WO2022097269A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022097269A1 WO2022097269A1 PCT/JP2020/041518 JP2020041518W WO2022097269A1 WO 2022097269 A1 WO2022097269 A1 WO 2022097269A1 JP 2020041518 W JP2020041518 W JP 2020041518W WO 2022097269 A1 WO2022097269 A1 WO 2022097269A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a power conversion device.
- energy-creating equipment energy-creating equipment using renewable energy such as solar cells
- energy storage equipment energy storage equipment
- a static inverter is adopted in order to connect the energy-creating equipment and the energy-storing equipment to the AC system.
- thermal power plants which are capable of adjusting the amount of power generation in response to fluctuations in demand, will be closed in the future from the viewpoint of reducing power generation costs including management costs as the amount of power generation by renewable energy increases.
- the synchronous generator in a thermal power plant has a potential effect (inertial force, synchronization force, etc.) of suppressing the fluctuation when the system frequency fluctuates. Therefore, if the thermal power plant is closed, the number of synchronous generators will be reduced, and it may be difficult to secure the stability of the power system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for setting control parameters of a distributed power source (static inverter) that implements virtual synchronous generator control. Specifically, Patent Document 1 describes in a distributed power source based on either a required inertial value required by a grid operator or a virtual inertial value calculated based on the specifications and operating conditions of the distributed power source. A method of generating control parameters for setting virtual inertia is disclosed.
- the inertial force of the system intended by the system manager is guaranteed, but each of them is caused by a change in load or a change in the amount of power generated by the energy-creating device. It is not possible to guarantee the amount of power shared by distributed power sources.
- each storage battery when the load of the entire system increases, the virtual synchronous generator control is executed in each storage battery, and the increased power is output by the two storage batteries. At that time, if the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control of the two storage batteries are the same, each storage battery additionally outputs the same amount of power.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is a power system in which a plurality of power converters having a static inverter equipped with a virtual synchronous generator control are connected.
- each power conversion device should be equal to the ratio of the power target value notified from the upper EMS (Energy Management System). It is to generate control parameters for virtual synchronous generator control that can prorate the excess and deficiency power.
- the power conversion device includes an inverter that converts the power output from the distributed power supply into AC power and outputs the power to the AC system, and a control circuit that controls the inverter.
- the control circuit consists of a virtual synchronous generator control circuit that gives the inverter the transient characteristics of the synchronous generator, a control parameter generation circuit that generates control parameters for controlling the virtual synchronous generator control circuit, and a virtual synchronous generator control.
- Information necessary for generating the power target value and control parameters of the distributed power supply from the inverter voltage control circuit that controls the inverter as the voltage source and the management device that manages the distributed power supply based on the AC system voltage information input from the circuit. Includes a communication circuit to receive.
- the control parameter generation circuit generates at least one of the speed adjustment rate and the braking coefficient used in the virtual synchronous generator control circuit based on the power target value received by the communication circuit and the information necessary for generating the control parameter.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the virtual synchronous generator control implemented in the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the virtual synchronous generator control implemented in the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic. It is a figure which shows the response waveform of the frequency of the AC voltage output from the static inverter when the load is suddenly changed in the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the response waveform of the effective value of the AC power output from the static inverter of each of the two power conversion devices which implemented the conventional virtual synchronous generator control.
- the response waveform of the frequency of the AC voltage output from each static inverter when two power conversion devices equipped with the conventional virtual synchronous generator control are operated is shown. It is a figure which shows an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 1st power conversion apparatus which implemented the conventional virtual synchronous generator control. It is a figure which shows an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 2nd power conversion apparatus which implemented the conventional virtual synchronous generator control. It is a figure which shows an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 2nd power conversion apparatus which implemented the virtual generator control which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 27 It is a figure which shows an example of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in the power conversion apparatus which implemented the virtual synchronous generator control which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 27 It is a figure for demonstrating the method of making the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of each power conversion apparatus using the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic shown in FIG. 27.
- FIG. 27 It is a figure for demonstrating the method of making a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of a static inverter with a capacity of 4kW.
- FIG. 30 It is a figure which shows the waveform of the effective value of the AC power output from the two power conversion devices shown in FIG. 30. It is a sequence diagram for demonstrating the normal operation of the distributed power supply system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control process of CEMS. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S05 of FIG. 33) which creates the operation plan of a storage battery. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S056 of FIG. 34) which generates the information necessary for generating the control parameter of a virtual synchronous generator control. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S0562 of FIG. 35) which generates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the problem in the case of controlling a power conversion apparatus according to the control parameter for virtual synchronous generator control generated in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated by changing the inclination of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 1st power conversion apparatus. It is a figure which shows an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated by changing the inclination of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 2nd power conversion apparatus. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the generation process of a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic executed by CEMS.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows an example of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 1st power conversion device by Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 2nd power conversion device by Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation of the 4th control circuit. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S220 of FIG. 46) which generates the control parameter. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S2201 of FIG. 47) which generates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic. It is a flowchart which shows the process (S2202 of FIG.
- FIG. 47 It is a flowchart for demonstrating the generation process of a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in CEMS.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure for demonstrating the method of making the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 1st power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the method of making the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the 2nd power conversion apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic which is executed in CEMS. It is a figure for demonstrating the concept of the virtual synchronous generator control technique.
- Embodiment 1 (Distribution system configuration example) First, a configuration example of a distribution system to which the power conversion device according to the first embodiment is connected will be described. Although the three-phase system is exemplified in the first embodiment, the distribution system may be a single-phase system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the distribution system 24.
- the distribution system 24 receives power from the substation 20.
- the distribution system 24 is provided with a plurality of automatic voltage regulators (SVRs: Step Voltage Regulators) 23a to 23c.
- the plurality of SVRs 23a to 23c are connected in series with respect to the flow of electric power.
- the plurality of SVRs 23a to 23c include a building 112, an apartment 113, a town A100a to a town D100d, a factory 110, a power conversion device 27 for a mega solar, a power conversion device 41a to 41c for a system storage battery, and synchronous generators 30a and 30b. Is connected.
- SVR23a to 23c are also collectively referred to as "SVR23”.
- the power conversion devices 41a to 41c are also collectively referred to as "power conversion device 41".
- a plurality of voltmeters 22a, 22e, 22f, 22i, 22j, 22x are arranged in the distribution system 24.
- the voltmeters 22a, 22e, 22f, 22i, 22j, and 22x are collectively referred to as "voltmeter 22".
- the measured values of each voltmeter 22 are transmitted to the distribution automation system 21 (hereinafter, also referred to as “DSO21”) at a predetermined cycle.
- the DSO 21 corresponds to an embodiment of a "system management device” that manages the distribution system 24.
- the tap position information, primary side voltage and secondary side voltage information of SVR23 are sent to DSO21.
- the SVR 23 notifies the tap position information, the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage information at a predetermined cycle, and at the time of tap switching, the tap position information, the primary side voltage and the secondary side voltage information. Will be notified irregularly.
- the CEMS (Community Energy Management System) 31 includes each consumer (town 100a to 100d, factory 110, building 112, apartment 113), power conversion device 27, synchronous generators 30a, 30b, and power conversion device at predetermined cycles. Information such as various measured values is collected from 41a to 41c.
- the CEMS 31 notifies the DSO 21 of the collected data in response to a request from the DSO 21.
- the power consumption of consumers in towns 100a to 100d and the power generated by energy-creating equipment are measured by smart meters (not shown) installed in each consumer.
- the CEMS 31 collects the measured values of the smart meter in a predetermined cycle (for example, a 30-minute cycle).
- CEMS 31 corresponds to one embodiment of the "management device".
- a mega solar 26 is connected to the power conversion device 27.
- System storage batteries 40a to 40c are connected to the power conversion devices 41a to 41c, respectively.
- the storage batteries 40a to 40c are large-capacity storage batteries that can be connected to the distribution system 24. In the following description, when the storage batteries 40a to 40c are generically referred to, they are also referred to as "storage battery 40".
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram for further explaining the configuration of the distribution system 24 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a load 600, a power conversion device 41, and a storage battery 40 are connected to the distribution system 24. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 2 shows the impedance 29 of the distribution system 24 as a centralized system.
- the impedance 29 of the distribution system 24 is composed of a reactor component and a resistance component.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of CEMS 31 shown in FIG.
- the CEMS 31 includes a communication circuit 11, a storage circuit 12, a control parameter generation circuit 13, an operation plan creation circuit 14, a transmission data generation circuit 15, and a control circuit 16.
- the communication circuit 11 includes the DSO21 via the communication line 25, each consumer (town 100a to 100d, factory 110, building 112, condominium 113), power conversion device 27, synchronous generators 30a and 30b, and power conversion devices 41a to 41c. Communicate with.
- the storage circuit 12 stores various information acquired via the communication circuit 11. Various types of information include measurement results and status information of each distributed power source.
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 generates control parameters for virtual synchronous generator control mounted on each of the power converters 41a to 41c.
- the operation plan creation circuit 14 creates an operation plan for the power conversion devices 41a to 41c based on the control command from the DSO21.
- the operation plan of the power conversion devices 41a to 41c includes a charge / discharge plan (power target value) of the corresponding storage batteries 40a to 40c.
- the operation plan creation circuit 14 creates an operation plan for 24 hours at intervals of 30 minutes.
- the operation plan creation circuit 14 determines whether or not the operation plan needs to be revised based on the measurement results of the power conversion devices 41a to 41c collected every 5 minutes and the SOC information of the storage batteries 40a to 40c. judge. When it is determined that the operation plan needs to be revised, the operation plan creation circuit 14 corrects the operation plan for the period until the next control command from the DSO 21 is notified.
- the transmission data generation circuit 15 stores the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control generated by the control parameter generation circuit 13 and the operation plan output from the operation plan creation circuit 14.
- the transmission data generation circuit 15 responds to the transmission command from the control circuit 16 and outputs the stored data to the communication circuit 11.
- the communication circuit 11 transmits the data output from the transmission data generation circuit 15 to the communication line 25 according to the control signal output from the control circuit 16.
- the control circuit 16 is a control circuit for managing a distributed power source connected to the distribution system 24.
- the control circuit 16 manages the operations of the communication circuit 11, the storage circuit 12, the control parameter generation circuit 13, the operation plan creation circuit 14, and the transmission data generation circuit 15.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the operation plan creating circuit 14 shown in FIG.
- the operation plan creation circuit 14 includes a storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141, a power generation power prediction circuit 142, a power consumption prediction circuit 143, a storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144, and a first management circuit 145. And a second management circuit 146.
- the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 includes information on the control command notified from the DSO 21, the prediction result of the power generation amount of the mega solar 26 predicted by the power generation power prediction circuit 142, and the consumer's prediction by the power consumption prediction circuit 143. Based on the information on the power consumption prediction result, the operation plan (power target value) of the power conversion devices 41a, 41b, 41c is created.
- the control command notified from the DSO 21 to the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 includes a planned value of the power consumed on the downstream side of the substation 20 (power supplied to the distribution system 24).
- the planned value of the power supply is composed of the planned value for every 30 minutes and 24 hours.
- the generated power prediction circuit 142 acquires weather forecast information for 24 hours from a weather forecast server (not shown) via the communication circuit 11.
- the power generation power prediction circuit 142 predicts the power generation of the mega solar 26 based on the acquired weather forecast information and the information in the database (not shown) prepared for predicting the power generation.
- the power consumption prediction circuit 143 is based on the clock information (date, day, day, time) inside the CEMS 31 and the information in the database (not shown) prepared for predicting the power consumption, and the power consumption of each consumer. Predict the total value of.
- the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 determines whether or not the operation plan needs to be revised based on the charge / discharge electric energy of the power conversion devices 41a to 41c and the power target value information via the communication circuit 11. When it is determined that the correction is necessary, the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 generates the correction value of the operation plan.
- the first management circuit 145 manages the creation of an operation plan for the distributed power source connected to the distribution system 24.
- the first management circuit 145 stores the power target values (charge power target value and discharge power target value) of each storage battery 40 generated by the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 and the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144.
- the first management circuit 145 outputs a power target value to the control parameter generation circuit 13 and the transmission data generation circuit 15 based on the control signal output from the second management circuit 146.
- the second management circuit 146 manages the operations of the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141, the generated power prediction circuit 142, the power consumption prediction circuit 143, the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144, and the first management circuit 145.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control parameter generation circuit 13 shown in FIG.
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 includes a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131, a ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132, a third management circuit 135, and a control circuit 136.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 calculates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic based on the capacity information of the static inverters (second DC / AC converter 408) of the power converters 41a to 41c.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 calculates the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic based on the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the power target value information created by the operation plan creation circuit 14 (FIG. 4).
- the third management circuit 135 manages the control parameters of the synchronous generator control.
- the third management circuit 135 stores and manages information such as the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculated by the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 and the power target value Pref in a memory (not shown).
- the control circuit 136 manages the operations of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131, the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132, and the third management circuit 135.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power conversion device 27 shown in FIG.
- the power converter 27 includes a voltmeter 201, 206, 210, an ammeter 202, 207, 211, a first DC / DC converter 203, a first control circuit 204, and a DC bus 205. It has a first DC / AC converter 208, a second control circuit 209, and a communication interface (I / F) 212.
- the voltmeter 201 measures the DC voltage output from the mega solar 26.
- the ammeter 202 measures the direct current output from the mega solar 26.
- the first DC / DC converter 203 converts the first DC voltage output from the mega solar 26 into the second DC voltage.
- the first control circuit 204 controls the first DC / DC converter 203.
- the DC bus 205 supplies a second DC voltage output from the first DC / DC converter 203 to the first DC / AC converter 208.
- the voltmeter 206 measures the voltage of the DC bus 205.
- the ammeter 207 measures the direct current output from the first DC / DC converter 203.
- the first DC / AC converter 208 converts the DC power output from the first DC / DC converter 203 into AC power.
- the second control circuit 209 controls the first DC / AC converter 208.
- the voltmeter 210 measures the AC voltage output from the first DC / AC converter 208.
- the ammeter 211 measures the alternating current output from the first DC / AC converter 208.
