WO2024104087A1 - 天线辐射单元和天线 - Google Patents
天线辐射单元和天线 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024104087A1 WO2024104087A1 PCT/CN2023/127116 CN2023127116W WO2024104087A1 WO 2024104087 A1 WO2024104087 A1 WO 2024104087A1 CN 2023127116 W CN2023127116 W CN 2023127116W WO 2024104087 A1 WO2024104087 A1 WO 2024104087A1
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- feed
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101000827703 Homo sapiens Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the technical field of communication equipment, and in particular to an antenna radiation unit and an antenna.
- the radiating unit is the main component of the antenna, which is used to directionally transmit and receive electromagnetic waves to achieve wireless communication.
- the dual-polarized radiating unit can achieve polarization diversity and can work in the transmit and receive duplex mode at the same time, greatly reducing the number of antennas and the space occupied.
- multi-frequency array antennas that mix low-frequency radiating units and high-frequency radiating units are currently used, such as a hybrid array antenna of a 4G antenna and a 5G Massive MIMO antenna.
- the low-frequency radiating unit of the 4G antenna will couple the radiation energy of the high-frequency radiating unit of the 5G antenna, causing the beam deformation of the Massive MIMO antenna, causing serious interference to the high-frequency signal, affecting the coverage of the high-frequency radiating unit, and reducing the isolation between high and low frequencies.
- a band-stop filter is inserted into the low-frequency radiation unit to suppress the induced current generated by the high-frequency electromagnetic wave on the low-frequency radiation unit and reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit.
- the radiation surface of the low-frequency radiation unit is increased, shielding the high-frequency signal and affecting the high-frequency gain.
- the present disclosure provides an antenna radiation unit and an antenna, which are used to solve the problem that in a high- and low-frequency mixed antenna array in traditional technology, a low-frequency radiation unit will shield a high-frequency radiation unit and affect the high-frequency gain.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure provides an antenna radiation unit, which includes: a feed balun, including a feed substrate and a feed structure provided on the feed substrate; a radiation vibrator, including two vibrator arms, the vibrator arms including a vibrator substrate and a radiation arm provided on the vibrator substrate, the vibrator substrates of the two vibrator arms are connected to the feed substrate and extend to both sides of the feed substrate respectively.
- the radiation arm is coupled to the feed structure, and the radiation arm includes A connecting branch and a plurality of resonant cavities are arranged along the extending direction of the vibrator arm and are connected to each other through the connecting branch on one side of the extending direction.
- At least one of the vibrator substrate and the resonant cavity is rectangular.
- adjacent resonant cavities among the plurality of resonant cavities are arranged at intervals.
- the feed substrate and the vibrator substrate connected thereto are integrally formed.
- the feeding substrate and the vibrator substrate connected thereto are formed as a single PCB substrate, and the feeding structure and the radiating arm are formed by a copper layer arranged on the PCB substrate.
- the antenna radiation unit includes two mutually orthogonal radiation elements
- the feeding balun includes two mutually orthogonal feeding substrates
- each of the two radiation elements is connected to a corresponding feeding substrate of the two feeding substrates
- the feeding structure is arranged on the two feeding substrates.
- the antenna radiation unit when the antenna radiation unit includes the two radiation dipoles, the antenna radiation unit includes four dipole arms.
- the feeding structure includes a microstrip line structure and a differential structure, the microstrip line structure includes four first microstrip lines, each of the four first microstrip lines is coupled to the radiation arm of the corresponding dipole arm in the four dipole arms, and the differential structure is respectively provided on the two feeding substrates.
- two first microstrip lines connected to one of the two radiating elements are coupled via the differential structure on one of the two feeding substrates, and two first microstrip lines connected to the other of the two radiating elements are coupled via the differential structure on the other of the two feeding substrates, to form a dual-polarized radiation unit.
- the four dipole arms are rotationally symmetric about the intersection of the two feed substrates
- the four first microstrip lines are respectively located in four quadrants orthogonally formed by the two feed substrates and are rotationally symmetric about the intersection of the two feed substrates.
- the first microstrip line includes a feeding section and a coupling section connected to each other, the feeding section is provided on one of the two feeding substrates, and the coupling section is provided on the other of the two feeding substrates and is coupled to the corresponding radiating arm.
- the feed substrate has a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to each other
- the differential structure includes a first differential portion and a second differential portion, the first differential portion is arranged on the first side surface, the second differential portion is arranged on the second side surface, the first differential portion and the second differential portion are coupled and connected, the feed segment on the first side surface is connected to the first differential portion, and the feed segment on the second side surface is connected to the second differential portion.
- a ground layer is provided on both the first side surface and the second side surface, and the first differential
- the first part and the second differential part each include a plurality of feed blocks, the plurality of feed blocks are arranged in sequence, adjacent feed blocks are coupled and connected, and the outermost two feed blocks among the plurality of feed blocks are respectively connected to the feed section and the ground layer.
- the feeding block is configured to have a folded structure.
- the microstrip line structure also includes a second microstrip line arranged on the first side surface of the feed substrate, one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the feed segment and the first differential portion on the first side surface, and the other end of the second microstrip line is connected to a feed network.
- a first slot is provided at the top end of one of the two feed substrates, and a second slot is provided at the bottom end of the other of the two feed substrates, and the two feed substrates are vertically plugged into each other through the first slot and the second slot.
- the feed substrate has a first side surface and a second side surface facing each other, and the feed structure includes a microstrip line structure and a differential structure.
- the differential structure includes a first differential portion and a second differential portion, the first differential portion is arranged on the first side surface, the second differential portion is arranged on the second side surface, and the first differential portion and the second differential portion are coupled and connected.
- the microstrip line structure includes two microstrip lines respectively arranged on the first side surface and the second side surface, one end of the two microstrip lines is respectively connected to the first differential portion and the second differential portion, and the other end of the two microstrip lines is respectively coupled and connected to the two radiating arms of the radiating vibrator.
- the first differential portion and the second differential portion each include a plurality of feed blocks, the plurality of feed blocks are arranged in sequence and spaced apart, adjacent feed blocks among the plurality of feed blocks are coupled and connected, and each feed block is constructed to have a folded structure.
- a second aspect of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which includes at least one antenna radiating element according to the first aspect.
- the antenna further includes at least one high-frequency radiation unit, and the high-frequency radiation unit is distributed around the antenna radiation unit.
- the antenna further includes a reflecting plate, the high-frequency radiation unit and the antenna radiation unit are arranged on the reflecting plate, and the vibrator substrate is perpendicular to a reflecting surface of the reflecting plate.
- FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a feeding substrate and a first radiating element in an antenna radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG3 is a rear view of the connection structure between the feed balun and the dipole arm in FIG2 ;
- FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between another feeding substrate and a second radiating element in an antenna radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG5 is a rear view of the connection structure between the feed balun and the dipole arm in FIG4 ;
- FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- spatially relative terms such as “under,” “below,” “above,” and “above” may be used herein to describe the relationship of one feature or element to another feature or element as shown in the figures. It will be understood that in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures, the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, features or elements described as being “under” other features or elements will be oriented as being “above” the other features or elements. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can include both above and below directions. It will also be understood that the device can be in other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other angles), and the spatially relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.
- first and second may be used herein to describe various features or elements, these features Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the terms “a feature or element” or “an element” shall not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature or element from another feature or element. Thus, the first feature or element described below may be referred to as the second feature or element, and similarly, the second feature or element described below may be referred to as the first feature or element without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
- the antenna radiation unit and the antenna proposed in the present disclosure are described below by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 .
- the antenna radiation unit 100 includes a feed balun 1 and a radiation oscillator 2.
- the feed balun 1 includes a feed substrate 11 and a feed structure 12 disposed on the feed substrate 11.
- the radiation oscillator 2 includes two oscillator arms 20, and the oscillator arms 20 include an oscillator substrate 21 and a radiation arm 22 disposed on the oscillator substrate 21.
- the oscillator substrates 21 of the two oscillator arms 20 are connected to the feed substrate 11 and extend to both sides of the feed substrate 11 respectively.
- the radiation arm 22 is coupled to the feed structure 12, and the radiation arm 22 includes a connection branch 221 and a plurality of resonant cavities 222, and the plurality of resonant cavities 222 are arranged along the extension direction of the oscillator arm 20 and connected by the connection branch 221 on one side of the extension direction.
- the extension direction of the vibrator substrate 21 is the length direction of the vibrator arm 20.
- the vibrator substrates 21 of the two vibrator arms 20 are coplanar and extend in opposite directions to form a radiation vibrator 2.
- One end of the feeding structure 12 is used to connect the feeding network, and the two radiating arms 22 of the radiating oscillator 2 are coupled to the other end of the feeding structure 12, respectively, to achieve coupled feeding of the radiating oscillator 2.
- the resonant cavity 222 and the connecting branch 221 are formed by a copper layer provided on the oscillator substrate 21.
- the resonant cavity 222 of the radiating arm 22 is coupled to the feeding structure 12.
- connection branch 221 includes a first connection branch 221a and a second connection branch 221b.
- the first connection branch 221a is located at one side of the plurality of resonant cavities 222 and extends along the arrangement direction of the plurality of resonant cavities 222.
- One side of each resonant cavity 222 is connected to the first connection branch 221a through the second connection branch 221b.
- the resonant cavity 222 can conduct the low-frequency current in the feeding structure 12, and can suppress the interference of high-frequency current through resonance. That is, while radiating low-frequency signals, the resonant cavity 222 can also filter high-frequency signals, thereby suppressing the interference of high-frequency signals, reducing the high-frequency Q value, and reducing the RCS (radar cross section) value of the antenna radiation unit 100 in the high-frequency band, thereby achieving the purpose of stealth. It can be understood that the shape of the resonant cavity 222 and its coverage area on the vibrator substrate 21 can be set according to the current frequency in the feeding structure 12 and the current frequency that needs to be suppressed.
- a plurality of resonant cavities 222 are arranged on the dipole arm 20, and these resonant cavities 222 are connected by connecting branches 221, thereby forming a radiation arm 22.
- the radiation arm 22 can not only conduct the low-frequency current of the feeding structure 12 on the feeding balun 1, but also effectively suppress the interference of the high-frequency current, reduce the influence of the antenna radiation unit 100 on the high-frequency radiation unit 200, and improve the high-frequency gain.
- the plurality of resonant cavities 222 are arranged along the length direction of the dipole arm 20, so as to realize the radiation.
- the radiating arm 22 While filtering the high-frequency signal, the radiating arm 22 reduces the discontinuity of the dipole arm 20 and the radiation surface, thereby reducing its shielding of the high-frequency signal, which is beneficial to improving the high-frequency gain of the high-frequency radiation unit 200 .
- At least one of the vibrator substrate 21 and the resonant cavity 222 can be rectangular, and adjacent resonant cavities 222 can be arranged at intervals. It can be understood that, referring to Figures 1 to 5, the vibrator substrate 21 is a long rectangular structure, and the rectangular resonant cavity 222 can be arranged adjacent to the side edge and end edge of the extension direction of the vibrator substrate 21, and the gap between adjacent resonant cavities 222 is minimized.
- the space of the vibrator substrate 21 can be utilized to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the length of the vibrator arm 20, reducing the shielding of the vibrator arm 20 to the high-frequency signal, and is conducive to improving the high-frequency gain.
- the feed substrate 11 can be arranged in a vertical direction, and the vibrator substrate 21 is connected to the top of the feed substrate 11 and extends to the left and right sides of the feed substrate 11.
- a plurality of resonant cavities 222 are arranged near the top edge of the vibrator substrate 21, and are arranged flatly from one end of the vibrator substrate 21 to the other end, with only a small gap between them.
- the connecting branch 221 is arranged below the plurality of resonant cavities 222 and near the bottom edge of the vibrator substrate 21. In this way, the space of the vibrator substrate 21 can be utilized to the greatest extent, and the length and discontinuity of the vibrator arm 20 can be reduced.
- the feed substrate 11 and the vibrator substrate 21 connected thereto are integrally formed.
- the feed substrate 11 and the vibrator substrate 21 are formed as an integral PCB substrate, and the feed structure 12 and the radiation arm 22 are formed by a copper layer disposed on the same PCB substrate. This can simplify the manufacturing and assembly process of the radiation unit.
- the antenna radiating unit 100 and the high-frequency radiating unit 200 are used to form an antenna array, the antenna radiating unit 100 and the high-frequency radiating unit 200 are installed on a reflector 300, and the antenna radiating unit 100 radiates low-frequency signals, while the high-frequency radiating unit 200 radiates high-frequency signals.
- the feed substrate 11 is vertically arranged with the reflector 300, so that the vibrator substrate 21 is perpendicular to the reflection surface, which can reduce the shielding of the high-frequency signal of the vibrator arm 20, which is conducive to improving the high-frequency gain.
- the antenna radiation unit provided in the present disclosure may include a single-polarization radiation unit and a dual-polarization radiation unit.
- the feed balun 1 When the antenna radiation unit is a dual-polarization radiation unit, the feed balun 1 includes two mutually orthogonal feed substrates 11 , and the two radiation elements 2 are mutually orthogonal and connected to the two feed substrates 11 in a one-to-one correspondence.
- the feed structure 12 is disposed on the two feed substrates 11 .
- the two radiating vibrators 2 include a first radiating vibrator 2a and a second radiating vibrator 2b.
