层，第二透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的上侧介质层为空气或真空介质层，下侧介质层为金属介质层，由于相位变化量Δφ＝β*D(其中β为电磁波的传播常数，D为电磁波的传播距离)，且电磁波在金属层中的传播常数β 1小于电磁波在真空或空气中的传播常数β 2，因此可以得出，在传播距离D相同的情况下，第一透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 1会超前于第二透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 2，从而可导致电磁波的方向图发生改变，使得电磁波的副瓣电平降低。同样，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层的方向扫描时，第一金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径，此时，在传播距离D相同的情况下，第二透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 2会超前于第一透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 1，由此导致电磁波的方向图发生改变，使得电磁波的副瓣电平降低。
在可能的实现方式中，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层的方向扫描时，第二金属层和第三金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层的半径依次递增；当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金 属层的方向扫描时，第一金属层和第二金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层的半径依次递减。
在可能的实现方式中，第三金属层远离第二金属层的一侧依次间隔排列有第四金属层和第五金属层，第三金属层和第四金属层之间设有第三透镜介质层，第四金属层和第五金属层之间设有第四透镜介质层，第三透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第三馈源天线射出的电磁波，第四透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第四馈源天线射出的电磁波，第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有第一初始相位差，第三馈源天线射出的电磁波与第四馈源天线射出的电磁波具有第二初始相位差，第一初始相位差使第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层的方向扫描，第二初始相位差使第三透镜介质层和第四透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第五金属层的方向扫描，第三金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径。由此，可实现一点对多点的信息交互。
在可能的实现方式中，第一金属层、第二金属层、第四金属层和第五金属层的半径相等且均为84毫米，第一透镜介质层、第二透镜介质层、第三透镜介质层和第四透镜介质层的半径相等且均为60毫米，第三金属层的半径与第一金属层的半径的差值为Δd，Δd≥16毫米。由此，Δd在此范围内取值可显著降低副瓣电平，并且当Δd＝16毫米时，可使天线的半功率角波束宽度最大。
在可能的实现方式中，各层透镜介质层均为圆柱形结构，圆柱形结构的两底面分别与位于其两侧的金属层相贴合，入射面和出射面分别为圆柱形结构的侧面的一部分。
在可能的实现方式中，各层透镜介质层同轴设置，且各层透镜介质层的直径和厚度均相等。
在可能的实现方式中，各层金属层均为圆盘形结构，各层金属层的轴线与透镜介质层的轴线重合。由此，可使天线在方位面扫描时保证各波束的扫描一致性。
在可能的实现方式中，各层金属层与各层透镜介质层通过沿透镜介质层的轴向延伸的螺钉贯穿连接。
在可能的实现方式中，透镜介质层可采用聚苯乙烯交联树脂1422型材料制作。
在可能的实现方式中，每层透镜介质层均连接有多个馈源天线，多个馈源天线沿该透镜介质层的入射面的圆周方向分布。由此，可实现方位面的扫描。
在可能的实现方式中，馈源天线可以为八木天线、喇叭天线或缝隙天线。
在可能的实现方式中，馈源天线可以为由基片集成波导制成的八木天线。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种无线设备，包括基带、射频模块，电缆和天线。射频模块通过电缆分别与基带和天线连接，天线为上述第一方面公开的天线，其中，基带用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给射频模块；射频模块用于将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线；天线用于将射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
在第二方面可能的实现方式中，射频模块将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线包括：将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；将射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；将处理的射频信号发送给天线；天线将射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：将处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