- the communication I / F 212 communicates between the power conversion device 27 and the CEMS 31.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the power conversion device 41 shown in FIG.
- the power converter 41 includes a voltage meter 401, 406, 410, an ammeter 402, 407, 411, a second DC / DC converter 403, a third control circuit 404, and a DC bus 405. It has a second DC / AC converter 408, a fourth control circuit 409, and a communication I / F 412.
- the voltmeter 401 measures the DC voltage output from the storage battery 40.
- the ammeter 402 measures the direct current output from the storage battery 40.
- the second DC / DC converter 403 converts the third DC voltage output from the storage battery 40 into the fourth DC voltage.
- the third control circuit 404 controls the second DC / DC converter 403.
- the DC bus 405 supplies the DC voltage output from the second DC / DC converter 403 to the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the voltmeter 406 measures the voltage of the DC bus 405.
- the ammeter 407 measures the direct current output from the second DC / DC converter 403.
- the second DC / AC converter 408 converts the DC power output from the second DC / DC converter 403 into AC power.
- the fourth control circuit 409 controls the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the voltmeter 410 measures the AC voltage output from the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the ammeter 411 measures the alternating current output from the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the communication I / F 412 communicates between the power conversion device 41 and the CEMS 31.
- a known DC / DC converter can be appropriately used for the first DC / DC converter 203 (FIG. 6) and the second DC / DC converter 403 (FIG. 7).
- Known inverters can be used for the first DC / AC converter 208 (FIG. 6) and the second DC / AC converter 408 (FIG. 7).
- Each of the first DC / AC converter 208 and the second DC / AC converter 408 corresponds to one embodiment of the "static inverter”.
- the second control circuit 209 and the fourth control circuit 409 correspond to one embodiment of the "control circuit".
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the first control circuit 204 shown in FIG.
- the first control circuit 204 includes an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control circuit 51, a voltage control circuit 52, a first switching circuit 53, and a fifth control circuit 54.
- MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking
- the MPPT control circuit 51 executes so-called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control based on the measured values of the voltmeter 201 and the ammeter 202.
- MPPT maximum power point tracking
- the MPPT control circuit 51 searches for the maximum power point of the mega solar 26 in order to take out the generated power of the mega solar 26 to the maximum.
- the MPPT control circuit 51 generates a control command value of the first DC / DC converter 203 in order to control the DC voltage measured by the voltmeter 201 to the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point. do.
- the voltage control circuit 52 is a first DC / DC converter 203 for maintaining the DC voltage (second DC voltage) of the DC bus 205 at a predetermined target voltage based on the measured value of the voltmeter 206. Generates the control command value of.
- the fifth control circuit 54 outputs the control parameters and control target values of the MPPT control circuit 51 and the voltage control circuit 52, and manages the power generation state of the mega solar 26.
- the fifth control circuit 54 further outputs the control signal of the first switching circuit 53.
- the first switching circuit 53 controls one of the outputs of the MPPT control circuit 51 and the voltage control circuit 52 by controlling the first DC / DC converter 203 according to the control signal from the fifth control circuit 54. It is selectively output as a command value.
- the first DC / DC converter 203 is controlled in the MPPT mode or the voltage control mode.
- the first switching circuit 53 outputs the control command value generated by the MPPT control circuit 51.
- the first switching circuit 53 outputs the control command value generated by the voltage control circuit 52 in the voltage control mode.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the second control circuit 209 shown in FIG.
- the second control circuit 209 includes a phase detection circuit 61, a first sine wave generation circuit 62, a current control circuit 60, and a sixth control circuit 67.
- the current control circuit 60 includes a subtractor 63, a first PI control circuit 64, a multiplier 65, a subtractor 66, a second PI control circuit 68, and a first PWM converter 69.
- the current control circuit 60 executes a control mode that outputs electric power in synchronization with the system voltage.
- This control mode is a control method for a general power converter for photovoltaic power generation installed in a home.
- the phase detection circuit 61 detects the phase of the AC voltage from the waveform of the AC voltage measured by the voltmeter 210 (FIG. 6).
- the first sine wave generation circuit 62 generates a sine wave synchronized with the waveform of the AC voltage based on the amplitude of the AC voltage measured by the voltmeter 210 and the phase information detected by the phase detection circuit 61.
- the phase detection circuit 61 detects the zero cross point of the waveform of the AC voltage and also detects the frequency of the AC voltage from the detection result of the zero cross point.
- the phase detection circuit 61 outputs the detected frequency of the AC voltage to the first sine wave generation circuit 62 together with the zero crossing point information.
- the current control circuit 60 generates a control command value for controlling the first DC / DC converter 203 based on the DC voltage of the DC bus 205 measured from the voltmeter 206 (FIG. 6).
- the subtractor 63 subtracts the DC voltage of the DC bus 205 measured by the voltmeter 206 from the target value of the DC bus voltage output from the sixth control circuit 67.
- the subtraction value by the subtractor 63 is input to the first PI control circuit 64.
- the multiplier 65 generates a current command value by multiplying the control command value output from the first PI control circuit 64 and the sine wave output from the first sine wave generation circuit 62.
- the subtractor 66 calculates the deviation between the current command value output from the multiplier 65 and the current value of the AC system measured by the ammeter 211 (FIG. 6), and the calculated deviation is used as the second PI control circuit. Output to 68.
- the second PI control circuit 68 generates a control command value so that the deviation output from the subtractor 66 becomes zero based on the control parameters (proportional gain and integration time) given by the sixth control circuit 67. do.
- the second PI control circuit 68 outputs the generated control command value to the first PWM converter 69.
- the first PWM converter 69 generates a control command value by executing PWM control with respect to the control command value input from the second PI control circuit 68, and the generated control command value is used as the first DC. / Output to AC converter 208.
- the sixth control circuit 67 includes measurement results regarding the DC bus 205 output from the voltmeter 206 and the ammeter 207, measurement results regarding the AC system output from the voltmeter 210 and the ammeter 211, and the first control circuit 204.
- the status information of the first DC / DC converter 203 output from is collected, and the collected information is notified to the CEMS 31 or the like via the communication I / F 212.
- the sixth control circuit 67 notifies the first PI control circuit 64 and the second PI control circuit 68 of the control parameters.
- the sixth control circuit 67 notifies the CEMS 31 of the information regarding the active power and the inactive power measured by the effective voltage measuring unit (not shown) of the AC system via the communication I / F212.
- the sixth control circuit 67 notifies the fifth control circuit 54 of the measured values such as the effective voltage and the active power of the AC system.
- the effective value of the fifth control circuit 54 for example, the system voltage exceeds a predetermined value, the control of the mega solar 26 is switched from the MPPT control to the voltage control to suppress the increase in the system voltage.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the third control circuit 404 shown in FIG. 7.
- the third control circuit 404 includes a charge control circuit 71, a discharge control circuit 72, a second switching circuit 73, and a seventh control circuit 74.
- the charge control circuit 71 generates a control command value of the second DC / DC converter 403 when performing charge control of the storage battery 40.
- the discharge control circuit 72 generates a control command value of the second DC / DC converter 403 when the discharge control of the storage battery 40 is performed.
- the seventh control circuit 74 outputs control parameters, control target values, and the like to the charge control circuit 71 and the discharge control circuit 72.
- the seventh control circuit 74 manages the charge power amount (SOC), charge power (charge current), discharge power (discharge current), and the like of the storage battery 40.
- the seventh control circuit 74 outputs the control signal of the second switching circuit 73.
- the second switching circuit 73 controls one of the outputs of the charge control circuit 71 and the discharge control circuit 72 by controlling the second DC / DC converter 403 according to the control signal from the seventh control circuit 74. It is selectively output as a command value. Specifically, the second switching circuit 73 outputs the control command value generated by the charge control circuit 71 when the charge of the storage battery 40 is instructed. On the other hand, the second switching circuit 73 outputs the control command value generated by the discharge control circuit 72 when the discharge of the storage battery 40 is instructed.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the fourth control circuit 409 shown in FIG. 7.
- the fourth control circuit 409 includes an AC frequency detection circuit 81, an effective power calculation circuit 82, a virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83, an inverter current control circuit 84, an inverter voltage control circuit 85, and a third control circuit. It has a switching circuit 86, an eighth control circuit 87, and a control parameter generation circuit 88.
- the AC frequency detection circuit 81 detects the phase of the AC voltage from the waveform of the AC voltage measured by the voltmeter 410 (FIG. 7).
- the zero cross point is detected from the waveform of the AC voltage
- the frequency is detected from the time interval of the detected zero cross point.
- the method for detecting the frequency of the AC voltage is not limited to the method using the detection result of the zero cross point.
- the effective power calculation circuit 82 calculates the effective power using the information of the AC voltage and the AC current measured by the voltmeter 410 and the ammeter 411 (FIG. 7).
- the effective power is calculated by integrating the power for one cycle of the AC voltage waveform based on the zero cross point detection information and the AC frequency information output from the AC frequency detection circuit 81.
- the method for calculating the effective power is not limited to the above method, and for example, when the AC system is a three-phase AC, the effective power may be calculated by using DQ conversion or the like.
- the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 is a second DC / AC converter based on the frequency information of the AC voltage output from the AC frequency detection circuit 81 and the AC effective power information output from the effective power calculation circuit 82.
- the 408 (static inverter) is provided with the inertial force, synchronization force, and braking force possessed by the synchronous generator.
- Synchronous generators typically used for thermal power generation have a function to adjust output power according to frequency (governor function), a function to maintain angular velocity (inertial force), and a function to synchronize with system voltage (synchronization force).
- It has a function to adjust the voltage of the backbone system (AVR function: Automatic Voltage Regulation function), and a function to continue operation even when the AC system voltage drops momentarily in the event of a system accident.
- the static inverter is made to simulate the function of the synchronous generator.
- the governor function, the function simulating the mass point system model (dynamic characteristics of the rotating machine) based on the sway equation, and the function simulating the AVR function are simulated.
- FIG. 54 shows a conceptual diagram for explaining the virtual synchronous generator control technique. Since the AVR function of the synchronous generator is a function controlled mainly based on the output voltage command or the ineffective power command value notified from the host system (CEMS31 in the first embodiment), the embodiment is implemented. Not implemented in 1.
- the governor function and the function simulating the mass point system model based on the sway equation will be specifically described.
- the governor in a power plant has a function of controlling the output power of a generator by controlling the output of a gas turbine or a steam turbine in thermal power generation and nuclear power generation, or the guide vane of a water turbine in hydroelectric power generation.
- the frequency of the system voltage drops.
- the governor is provided with a droop characteristic, so that the generator is controlled so as to increase the generated power when the frequency of the system voltage decreases.
- the generator is controlled so as to reduce the generated power.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram schematically showing the governor function. As shown in FIG. 54, as the angular velocity ⁇ of the synchronous generator increases, the valve that regulates the inflow of energy moves to the right, so that the energy supplied to the synchronous generator decreases. On the other hand, when the angular velocity ⁇ of the synchronous generator decreases, the valve moves to the left side, so that the energy supplied to the synchronous generator increases. As a result, the energy output from the synchronous generator can be independently controlled by the frequency of the system voltage at its own end (that is, the angular velocity ⁇ of the synchronous generator).
- the synchronous generator has a rotor having a unit inertia constant M.
- M the unit inertia constant
- the governor control cannot instantly cover the insufficient power.
- the synchronous generator converts the rotational energy stored in the rotor into electric power and outputs it to the AC system.
- the angular velocity (rotational speed) of the rotor decreases, the energy supplied by the governor control increases, thereby balancing the demand power and the supply power.
- the following equation (2) shows a sway equation that simulates a mass point system model (generator rotor).
- the sway equation is obtained by dividing the energy P by the angular velocity ⁇ and converting it into the torque T.
- Tin-Tout M ⁇ d ⁇ / dt + Dg ⁇ ⁇ ... (2)
- Dg is a braking coefficient
- M is an inertial constant.
- the inertial force, the synchronization force, and the control force of the synchronous generator are controlled by incorporating the equations (1) and (2) into the control of the static inverter (second DC / AC converter 408). A case of simulating power will be described.
- the inverter current control circuit 84 generates a control command value for current controlling the second DC / AC converter 408. Since the inverter current control circuit 84 differs from the current control circuit 60 shown in FIG. 9 only in control parameters and has the same circuit configuration and operation, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 generates a control command value for voltage control of the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the third switching circuit 86 switches between the control command value from the inverter current control circuit 84 and the control command value from the inverter voltage control circuit 85 based on the output of the eighth control circuit 87.
- the eighth control circuit 87 collects the measurement results of the DC bus 405 by the voltmeter 406 and the ammeter 407, the status information of the second DC / DC converter 403 output from the third control circuit 404, and the like. , The collected information is notified to CEMS31 or the like via the communication I / F412.
- the eighth control circuit 87 notifies each control parameter of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83, the inverter current control circuit 84, and the inverter voltage control circuit 85.
- the eighth control circuit 87 obtains information on the effective voltage of the AC system measured by the effective voltage measuring unit of the AC system (not shown) or the active power and the active power measured by the effective / reactive power measuring unit of the AC system (not shown). , Notify CEMS 31 via communication I / F 412. The eighth control circuit 87 notifies the seventh control circuit 74 of the measurement results such as the effective voltage and the active power of the AC system.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the AC frequency detection circuit 81 shown in FIG.
- the AC frequency detection circuit 81 includes a phase detection circuit 810, a frequency detection circuit 811 and a second sine wave generation circuit 812.
- the phase detection circuit 810 detects the zero cross point from the waveform of the system voltage output from the voltmeter 410.
- the phase detection method in the phase detection circuit 810 is not limited to the detection of the zero cross point.
- the detection error of the zero cross point of the voltmeter 410 mainly the offset error
- the amplitude detection error of the voltmeter 410 mainly the linearity error
- the sampling cycle when sampling the system voltage waveform.
- An error occurs due to the error of. It should be noted that an error in the sampling cycle may occur due to a variation in the time from the carrier interrupt to the actual sampling when sampling is performed using a microcomputer or the like.
- the frequency detection circuit 811 detects the system frequency from the cycle of the zero cross point output from the phase detection circuit 810.