- the two vibrator arms 20 of the first radiating vibrator 2a are respectively connected to the two sides of one of the feeding substrates 11 and extend in the direction away from the feeding substrate 11.
- the two vibrator arms 20 of the second radiating vibrator 2b are respectively connected to the two sides of the other feeding substrate 11 and extend in the direction away from the feeding substrate 11.
- a first slot 111 is provided at the top of one of the feed substrates 11 , as shown in FIG. 5 As shown, the bottom end of the other feed substrate 11 is provided with a second slot 112.
- the two feed substrates 11 are vertically plugged into each other through the first slot 111 and the second slot 112. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the two feed substrates 11 can be connected together in any other suitable manner.
- the feeding structure 12 is arranged on a structure formed by orthogonal two feeding substrates 11. Specifically, the feeding structure 12 includes a microstrip line structure 121 and a differential structure 122.
- the microstrip line structure 121 includes four first microstrip lines 1211, which are coupled and connected to the radiation arms 22 of the four dipole arms 20 in a one-to-one correspondence.
- the two feed substrates 11 are respectively provided with differential structures 122.
- the two first microstrip lines 1211 connected to one of the radiating elements 2 are coupled and connected through the differential structure 122 on one of the feed substrates 11, and the two first microstrip lines 1211 connected to the other radiating element 2 are coupled and connected through the differential structure 122 on the other feed substrate 11, forming a dual-polarized radiating unit.
- Two of the four first microstrip lines 1211 are coupled and connected through a differential structure 122 on a feed substrate 11, and are respectively used to feed two radiating arms 22 of the first radiating element 2a; the other two first microstrip lines 1211 are coupled and connected through a differential structure 122 on another feed substrate 11, and are respectively used to feed two radiating arms 22 of the second radiating element 2b.
- the two radiating elements 2 are respectively used to radiate low-frequency signals in two polarization directions, and the low-frequency signals in the two polarization directions are in an orthogonal state, realizing the dual-polarization radiation function of the antenna radiation unit 100.
- the two first microstrip lines 1211 for feeding the two diagonal radiating arms 22 are respectively connected to the two ends of a differential structure 122, and the differential structure 122 can make the current input to one of the radiating arms 22 have a 180° phase difference, so that the current directions on the two radiating arms 22 are consistent.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure feeds the radiating element 2 through the feeding structure 12 with the differential structure 122, which can improve the polarization purity of the antenna and improve the cross-polarization ratio of the antenna.
- the four dipole arms 20 are rotationally symmetrical about the intersection of the two feed substrates 11, and the four first microstrip lines 1211 are respectively located in four quadrants orthogonally formed by the two feed substrates 11, and are rotationally symmetrical about the intersection of the two feed substrates 11.
- the first microstrip line 1211 includes a feeding section 12111 and a coupling section 12112 connected to each other, the feeding section 12111 is provided on one of the feed substrates 11, and the coupling section 12112 is provided on the other feed substrate 11 and coupled to the corresponding radiating arm 22.
- the radiation arms 22 on the four dipole arms 20 are located on the same side of the corresponding dipole substrate 21.
- a first microstrip line 1211 is provided in each quadrant, and the feeding section 12111 of the same first microstrip line 1211 is provided on one side of one of the feed substrates 11, and the coupling section 12112 is provided on one side of the other feed substrate 11. That is to say, referring to FIGS. 2 to 5 , the first side 11a and the second side 11b of each feed substrate 11 are provided with a feeding section 12111 of a first microstrip line 1211 and a coupling section 12112 of another first microstrip line 1211.
- the first microstrip lines 1211 in the four quadrants are coupled and connected one by one with the four radiating arms 22.
- the feeding section 12111 has a vertical section extending along the height direction of the feeding substrate 11 (perpendicular to the extension direction of the vibrator substrate 21), and the coupling section 12112 is connected to the top of the vertical section and extends along the extension direction of the vibrator substrate 21 to be coupled and connected with the resonant cavity 222.
- the feed substrate 11 has a first side surface 11a and a second side surface 11b opposite to each other.
- the first side surface 11a and the second side surface 11b both have a conductive thin layer made of a conductive material.
- the conductive thin layer forms a differential structure 122.
- the differential structure 122 includes a first differential portion 122a and a second differential portion 122b, the first differential portion 122a is arranged on the first side surface 11a, and the second differential portion 122b is arranged on the second side surface 11b, and the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b are coupled and connected.
- the feed section 12111 on the first side surface 11a is connected to the first differential portion 122a
- the feed section 12111 on the second side surface 11b is connected to the second differential portion 122b.
- a ground layer 13 is provided on both the first side surface 11a and the second side surface 11b.
- the ground layer 13 on the first side surface 11a is provided corresponding to the feeding structure 12 on the second side surface 11b
- the ground layer 13 on the second side surface 11b is provided corresponding to the feeding structure 12 on the first side surface 11a.
- the ground layer 13 is laid to the area where the microstrip line structure 121 is coupled to the radiating arm 22.
- first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b are arranged opposite to each other on the feed substrate 11 and are coupled to each other.
- the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b are respectively extended along the height direction of the feed substrate 11.
- the bottom end of the feed section 12111 on the first side 11a is connected to the bottom end of the first differential portion 122a, and the top end of the first differential portion 122a is connected to the ground layer 13 on the first side 11a.
- the bottom end of the feed section 12111 on the second side 11b is connected to the top end of the second differential portion 122b, and the bottom end of the second differential portion 122b is connected to the ground layer 13 on the second side 11b.
- the feeding section 12111 and the first differential portion 122a on the first side 11a of each feed substrate 11 are respectively located on both sides of the other feed substrate 11.
- the feeding section 12111 and the second differential portion 122b on the second side 11b of each feed substrate 11 are located on the same side of the other feed substrate 11.
- the microstrip line structure 121 further includes a second microstrip line 1212.
- the first side surfaces 11a of the two feeding substrates 11 are both provided with the second microstrip line 1212, the feeding section 12111 and the first differential portion 122a on the first side surfaces 11a are respectively connected to one end of the second microstrip line 1212, and the other end of the second microstrip line 1212 is used to be connected to the feeding network.
- the feed balun 1 When the antenna radiation unit is a single-polarization radiation unit, the feed balun 1 includes a feed substrate 11, and the feed substrate 11 has a first side surface 11a and a second side surface 11b opposite to each other.
- the feed structure 12 includes a microstrip line structure 121 and a differential structure 122.
- the differential structure 122 includes a first differential portion 122a and a second differential portion 122b, the first differential portion 122a is arranged on the first side surface 11a, and the second differential portion 122b is arranged on the second side surface 11b, and the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 111b are coupled and connected.