本申请实施例提供的无线设备，由于采用了多个平板透镜天线堆叠的形式实现了天线在俯仰面和方位面上的二维扫描，因此不需要制作加工难度高的球形透镜，从而降低了天线加工难度。并且当初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第一金属层的方向扫描时，对应所述出射面的辐射区域，所述第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径，此时，由于电磁波在金属层中的传播常数小于电磁波在真空或空气中的传播常数，因此，在相同的传播距离下，第一透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位会超前于第二透镜介质层辐射出的电磁波的相位，由此导致电磁波的方向图发生改变，使得电磁波的副瓣电平降低。
附图说明
图1为一种多平板透镜天线阵列的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例天线的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例天线的一种金属层排布方式示意图；
图4为本申请实施例天线的另一种金属层排布方式示意图；
图5为本申请实施例对称结构的透镜天线的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例对称结构的透镜天线的立体结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例对称结构的透镜天线的俯视图；
图8为图5天线的仿真反射系数和暗室测试反射系数的对比结果图；
图9为图5天线的峰值增益和频率的变化关系图；
图10为图5天线的分别在馈源端口A和馈源端口B输入时天线方向图的测试与仿真结果对比图；
图11为图5天线在馈源端口A输入不同频率的信号时的测试方向图；
图12为本申请实施例天线在不同Δd情况下金属层与波束最大指向之间的关系图；
图13为本申请实施例天线当Δd为0时的归一化方向图；
图14为本申请实施例天线当Δd为4毫米时的归一化方向图；
图15为本申请实施例天线当Δd为8毫米时的归一化方向图；
图16为本申请实施例天线当Δd为16毫米时的归一化方向图；
图17为本申请实施例天线当Δd为24毫米时的归一化方向图；
图18为本申请实施例无线设备的连接关系示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例涉及天线及无线设备，以下对上述实施例涉及到的概念进行简单说明：
天线：天线是一种变换器，它把传输线上传播的导行波变换成在无界媒介(通常是自由空间)中传播的电磁波，或者进行相反的变换。
透镜天线：一种能够通过电磁波、将点源或线源的球面波或柱面波转换为平面波从而获得笔形、扇形或其他形状波束的天线。
八木天线：是由一个有源振子、一个无源反射器和若干个无源引向器平行排列而成的端射式天线。
方位面：平行于地平面的平面，即垂直于图5中轴线O的平面。
俯仰面：垂直于地平面的平面，即经过图5中轴线O的平面。
传播常数：表示电磁波在单位传播长度内相位的变化量，不同介质材料的传播常数不同。
如图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种天线，包括依次间隔排列的第一金属层11、第二金属层12和第三金属层13，第一金属层11和第二金属层12之间设有第一透镜介质层21，第二金属层12和第三金属层13之间设有第二透镜介质层22，第一透镜介质层21包括入射面212和出射面211，第二透镜介质层22包括入射面222和出射面221，第一透镜介质层21的入射面212用于接收第一馈源天线(图中未示出)射出的电磁波，第二透镜介质层22的入射面222用于接收第二馈源天线(图中未示出)射出的电磁波，第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有初始相位差，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层11的方向扫描时，第三金属层13沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层13的半径大于其他金属层的半径；当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层13的方向扫描时，第一金属层11沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层11的半径大于其他金属层的半径。
本申请实施例提供的天线，采用了多个平板透镜天线堆叠的形式实现了天线在俯仰面和方位面上的二维扫描，因此不需要制作加工难度高的球形透镜，从而降低了天线加工难度。并且，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层11的方向扫描时，第三金属层13沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层13的半径大于其他金属层的半径。如图2所示，第三金属层13的半径超出其他金属层的部分为Δd，在Δd对应的上方区域内，第一透镜介质层21辐射出的电磁波的上、下两侧介质层均为空气或真空介质层，第二透镜介质层22辐射出的电磁波的上侧介质层为空气或真空介质层，下侧介质层为金属介质层(即第三金属层13的Δd部分)。由于相位变化量Δφ＝β*d(其中β为电磁波的传播常数，d为电磁波的传播距离)，且电磁波在金属层中的传播常数β 1小于电磁波在真空或空气中的传播常数β 2，因此第一透镜介质层21辐射出的电磁波在两层空气或真空介质层组成的介质层中的传播常数(β 2)大于第二透镜介质层22辐射出的电磁波一层空气或真空介质层、另一层金属介质层组成的介质层中的传播常数(介于β 1和β 2之间)，从而可以得出，在传播距离d相同的情况下(均为Δd)，第一透镜介质层21辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 1会超前于第二透镜介质层22辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 2，从而可导致电磁波的方向图发生改变，使得电磁波的副瓣电平降低。同样，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层13的方向扫描时，第一金属层11沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第一金属层11的半径大于其他金属层的半径。此时，在传播距离d相同的情况下(均为Δd)，第二透镜介质层22辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 2会超前于第一透镜介质层21辐射出的电磁波的相位变化量Δφ 1，由此导致电磁波的方向图发生改变，使得电磁波的副瓣电平降低。