- the method of detecting the system frequency is not limited to the method of detecting from the period of the zero cross point.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 synchronized with the system voltage based on the detection result of the zero cross point in the phase detection circuit 810, the frequency detection result in the frequency detection circuit 811 and the amplitude of the system voltage output from the CEMS 31. Generates a sine wave.
- the AC frequency detection circuit 81 outputs a zero cross point detection result (zero cross point detection time), a frequency detection result, and sine wave information.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the inverter voltage control circuit 85 shown in FIG.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 includes a third sine wave generation circuit 851, a subtractor 852, a third PI control circuit 853, a first current limiting circuit 855, and a second PWM converter. It has 854.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 is based on frequency and phase information output from the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) and system voltage amplitude information output from the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11). Then, a control command value for controlling the second DC / AC converter 408 is generated. The amplitude information of the system voltage from the eighth control circuit 87 is input to the inverter voltage control circuit 85 via the second sine wave generation circuit 812.
- the sine wave information (frequency, phase and amplitude information) from the AC frequency detection circuit 81 (FIG. 11) is input to the third sine wave generation circuit 851.
- the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 since the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 does not perform QV control, the amplitude information is not controlled.
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 generates a target value of the AC voltage output from the second DC / AC converter 408 based on the input sine wave information.
- the subtractor 852 calculates the deviation between the target value of the AC voltage from the third sine wave generation circuit 851 and the voltage measured by the voltmeter 410, and outputs the calculated deviation to the third PI control circuit 853. do.
- the third PI control circuit 853 generates a voltage command value by performing a PI (proportional integral) operation so that the input deviation becomes zero.
- the third PI control circuit 853 outputs the generated voltage command value to the first current limiting circuit 855.
- the first current limiting circuit 855 limits the voltage command value output from the third PI control circuit 853 based on the measurement result of the ammeter 411 input via the eighth control circuit 87. Add. Specifically, the first current limiting circuit 855 limits the voltage command value when a current exceeding the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 flows, thereby converting the second DC / AC. The current flowing through the device 408 is controlled to be equal to or less than a predetermined current value (for example, the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408). The output of the first current limiting circuit 855 is input to the second PWM converter 854. The control parameters (control gain and integration time) in the third PI control circuit 853 and the first current limit circuit 855 are given by the eighth control circuit 87.
- the second PWM converter 854 generates a control signal by executing PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control using the voltage command value output from the first current limiting circuit 855.
- the second PWM converter 854 outputs the generated control signal to the second DC / AC converter 408.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 shown in FIG.
- the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 includes a subtractor 832, a governor control circuit 833, an adder 835, a subtractor 836, and a mass point system arithmetic circuit 837.
- the subtractor 832 calculates the deviation between the measured frequency result and the reference frequency Ref output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the output of the subtractor 832 is input to the governor control circuit 833.
- the governor control circuit 833 generates an offset value to be added to the power target value based on the output of the subtractor 832. The detailed operation of the governor control circuit 833 will be described later.
- the adder 835 generates the control power target value of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 by adding the offset value output from the governor control circuit 833 and the power target value Pref input from the eighth control circuit 87. do.
- the subtractor 836 calculates the deviation between the effective power input from the effective power calculation circuit 82 and the control power target value input from the adder 835.
- the output of the subtractor 836 is input to the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837.
- the mass point system calculation circuit 837 calculates the frequency and phase of the system voltage output from the power conversion device 41 so that the deviation output from the subtractor 836 becomes zero.
- the control parameters (speed adjustment rate Kgd, governor time constant Tg, inertial constant M and braking coefficient Dg) of the governor control circuit 833 and the quality point system calculation circuit 837 are the control parameter generation circuits 88 to the eighth. It shall be notified via the control circuit 87 of.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the governor control circuit 833 shown in FIG.
- the governor control circuit 833 has a multiplier 91, a first-order lag model 92, and a limiter circuit 93.
- the multiplier 91 multiplies the output of the subtractor 832 with the proportional gain (-1 / Kgd) output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the output of the multiplier 91 is input to the first-order lag model 92.
- the first-order lag model 92 implements the standard model (1 / (1 + s ⁇ Tg)) of the first-order lag system presented by the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.
- the limiter circuit 93 performs limiter processing on the output of the first-order lag model 92.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 shown in FIG.
- the quality point system calculation circuit 837 includes a subtractor 101, an integrator 102, a multiplier 103, a divider 104, an adder 105, and a phase calculation circuit 106.
- the subtractor 101 calculates the deviation between the output of the subtractor 836 and the output of the multiplier 103.
- the output of the subtractor 101 is input to the integrator 102.
- the integrator 102 multiplies the output of the subtractor 101 by 1 / M and integrates the target angular velocity (2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ target frequency (for example, 60 Hz)) of the generator rotor shown in FIG. 54 and the generator. Generate a difference value ⁇ with the angular velocity of the rotor.
- the output of the integrator 102 is input to the multiplier 103.
- the multiplier 103 multiplies the output of the integrator 102 by the braking coefficient Dg input from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 controls the second DC / AC converter 408 based on the deviation between the output of the subtractor 836 and the output of the multiplier 103 so as to simulate the braking force of the synchronous generator. It is composed.
- the divider 104 converts the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 into a frequency difference value ⁇ f by dividing by 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the adder 105 converts the frequency difference information ⁇ f into the frequency (rotation frequency) of the generator rotor by adding the target frequency (60 Hz) to the frequency difference information ⁇ f.
- the output of the adder 105 is input to the phase calculation circuit 106.
- the phase calculation circuit 106 calculates the phase of the generator rotor.
- the transfer function of the sway equation of the mass system arithmetic circuit 837 will be described.
- the transfer function of the sway equation can be expressed by using the proportional gain (1 / Dg) and the time constant (M / Dg) of the first-order lag system.
- (1 / M ⁇ s) / ⁇ 1 + Dg / M ⁇ (1 / s) ⁇ (1 / Dg) ⁇ [1 / ⁇ 1 + (M / Dg) ⁇ s ⁇ ...
- the governor time constant Tg in the virtual synchronous generator control and the time constant M / Dg of the mass point system calculation unit are determined based on the response speed required for the system.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an area covered by the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the power conversion device 41.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 17 shows the response time, and the vertical axis shows the demand fluctuation range.
- the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the static inverter covers minute fluctuations and short-period fluctuations of about several tens of meters to several minutes. Fluctuations of several minutes or more can be dealt with by load frequency control (LFC) or economic load distribution control (EDC). Therefore, in the first embodiment, the response performance of the virtual synchronous generator control will be described as 1 second or less.
- LFC load frequency control
- EDC economic load distribution control
- a model composed of a storage battery 40 connected to the distribution system 24 shown in FIG. 2, a power conversion device 41, an impedance 29 of the distribution system, and a load 600 is used.
- the inverter capacity of the power conversion device 41 is set to 4 kW
- the capacity of the load 600 is set to a maximum of 4 kW.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the power conversion device 41 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of the relationship between the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the system frequency when the power consumption of the load 600 is changed without changing the power target value.
- FIG. 18 shows the system frequency at each speed adjustment rate Kgd in the steady state when the load 600 fluctuates from 2 kW to 4 kW in the state where the power target value is notified as 2 kW from CEMS 31 in FIG.
- the governor time constant Tg, the inertia constant M, and the braking coefficient Dg are fixed to constant values.
- the system frequency decreases as the value of Kgd increases until Kgd reaches 0.343.
- Kgd exceeds 0.343, it is confirmed that the system frequency converges.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the power conversion device 41 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of the relationship between the braking coefficient Dg and the system frequency when the load is suddenly changed.
- FIG. 19 shows the system frequency at each braking coefficient Dg when the power target value is notified as 2 kW from CEMS 31 in FIG. 2 and the load is changed from 2 kW to 4 kW.
- Tg the inertia constant M
- Kgd speed adjustment rate
- the limit value (upper limit value and lower limit value) of the system frequency is about ⁇ 1 to 2% of the reference frequency (hereinafter, also referred to as Ref). Therefore, when the reference frequency Fref is 60 Hz, the upper limit of the system frequency is about 61.2 to 60.6 Hz, and the lower limit of the system frequency is about 59.4 to 58.8 Hz. Therefore, it is necessary to set the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg of the governor control so that the system frequency falls within the frequency range determined by the above limit value.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 20 is the differential power ⁇ P, which is the deviation of the output power of the actual power conversion device 41 with respect to the power target value.
- the differential power ⁇ P is positive when the output power of the power conversion device 41 is larger than the power target value.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 20 is the difference frequency ⁇ F, which is the deviation of the frequency of the AC voltage output by the power conversion device 41 with respect to the reference frequency Ref (for example, 60 Hz) of the AC system.
- the difference frequency ⁇ F is positive when the frequency of the AC voltage output by the power conversion device 41 is higher than the reference frequency Fref.
- ⁇ Fmax is the maximum value of the difference frequency ⁇ F.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics shown in FIG. 20 are the capacity and speed adjustment factor Kgd of the static inverter (second DC / AC converter 408). And the braking coefficient Dg.
- the charge of the storage battery 40 is not considered, and the power target value is set to half the capacity of the static inverter (second DC / AC converter 408).
- the system frequency when the power consumption of the load 600 in FIG. 2 becomes the same as the capacity of the static inverter (second DC / AC converter 408) is set as the upper limit value (Fref + ⁇ Fmax), and the load 600 is consumed.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics when the system frequency when the power becomes zero is set to the lower limit value (Ref ⁇ Fmax) are shown.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic shown in FIG. 20 is referred to as “reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic”.
- reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in the discharge mode of the storage battery 40, half of the capacity of the static inverter is set as the power target value, and when the output of the static inverter matches the capacity, the system frequency is the upper limit value ( (Fref + ⁇ Fmax), which is the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic under the condition that the system frequency becomes the lower limit value (Ref ⁇ Fmax) when the output of the static inverter becomes zero.
- the details of the discharge mode will be described later.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a response waveform of the frequency of the AC voltage output from the static inverter when the load is suddenly changed in the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the power conversion device 41 according to the first embodiment. ..
- the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the static inverter covers minute vibrations and short-period fluctuations of about several tens of meters to several minutes. Therefore, the response performance of 1 second or less is required for the virtual synchronous generator control.
- the time constant is made small, the response performance is improved, but vibration occurs in the response waveform.
- problems such as unnecessary cross current may occur. Therefore, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, the time constants in the governor control circuit 833 (FIG. 15) and the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 (FIG. 16) are determined so that the system frequency converges in about 1 second. ..
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the response waveform of the effective value of the AC power output from each of the static inverters of the two power conversion devices 41 equipped with the conventional virtual synchronous generator control.
- the response waveform shown in FIG. 22 shows the waveform of the effective value of the AC power output from each static inverter when a self-sustaining system is configured by using two power conversion devices 41 and the load is suddenly changed. ..
- the inverter capacity of each power conversion device 41 is 4 kW, and the power consumption of the load is 3.3 kW.
- the power target value of the first storage battery (denoted as "BAT1" in the figure) corresponding to the first power conversion device 41 is set to 2.2 kW, and the second storage battery corresponding to the second power conversion device 41 (FIG.
- the power target value of (denoted as "BAT2”) is set to 1.1 kW, and the first and second power conversion devices 41 are controlled. In such a state, it is assumed that the power consumption of the load suddenly changes to about half (1.65 kW) in about 5 seconds.
- the power near the power target value (2.2 kW) is output from the first power conversion device 41, and the power target is output from the second power conversion device 41.
- Power near the value (1.1 kW) is output, and the power ratio between the two is 2: 1.
- the output power of the first power conversion device 41 is 1.35 kW
- the output power of the second power conversion device 41 is 0.3 kW
- the power ratio between the two is 9. : 2.
- the power is output from the two power conversion devices 41 at a ratio (9: 2) different from the expected power ratio (2: 1). I understand.
- FIG. 23 shows the response waveform of the frequency of the AC voltage output from each static inverter when two power conversion devices 41 equipped with the conventional virtual synchronous generator control are operated under the above conditions. As shown in FIG. 23, it can be seen that the frequency of the AC voltage converges to almost the same frequency by the virtual synchronous generator control even after the load suddenly changes.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the first power conversion device 41 that implements the conventional virtual synchronous generator control.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the second power conversion device 41 that implements the conventional virtual synchronous generator control.
- each power conversion device 41 when the load suddenly changes, the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on each power conversion device 41 operates so that the two power conversion devices 41 share the excess / deficiency power. At this time, as shown in FIG. 23, the two power conversion devices 41 are controlled so that the frequencies of the AC voltages output from the static inverters are equal to each other.
- the differential power ⁇ P between the power output from each power conversion device 41 and the power target value is determined by the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. Therefore, when the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the two power conversion devices 41 are the same, the difference frequency ⁇ F is the same, so that the difference power ⁇ P is also the same value. As a result, as shown in FIG. 22, after the sudden change in the load, the two power conversion devices 41 output power at a ratio different from the expected power ratio.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the second power conversion device 41 that implements the virtual generator control according to the first embodiment.
- the solid line in the figure shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41, and the broken line shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the first power conversion device 41 (FIG. 24).
- the power target value (1.1 kW) of the second power conversion device 41 is half of the power target value (2.2 kW) of the first power conversion device 41 (that is,).
- the power split ratio is 2: 1), and as shown in FIG. 26, the differential power ⁇ P ( ⁇ P1 in the figure) of the first power conversion device 41 and the second power conversion device 41 at the same difference frequency ⁇ F.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41 is determined so that the ratio with the differential power ⁇ P ( ⁇ P2 in the figure) becomes equal to the ratio of the power target value (2: 1).
- the ratio of the power shared by each power conversion device 41 is notified from the CEMS 31 even when the load changes. It can be seen that it is equal to the ratio of the power target value (2: 1).
- the CEMS 31 when the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of each power conversion device 41 is created, the CEMS 31 first creates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic for each power conversion device 41. In the following description, a method of creating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described only for discharging the storage battery 40.