- the microstrip line structure 121 includes two microstrip lines respectively arranged on the first side surface 11a and the second side surface 11b, one end of the two microstrip lines is respectively connected to the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b, and the other end of the two microstrip lines is respectively connected to two differential portions of the radiation oscillator 2.
- the radiation arms 22 are coupled.
- the single-polarization radiation unit provided in this embodiment is based on the structure shown in Figures 2 and 3, and no slot is set on the feed substrate 11, and the feeding section 12111 and the coupling section 12112 on the first side 11a are connected to form a microstrip line, and the feeding section 12111 and the coupling section 12112 on the second side 11b are connected to form another microstrip line.
- One end of the two microstrip lines is respectively connected to the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b to achieve the coupling connection of the two microstrip lines.
- the microstrip line on the first side 11a and the first differential portion 122a are respectively connected to one end of the second microstrip line 1212, and the other end of the second microstrip line 1212 is used to connect to the feeding network.
- the first differential portion 122a and the second differential portion 122b each include a plurality of feed blocks 1221, and the feed blocks 1221 are configured to have a folded structure.
- the plurality of feed blocks 1221 are formed by a conductive thin layer on the first side 11a and the second side 11b in a predetermined folded pattern, and are used to transmit electrical signals from the microstrip line to the radiating oscillator.
- the plurality of feed blocks 1221 are arranged in sequence, and adjacent feed blocks 1221 are coupled and connected.
- the two outermost feed blocks 1221 of the plurality of feed blocks 1221 are respectively connected to the feed section 12111 and the ground layer 13.
- the plurality of feed blocks 1221 are sequentially spaced and arranged along the length direction of the feed section 12111.
- the feed block 1221 at the lowest end of the first side 11a is connected to the feed section 12111, and the feed block 1221 at the top is connected to the ground layer 13.
- the feed block 1221 at the top of the second side 11b is connected to the feed section 12111, and the feed block 1221 at the lowest end is connected to the ground layer 13.
- the folded feeding block 1221 can increase the current flow path and realize the differential function through the path difference.
- the feeding block 1221 is constructed as a "z" shaped structure as shown in Figure 2, and four "z" shaped feeding blocks 1221 are interlocked in sequence and arranged in a twisted shape.
- the antenna radiation unit 100 further includes a base 3, and the grounding layer 13 on the first side 11a and the second side 11b is grounded through the base 3.
- a third microstrip line is provided on the base 3, and the second microstrip line 1212 on the feed balun 1 is connected to one end of the third microstrip line, and the other end of the third microstrip line is connected to the coaxial line.
- the second microstrip line 1212 is directly connected to the coaxial line.
- the base 3 may also be a PCB board structure.
- the single-polarized antenna radiating unit 100 only needs two PCB boards, and the dual-polarized antenna radiating unit 100 only needs three PCB boards, which is simple in structure and easy to assemble.
- the present disclosure further provides an antenna, which includes at least one antenna radiating unit 100 as described in the above embodiment.
- a plurality of antenna radiating units 100 are arranged in an array.
- the antenna also includes a reflector 300, on which the antenna radiating unit 100 is disposed.
- the antenna further includes at least one high-frequency radiation unit 200, and the high-frequency radiation unit 200 is distributed around the antenna radiation unit 100.
- Multiple high-frequency radiation units 200 can be distributed around each antenna radiation unit 100, and the multiple high-frequency radiation units 200 are arranged in a matrix.