需要说明的是，通过设计第一馈源天线和第二馈源天线的馈电结构可使第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线射出的电磁波产生相同或不同的初始相位，当产生 的初始相位不同时，初始相位的差值即初始相位差。例如，当馈电结构为集成波导时，可以通过改变集成波导的长度和宽度来改变集成波导的传播常数，进而改变馈源天线的初始相位。当馈电结构为微带线或馈电线时，可以通过改变微带线或馈电线的长度来改变微带线或馈电线的传播常数，进而改变馈源天线的初始相位。具体地，为了使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层11的方向扫描，可使第一透镜介质层21射出的电磁波的初始相位超前于第二透镜介质层22射出的电磁波的初始相位，即第一馈源天线射出的电磁波的初始相位减去第二馈源天线射出的电磁波的初始相位的差值为正值；同样，为了使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层13的方向扫描，可使第二透镜介质层22射出的电磁波的初始相位超前于第一透镜介质层21射出的电磁波的初始相位，即第一馈源天线射出的电磁波的初始相位减去第二馈源天线射出的电磁波的初始相位的差值为负值。
为了降低副瓣电平，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层11的方向扫描时，可将第三金属层13沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层13的半径大于其他金属层的半径，而对于第一金属层11和第二金属层12，其也可以沿出射面的出射方向延伸一定距离，只要延伸后第一金属层11和第二金属层12的半径仍小于第三金属层13的半径即可。在一种可能的实现方式中，如图3所示，可将第二金属层12和第三金属层13均沿出射面的出射方向延伸，第一金属层11半径不变，使第一金属层11、第二金属层12、第三金属层13的半径依次递增，该结构也可实现降低副瓣电平的效果；同样，当初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第三金属层13的方向扫描时，如图4所示，可将第一金属层11和第二金属层12沿出射面的出射方向延伸，第三金属层13半径不变，使第一金属层11、第二金属层12、第三金属层13的半径依次递减，该结构同样可实现降低副瓣电平的效果。
本申请实施例还可用于形成对称结构的透镜天线组，具体地，如图5、图6、图7所示，第三金属层13远离第二金属层12的一侧还依次间隔排列有第四金属层14和第五金属层15，第三金属层13和第四金属层14之间设有第三透镜介质层23，第四金属层14和第五金属层15之间设有第四透镜介质层24，其中，第一透镜介质层21的入射面用于接收第一馈源天线31射出的电磁波，第二透镜介质层22的入射面用于接收第二馈源天线32射出的电磁波，第三透镜介质层23的入射面用于接收第三馈源天线33射出的电磁波，第四透镜介质层24的入射面用于接收第四馈源天线34射出的电磁波。
其中，第一金属层11、第二金属层12、第三金属层13、第一透镜介质层21以及第二透镜介质层22构成一组透镜天线组；第三金属层13、第四金属层14、第五金属层15、第三透镜介质层23以及第四透镜介质层24构成另一组透镜天线组，两组透镜天线组相对于第三金属层13对称设置。此时，第一馈源天线31射出的电磁波与第二馈源天线32射出的电磁波具有第一初始相位差，第三馈源天线33射出的电磁波与第四馈源天线34射出的电磁波具有第二初始相位差，并且第一初始相位差使第一透镜介质层21和第二透镜介质层22的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第一金属层11的方向扫 描，第二初始相位差使第三透镜介质层23和第四透镜介质层24的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近第五金属层15的方向扫描，为了降低副瓣电平，可将第三金属层13沿出射面的出射方向延伸，使第三金属层13的半径大于其他金属层的半径。该天线可以向两个不同方向辐射电磁波，从而实现一点对多点的信息交互。
具体地，馈源天线可以为八木天线、喇叭天线、缝隙天线等。在此不做限定。在本申请的一种实施例中，馈源天线可以为由基片集成波导制成的八木天线。
为了进一步对图5所示的天线进行分析，本实施例采用实物测试和建模仿真的方法分别对上述天线的性能进行分析。实物天线的具体参数如下：天线的工作频率范围为57～60GHz，增益变化范围为22.8～23.5dBi，副瓣电平小于–10dB。透镜选用的介质为聚苯乙烯交联树脂1422型材料，其相对介电常数为2.53，馈源天线采用高频电路板制作，其相对介电常数为2.2。各层金属层和各层透镜介质层的尺寸参数如表1所示：
结构层编号 结构层厚度(mm) 结构层半径(mm)
第一金属层11 1 84
第一透镜介质层21 4.5 60
第二金属层12 1 84
第二透镜介质层22 4.9 60
第三金属层13 1 100
第三透镜介质层23 4.9 60
第四金属层14 1 84
第四透镜介质层24 4.9 60
第五金属层15 1 84
表1