- the operation mode of the storage battery 40 includes a discharge mode for discharging the storage battery 40, a charge mode for charging the storage battery 40, and a charge / discharge mode for charging / discharging the storage battery 40.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is set so that the differential power ⁇ P corresponding to the limit value ⁇ Fmax of the differential frequency ⁇ F is half the capacity of the static inverter. create.
- the reference ⁇ F so that the differential power ⁇ P corresponding to ⁇ Fmax becomes equal to the capacity of the static inverter. Create the / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the CEMS 31 needs to create the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the plurality of power conversion devices 41 to be managed with the same policy. Therefore, the CEMS 31 creates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in consideration of the charge / discharge mode in the first power conversion device 41, while the reference in consideration of the charge mode or the discharge mode in the second power conversion device 41. No ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics are created.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics in the power conversion device 41 that implements the virtual synchronous generator control according to the first embodiment.
- the CEMS 31 creates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic based on the information regarding the limit value (Fref ⁇ ⁇ Fmax) of the system frequency and the information regarding the capacity of the static inverter notified from the DSO21.
- the power target value Pref is set to half the capacity of the static inverter
- the system frequency is set when the power conversion device 41 outputs power equal to the capacity of the static inverter.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is created so that the lower limit value (Fref- ⁇ Fmax) is reached and the system frequency becomes the upper limit value (Fref + ⁇ Fmax) when the output of the static inverter becomes zero.
- the charging power is treated as a negative value
- the system frequency becomes the lower limit value (Fref- ⁇ Fmax) when the charging power becomes zero
- the charging power is the capacity of the static inverter.
- the same effect can be obtained by creating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics so that the system frequency becomes the upper limit value (Fref + ⁇ fmax) when they become equal.
- the power target value Pref is set to zero, and when discharging power equal to the capacity of the static inverter, the system frequency becomes the lower limit value (Ref- ⁇ Fmax), and the capacity of the static inverter.
- the same effect can be obtained by creating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic so that the system frequency becomes the upper limit value (Fref + ⁇ Fmax) when charging the electric power equal to the above.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic shown in FIG. 27 is used to create a ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the power target value is different from the power target value (half of the static inverter capacity) in the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the broken line in the figure shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (FIG. 27), and the solid line shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the power conversion device uses half (0.5 times) of the capacity of the static inverter with respect to the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (broken line in the figure).
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (solid line in the figure) is obtained by multiplying the result of division by the power target value Pref of 41.
- Pref the power target value
- the standard static inverter capacity is determined in advance. For example, when the capacities of the three static inverters are 10 kW, 8 kW, and 4 kW, 8 kW is used as a reference. Needless to say, there is basically no problem in selecting based on any capacity. Then, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the static inverter having the reference capacitance (8 kW) is created by using the creation method described in FIG. 27.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining a method of creating a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of a static inverter having a capacity of 4 kW.
- the broken line in the figure shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the static inverter having a reference capacitance (FIG. 27), and the solid line shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the static inverter having a capacitance of 4 kW.
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic with respect to the reference capacitance (8 kW) is multiplied by the value obtained by dividing the reference capacitance (8 kW this time) by the capacity of the own static inverter (4 kW this time).
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is obtained.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of two power conversion devices 41 having different capacities of a static inverter.
- the broken line L1 shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the first power conversion device 41
- the solid line L2 shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the first power conversion device 41.
- the broken line L3 shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41
- the solid line L4 shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41.
- the capacity of the static inverter is 8 kW, and the power target value is 6 kW.
- the capacity of the static inverter is 4 kW, and the power target value is 1 kW.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing waveforms of effective values of AC power output from the two power conversion devices 41 shown in FIG. 30.
- the waveform of FIG. 31 is a control parameter (Tg,) generated by the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 based on the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics (solid lines L2 and L4 in the figure) of the two power conversion devices 41 shown in FIG. Kgd, M and Dg) are used to operate the first and second power conversion devices 41.
- FIG. 31 shows the waveform of the effective value of the AC power output from each power conversion device 41 when the load suddenly changes from 3 kW to 5.25 kW.
- the power split ratio of the first and second power conversion devices 41 is 2: 1 both before the load suddenly changes and after the load suddenly changes, which is as expected. You can see that it is working.
- the ratio of the power output from each power conversion device 41 is the power target value notified from the CEMS 31.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of each power conversion device 41 is created, and the created reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is used according to the power target value.
- the method of creating the / ⁇ P characteristic has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the control parameters (Tg, Kgd, M, Dg) of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 may be directly generated based on the capacity of the static inverter, the power target value, and the SOC information of the storage battery 40. good.
- the distribution system 24 has the substation 20 and the power conversion device 27 (or the power conversion device 41a or the town 100a) in order to control the system voltage supplied from the substation 20 within a predetermined voltage range. ), And a plurality of SVRs 23 are connected in series.
- the power conversion device 27 operates as a current source.
- a power conversion device 41a is installed near the power conversion device 27. In the first embodiment, the power conversion device 41a operates as a voltage source.
- the power conversion device 41a can also smooth the generated power of the mega solar 26 by executing the virtual synchronous generator control.
- the load includes towns 100a to 100d, factories 110, buildings 112, and condominiums 113.
- the power supplied from the substation 20, the generated power of the mega solar 26, and the discharge power of the storage battery 40 are supplied to the load.
- An emergency synchronous generator is installed in the factory, and an emergency synchronous generator is installed in the building.
- FIG. 32 is a sequence diagram for explaining the normal operation of the distributed power supply system centered on the CEMS 31 shown in FIG. 1.
- the steady-state processing includes a processing performed in a 30-minute cycle (hereinafter, also referred to as “first processing”) and a processing performed in a 5-minute cycle (hereinafter, “second processing”). It is also called “processing”).
- the DSO 21 requests the CEMS 31 to output the collected measurement data via the communication line 25.
- the CEMS 31 collects measurement data including the power consumption of each consumer, the power generation amount of the mega solar 26, the charge / discharge power amount of the storage battery 40, and the SOC collected in the last 30 minutes. Send to.
- the DSO 21 Upon receiving the measurement data, the DSO 21 creates an operation plan for the distribution system 24 based on the measurement data, and notifies the CEMS 31 of the created operation plan.
- the operation plan of the distribution system 24 includes the power supply plan from the substation 20 to the distribution system 24, and is necessary for creating the operation plan (charge / discharge plan) of the storage battery 40.
- DSO21 creates a power supply plan with a 30-minute cycle for 24 hours.
- the 30-minute cycle power supply plan shows the total amount of power supplied from the substation 20 to the distribution system 24 in 30 minutes.
- the CEMS 31 When the CEMS 31 receives the operation plan (power supply plan) from the DSO21, it requests the power conversion device 41 to transmit the measurement data.
- the measurement data includes the charge / discharge power amount and SOC information of the storage battery 40 for the last 5 minutes.
- the power conversion device 41 Upon receiving the request from the CEMS 31, the power conversion device 41 notifies the CEMS 31 of the measurement data.
- the CEMS 31 receives measurement data from all the power conversion devices 41a to 41c connected to the distribution system 24. At this time, the CEMS 31 also collects measurement data such as the power consumption of each consumer for 30 minutes and the power generation amount of the mega solar 26.
- the operation plan of the storage battery 40 is a charge / discharge plan of the storage battery 40, and includes a target value (power target value) of the charge / discharge power of the storage battery 40.
- the operation plan of the storage battery 40 and the method of creating control parameters will be described later.
- the CEMS 31 When the creation of the operation plan and control parameters of the storage battery 40 is completed, the CEMS 31 notifies each power conversion device 41 of the operation plan and control parameters of the corresponding storage battery 40, and ends the first process.
- CEMS 31 carries out a second process (5-minute cycle process).
- the CEMS 31 collects measurement data from each power conversion device 41 in a 5-minute cycle.
- the CEMS 31 detects the deviation between the power target value and the actual charge / discharge power based on the collected measurement data.
- the CEMS 31 recalculates the operation plan (power target value) of the storage battery 40 and notifies each power conversion device 41 of the recalculation result.
- the specific recalculation method will be described later.
- FIG. 33 is a flowchart showing the control process of CEMS 31 shown in FIG.
- the CEMS 31 confirms in step (hereinafter, abbreviated as S) 01 whether or not the output request of the measurement data from the DSO 21 has been received.
- S step
- the CEMS 31 collects measurement data from a plurality of power conversion devices 41 by S02.
- the CEMS 31 notifies the DSO 21 of the measurement data stored in the storage circuit 12 by the S03 via the communication circuit 11.
- the CEMS 31 proceeds to S04 and the operation plan (power supply plan) is performed from the DSO21. Check if you have received.
- the operation plan is received (YES in S04)
- the CEMS 31 proceeds to S05 and creates an operation plan (charge / discharge plan) for the storage battery 40.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing a process of creating an operation plan for the storage battery 40 (S05 in FIG. 33).
- the CEMS 31 predicts the power generation amount of the mega solar 26 by S051.
- the control circuit 16 (FIG. 3) with respect to the second management circuit 146 (FIG. 4) in the operation plan creation circuit 14. , Instruct to make an operation plan.
- the second management circuit 146 instructs the power generation power generation prediction circuit 142 to predict the power generation power of the mega solar 26 via the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141.
- the generated power prediction circuit 142 Upon receiving an instruction from the second management circuit 146, the generated power prediction circuit 142 accesses a weather forecast server located on the Internet (not shown) to forecast the weather for 24 hours from the present to 24 hours later. To get.
- the power generation power prediction circuit 142 uses the acquired weather forecast for 24 hours and the data stored in the database for power generation amount prediction (not shown) managed by the power generation power prediction circuit 142, and is 24 from the present. Predict the amount of power generated for 24 hours until after hours.
- the database for predicting the amount of power generation is constructed based on the actual amount of power generated by the mega solar 26 and the weather actual information collected every 30 minutes. The description of how to build the database is omitted.
- CEMS31 predicts the power consumption of the consumer by S052. Specifically, returning to FIG. 4, when the second management circuit 146 receives the prediction result of the power generation amount of the mega solar 26 from the power generation power prediction circuit 142, the second management circuit 146 goes through the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141. The power consumption prediction circuit 143 is instructed to predict the power consumption of the consumer.
- the power consumption prediction circuit 143 Upon receiving an instruction from the second management circuit 146, the power consumption prediction circuit 143 currently uses the data stored in the power consumption prediction database (not shown) managed by the power consumption prediction circuit 143. Predict the power consumption of consumers for 24 hours from to 24 hours later.
- the database for power consumption forecast is constructed by processing the power consumption of the consumer collected in a 30-minute cycle based on the date, time information, and weather information. The description of how to build the database is omitted.
- CEMS31 Predicting the power consumption of the consumer in S052, CEMS31 creates a demand plan in S053. Specifically, returning to FIG. 4, when the prediction result of the power consumption of the consumer is received from the power consumption prediction circuit 143, the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 is the power generation power of the mega solar 26 by the power generation power prediction circuit 142. Based on the quantity prediction result, the consumer power consumption prediction result by the power consumption prediction circuit 143, and the operation plan (power supply plan every 30 minutes) notified from DSO21, every 30 minutes of the storage batteries 40a to 40c. Calculate the total value of charge / discharge power.
- CEMS31 formulates the charge / discharge power (power target value) of the storage batteries 40a to 40c by S054.
- each storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 is based on the SOC information and the storage battery capacity of the storage batteries 40a to 40c collected in the storage circuit 12 via the communication circuit 11.
- the charge / discharge power of the storage battery 40 every 30 minutes is divided into proportions.
- the CEMS 31 when the operation plan of the storage battery 40 for 24 hours is created, the CEMS 31 is almost the same when the SOCs of the storage batteries 40a to 40c become zero at the same time or when the storage batteries 40a to 40c are in the charging mode.
- the charge / discharge power of each storage battery 40 is determined so that the battery is fully charged at the same time.
- the generated power of the mega solar 26 drops from 10 MW to 4 MW for about 5 minutes due to a cloud crossing above the mega solar 26.
- the capacities of the static inverters of the power converters 41a to 41c are 8 MW, 4 MW, and 2 MW, respectively.
- the SOC of the storage battery 40a first becomes zero and the discharge is stopped, so that 1 MW and 0.5 MW are discharged from the remaining storage batteries 40b and 40c, respectively, so that the storage battery is operated with respect to the power conversion devices 41b and 41c.
- the plan has been notified.
- the generated power of the mega solar 26 decreases by 6 MW due to a sudden change in the amount of solar radiation
- the discharge power of the storage batteries 40b and 40c is insufficient because only 3 MW and 1.5 MW can be additionally output by the virtual synchronous generator control, respectively. It is not possible to compensate for 6 MW.
- the CEMS 31 When the charge / discharge power (power target value) of the storage batteries 40a to 40c was determined in S054, the CEMS 31 generated the information necessary for generating the control parameters for the virtual generator control for all the storage batteries 40a to 40c by S055. Check if. When the generation of information for all the storage batteries 40a to 40c has not been completed (NO in S055), the CEMS 31 proceeds to S056 and generates the information necessary for generating the control parameters for the virtual generator control.
- FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing a process (S056 in FIG. 34) for generating information necessary for generating control parameters for virtual synchronous generator control.
- the process shown in FIG. 35 is executed by the control parameter generation circuit 13 (FIG. 5) in the CEMS 31.
- the control circuit 136 (FIG. 5) is generated by the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 in S054 of FIG. 34 by S0561, and the storage battery 40 for the next 30 minutes.
- Information about the power target value of the power conversion device 41, the capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 (static inverter) in the power conversion device 41, and the distribution system 24 is collected.
- the information regarding the distribution system 24 includes the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the system frequency, the response performance of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11), and the like.
- the upper limit of the system frequency is the reference frequency Ref (for example, 60 Hz) + ⁇ Fmax, and the lower limit of the system frequency is Ref ⁇ Fmax.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 calculates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic for each power conversion device 41 according to S0562.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics will be described.
- the control parameters of the power converter 41 equipped with the virtual synchronous generator control first, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the static inverter are calculated.
- the configuration for generating the control parameter for the power conversion device 41 will be described, but the configuration in which the virtual synchronous generator control is implemented in the power conversion device whose output can be adjusted, such as the wind power generation device, is also described.