- the resonant cavity 222 can conduct the low-frequency current in the feeding structure 12 and filter the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit 200, thereby reducing the RCS (radar cross section) value of the antenna radiation unit 100 in the high frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit 200, thereby achieving the purpose of stealth.
- RCS radar cross section
- the high-frequency radiation unit 200 and the antenna radiation unit 100 are arranged on the reflection plate 300, and the vibrator substrate 21 is perpendicular to the reflection surface of the reflection plate 300. In this way, the shielding of the high-frequency signal radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit 200 by the vibrator arm 20 can be reduced, and the high-frequency gain can be improved.
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Abstract
公开了一种天线辐射单元(100)，该天线辐射单元(100)包括馈电巴伦(1)和至少一个辐射振子(2)。馈电巴伦(1)包括至少一个馈电基板(11)和设于馈电基板(11)上的馈电结构(12)。辐射振子(2)包括两个振子臂(20)，振子臂(20)包括振子基板(21)和设于振子基板(21)上的辐射臂(22)，两个振子臂(20)的振子基板(21)连接于馈电基板(11)并分别向馈电基板(11)的两侧延伸。辐射臂(22)与馈电结构(12)耦合连接，辐射臂(22)包括连接枝节(221)和多个谐振腔(222)，多个谐振腔(222)沿振子臂(20)的延伸方向排列并在延伸方向的一侧通过连接枝节(221)相互连接。还公开了一种包括该天线辐射单元(100)的天线。
Description
相关申请
本公开要求于2022年11月18日在中国国家知识产权局提交的第202211449812.5号中国专利申请的优先权的权益，该中国专利申请的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文中以用于所有目的。
本公开涉及通信设备技术领域，尤其涉及天线辐射单元和天线。
辐射单元是天线的主要组成部分，其用于定向收发电磁波，从而实现无线通信。双极化辐射单元可以实现极化分集，同时可以工作在收发双工模式下，极大减小天线的数量和占用空间。考虑运营成本的问题，目前多采用低频辐射单元和高频辐射单元混合的多频阵列天线，例如4G天线与5G Massive MIMO天线的混合阵列天线。其中，4G天线的低频辐射单元会耦合5G天线的高频辐射单元的辐射能量，导致Massive MIMO天线的波束变形，对高频信号造成严重的干扰，影响高频辐射单元的覆盖范围，且降低高低频之间的隔离度。
相关技术中，在低频辐射单元上插入带阻滤波器，以抑制高频电磁波在低频辐射单元上产生的感应电流，减弱低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元的影响。然而，由于需要加载数个独立的带阻滤波器，导致增大了低频辐射单元的辐射面，对高频信号造成屏蔽，影响高频增益。
发明内容
本公开提供一种天线辐射单元和天线，用以解决传统技术中高低频混合的天线阵列中，低频辐射单元会对高频辐射单元造成屏蔽，影响高频增益的问题。
本公开的第一方面提供一种天线辐射单元，该天线辐射单元包括：馈电巴伦，包括馈电基板和设于所述馈电基板上的馈电结构；辐射振子，包括两个振子臂，所述振子臂包括振子基板和设于所述振子基板上的辐射臂，两个所述振子臂的所述振子基板连接于所述馈电基板并分别向所述馈电基板的两侧延伸。所述辐射臂与所述馈电结构耦合连接，所述辐射臂包括
连接枝节和多个谐振腔，多个所述谐振腔沿所述振子臂的延伸方向排列并在所述延伸方向的一侧通过所述连接枝节相互连接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述振子基板和所述谐振腔中的至少一者为矩形。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述多个谐振腔中的相邻谐振腔间隔设置。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述馈电基板和与之连接的所述振子基板一体成型。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述馈电基板和与之连接的所述振子基板形成为单一PCB基板，所述馈电结构和所述辐射臂由设置于所述PCB基板上的铜层形成。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述天线辐射单元包括相互正交的两个辐射振子，所述馈电巴伦包括相互正交的两个馈电基板，所述两个辐射振子中的各个辐射振子与所述两个馈电基板中的相应馈电基板连接，所述馈电结构设于所述两个馈电基板上。
在本公开的第一方面中，在所述天线辐射单元包括所述两个辐射振子的情况下，所述天线辐射单元包括四个振子臂。所述馈电结构包括微带线结构和差分结构，所述微带线结构包括四条第一微带线，所述四条第一微带线中的各个第一微带线与所述四个振子臂中的相应振子臂的所述辐射臂耦合连接，所述两个馈电基板上分别设有所述差分结构。
在本公开的第一方面中，连接于所述两个辐射振子中的一个辐射振子的两条第一微带线通过所述两个馈电基板中的一个馈电基板上的所述差分结构耦合连接，连接于所述两个辐射振子中的另一个辐射振子的两条第一微带线通过所述两个馈电基板中的另一个馈电基板上的所述差分结构耦合连接，形成双极化辐射单元。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述四个振子臂以所述两个馈电基板的交线为中心旋转对称，所述四条第一微带线分别位于所述两个馈电基板正交形成的四个象限内，且以所述两个馈电基板的交线为中心旋转对称。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述第一微带线包括相互连接的馈电段和耦合段，所述馈电段设于所述两个馈电基板中的一个所述馈电基板上，所述耦合段设于所述两个馈电基板中的另一个所述馈电基板上并与相应的所述辐射臂耦合连接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述馈电基板具有相背的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述差分结构包括第一差分部和第二差分部，所述第一差分部设于所述第一侧面，所述第二差分部设于所述第二侧面，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部耦合连接，所述第一侧面上的所述馈电段与所述第一差分部相连，所述第二侧面上的所述馈电段与所述第二差分部相连。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面上均设有接地层，所述第一差分
部和所述第二差分部均包括多个馈电块，所述多个馈电块依次排布，相邻所述馈电块耦合连接，所述多个馈电块中最外侧的两个馈电块分别与所述馈电段和所述接地层连接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述馈电块构造为具有折形结构。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述微带线结构还包括设于所述馈电基板的所述第一侧面上的第二微带线，所述第二微带线的一端与所述第一侧面上的所述馈电段和所述第一差分部连接，所述第二微带线的另一端与馈电网络连接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述两个馈电基板中的一个馈电基板的顶端设有第一插槽，所述两个馈电基板中的另一个馈电基板的底端设有第二插槽，所述两个馈电基板通过第一插槽和第二插槽相互垂直插接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述馈电基板具有相背的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述馈电结构包括微带线结构和差分结构。所述差分结构包括第一差分部和第二差分部，所述第一差分部设于所述第一侧面，所述第二差分部设于所述第二侧面，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部耦合连接。所述微带线结构包括分别设于所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面的两条微带线，所述两条微带线的一端分别与所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部连接，所述两条微带线的另一端分别与所述辐射振子的两个所述辐射臂耦合连接。
在本公开的第一方面中，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部均包括多个馈电块，所述多个馈电块依次间隔设置，所述多个馈电块中相邻的馈电块耦合连接，每个馈电块构造为具有折形结构。
本公开的第二方面提供一种天线，该天线包括至少一个根据上述第一方面的天线辐射单元。
在本公开的第二方面中，所述天线还包括至少一个高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元分布于所述天线辐射单元的周侧。