图8所示为上述天线的仿真反射系数和测试反射系数的对比结果图，由图8可知，在57GHz～66GHz范围内，反射系数S11都小于–11dB，反射系数符合要求且仿真和测试的结果达到了很好的吻合。如图9所示的两条曲线分别为天线实物测试得到的峰值增益随频率的变化关系以及模拟仿真得到的峰值增益随频率的变化关系，由图9可以看出，两条曲线均显示出天线的增益随频率的升高而增加，符合天线性能的基本变化规律。图10所示为天线分别在馈源端口A和馈源端口B输入时天线方向图的测试与仿真结果对比，由图10可以看出，仿真与测试的结果保持较好的一致性，且天线的对称性较好。图11给出了在馈源端口A输入不同频率的信号时，测试的方向图变化情况，由图11可知，输入不同频率时主瓣的指向基本保持一致，且波束宽度变化较小，在66GHz的副瓣电平为–11dB，副瓣电平较低。
图12所示为不同Δd情况下金属层与波束最大指向之间的关系。从图12中可以得到，当Δd<16mm时波束的最大指向随着半径的增加而增加；当Δd>16mm时，最大指向变化幅度减小，基本保持不变；当Δd＝16mm时，波束指向最大。
为了说明金属层沿出射面的出射方向延伸的长度Δd对波束的影响，在图5所示的天线结构中，当其余金属层半径相同时，对第三金属层13选择不同Δd情况下的天 线分别做了辐射方向图的仿真实验，仿真实验得到的天线俯仰面方向图如图13～图17所示，首先分析说明选择不同Δd的情况下对副瓣的影响，图13选择的Δd为0，即第三金属层13不延伸，此时俯仰面方向图的副瓣如图13所示，副瓣增益超过–10dB(约-8dB)，副瓣电平较高；图14选择的Δd为4毫米，此时副瓣增益降低至–10dB以下；图15选择的Δd为8毫米，副瓣增益进一步降低；图16选择的Δd为16毫米，副瓣几乎消失；图17选择的Δd为24毫米，此时天线方向图变化不大。由以上分析可以得出，当第一金属层11、第二金属层12、第四金属层14和第五金属层15的半径相等时，第三金属层13的半径与第一金属层11的半径的差值Δd选择为大于或等于16毫米时可使副瓣将至最低。
以下进一步说明在选择不同Δd的情况下对3db(半功率角)波束宽度的影响。表2列出了不同Δd对应的3db波束宽度范围：
Figure PCTCN2018093669-appb-000001
表2
由表2可知，当Δd为16mm时，3db波束宽度最大，从而使得波束覆盖范围也最大。
需要说明的是，上述对Δd的取值范围分析是在以下条件下进行的：第一金属层、第二金属层、第四金属层和第五金属层的半径相等且均为84毫米，第一透镜介质层、第二透镜介质层、第三透镜介质层和第四透镜介质层的半径相等且均为60毫米。当天线的上述参数发生变化时，对应的Δd的上述取值范围(即可使副瓣将至最低的取值范围)也可能发生变化，但通过上述仿真实验方法仍可得到Δd的取值范围(即可使副瓣将至最低的取值范围)，因此均在本申请的保护范围内。
其中，各层透镜介质层可以均为圆柱形结构，所述圆柱形结构的上底面和下底面分别与位于上、下两侧的金属层相贴合，其中，入射面和出射面可以分别为所述圆柱形结构的侧面的一部分。圆柱形结构的透镜介质层易于加工制作，且易于实现方位面的扫描。具体地，为了实现天线在方位面上的扫描，如图7所示，每层透镜介质层均连接有多个馈源天线3，多个馈源天线3沿该透镜介质层的入射面的圆周方向分布。由此，可通过激励圆周方向上分布的不同的馈源天线3以得到方位面上的不同方向的波束，从而实现方位面上的波束扫描。
在本申请的一种可能的实现方式中，如图6所示，各层透镜介质层同轴设置，且各层透镜介质层的直径和厚度均相等。各层金属层均为圆盘形结构，且各层金属层的轴线与透镜介质层的轴线重合。由此，在进行方位面上的扫描时可保证各角度波束的扫描一致性。
各层金属层与各层透镜介质层的连接方式可以有多种选择，例如，可以通过粘接的方式进行连接，还可以如图6所示，将各层金属层与各层透镜介质层通过沿透镜介质层的轴向延伸的螺钉4贯穿连接。用螺钉4贯穿连接的方案便于拆卸更换金属层或 透镜介质层，从而使天线易于维修和调整。
本申请还提供了一种无线设备，如图18所示，该无线设备包括基带100、射频模块200，电缆300和天线400。射频模块200通过电缆300分别与基带100和天线400连接，天线400为本发明实施例公开的天线。
在一个实施例中，基带100，用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给射频模块200；
射频模块200，用于将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线400；
天线400，用于将射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
作为一种可能的实施方式，射频模块200将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给天线400包括：
将中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；
将射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；
将处理的射频信号发送给天线400；
天线400将射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：
将处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括依次间隔排列的第一金属层、第二金属层和第三金属层，所述第一金属层和所述第二金属层之间设有第一透镜介质层，所述第二金属层和所述第三金属层之间设有第二透镜介质层，所述第一透镜介质层和所述第二透镜介质层均包括入射面和出射面，所述第一透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第一馈源天线射出的电磁波，所述第二透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第二馈源天线射出的电磁波，所述第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与所述第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有初始相位差，