- the control parameters can be generated using the same method.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 sets half of the capacity of the static inverter as the power target value in the discharge mode of the storage battery 40, and the static inverter has a power target value.
- FIG. 36 is a flowchart showing a process (S0562 in FIG. 35) for generating a reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 collects the capacitance information (Cinv) of the target static inverter from the control circuit 136 according to S05621.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 collects the system information ( ⁇ Fmax) according to S05622. Next, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 obtains the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic by using the inverter capacitance Cinv and ⁇ Fmax according to S05623.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 sets the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic to ⁇ Fmax / (Cinv ⁇ 0.5).
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is set to ⁇ Fmax / Cinv.
- the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 determines. Specifically, when the determined absolute value of the charge / discharge power is less than a predetermined value, the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 adopts the charge / discharge mode. The adopted mode is applied to all the power conversion devices 41 connected to the distribution system 24.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 (FIG. 5) generates the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic according to S0563. Specifically, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 outputs the slope of the generated reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic to the control circuit 136 and the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 calculates the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic based on the power target value given by the control circuit 136.
- FIG. 37 is a flowchart showing a process for generating ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics (S0563 in FIG. 35). As shown in FIG. 37, when the process is started, the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 collects the power target value Pref from the control circuit 136 by S05631. The ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 determines, according to S05632, whether or not the magnitude of the collected power target value Pref exceeds the static inverter capacity Cinv.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 sets the power target value Pref by the limiter in S05633 in the static inverter capacity Cinv. Limit to.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 obtains the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic by using the power target value Pref according to S05634. Specifically, when the storage battery 40 is in the discharge mode or the charge mode, the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is set to the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic ⁇ (Cinv ⁇ 0.5) / Ref. On the other hand, when the storage battery 40 is in the charge / discharge mode, it is assumed that it absorbs fluctuations in the generated power of renewable energy such as mega solar 26 or wind power generation (power target value is zero), and only the static inverter capacity is used.
- renewable energy such as mega solar 26 or wind power generation
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic depending on the above, that is, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic obtained in S0562 of FIG. 35 is used as it is.
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, the system information ( ⁇ ⁇ Fmax, etc.), and the power target value Pref are used as the information necessary for generating the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control will be described.
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 is necessary for generating control parameters for all the power conversion devices 41 connected to the distribution system 24. Check if the calculation of information is completed. When the calculation of the information for all the power conversion devices 41 is not completed (NO in S055), the information necessary for generating the control parameter of the next power conversion device 41 is calculated. When the calculation of the information is completed for all the power conversion devices 41 (YES in S055), the control parameter generation circuit 13 ends the process of creating the operation plan of the storage battery 40 (S05 in FIG. 33).
- the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 (FIG. 4) transmits the created operation plan (power target value) via the second management circuit 146. Notify the first management circuit 145 (FIG. 4).
- the first management circuit 145 receives the operation plan, the first management circuit 145 stores the received operation plan in the memory and notifies the transmission data generation circuit 15 (FIG. 3).
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 notifies the transmission data generation circuit 15 of the generated information.
- the transmission data generation circuit 15 acquires the operation plan (power target value) of the storage battery 40 and the information necessary for generating the control parameters, it processes these into a transmission format and outputs them to the communication circuit 11 (FIG. 3). ..
- the communication circuit 11 receives the transmission data from the transmission data generation circuit 15, the communication circuit 11 transmits the transmission data to the corresponding power conversion device 41 via the communication line 25.
- CEMS31 proceeds to S06 and has the collection time of various measurement data arrived? To confirm.
- the CEMS 31 collects measurement data at 5-minute intervals. If the collection time of the measurement data has not arrived (NO in S06), the process returns to S01.
- the CEMS 31 collects the measurement data in S07. In the first embodiment, the CEMS 31 collects the charge / discharge power amount, the current charge / discharge power, and the SOC information of the storage battery 40 for 5 minutes from each of the power conversion devices 41a to 41c as measurement data.
- the CEMS 31 confirms whether or not the operation plan of the storage battery 40 needs to be revised by S08.
- the CEMS 31 compares the current charge / discharge power with the operation plan (power target value) for each of the plurality of storage batteries 40. Specifically, the CEMS 31 confirms whether the power difference between the current charge / discharge power and the power target value exceeds a predetermined range, and whether the SOC of the storage battery 40 exceeds a predetermined allowable range. .. If the power difference in any one of the plurality of storage batteries 40 exceeds a predetermined range and / or the SOC exceeds an allowable range, the CEMS 31 determines the operation plan of all the storage batteries 40. Review. The operation plan of the storage battery 40 in which the power difference exceeds a predetermined range and / or the SOC exceeds an allowable range may be reviewed.
- the CEMS 31 confirms whether the operation plan of the storage battery 40 needs to be revised in the above manner, and if it is determined that the operation plan of the storage battery 40 does not need to be revised (NO in S08), the CEMS 31 returns to S01 and continues the process. On the other hand, when it is determined that the operation plan of the storage battery 40 needs to be revised (YES in S08), the CEMS 31 proceeds to S09 and corrects the operation plans of all the storage batteries 40.
- FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing a process (S09 in FIG. 33) for modifying the operation plan of the storage battery 40.
- the process shown in FIG. 38 is executed by the operation plan creation circuit 14 (FIG. 3) in the CEMS 31.
- the second management circuit 146 instructs the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 (FIG. 4) to revise the operation plan by S091. ,
- the charge / discharge power and SOC information collected from each power conversion device 41 are transferred.
- the second management circuit 146 has the operation plan (power target value) of the storage battery 40 stored in the first management circuit 145 (FIG. 4) and the storage circuit 12 with respect to the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144.
- the capacity of the static inverter of the power conversion device 41 stored in is also output.
- the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 reviews the operation plan of the storage battery 40 based on the information given from the second management circuit 146.
- the output power of the power conversion device 41 is twice the power target value because either the predicted value of the power generation amount of the mega solar 26 or the predicted value of the power consumption of each consumer deviates from the actual value. Imagine that it is.
- the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 of the storage battery 40 is based on the measurement data collected in a 5-minute cycle. Revise the operation plan (power target value). Specifically, the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 corrects the operation plan of the storage battery 40 based on the current charge / discharge power and SOC information.
- the reason why SOC is used for modifying the operation plan of the storage battery 40 is that when a lithium ion battery is used as the storage battery 40, the storage battery 40 may fail or deteriorate rapidly due to overcharging or overdischarging. Therefore, in the control of a normal storage battery, when the SOC exceeds, for example, 90%, the charging mode of the storage battery is switched from the constant current charging mode to the constant voltage charging mode. In the constant voltage charging mode, the charging power cannot be increased, so that it is necessary to reduce the power target value in the virtual synchronous generator control. Similarly, even in the case of over-discharging, the storage battery 40 deteriorates, so it is necessary to reduce the discharge power when the SOC falls below, for example, 5%. Therefore, the SOC is used to create and modify the operation plan of the storage battery 40.
- the storage battery 40 When a lead-acid battery is used as the storage battery 40, it is resistant to overcharging, but tends to deteriorate due to overdischarging. Therefore, in the case of a lead-acid battery, for example, it is necessary to reduce the discharge power when the SOC falls below 20%. As described above, in order to suppress the progress of deterioration of the storage battery used, the SOC is used to correct the power target value.
- the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 creates an operation plan for the storage battery 40 based on the current charge / discharge power, but charging when the SOC is near the upper limit value and the SOC is near the lower limit value. In discharging, an operation plan of the storage battery 40 is created based on the current charge / discharge power and SOC. Specifically, when the SOC is close to the upper limit value, the charge power target value is narrowed down, and when the SOC is close to the lower limit value, the discharge power target value is narrowed down.
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 When the operation plan (power target value) of the storage battery 40 is modified in S093, has the control parameter generation circuit 13 (FIG. 3) completed the calculation of the information necessary for generating the control parameters for all the storage batteries 40 by S094? To confirm. If the calculation of the information necessary for generating the control parameters for all the storage batteries 40 is completed (YES in S094), the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 ends the correction process of the operation plan of the storage battery 40. On the other hand, if the modification of the operation plans of all the storage batteries 40 is not completed (NO in S094), the control parameter generation circuit 13 generates the information necessary for generating the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control by S095. do. The method of generating the information required for the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control is the same as the method of generating the operation plan of the storage battery 40 described above (S056 and FIG. 35 in FIG. 34). Omit.
- the process returns to S094, and the control parameter generation circuit 13 confirms whether or not the calculation of the information necessary for generating the control parameters of all the power conversion devices 41 is completed. do.
- the control parameter generation circuit 13 is set to the control parameter of the next power conversion device 41. Generate the information required for generation.
- the storage battery operation plan correction circuit 144 corrects the operation plan of the storage battery 40 in S096. finish.
- the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141 uses the modified operation plan (power target value) as the second management circuit, as in the case of creating the operation plan. Notify the first management circuit 145 via 146.
- the first management circuit 145 When the first management circuit 145 acquires the operation plan of the storage battery 40 from the storage battery operation plan creation circuit 141, the first management circuit 145 stores the acquired operation plan in a memory (not shown) and notifies the transmission data generation circuit 15. Similarly, the control parameter generation circuit 13 notifies the transmission data generation circuit 15 of the information necessary for the operation plan of the storage battery 40 and the generation of the control parameters.
- the transmission data generation circuit 15 When the transmission data generation circuit 15 receives information necessary for generating the operation plan and control parameters of the storage battery 40, it processes these into a transmission format and outputs them to the communication circuit 11.
- the communication circuit 11 When the communication circuit 11 receives the transmission data from the transmission data generation circuit 15, the communication circuit 11 transmits the transmission data to the corresponding power conversion device 41 via the communication line 25 (S10 in FIG. 33).
- the capacity and the power target value of the static inverter of each power conversion device 41 are set. Based on this, the information required for the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control mounted on the stationary inverter is generated. According to this, even if the power consumption of the load 600 or the generated power of the energy-creating device such as the mega solar 26 fluctuates during the period until the next operation plan is notified from CEMS 31, the operation plan of the storage battery 40 (electric power). The excess and deficiency power can be shared by the same ratio as the target value).
- the generated power of the mega solar 26 is reduced by 50% due to a change in the amount of solar radiation immediately after notifying all the power conversion devices 41 of the operation plan, the insufficient 50% of the power is created in the operation plan. It is prorated based on the ratio of the power target value calculated at times. For example, when the charge / discharge power of each storage battery 40 is set so that the SOC of all the storage batteries 40 becomes zero at almost the same time when the power target value is controlled according to the ratio at the time of creating the operation plan. Even if the generated power of the mega solar 26 is reduced by 50%, the excess and deficiency power is divided based on the ratio of the power target values, so the SOC of all the storage batteries 40 should be controlled to be zero at almost the same time. Can be done.
- the inverter capacity and the power target value are used for calculation.
- the configuration has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the capacity of the storage battery 40a is doubled with respect to the inverter capacity of the power conversion device 41a, and the capacity of the storage battery 40b is tripled with respect to the inverter capacity of the power conversion device 41b.
- an operation plan (power target value) of each storage battery 40 is generated in consideration of the capacity ratio.
- the same effect can be obtained by considering the capacity ratio when generating the control parameter.
- the first control circuit 204 monitors the DC voltage measured by the voltmeter 201.
- the first control circuit 204 shifts the power conversion device 27 from the standby state to the normal operation when the DC voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage value.
- the second control circuit 209 in the power converter 27 controls the first DC / AC converter 208.
- the control of the power conversion device 27 during normal operation will be described.
- the first control circuit 204 confirms whether the mega solar 26 is generating power. Specifically, the first control circuit 204 confirms whether the output voltage of the mega solar 26 measured by the voltmeter 201 exceeds a predetermined voltage. When the output voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage, the first control circuit 204 notifies the second control circuit 209 that the mega solar 26 can generate electricity.
- the second control circuit 209 When the second control circuit 209 receives the notification from the first control circuit 204, power is supplied from the substation 20 to the distribution system 24 based on the AC voltage of the distribution system 24 measured by the voltmeter 10. Check if it is (whether the distribution system 24 is out of power).
- the second control circuit 209 starts the DC / AC converter 208 and also activates the DC / AC converter 208. , Instruct the first control circuit 204 to start the power generation of the mega solar 26.
- the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 205 is managed by the first DC / AC converter 208 during normal operation will be described. Further, in the first embodiment, the power regenerated from the power conversion device 27 to the distribution system 24 is managed by the current control by the first DC / AC converter 208 to operate the entire distributed power supply management device. And.
- the fifth control circuit 54 (FIG. 8) of the first control circuit 204 is a mega with respect to the MPPT control circuit 51 (FIG. 8). Instruct to start the maximum power point tracking control of the solar 26.
- maximum power point tracking control it is managed whether the previous command value is larger or smaller than the previous command value. Then, the generated power of the mega solar 26 measured this time is compared with the generated power of the mega solar 26 measured last time, and if the generated power is increasing, it is in the same direction as the previous time (increase direction or decrease direction). Change the command value.
- the current command value is increased.
- the previous command value is smaller than the previous command value
- the current command value is reduced.
- the current command value is increased.
- the first DC / DC converter 203 operates the built-in booster circuit according to the command value output from the first control circuit 204 to generate the first DC voltage output from the mega solar 26. , Converted to a second DC voltage (DC bus voltage of DC bus 205) and output.
- the second control circuit 209 controls the first DC / AC converter 208 to control the distribution system 24. Outputs (regenerates) the generated power of the mega solar 26. Specifically, the DC bus voltage of the DC bus 205 is monitored, and when the DC bus voltage exceeds the control target value, the generated power is output in synchronization with the AC voltage supplied from the distribution system 24. ..
- the phase detection circuit 61 detects the zero crossing point of the waveform of the AC voltage of the distribution system 24 measured by the voltmeter 210 (FIG. 1).
- the first sine wave generation circuit 62 synchronizes with the AC voltage waveform of the distribution system 24 based on the information indicating the zero cross point detected by the phase detection circuit 61 and the AC voltage waveform measured by the voltmeter 210. Generates a reference sine wave. The first sine wave generation circuit 62 outputs the generated reference sine wave to the multiplier 65.