在本公开的第二方面中，所述天线还包括反射板，所述高频辐射单元和所述天线辐射单元设置于所述反射板上，所述振子基板均垂直于所述反射板的反射面。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或传统技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或传统技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些
附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施例的天线辐射单元的结构示意图；
图2是根据本公开的一个实施例的天线辐射单元中的一个馈电基板与第一辐射振子连接结构示意图；
图3是图2中的馈电巴伦与振子臂连接结构的背视图；
图4是根据本公开的一个实施例的天线辐射单元中的另一个馈电基板与第二辐射振子连接结构示意图；
图5是图4中的馈电巴伦与振子臂连接结构的背视图；
图6是根据本公开的一个实施例的天线的结构示意图；
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开中的附图，对本公开中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
当特征或元件在本文中被称为是在另一特征或元件“上”时，其可以直接在另一特征或元件上，或者也可以存在中间特征和/或元件。相较而言，当特征或元件被称为“直接”在另一特征或元素“上”时，不存在中间特征或元素。还可以理解，当特征或元件被称为“连接”、“附接”或“耦接”到另一特征或元件时，其可以直接连接、附接或耦接到另一特征或元件，或者可以存在中间特征或元件。相较而言，当特征或元件被称为“直接连接”、“直接附接”或“直接耦接”到另一特征或元件时，不存在中间特征或元件。
为了便于描述，本文中可能使用诸如“在……之下”、“在……下方”、“在……之上”、“在……上方”等空间相对术语来描述如图所示的一个特征或元件与另一个特征或元件的关系。可以理解，除了图中所描绘的取向之外，空间相对术语旨在包含装置在使用中或操作中的不同取向。例如，如果图中的装置被倒置，则被描述为在其他特征或元件“之下”的特征或元件，将被定向为在其他特征或元件“之上”。因此，示例性术语“在……之下”可以包括上方和下方两个方向。还可以理解，该装置可以处于其它取向(例如，旋转90度或其它角度)，并且本文使用的空间相关的描述将被相应地解释。
虽然在本文中可能使用术语“第一”和“第二”来描述各种特征或元件，但是这些特征
或元件不应受到这些术语的限制，除非另有特别指明。这些术语可以用于将一个特征或元件与另一个特征或元件区分开来。因此，下面描述的第一特征或元件可以被称为第二特征或元件，并且类似地，下面描述的第二特征或元件可以被称为第一特征或元件，而不脱离本公开的范围。
下面参考图1至图6，通过示例性实施例描述了本公开提出的天线辐射单元和天线。
如图1所示，在本公开的一个实施例中，天线辐射单元100包括馈电巴伦1和辐射振子2。馈电巴伦1包括馈电基板11和设于馈电基板11上的馈电结构12。辐射振子2包括两个振子臂20，振子臂20包括振子基板21和设于振子基板21的辐射臂22。两个振子臂20的振子基板21连接于馈电基板11并分别向馈电基板11的两侧延伸。辐射臂22与馈电结构12耦合连接，辐射臂22包括连接枝节221和多个谐振腔222，多个谐振腔222沿振子臂20的延伸方向排列并在所述延伸方向的一侧通过连接枝节221连接。
可以理解的是，振子基板21的延伸方向即为振子臂20的长度方向。两个振子臂20的振子基板21共面且沿相反的方向延伸，形成一个辐射振子2。
馈电结构12的一端用于连接馈电网络，辐射振子2的两个辐射臂22分别与馈电结构12的另一端耦合连接，实现对辐射振子2的耦合馈电。谐振腔222和连接枝节221由设于振子基板21上的铜层形成。辐射臂22的谐振腔222与馈电结构12耦合连接。
参见图1至图3，对于每个辐射臂22，连接枝节221包括第一连接枝节221a和第二连接枝节221b。第一连接枝节221a位于多个谐振腔222的一侧，并沿多个谐振腔222的排布方向延伸，每一谐振腔222的一侧通过第二连接枝节221b连接于第一连接枝节221a。
谐振腔222能够导通馈电结构12内的低频电流，同时能够通过谐振抑制高频电流干扰。即谐振腔222在辐射低频信号的同时，还能对高频信号起到滤波作用，从而抑制高频信号的干扰，降低高频Q值，降低该天线辐射单元100在高频段的RCS(雷达散射截面)值，达到隐身的目的。可以理解的是，可根据馈电结构12内的电流频率和需要抑制的电流频率设置谐振腔222的形状及其在振子基板21上的覆盖面积。
在本实施例的天线辐射单元100中，通过在振子臂20上设置多个谐振腔222，并且通过连接枝节221连接这些谐振腔222，从而形成辐射臂22。参见图6，当该天线辐射单元100搭配高频辐射单元200组成多频阵列天线时，辐射臂22不仅能够导通馈电巴伦1上的馈电结构12的低频电流，同时还能有效抑制高频电流干扰，减弱该天线辐射单元100对高频辐射单元200的影响，提高高频增益。并且，多个谐振腔222沿振子臂20的长度方向排列，实现辐
射臂22过滤高频信号的同时，减小了振子臂20的不连续性，减小了辐射面，从而减小其对高频信号的遮蔽，有利于提高高频辐射单元200的高频增益。
可选地，振子基板21和谐振腔222中的至少一者可以均为矩形，并且相邻谐振腔222可以间隔设置。可以理解的是，参见图1至图5，振子基板21为长条矩形结构，矩形谐振腔222能够临近振子基板21的延伸方向一侧边缘和端部边缘设置，且最小化相邻谐振腔222之间的间隙。这样，在满足连接枝节221布置空间需求的前提下，能够最大程度的利用振子基板21的空间，从而减小振子臂20的长度，减小振子臂20对高频信号的遮蔽，有利于提高高频增益。
如图2所示，馈电基板11可以呈竖直方向设置，振子基板21连接于馈电基板11的顶部并向馈电基板11的左右两侧延伸。多个谐振腔222靠近振子基板21的顶侧边缘设置，并从振子基板21的一端平铺排列至另一端，彼此之间仅保留较小的间隙。连接枝节221设置于多个谐振腔222的下方并靠近振子基板21的底侧边缘设置。如此，可以极大程度的利用振子基板21的空间，减小振子臂20的长度和不连续性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，馈电基板11和与之连接的振子基板21一体成型。可选地，馈电基板11和振子基板21形成为一整体PCB基板，馈电结构12和辐射臂22由设置于同一PCB基板上的铜层形成。这样可以简化辐射单元的制造和装配工艺。
如图6所示，使用该天线辐射单元100与高频辐射单元200组成天线阵列时，将天线辐射单元100和高频辐射单元200安装在反射板300上，利用天线辐射单元100辐射低频信号，高频辐射单元200辐射高频信号。馈电基板11与反射板300垂直设置，使得振子基板21垂直于反射面，这样可以减小振子臂20对的高频信号的遮蔽，有利于提高高频增益。
本公开提供的天线辐射单元可以包括单极化辐射单元和双极化辐射单元。
当该天线辐射单元为双极化辐射单元时，馈电巴伦1包括相互正交的两个馈电基板11，两个辐射振子2相互正交且与两个馈电基板11一一对应连接。馈电结构12设于两个馈电基板11上。
具体地，两个辐射振子2包括第一辐射振子2a和第二辐射振子2b，第一辐射振子2a的两个振子臂20分别连接于其中一个馈电基板11的两侧并分别向远离该馈电基板11的方向延伸，第二辐射振子2b的两个振子臂20分别连接于另一个馈电基板11的两侧并分别向远离该馈电基板11的方向延伸。
在本实施例中，如图2所示，其中一个馈电基板11的顶端设有第一插槽111，如图5所
示，另一个馈电基板11的底端设有第二插槽112。两个馈电基板11通过第一插槽111和第二插槽112相互垂直插接。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，两个馈电基板11可以通过任意其他合适的方式连接在一起。
馈电结构12设置于两个馈电基板11正交形成的结构上。具体地，馈电结构12包括微带线结构121和差分结构122。微带线结构121包括四条第一微带线1211，四条第一微带线1211与四个振子臂20的辐射臂22一一对应耦合连接。
两个馈电基板11上分别设有差分结构122。连接于其中一个辐射振子2的两条第一微带线1211通过其中一个馈电基板11上的差分结构122耦合连接，连接于另一个辐射振子2的两条第一微带线1211通过另一个馈电基板11上的差分结构122耦合连接，形成双极化辐射单元。
四条第一微带线1211的其中两条第一微带线1211通过一个馈电基板11上的差分结构122耦合连接，并分别用于给第一辐射振子2a的两个辐射臂22馈电；另外两条第一微带线1211通过另一个馈电基板11上的差分结构122耦合连接，并分别用于给第二辐射振子2b的两个辐射臂22馈电。两个辐射振子2分别用于辐射两种极化方向的低频信号，且两种极化方向的低频信号呈正交状态，实现了该天线辐射单元100的双极化辐射功能。
可以理解的是，用于给对角两个辐射臂22馈电的两条第一微带线1211分别连接于一个差分结构122的两端，差分结构122能够使输入到其中一个辐射臂22电流产生180°相差，从而使两个辐射臂22上的电流方向一致。本公开实施例通过带有差分结构122的馈电结构12对辐射振子2进行馈电，能够提高天线的极化纯度，提高天线的交叉极化比。
进一步地，如图1所示，四个振子臂20以两个馈电基板11的交线为中心旋转对称，四条第一微带线1211分别位于两个馈电基板11正交形成的四个象限内，且以两个馈电基板11的交线为中心旋转对称。第一微带线1211包括相互连接的馈电段12111和耦合段12112，馈电段12111设于其中一个馈电基板11上，耦合段12112设于另一个馈电基板11上并与对应的辐射臂22耦合连接。