    当所述初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第一金属层的方向扫描时，所述第三金属层沿所述出射面的出射方向延伸，使所述第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径；
    当所述初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第三金属层的方向扫描时，所述第一金属层沿所述出射面的出射方向延伸，使所述第一金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，当所述初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第一金属层的方向扫描时，所述第二金属层和所述第三金属层沿所述出射面的出射方向延伸，使所述第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层的半径依次递增；
    当所述初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第三金属层的方向扫描时，所述第一金属层和所述第二金属层沿所述出射面的出射方向延伸，使所述第一金属层、第二金属层、第三金属层的半径依次递减。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第三金属层远离所述第二金属层的一侧依次间隔排列有第四金属层和第五金属层，所述第三金属层和所述第四金属层之间设有第三透镜介质层，所述第四金属层和所述第五金属层之间设有第四透镜介质层，所述第三透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第三馈源天线射出的电磁波，所述第四透镜介质层的入射面用于接收第四馈源天线射出的电磁波，所述第一馈源天线射出的电磁波与所述第二馈源天线射出的电磁波具有第一初始相位差，所述第三馈源天线射出的电磁波与所述第四馈源天线射出的电磁波具有第二初始相位差，所述第一初始相位差使所述第一透镜介质层和所述第二透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第一金属层的方向扫描，所述第二初始相位差使所述第三透镜介质层和所述第四透镜介质层的出射面辐射出的电磁波向靠近所述第五金属层的方向扫描，所述第三金属层沿所述出射面的出射方向延伸，使所述第三金属层的半径大于其他金属层的半径。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一金属层、第二金属层、第四金属层和第五金属层的半径相等且均为84毫米，所述第一透镜介质层、第二透镜介质层、第三透镜介质层和第四透镜介质层的半径相等且均为60毫米，所述第三金属层的半径与所述第一金属层的半径的差值为Δd，Δd≥16毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，各层透镜介质层均为圆柱形结构，所述圆柱形结构的两底面分别与位于其两侧的金属层相贴合，所述入射面 和出射面分别为所述圆柱形结构的侧面的一部分。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，各层透镜介质层同轴设置，且各层透镜介质层的直径和厚度均相等。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，各层金属层均为圆盘形结构，各层金属层的轴线与透镜介质层的轴线重合。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，各层金属层与各层透镜介质层通过沿透镜介质层的轴向延伸的螺钉贯穿连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，每层透镜介质层均连接有多个馈源天线，多个馈源天线沿该透镜介质层的入射面的圆周方向分布。
  10. 一种无线设备，其特征在于，包括基带、射频模块、电缆和权利要求1-9任一项所述的天线，其中：
    所述射频模块通过所述电缆分别与所述基带和所述天线连接；
    所述基带，用于将数字信号转换为中频模拟信号并发送给所述射频模块；
    所述射频模块，用于将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给所述天线；
    所述天线，用于将所述射频信号转换为电磁波信号并向空间辐射。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的无线设备，其特征在于，所述射频模块将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号并发送给所述天线包括：
    将所述中频模拟信号转换为射频信号；
    将所述射频信号依次进行放大处理和滤波处理，获得处理的射频信号；
    将所述处理的射频信号发送给所述天线；
    所述天线将所述射频信号转换为电磁波信号包括：
    将所述处理的射频信号转换为电磁波信号。
PCT/CN2018/093669 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 一种天线及无线设备 WO2020000364A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201880059048.6A CN111052507B (zh) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 一种天线及无线设备
PCT/CN2018/093669 WO2020000364A1 (zh) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 一种天线及无线设备