- the voltmeter 206 measures the voltage of the DC bus 205 and outputs the measured value to the subtractor 63 in the current control circuit 60 and the sixth control circuit 67.
- the current control circuit 60 uses a control method (current control) that outputs electric power in synchronization with the AC system voltage.
- This control method is a control method for a general power conversion device for photovoltaic power generation installed in a home.
- the sixth control circuit 67 stores the target voltage of the DC bus 205, and outputs the target voltage to the subtractor 63.
- the current control circuit 60 controls the current output by the first DC / AC converter 208 so that the DC bus voltage measured by the voltmeter 206 becomes the target voltage.
- the output of the subtractor 63 is input to the first PI control circuit 64.
- the first PI control circuit 64 performs PI control so that the output of the subtractor 63 becomes zero.
- the output of the first PI control circuit 64 is input to the multiplier 65 and converted into a current command value by being multiplied by the reference sine wave from the first sine wave generation circuit 62.
- the current command value output from the multiplier 65 is input to the subtractor 66.
- the subtractor 66 calculates the deviation between the current command value and the AC current value of the distribution system 24 measured by the ammeter 211, and inputs the calculated deviation to the second PI control circuit 68.
- the second PI control circuit 68 performs PI control so that the deviation output from the subtractor 66 becomes zero.
- the first PWM converter 69 generates a command value of the first DC / AC converter 208 by executing PWM control with respect to the output of the second PI control circuit 68.
- the first DC / AC converter 208 outputs an alternating current according to a command value given by the first PWM converter 69.
- the first The fifth control circuit 54 in the control circuit 204 of the above switches the control of the mega solar 26 from the MPPT control to the voltage control. Specifically, the fifth control circuit 54 controls the DC voltage output from the mega solar 26 so that the AC voltage (AC effective voltage) measured by the voltmeter 210 falls within a predetermined voltage range. Alternatively, the fifth control circuit 54 controls the output voltage of the mega solar 26 so that the generated power of the mega solar 26 falls within the power range notified from the CEMS 31.
- the first switching circuit 53 (FIG. 8) switches between the output of the MPPT control circuit 51 and the output of the voltage control circuit 52 according to the switching control signal given from the fifth control circuit 54.
- the sixth control circuit 67 includes a measurement result regarding the DC bus 205 measured by the voltmeter 206 and the ammeter 207, a measurement result regarding the distribution system 24 measured by the voltmeter 210 and the ammeter 211, and a first control circuit 204.
- the status information of the first DC / DC converter 203 output from is collected, and the collected information is notified to the CEMS 31 or the like via the communication I / F 212.
- the sixth control circuit 67 also provides information on the effective voltage of the distribution system 24 measured by the effective voltage measuring unit (not shown) or the active power and the active power of the AC system measured by the effective / reactive power measuring unit (not shown).
- the CEMS 31 is notified via the communication I / F 212, and the measurement results of the effective voltage, active power, etc. of the AC system are also notified to the fifth control circuit 54.
- the fifth control circuit 54 suppresses an increase in the AC system voltage by switching the control of the mega solar 26 from MPPT control to voltage control when the effective value of the AC system voltage exceeds a predetermined value. do.
- the second DC / AC converter 408 since the virtual synchronous generator control is implemented in the power converter 41, the second DC / AC converter 408 operates as a voltage source by executing the voltage control. That is, the third control circuit 404 (FIG. 7) controls so that the voltage of the DC bus 405 becomes a constant value.
- the operation of the third control circuit 404 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the voltage of the DC bus 405 is measured by a voltmeter 406.
- the measured value of the voltmeter 406 is input to the charge control circuit 71, the discharge control circuit 72, and the seventh control circuit 74.
- the charge control circuit 71 controls the charging power of the storage battery 40 so that the voltage of the DC bus 405 becomes the target voltage when the voltage of the DC bus 405 is larger than the target voltage output from the seventh control circuit 74. ..
- the discharge control circuit 72 increases the discharge power of the storage battery 40.
- the output of the charge control circuit 71 and the output of the discharge control circuit 72 are switched by the second switching circuit 73.
- the seventh control circuit 74 outputs a switching control signal to the second switching circuit 73 based on the voltage value of the DC bus 405 measured by the voltmeter 406.
- FIG. 39 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the power conversion device 41.
- the fourth control circuit 409 initializes various control parameters by S200. Subsequently, according to S201, the fourth control circuit 409 collects the voltage value measured by the voltmeters 401, 406, 410, the current value measured by the ammeter 402, 407, 411, and the status information of the storage battery 40. Since the measured value of the voltmeter 410 is an AC voltage, the effective value of the AC voltage is calculated in the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11), and the effective value is used as the voltage value. Since the measured value of the ammeter 411 is an alternating current, the effective value of the alternating current is calculated in the eighth control circuit 87, and the effective value is used as the current value.
- the charge / discharge power calculation circuit (not shown) in the seventh control circuit 74 calculates the charge / discharge power and the charge / discharge power amount of the storage battery based on the collected data.
- the AC voltage of the distribution system 24 measured by the voltmeter 410 is input to the AC frequency detection circuit 81 (FIG. 11).
- the AC frequency detection circuit 81 detects the zero crossing point of the waveform of the AC voltage by S202.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the AC frequency detection circuit 81 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the measured value of the voltmeter 410 is input to the phase detection circuit 810. According to S202 of FIG. 39, the phase detection circuit 810 detects the zero crossing point of the AC voltage. In the first embodiment, the zero cross point indicates the point and time at which the waveform of the AC voltage measured by the voltmeter 410 switches from negative to positive. The phase detection circuit 810 outputs information indicating the detected zero cross point to the frequency detection circuit 811.
- the frequency detection circuit 811 calculates the AC voltage cycle based on the time of the zero cross point previously detected by the phase detection circuit 810 and the time of the zero cross point detected this time.
- the frequency detection circuit 811 calculates the frequency of the AC voltage based on the calculated period.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 outputs the zero cross point information detected by the phase detection circuit 810 and the frequency information of the AC voltage detected by the frequency detection circuit 811 as sine wave information.
- the zero crossing point information and the frequency information are output to the inverter current control circuit 84, the inverter voltage control circuit 85, the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83, and the eighth control circuit 87.
- the phase detection circuit 810 sets the zero cross point detection flag by S203.
- the fourth control circuit 409 controls the second DC / AC converter 408 by S204.
- the second DC / AC converter 408 is controlled as a voltage source. That is, the second DC / AC converter 408 is voltage controlled. Therefore, when the power supplied to the distribution system 24 is insufficient, the second DC / AC converter 408 is controlled to increase the output power. On the other hand, when the power supplied to the distribution system 24 becomes excessive, the second DC / AC converter 408 is controlled so as to reduce the output power.
- FIG. 40 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the control process of the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the effective power calculation circuit 82 calculates the power value based on the measured values of the voltmeter 410 and the ammeter 411 by S2041, the calculated power value is integrated by S2042. ..
- the effective power calculation circuit 82 proceeds to S2044 and stores the integrated value of the effective power value for one cycle of the AC voltage in the eighth control circuit 87. It is stored in a circuit (not shown), and the integrated value is initialized to zero by S2045.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 sets the command value of the second DC / AC converter 408 by S2046. Generate.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 has frequency and phase information (input via the second sine wave generation circuit 812) output from the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11), and the first Based on the amplitude information of the AC system voltage input from the control circuit 87 of 8 via the second sine wave generation circuit 812, a control command value for controlling the second DC / AC converter 408 is generated. do.
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 has sine wave information (frequency, phase and amplitude information from the AC frequency detection circuit 81, and frequency and phase information calculated by the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83). ) Is entered.
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 generates a target value of the AC system voltage output from the second DC / AC converter 408 based on the input information.
- the subtractor 852 subtracts the voltage measured by the voltmeter 410 from the output of the third sine wave generation circuit 851, and outputs the subtraction result to the third PI control circuit 853.
- the third PI control circuit 853 generates a voltage command value by executing PI control for making the input subtraction result zero, and outputs the generated voltage command value to the first current limit circuit 855. ..
- the first current limiting circuit 855 limits the voltage command value given by the third PI control circuit 853 based on the measurement result of the ammeter 411 input via the eighth control circuit 87. .. For example, consider a case where the power target value notified from the CEMS 31 is 90% of the inverter capacity and the load power consumption increases. In this case, in the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic described in the first embodiment, before the frequency deviation (difference frequency ⁇ F) of the AC system voltage reaches ⁇ Fmax, the output of the power exceeding the inverter capacity in the power conversion device 41 is output. Desired. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the output power (output current) of the power conversion device 41 so as not to exceed the inverter capacity.
- the current when a current exceeding the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 flows, the current is limited and the current flowing through the second DC / AC converter 408 is a predetermined current. It is controlled to be a value (for example, the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408).
- the first current limiting circuit 855 monitors the current flowing through the second DC / AC converter 408 so that the current does not exceed the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408. Control (limit) the value.
- the output of the first current limiting circuit 855 is input to the second PWM converter 854. It is assumed that the control parameters (control gain and integration time) of the third PI control circuit 853 and the first current limit circuit 855 are output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the second PWM converter 854 generates a control command value by executing PWM control using the voltage command value output from the first current limiting circuit 855.
- the second PWM converter 854 outputs the generated control command value to the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 executes the virtual synchronous generator control by S205. ..
- one cycle of the AC voltage is used as the control cycle.
- the control cycle may be an integral multiple of one cycle of the AC voltage or a predetermined cycle such as a one-second cycle.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83.
- the eighth control circuit 87 determines that the control timing has been reached
- the eighth control circuit 87 instructs the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 to generate information regarding the frequency and phase used for voltage control.
- the frequency and phase of the sine wave generated by the third sine wave generation circuit 851 (FIG. 13) in the inverter voltage control circuit 85 are updated at the zero cross point. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the control cycle is the cycle of the zero cross point detected by the AC frequency detection circuit 81.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the governor control circuit 833 shown in FIG.
- the multiplier 91 multiplies the output of the subtractor 832 (FIG. 14) by the control parameter (-1 / Kgd) notified from the eighth control circuit 87. do.
- the multiplier 91 inputs the multiplication result to the first-order lag model 92.
- the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the governor time constant Tg used in the governor control circuit 833 are those notified from the CEMS 31 and those generated by the control parameter generation circuit 88 via the eighth control circuit 87. (Not shown) shall be set and used.
- the first-order lag system model 92 performs an operation simulating the first-order lag system (1 / (1 + s ⁇ Tg)) using the time constant Tg notified from the eighth control circuit 87, and the calculation result. Is output to the limiter circuit 93.
- the limiter circuit 93 imposes a limit on the input data. Specifically, the limiter circuit 93 limits the output power of the second DC / AC converter 408 so as not to exceed the power capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408.
- the adder 835 adds the output of the governor control circuit 833 and the power target value Pref output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the power target value Pref the one notified from CEMS 31 is output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 shown in FIG.
- the subtractor 101 subtracts the output of the multiplier 103 from the output of the subtractor 836 (FIG. 14), and outputs the subtracted value to the integrator 102.
- the integrator 102 divides the subtraction result of the subtractor 101 by the inertial constant M output from the eighth control circuit 87, and integrates the division result.
- the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 corresponds to the difference value with respect to the angular velocity (2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60 Hz) of the frequency of the AC voltage.
- the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 is input to the multiplier 103 and the divider 104.
- the multiplier 103 multiplies the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 by the braking coefficient Dg given by the eighth control circuit 87, and outputs the multiplication result to the subtractor 101.
- the divider 104 converts ⁇ into a difference value ⁇ f from the reference frequency Fref (60 Hz) by dividing the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 by 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the adder 105 generates a frequency (Fref + ⁇ f) for voltage control in the inverter voltage control circuit 85 (FIG. 11) by adding the output ⁇ f of the divider 104 and the reference frequency Ref (60 Hz).
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 uses the information necessary for generating the virtual synchronous generator control parameters generated and notified by the CEMS 31.
- the one generated in is set in a register (not shown) via the eighth control circuit 87, and the one set in the register is used.
- the frequency information (Fref + ⁇ f) output from the adder 105 is input to the phase calculation circuit 106.
- the operation of the phase calculation circuit 106 will be described.
- the frequency information output from the adder 105 (FIG. 16) is integrated by the phase calculation circuit 106 and output as the phase information when the inverter voltage control circuit 85 performs voltage control.
- the phase information and frequency information output from the quality point system calculation circuit 837 are passed through the second sine wave generation circuit 812 (FIG. 12) in the AC frequency detection circuit 81 and in the inverter voltage control circuit 85. Is input to the third sine wave generation circuit 851 (FIG. 13).
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 generates a target value of the AC voltage output from the power conversion device 41 based on the input information.
- the fourth control circuit 409 confirms whether the measurement data transmission request is received from CEMS 31 by S206.
- the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11) notifies the CEMS 31 of the measurement data via the communication I / F 412 (FIG. 7) by S207.
- the eighth control circuit 87 sets the control information reception flag by S209.
- the eighth control circuit 87 determines whether or not the zero cross point detection flag is set by S210. To confirm. If the zero cross point detection flag is not set (NO in S210), the process returns to S201.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 (FIG. 12) captures the frequency and phase information of the system voltage in S212 by S211. And reset the zero cross point detection flag.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 takes in the frequency and phase information of the system voltage (zero cross point time information in the first embodiment) in S211 by S213. Update to information.
- the eighth control circuit 87 confirms whether the control information has been received from the CEMS 31 (whether the control information reception flag is set) by S214. If the reception flag is not set (NO in S214), the process is returned to S201.
- the eighth control circuit 87 receives data of each of the frequency target value (reference frequency Ref) and the power target value Ref by S215. replace.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 generates control parameters (speed adjustment rate Kgd, braking coefficient Dg, and inertial constant M) for virtual synchronous generator control by S216.
- FIG. 41 is a flowchart showing a process of generating control parameters (S216 in FIG. 39).