可以理解的是，四个振子臂20上的辐射臂22位于对应振子基板21的相同侧。每一象限内设有一条第一微带线1211，且同一条第一微带线1211的馈电段12111设于其中一个馈电基板11的一侧面，耦合段12112设于另一个馈电基板11的一侧面。也就是说，参见图2至图5，每一馈电基板11的第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b均设有一条第一微带线1211的馈电段12111和另一条第一微带线1211的耦合段12112。
四个象限内的第一微带线1211与四个辐射臂22一一对应耦合连接。具体地，馈电段12111具有沿馈电基板11的高度方向(垂直于振子基板21的延伸方向)延伸的竖直段，耦合段12112与该竖直段的顶部连接并沿振子基板21的延伸方向延伸至与谐振腔222耦合连接。
馈电基板11具有相背的第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b。第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b均具有由导电材料制备的导电薄层。导电薄层形成差分结构122。差分结构122包括第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b，第一差分部122a设于第一侧面11a，第二差分部122b设于第二侧面11b，第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b耦合连接。第一侧面11a上的馈电段12111与第一差分部122a相连，第二侧面11b上的馈电段12111与第二差分部相连122b。
需要说明的是，第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b上均设有接地层13。第一侧面11a上的接地层13与第二侧面11b上的馈电结构12对应设置，第二侧面11b上的接地层13与第一侧面11a上的馈电结构12对应设置。如图2和图3所示，在馈电基板11和振子基板21一体成型的情况下，接地层13铺设至微带线结构121与辐射臂22相耦合的区域。
具体地，第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b在馈电基板11上相背设置，并且彼此耦合连接。第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b分别沿馈电基板11的高度方向延伸设置。第一侧面11a上的馈电段12111的底端与第一差分部122a的底端连接，第一差分部122a的顶端与第一侧面11a上的接地层13连接。第二侧面11b上的馈电段12111的底端与第二差分部122b的顶端连接，第二差分部122b的底端与第二侧面11b上的接地层13连接。
每一个馈电基板11的第一侧面11a上的馈电段12111和第一差分部122a分别位于另一个馈电基板11的两侧。每一个馈电基板11的第二侧面11b上的馈电段12111和第二差分部122b位于另一个馈电基板11的同一侧。
参见图2和图4，微带线结构121还包括第二微带线1212。两个馈电基板11的第一侧面11a均设有第二微带线1212，第一侧面11a上的馈电段12111和第一差分部122a分别与第二微带线1212的一端连接，第二微带线1212的另一端用于与馈电网络连接。
当该天线辐射单元为单极化辐射单元时，馈电巴伦1包括一个馈电基板11，馈电基板11具有相背的第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b。馈电结构12包括微带线结构121和差分结构122。差分结构122包括第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b，第一差分部122a设于第一侧面11a，第二差分部122b设于第二侧面11b，第一差分部122a和第二差分部111b耦合连接。微带线结构121包括分别设于第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b的两条微带线，两条微带线的一端分别与第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b连接，两条微带线的另一端分别与辐射振子2的两个
辐射臂22耦合连接。
可以理解的是，与上述双极化辐射单元结构不同的是，本实施例提供的单极化辐射单元是在图2和图3所示结构的基础上，在馈电基板11上不设置插槽，且第一侧面11a上的馈电段12111和耦合段12112连接形成一条微带线，第二侧面11b上的馈电段12111和耦合段12112连接形成另一条微带线。这两条微带线的一端分别与第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b连接，实现两条微带线的耦合连接。第一侧面11a上的微带线和第一差分部122a分别与第二微带线1212的一端连接，第二微带线1212的另一端用于与馈电网络连接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第一差分部122a和第二差分部122b均包括多个馈电块1221，馈电块1221构造为具有折形结构。多个馈电块1221由第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b上的导电薄层以预定的折形图案形成，用于将电信号从微带线传输到辐射振子。多个馈电块1221依次排布，相邻馈电块1221耦合连接。多个馈电块1221中最外侧的两个馈电块1221分别与馈电段12111和接地层13连接。
可以理解的是，多个馈电块1221依次间隔设置，并沿馈电段12111的长度方向排布。参见图2和图4，第一侧面11a最低端的馈电块1221与馈电段12111连接，最顶端的馈电块1221与接地层13连接。参见图3和图5，第二侧面11b最顶端的馈电块1221与馈电段12111连接，最低端的馈电块1221与接地层13连接。
折形结构的馈电块1221能够增加电流流经路径，通过路径差实现差分功能。可选地，馈电块1221构造为如图2所示的“z”字形结构，四个“z”字形馈电块1221依次相扣，呈绞形交错分布。
在本公开的一些实施例中，天线辐射单元100还包括底座3，第一侧面11a和第二侧面11b上的接地层13通过底座3实现接地。可选地，底座3上设有第三微带线，馈电巴伦1上的第二微带线1212与第三微带线的一端连接，第三微带线的另一端与同轴线连接。或者，第二微带线1212直接连接同轴线。
底座3也可以为PCB板结构。在馈电基板11和与之连接的振子基板21一体成型的情况下，单极化的天线辐射单元100只需设置两块PCB板，双极化的天线辐射单元100只需设置三块PCB板，结构简单，装配方便。
此外，本公开还提供一种天线，该天线包括至少一个如上述实施例所述的天线辐射单元100。多个天线辐射单元100阵列排布。进一步地，该天线还包括反射板300，天线辐射单元100设置于反射板300上。
如图6所示，本公开一些实施例中，该天线还包括至少一个高频辐射单元200，高频辐射单元200分布于天线辐射单元100的周侧。每一天线辐射单元100的周侧可分布多个高频辐射单元200，多个高频辐射单元200呈矩阵式排列。谐振腔222能够导通馈电结构12内的低频电流并过滤高频辐射单元200辐射的高频电磁波，从而减小天线辐射单元100在高频辐射单元200的高频段的RCS(雷达散射截面)值，达到隐身的目的。
进一步地，高频辐射单元200和天线辐射单元100设置于反射板300上，振子基板21均垂直于反射板300的反射面。这样可以减少振子臂20对高频辐射单元200辐射的高频信号的遮蔽，提高高频增益。
尽管上面描述了各种说明性实施例，但是在不脱离如权利要求所描述的本公开的范围的情况下，可以对各种实施例进行多种修改。例如，各种装置或系统实施例的可选特征可以包含在一些实施例中，也可以不包含在其他实施例中。因此，提供前面的描述主要是为了示例性说明的目的，并且不应当解释为对权利要求所陈述的本公开的范围的限制。
本文所包含的示例和图示通过举例而非限制的方式示出了实施本公开的具体实施例。如前所述，可以从其衍生出其它实施例，使得可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下进行结构的替换和改变。因此，虽然本文已经描述了具体实施例，但是任何能够实现相同目的的配置都可以代替所示的具体实施例。本公开旨在覆盖各种实施例的所有变化。对于本领域技术人员而言，通过阅读上面的描述，可以得到上述实施例的各种组合以及本文没有详细描述的其他实施例。
Claims (20)
- 一种天线辐射单元，其特征在于，包括：馈电巴伦，包括至少一个馈电基板和设于所述馈电基板上的馈电结构；至少一个辐射振子，每个辐射振子包括两个振子臂，所述振子臂包括振子基板和设于所述振子基板上的辐射臂，所述两个振子臂的所述振子基板连接于所述馈电基板并分别向所述馈电基板的两侧延伸；其中，所述辐射臂与所述馈电结构耦合连接，所述辐射臂包括连接枝节和多个谐振腔，所述多个谐振腔沿所述振子臂的延伸方向排列并在所述延伸方向的一侧通过所述连接枝节相互连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述振子基板和所述谐振腔中的至少一者为矩形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述多个谐振腔中的相邻谐振腔间隔设置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电基板和与之连接的所述振子基板一体成型。
- 根据权利要求4所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电基板和与之连接的所述振子基板形成为单一PCB基板，所述馈电结构和所述辐射臂由设置于所述PCB基板上的铜层形成。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述天线辐射单元包括相互正交的两个辐射振子，所述馈电巴伦包括相互正交的两个馈电基板，所述两个辐射振子中的各个辐射振子与所述两个馈电基板中的相应馈电基板连接，所述馈电结构设于所述两个馈电基板上。