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2018/093669 WO2020000364A1 (zh) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 一种天线及无线设备

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020000364A1 true WO2020000364A1 (zh) 2020-01-02

Family

ID=68985729

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2018/093669 WO2020000364A1 (zh) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 一种天线及无线设备

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111052507B (zh)
WO (1) WO2020000364A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113471680B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2024-01-19 浙江大学 一种基于多层平行板波导的宽带线源
CN113506985B (zh) * 2021-06-29 2022-09-20 华南理工大学 一种毫米波基片集成波导喇叭一维立体布局扫描相控阵
CN115550253A (zh) * 2022-12-06 2022-12-30 西安海天天线科技股份有限公司 基于介质透镜天线的路由器
CN117410722B (zh) * 2023-12-16 2024-03-08 广东福顺天际通信有限公司 一种可伸缩折叠式电磁波透镜及电磁波透镜天线

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103050775A (zh) * 2012-12-20 2013-04-17 山东国威卫星通信有限公司 一种加载介质透镜的高增益高效率平板天线
CN203013937U (zh) * 2013-01-18 2013-06-19 厦门大学 一种k波段平面贴片透镜天线
US20140313090A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Lens with mixed-order cauer/elliptic frequency selective surface

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6980169B2 (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-12-27 Vivato, Inc. Electromagnetic lens
CN102110894B (zh) * 2011-01-25 2013-07-24 浙江大学 部分介质非对称填充柱透镜天线
CN102122762B (zh) * 2011-01-25 2013-08-07 浙江大学 毫米波360o全向扫描介质柱透镜天线
CN113140915A (zh) * 2016-03-25 2021-07-20 康普技术有限责任公司 具有由轻质介电材料形成的透镜和相关介电材料的天线

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103050775A (zh) * 2012-12-20 2013-04-17 山东国威卫星通信有限公司 一种加载介质透镜的高增益高效率平板天线
CN203013937U (zh) * 2013-01-18 2013-06-19 厦门大学 一种k波段平面贴片透镜天线
US20140313090A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Lens with mixed-order cauer/elliptic frequency selective surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111052507B (zh) 2021-04-09
CN111052507A (zh) 2020-04-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10224638B2 (en) Lens antenna
US8384600B2 (en) High gain metamaterial antenna device
WO2020000364A1 (zh) 一种天线及无线设备
CN109950707B (zh) 一种圆锥共形端射阵列天线
CN110890629B (zh) 一种低剖面宽角扫描的全金属多波束透镜天线
EP2631991B1 (en) Microstrip antenna
Bang et al. A compact hemispherical beam-coverage phased array antenna unit for 5G mm-wave applications
WO2021017777A1 (en) Antenna device and electronic device
WO2019129298A1 (zh) 一种装置
Vosoogh et al. A multi-layer gap waveguide array antenna suitable for manufactured by die-sink EDM
US20110227809A1 (en) Patch antenna in wireless communication system and method for manufacturing the same
Cheng et al. Broadband dual-polarized metal lens with theoretically arbitrarily variable focal diameter ratio using 3-D printing technology
US20210359423A1 (en) Antenna module
Ma et al. Antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna array for millimeter-wave base station in massive MIMO systems
KR102274497B1 (ko) 파라볼릭-하이퍼볼릭 반사기를 포함하는 안테나 장치
Gil-Martínez et al. An array of leaky wave antennas for indoor smart wireless access point applications
CN115173068B (zh) 宽带圆极化的基片集成波导喇叭天线阵列及无线通信设备
Simone et al. 5G wideband stacked patch antennas
Deng et al. Design of W-band substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna for active phased array
Vosoogh et al. V-band high efficiency corporate-fed 8× 8 slot array antenna with ETSI class II radiation pattern based on gap technology
CN216085339U (zh) 一种全向环形缝隙阵列天线
US11936112B1 (en) Aperture antenna structures with concurrent transmit and receive
Simone et al. A Wideband Patch Antenna for 5G
KR102018778B1 (ko) 평면 렌즈를 이용한 고 이득 안테나
Zhang et al. Wideband and high gain omnidirectional lens antenna for 5G mmWave channel measurements

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18924503

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18924503

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1