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 generates control parameters by using the system information (reference frequency Ref, power target value Ref, ⁇ Fmax information) and the inverter capacity Cinv in addition to the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 adjusts the speed by setting each of the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg to predetermined initial values by S2161. Initialize the rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 proceeds to S2162 and calculates the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic using the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg.
- a virtual synchronous generator model that simulates the operation of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) is implemented in the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11), and the control parameters are set using this model. The case of generating will be described.
- the method of generating the control parameter is not limited to this, and for example, the relationship between the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the system frequency shown in FIG. 18 is stored as table data corresponding to each braking coefficient Dg, and is also stored.
- the relationship between the braking coefficient Dg and the system frequency shown in FIG. 19 is stored as table data corresponding to each speed adjustment rate Kgd, and the appropriate speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg are used using these table data. May be configured to determine.
- the virtual synchronous generator model a mathematical model of the block diagram shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 is used, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the transfer function of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) is generated from the transfer function of the governor control unit shown in the above equation (1) and the sway equation shown in the above equation (2), and the generated transfer function is used. It may be configured to generate control parameters.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 When the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated in S2162, the control parameter generation circuit 88 has the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculated by S2163 and the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated by S0563 (FIG. 37) in FIG. Compare with tilt. Specifically, the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms whether the deviation of the slopes of these two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics is within a predetermined allowable range.
- control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that the slopes of the two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics match (YES in S2163), and sets the process to S2169. Proceed.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that the slopes of the two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics do not match (NO in S2163). In this case, the control parameter generation circuit 88 proceeds to S2164 and changes the braking coefficient Dg. In the first embodiment, the control parameter generation circuit 88 adds a predetermined value to the current braking coefficient Dg.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms by S2165 whether the braking coefficient Dg is within a predetermined range. If the braking coefficient Dg is within the predetermined range (YES in S2165), the control parameter generation circuit 88 returns to S2162 and calculates the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic using the changed braking coefficient Dg.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that appropriate characteristics cannot be obtained with the current speed adjustment rate Kgd, and brakes by S2166.
- the coefficient Dg is returned to the initial value, and the speed adjustment rate Kgd is changed. Specifically, the control parameter generation circuit 88 adds a predetermined value to the current speed adjustment rate Kgd (initial value).
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms by S2167 whether the speed adjustment rate Kgd is within a predetermined range.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 proceeds to S2168, assuming that an appropriate speed adjustment rate Kgd and a braking coefficient Dg have not been obtained, and speed adjustment.
- the rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg are set to the respective default values prepared in advance, and the process proceeds to S2169.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 returns to S2162 and uses the changed speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg to ⁇ F /. Calculate the slope of the ⁇ P characteristic.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 repeatedly executes the processes of S2162 to S2167 until it is determined to be YES in S2163 or NO is determined in S2167.
- the braking coefficient Dg and the speed adjustment rate Kgd are calculated from the relationship between the braking coefficient Dg shown in FIG. 19 and the frequency of the AC system voltage.
- the braking coefficient Dg and the speed adjustment rate Kgd may be calculated from the relationship between the speed adjustment rate Kgd shown in FIG. 18 and the frequency of the AC system voltage.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 calculates the inertial constant M by S2169.
- the inertial constant M is calculated based on the response time required for the virtual synchronous generator control.
- the response performance of the virtual synchronous generator control is the time constant Tg of the governor control circuit 833 (FIG. 14) and the time constant M / Dg of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 (FIG. 14) obtained by the sway equation.
- Tg the time constant of the governor control circuit 833
- M / Dg of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 (FIG. 14) obtained by the sway equation.
- the first embodiment since the default value of the governor time constant Tg is used and the governor time constant Tg is not generated, only the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 is controlled.
- the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 is obtained by M / Dg from the above equation (3). Therefore, in the first embodiment, the inertial constant M is calculated by multiplying the braking coefficient Dg by the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 defined by the default value.
- control parameter generation circuit 88 notifies the eighth control circuit 87 to that effect. At the same time, the calculated control parameters are output.
- the eighth control circuit 87 When the eighth control circuit 87 receives the calculated control parameter, the eighth control circuit 87 outputs the control parameter to the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 and updates it. When the update of the control parameter is completed, the eighth control circuit 87 clears (reset) the register (not shown) in which the reception flag is set by S217, and returns the process to S201.
- the operation plans (power target values) of the storage batteries 40a to 40c created by CEMS 31 are notified to the corresponding power conversion devices 41a to 41c, respectively. Even if the demand balance changes significantly immediately afterwards, the ratio of the output powers of the power conversion devices 41a to 41c can be made substantially equal to the ratio of the power target values at the time of creating the operation plan.
- the operation plan discharge plan
- the storage batteries 40a to 40c are operated so as to be fully charged almost at the same time.
- a plan (charge plan) has been created, even if the power consumption of the load 600 or the power generated by the mega solar 26 changes significantly from the assumed power at the time of creating the operation plan, the storage battery 40a will deviate from the assumed time.
- the SOC of ⁇ 40c can be zeroed almost at the same time, or the storage batteries 40a ⁇ 40c can be fully charged almost at the same time, and the assumed operation plan can be observed.
- the power conversion device 41 having a relatively small power target value has a high proportion of power.
- the corresponding storage battery 40 has a SOC of zero prior to the other storage batteries 40.
- the excess / deficiency power can be prorated to the ratio of the power target value set in the operation plan, so that the SOC is low (that is, the power target value is small). The ratio of the electric power of the storage battery 40 can be kept low.
- Embodiment 2 a method of generating information necessary for generating control parameters of a virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) mounted on a power conversion device 41, which is executed by CEMS 31, and power conversion.
- the method of generating the control parameter executed by the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11) in the apparatus 41 has been described.
- the problems of the control parameters generated in the first embodiment and the means for solving the problems will be described.
- the operation when the information required for generating the control parameter generated by the CEMS 31 is up to the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described.
- the configuration of the CEMS 31 according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the CEMS 31 according to the first embodiment, and only the processing of the control parameter generation circuit 13 (FIG. 5) and the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11) is different. ..
- the distributed power supply management device according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on the operation of different parts.
- 42A and 42B are diagrams for explaining a problem when the power conversion device 41 is controlled according to the control parameters for controlling the virtual synchronous generator described in the first embodiment described above.
- a power target value corresponding to 12.5% of the inverter capacity is given to the first power conversion device 41 by CEMS 31, and a power target value corresponding to 25% of the inverter capacity is given to the second power conversion device 41. Is given by CEMS31.
- the horizontal axis of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is described as the actual power (kW), but in the following description, the horizontal axis is the charge / discharge output from the power conversion device 41.
- the power normalized by the inverter capacity of the power conversion device 41 that is, the capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408) is used.
- the 42A and 42B are reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the power conversion device 41 created under the above conditions.
- the broken line indicates the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic
- the solid line indicates the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- FIG. 42A shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the first power conversion device 41 when the power target value is 12.5% of the inverter capacity.
- FIG. 42B shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the second power conversion device 41 when the power target value is 25% of the inverter capacity.
- the electric power that can be increased by the second power conversion device 41 is up to 25% of the inverter capacity. That is, the power that can be covered by the second power conversion device 41 is up to 50% of the inverter capacity.
- the power range that can cover the load fluctuation or the fluctuation of the power generation amount becomes narrow.
- the power fraction when the load fluctuation or the power generation amount fluctuation occurs is obtained in the first embodiment. It is possible to expand the power range that can cover the fluctuation while dividing it into 2: 1 in the same way as above. An example thereof is shown in FIGS. 43A and 43B.
- FIGS. 43A and 43B illustrate the case where the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is generated by changing the inclination of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of each power conversion device 41.
- the dashed line shows the modified reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the first power converter 41.
- the dashed line shows the modified reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of the second power converter 41.
- 43A and 43B have a slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic that is 1/2 times that of FIGS. 42A and 42B, respectively.
- the power that can be increased by the first power conversion device 41 by the virtual synchronous generator control is 25% of the inverter capacity.
- the power increased by the second power conversion device 41 is up to 50% of the inverter capacity. According to this, it becomes possible to cope with double load fluctuations or fluctuations in power generation amount.
- FIG. 44 is a flowchart for explaining the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic executed by CEMS31.
- the information notified to the transmission data generation circuit 15 is information indicating the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the reference power command value used when generating the slope. Since the operation of the CEMS 31 other than this is the same as the operation of the CEMS 31 according to the first embodiment, only the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described below.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 acquires the inverter capacity Cinv_i and the power target value Ref_i of the i-th power conversion device 41 according to S056202.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 compares the inverter capacity Cinv acquired in S056202 with the absolute value of the power target value Def_i.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 changes the power target value Pref_i to the inverter capacity Cinv_i according to S056204.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 uses S056205 to set the power target value.
- the power target value Pref_i is normalized by the inverter capacity Cinv.
- the normalized power target value Def_i is referred to as Def_temp.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 compares the absolute value of the normalized power target value Def_temp with the maximum value Def_max of the power target value according to S056206.
- Def_temp is equal to or greater than Def_max (NO in S056206)
- Def_max is set to the absolute value of Def_temp.
- Pcs_no is set to the number i of the current power conversion device 41.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 determines whether the confirmation by S056202 to S056207 for the power conversion devices 41 of all distributed power sources has been completed. In S056209, it is confirmed whether i ⁇ n. If the confirmation of the power converters 41 of all the distributed power sources has not been completed (NO in S05629), the process is returned to S056202.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 determines whether or not Pref_max is less than 0.5 in S056210. Is determined.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 uses the power target value (command value normalized by the inverter capacity) used when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic. Is set to 0.5. According to this, the control parameters used in the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 are substantially the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 uses S056212 to generate the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, and the power target value (normalized by the inverter capacity) is used.
- the given command value is set to Ref_max.
- FIGS. 45A and 45B a method of generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 45A and 45B.
- FIGS. 45A and 45B it is assumed that the first power conversion device 41 and the second power conversion device 41 are connected to the distribution system 24.
- the command value for generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is set to 0.5, when the system frequency drops by ⁇ Fmax, the output power of the power conversion device 41 is the inverter capacity Cinv ⁇ 0. It becomes 5.
- the command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is 0.25.
- FIG. 45A shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (broken line) and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (solid line) of the first power conversion device 41 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 45A further shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (dashed line) according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 45A shows the normalized value by the inverter capacity, and the vertical axis shows the difference frequency ⁇ F from the reference frequency Ref.
- the command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is 0.25. This is 0.5 times the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic as compared with the case of the first embodiment (0.25 (command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic) / 0.5 ( It means that the command value (Embodiment 1)) times) when the original reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is generated. Therefore, in FIG. 45A, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is determined so that the output power of the first power conversion device 41 becomes the inverter capacity Cinv when the system frequency decreases by ⁇ Fmax.
- a method of determining the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described.
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic or the command value used when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (this time). In the example of 0.25)
- the method of generating the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic using the inverter capacity Cinv, the system-related information (system frequency, ⁇ Fmax), and the power target value Pref will be described.
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic When the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is received as a control parameter, first, the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the command value is 0.5 described in the first embodiment is calculated. Then, the slope of the received reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is divided by the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the command value is 0.5, and the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is determined by CEMS 31 based on the division result. The command value used at that time (0.25 in this example) is calculated.
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated using the generation method according to the first embodiment based on the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the command value is 0.5.
- the slope is twice the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the command value is 0.5.
- This slope corresponds to 0.5 (command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic) / 0.25 (normalized by dividing the power target value notified from CEMS 31 by the inverter capacity).
- this slope is multiplied by 1/2 (0.25 (command value used when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic) /0.5 (command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic)).
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated.
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic obtained from this calculation result outputs half (4 kW) of the inverter capacity Cinv when the system frequency decreases by ⁇ Fmax.
- the output of the first power conversion device 41 is 2 kW.
- FIG. 45B shows the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (broken line) and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (solid line) of the second power conversion device 41.
- FIG. 45B further shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (dashed line) according to the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 45B shows the normalized value by the inverter capacity, and the vertical axis shows the difference frequency ⁇ F from the reference frequency Ref.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41 is generated by dividing the power target value Pref notified from the CEMS 31 by the inverter capacity Cinv and using the normalized value 0.25.
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is determined by using the generation method according to the first embodiment based on the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated with the command value set to 0.5. calculate.
- the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic obtained from the calculation result outputs 1/4 (1 kW) of the inverter capacity (4 kW) when the system frequency decreases by ⁇ Fmax.
- the output power of the second power conversion device 41 is 0.5 kW. Therefore, by generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic by the generation method according to the second embodiment, the output power of the second power conversion device 41 is doubled (2.5 kW) with respect to the load fluctuation or the fluctuation of the generated power. It has the effect of being able to expand from 5.0 kW).
- FIG. 46 is a flowchart centered on the operation of the fourth control circuit 409. As shown in FIG. 46, when the operation of the power conversion device 41 starts, the fourth control circuit 409 initializes various control parameters in S200 by setting various control parameters to predetermined initial values. do.
- the eighth control circuit 87 has the measured voltage of the voltmeters 401, 406, 410, the measured current of the ammeter 402, 407, 411, and the measured current of the ammeter 402, 407, 411, as in the first embodiment. Collects status information (SOC, etc.) of the storage battery 40. Based on the collected data, the charge / discharge power calculation circuit (not shown) in the seventh control circuit 74 (FIG. 10) calculates the charge / discharge power and the charge / discharge power amount of the storage battery 40. The waveform of the AC system voltage of the distribution system 24 measured by the voltmeter 410 is input to the AC frequency detection circuit 81.
- the AC frequency detection circuit 81 detects the zero crossing point of the AC system voltage in S202. Since the method for detecting the zero cross point is the same as the method described in the first embodiment, it will be omitted. When the zero cross point of the AC system voltage is detected (YES in S202), the AC frequency detection circuit 81 sets the zero cross point detection flag by S203.
- the fourth control circuit 409 controls the second DC / AC converter 408 by S204. Since the control operation of the second DC / AC converter 408 is the same as the control operation in the first embodiment (see FIG. 40), the description thereof will be omitted.