- 根据权利要求6所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，在所述天线辐射单元包括所述两个辐射振子的情况下，所述天线辐射单元包括四个振子臂；所述馈电结构包括微带线结构和差分结构，所述微带线结构包括四条第一微带线，所述四条第一微带线中的各个第一微带线与所述四个振子臂中的相应振子臂的所述辐射臂耦合连接，所述两个馈电基板上分别设有所述差分结构。
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，连接于所述两个辐射振子中的一个辐射振子的两条第一微带线通过所述两个馈电基板中的一个馈电基板上的所述差分结构耦 合连接，连接于所述两个辐射振子中的另一个辐射振子的两条第一微带线通过所述两个馈电基板中的另一个馈电基板上的所述差分结构耦合连接，形成双极化辐射单元。
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述四个振子臂以所述两个馈电基板的交线为中心旋转对称，所述四条第一微带线分别位于所述两个馈电基板正交形成的四个象限内，且以所述两个馈电基板的交线为中心旋转对称。
- 根据权利要求7所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一微带线包括相互连接的馈电段和耦合段，所述馈电段设于所述两个馈电基板中的一个馈电基板上，所述耦合段设于所述两个馈电基板中的另一个馈电基板上并与相应的所述辐射臂耦合连接。
- 根据权利要求10所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电基板具有相背的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述差分结构包括第一差分部和第二差分部，所述第一差分部设于所述第一侧面，所述第二差分部设于所述第二侧面，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部耦合连接，所述第一侧面上的所述馈电段与所述第一差分部相连，所述第二侧面上的所述馈电段与所述第二差分部相连。
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面上均设有接地层，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部均包括多个馈电块，所述多个馈电块依次排布，所述多个馈电块中相邻的馈电块耦合连接，所述多个馈电块中最外侧的两个馈电块分别与所述馈电段和所述接地层连接。
- 根据权利要求12所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电块构造为具有折形结构。
- 根据权利要求11所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述微带线结构还包括设于所述馈电基板的所述第一侧面上的第二微带线，所述第二微带线的一端与所述第一侧面上的所述馈电段和所述第一差分部连接，所述第二微带线的另一端与馈电网络连接。
- 根据权利要求6所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述两个馈电基板中的一个馈电基板的顶端设有第一插槽，所述两个馈电基板中的另一个馈电基板的底端设有第二插槽，所述两个馈电基板通过第一插槽和第二插槽相互垂直插接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电基板具有相背的第一侧面和第二侧面，所述馈电结构包括微带线结构和差分结构；所述差分结构包括第一差分部和第二差分部，所述第一差分部设于所述第一侧面，所述第二差分部设于所述第二侧面，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部耦合连接；所述微带线结构包括分别设于所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面的两条微带线，所述两条微带线的一端分别与所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部连接，所述两条微带线的另一端分别与所述辐射振子的所述两个辐射臂耦合连接。
- 根据权利要求16所述的天线辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一差分部和所述第二差分部均包括多个馈电块，所述多个馈电块依次间隔设置，所述多个馈电块中相邻的馈电块耦合连接，每个馈电块构造为具有折形结构。
- 一种天线，其特征在于，包括至少一个如权利要求1至17中任一项所述的天线辐射单元。
- 根据权利要求18所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：至少一个高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元分布于所述天线辐射单元的周侧。
- 根据权利要求19所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括：反射板，所述高频辐射单元和所述天线辐射单元设置于所述反射板上，所述振子基板均垂直于所述反射板的反射面。
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| CN107123851A (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-09-01 | 厦门致联科技有限公司 | 一种基于小型化技术的试衣间rfid系统读写器天线 |
| CN206685537U (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-11-28 | 华侨大学 | 一种试衣间rfid系统的高增益读写器天线 |
| CN112216972A (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | 低频辐射单元及基站天线 |
| CN113178685A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-07-27 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | 辐射单元、天线及基站 |
| CN113964506A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-21 | 华南理工大学 | 一种用于异频去耦的双极化电磁隐身天线 |
| KR20220144063A (ko) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-26 | 주식회사 에이스테크놀로지 | 저대역 방사체 및 이를 포함하는 다중 광대역 안테나 |
| CN115810903A (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-17 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | 一种天线辐射单元和天线 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-18 CN CN202211449812.5A patent/CN115810903A/zh active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-27 WO PCT/CN2023/127116 patent/WO2024104087A1/zh unknown
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107123851A (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-09-01 | 厦门致联科技有限公司 | 一种基于小型化技术的试衣间rfid系统读写器天线 |
| CN206685537U (zh) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-11-28 | 华侨大学 | 一种试衣间rfid系统的高增益读写器天线 |
| CN112216972A (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-01-12 | 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司 | 低频辐射单元及基站天线 |
| CN113178685A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-07-27 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | 辐射单元、天线及基站 |
| KR20220144063A (ko) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-26 | 주식회사 에이스테크놀로지 | 저대역 방사체 및 이를 포함하는 다중 광대역 안테나 |
| CN113964506A (zh) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-01-21 | 华南理工大学 | 一种用于异频去耦的双极化电磁隐身天线 |
| CN115810903A (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-17 | 中信科移动通信技术股份有限公司 | 一种天线辐射单元和天线 |
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