- the inverter voltage control circuit 85 is based on frequency and phase information output from the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) and system voltage amplitude information output from the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11). Then, a control command value for controlling the second DC / AC converter 408 is generated. The amplitude information of the AC system voltage from the eighth control circuit 87 is input to the inverter voltage control circuit 85 via the second sine wave generation circuit 812.
- the sine wave information (frequency, phase and amplitude information) from the AC frequency detection circuit 81 (FIG. 11) is input to the third sine wave generation circuit 851.
- the control circuit 83 since the control circuit 83 does not perform QV control, the amplitude information is not controlled.
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 generates a target value of the AC voltage output from the second DC / AC converter 408 based on the input sine wave information.
- the subtractor 852 calculates the deviation between the target value of the AC voltage from the third sine wave generation circuit 851 and the voltage measured by the voltmeter 410, and outputs the calculated deviation to the third PI control circuit 853. do.
- the third PI control circuit 853 generates a voltage command value by performing a PI (proportional integral) operation so that the input deviation becomes zero.
- the third PI control circuit 853 outputs the generated voltage command value to the first current limiting circuit 855.
- the first current limiting circuit 855 is a current input via the eighth control circuit 87 with respect to the voltage command value output from the third PI control circuit 853. Limits are added based on the measurement results of a total of 411. Specifically, the first current limiting circuit 855 limits the voltage command value when a current exceeding the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 flows, thereby converting the second DC / AC. The current flowing through the device 408 is controlled to be equal to or less than a predetermined current value (for example, the current capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408). The output of the first current limiting circuit 855 is input to the second PWM converter 854.
- the second PWM converter 854 generates a control signal by executing PWM control using the voltage command value output from the first current limiting circuit 855.
- the second PWM converter 854 outputs the generated control signal to the second DC / AC converter 408.
- control cycle may be a predetermined cycle such as an integral multiple of the cycle of the AC system voltage or a cycle of 1 second.
- the virtual synchronous generator control (S205 in FIG. 46) will be described with reference to the block configuration diagram of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 shown in FIG.
- the eighth control circuit 87 determines that the control timing has been reached, the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11) instructs the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 to generate information regarding the frequency and phase used for voltage control.
- the frequency and phase of the sine wave generated by the third sine wave generation circuit 851 (FIG. 13) in the inverter voltage control circuit 85 are updated at the zero cross point. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the control cycle is the cycle of the zero cross point detected by the AC frequency detection circuit 81.
- the subtractor 832 subtracts and subtracts the reference frequency Ref (for example, 60 Hz) input from the eighth control circuit 87 from the measured value of the frequency of the AC system voltage input from the AC frequency detection circuit 81 (FIG. 11). The result is output to the governor control circuit 833 (FIG. 15).
- Ref for example, 60 Hz
- the multiplier 91 multiplies the output of the subtractor 832 (FIG. 14) with the control parameter (-1 / Kgd) notified from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the multiplier 91 inputs the multiplication result to the first-order lag model 92.
- the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the governor time constant Tg used in the governor control circuit 833 are information necessary for generating control parameters notified from CEMS 31 (inclination of reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics), inverter capacity, power target value, and power target value. It is assumed that the one generated by the control parameter generation circuit 88 based on the system information or the like is set in a register (not shown) via the eighth control circuit 87 and used.
- the first-order lag system model 92 performs an operation simulating the first-order lag system (1 / (1 + s ⁇ Tg)) using the time constant Tg notified from the eighth control circuit 87, and the calculation result. Is output to the limiter circuit 93.
- the limiter circuit 93 imposes a limit on the input data.
- the adder 835 (FIG. 14) adds the output of the governor control circuit 833 and the power target value Pref output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the power target value Pref the one notified from CEMS 31 is output from the eighth control circuit 87.
- the subtractor 836 subtracts the actual value of the effective power output from the effective power calculation circuit 82 (FIG. 11) from the output of the adder 835, and outputs the subtraction result to the quality point system calculation circuit 837 (FIG. 16).
- the subtractor 101 subtracts the output of the multiplier 103 from the output of the subtractor 836 (FIG. 14), and outputs the subtracted value to the integrator 102.
- the integrator 102 divides the subtraction result of the subtractor 101 by the inertial constant M output from the eighth control circuit 87, and integrates the division result.
- the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 corresponds to the difference value with respect to the angular velocity (2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60 Hz) of the frequency of the AC voltage.
- the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 is input to the multiplier 103 and the divider 104.
- the multiplier 103 multiplies the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 by the braking coefficient Dg given by the eighth control circuit 87, and outputs the multiplication result to the subtractor 101.
- the divider 104 converts ⁇ into a difference frequency ⁇ f from the reference frequency Fref (60 Hz) by dividing the output ⁇ of the integrator 102 by 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the adder 105 generates a frequency (Fref + ⁇ f) for voltage control in the inverter voltage control circuit 85 (FIG. 11) by adding the output ⁇ f of the divider 104 and the reference frequency Ref (60 Hz).
- the inertial constant M and braking coefficient Dg used in the mass point system calculation circuit 837 are controlled based on the information (slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic) required for generating the control parameters generated by the CEMS 31 as described above.
- the one generated by the parameter generation circuit 88 is set in a register (not shown) via the eighth control circuit 87, and the one set in the register is used.
- the frequency information (Fref + ⁇ f) output from the adder 105 is input to the phase calculation circuit 106.
- the frequency information is integrated by the phase calculation circuit 106 and output as phase information when the inverter voltage control circuit 85 performs voltage control.
- the phase information and frequency information output from the quality point system calculation circuit 837 are passed through the second sine wave generation circuit 812 (FIG. 12) in the AC frequency detection circuit 81 and in the inverter voltage control circuit 85. Is input to the third sine wave generation circuit 851 (FIG. 13).
- the third sine wave generation circuit 851 generates a target value of the AC voltage output from the power conversion device 41 based on the input information.
- the fourth control circuit 409 confirms whether the measurement data transmission request is received from CEMS 31 by S206.
- the eighth control circuit 87 (FIG. 11) notifies the CEMS 31 of the measurement data via the communication I / F 412 (FIG. 7) by S207.
- the eighth control circuit 87 sets the control information reception flag by S209.
- the eighth control circuit 87 determines whether or not the zero cross point detection flag is set by S210. To confirm. If the zero cross point detection flag is not set (NO in S210), the process returns to S201.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 (FIG. 12) captures the frequency and phase information of the AC system voltage by S211 and S212. Resets the zero cross point detection flag.
- the second sine wave generation circuit 812 takes in the frequency and phase information of the AC system voltage (zero cross point time information in the second embodiment) in S211 by S213. Update to the information.
- the eighth control circuit 87 confirms whether the control information has been received from the CEMS 31 (whether the control information reception flag is set) by S214. If the reception flag is not set (NO in S214), the process is returned to S201.
- the eighth control circuit 87 receives data of each of the frequency target value (reference frequency Ref) and the power target value Ref by S215. replace.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 generates control parameters (speed adjustment rate Kgd, braking coefficient Dg, and inertial constant M) for virtual synchronous generator control by S220.
- FIG. 47 is a flowchart showing a process of generating control parameters (S220 in FIG. 46).
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is input from the CEMS 31 as the information necessary for generating the control parameter of the virtual synchronous generator control will be described.
- system information reference frequency Ref, power target value Ref, ⁇ Fmax information
- inverter capacity Cinv are used as information necessary for generating control parameters, in addition to the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic. And generate control parameters.
- FIG. 48 is a flowchart showing a process (S2201 of FIG. 47) for generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 receives the capacity information (Cinv) of the static inverter of the second DC / AC converter 408 from the eighth control circuit 87 by S05621. collect.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 collects the system information ( ⁇ Fmax) from the eighth control circuit 87 by S05622. Next, the control parameter generation circuit 88 obtains the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic based on the inverter capacitance Cinv and ⁇ Fmax by using the generation method according to the first embodiment by S05623. In the second embodiment, the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated by the method according to the first embodiment is referred to as “the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic”.
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic as a reference is set to ⁇ Fmax / (Cinv ⁇ 0.5).
- the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic as a reference is set to ⁇ Fmax / Cinv.
- the eighth control circuit 87 determines and controls whether to adopt the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the discharge mode (or charge mode) or the charge / discharge mode based on the power target value notified from the CEMS 31. Notify the parameter generation circuit 88. Specifically, when the absolute value of the determined power target value is less than a predetermined value, the eighth control circuit 87 adopts the charge / discharge mode.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 acquires the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic notified from the CEMS 31 from the eighth control circuit 87 by S056231. ..
- FIG. 49 is a flowchart showing a process for generating ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics (S2202 in FIG. 47).
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 acquires the command value used by the CEMS 31 when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculated in S2201 of FIG. 47 in S05630.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 acquires the control command value (power target value) notified from the CEMS 31 via the eighth control circuit 87.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 determines, according to S05632, whether or not the magnitude of the collected power target value exceeds the inverter capacity Cinv.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 132 limits the power target value to the inverter capacity Cinv by the limiter in S05633.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 obtains the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic by S05634. Specifically, first, based on the slope of the reference ⁇ P / ⁇ F characteristic (the command value when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is 0.5), the same ⁇ F / ⁇ P as in the first embodiment. Calculate the slope of the characteristic. In the following description, the same ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics as in the first embodiment will be referred to as “intermediate ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics” for convenience.
- the command value used when the CEMS 31 acquired in S05631 generated the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the command value used when calculating the reference reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (0. 5) and the slope of the intermediate ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic are used to calculate the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the initial values are set in the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg in S2203. Then, in S2204, the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated based on the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg.
- a virtual synchronous generator model simulating the operation of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 (FIG. 11) is implemented in the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11). A case where control parameters are generated using this model will be described. The method of generating control parameters is not limited to this.
- the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg that determine the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic are generated using a virtual synchronous generator model. Specifically, by inputting the set speed adjustment rate Kgd and braking coefficient Dg into the virtual synchronous generator model, for example, when a load fluctuation of about 25% of the inverter capacity is input, the mass point system calculation circuit 837 (Fig. The system frequency output from 14) is calculated. The difference frequency ⁇ F is calculated by subtracting the reference frequency Fref from this calculation result. Then, the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated by dividing the calculated ⁇ F by the load fluctuation amount.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 compares the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculated by S2205 with the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated by S2202. Specifically, the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms whether the deviation of the slopes of these two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics is within a predetermined allowable range.
- control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that the inclinations of the two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics match (YES in S2205), and sets the process to S2211. Proceed.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that the slopes of the two ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics do not match (NO in S2205). In this case, the control parameter generation circuit 88 proceeds to S2206 and changes the braking coefficient Dg. In the second embodiment, the control parameter generation circuit 88 adds a predetermined value to the current braking coefficient Dg.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms by S2207 whether the braking coefficient Dg is within a predetermined range. If the braking coefficient Dg is within the predetermined range (YES in S2207), the control parameter generation circuit 88 returns to S2204 and calculates the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic using the changed braking coefficient Dg.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 determines that appropriate characteristics cannot be obtained with the current speed adjustment rate Kgd, and brakes by S2208.
- the coefficient Dg is returned to the initial value, and the speed adjustment rate Kgd is changed. Specifically, the control parameter generation circuit 88 adds a predetermined value to the current speed adjustment rate Kgd (initial value).
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 confirms by S2209 whether the speed adjustment rate Kgd is within a predetermined range.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 proceeds to S2210, assuming that an appropriate speed adjustment rate Kgd and a braking coefficient Dg have not been obtained, and speed adjustment.
- the rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg are set to the respective default values prepared in advance, and the process proceeds to S2211.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 returns to S2204 and uses the changed speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg to ⁇ F /. Calculate the slope of the ⁇ P characteristic.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 repeatedly executes the processes of S2204 to S2209 until it is determined to be YES in S2205 or NO is determined in S2209.
- the braking coefficient Dg and the speed adjustment rate Kgd are calculated from the relationship between the braking coefficient Dg shown in FIG. 19 and the frequency of the AC system voltage, as in the first embodiment.
- the braking coefficient Dg and the speed adjustment rate Kgd may be calculated from the relationship between the speed adjustment rate Kgd shown in FIG. 18 and the frequency of the AC system voltage.
- the control parameter generation circuit 88 calculates the inertial constant M by S2211.
- the inertial constant M is calculated based on the response time required for the virtual synchronous generator control.
- the response performance of the virtual synchronous generator control is the time constant Tg of the governor control circuit 833 (FIG. 14) and the time constant M / Dg of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 (FIG. 14) obtained by the sway equation.
- Tg the time constant of the governor control circuit 833
- M / Dg of the mass point system arithmetic circuit 837 (FIG. 14) obtained by the sway equation.
- the first embodiment since the default value of the governor time constant Tg is used and the governor time constant Tg is not generated, only the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 is controlled.
- the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 is obtained by M / Dg from the above equation (3). Therefore, in the first embodiment, the inertial constant M is calculated by multiplying the braking coefficient Dg by the time constant of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 defined by the default value.
- control parameter generation circuit 88 notifies the eighth control circuit 87 to that effect. At the same time, the calculated control parameters are output.
- the eighth control circuit 87 When the eighth control circuit 87 receives the calculated control parameter, it outputs the control parameter to the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 by S216 and updates it. When the update of the control parameter is completed, the eighth control circuit 87 clears (reset) the register (not shown) in which the reception flag is set by S217, and returns the process to S201.
- each power conversion device 41a ⁇ There is an effect that the proportional ratio of the electric power output by the 41c can be made almost equal to the ratio of the electric power target value at the time of creating the operation plan.
- the operation plan is such that the SOCs of the storage batteries 40a to 40c are zero at almost the same time (at the time of discharge planning) or the charge is fully charged at almost the same time after several hours, the time changes, but almost at the same time.
- the SOC can be zero or fully charged, which has the effect of maintaining the expected operation plan.
- each power conversion device 41 shares the differential power equally, the power ratio of the power conversion device 41 having a small power target value becomes high, and the storage battery 40 has the SOC first. Although it happened that it became zero, by applying this method, the excess and deficiency of power can be divided into the ratio of the original power target value, so for example, the SOC is low (the power target value is small). Regarding the storage battery 40, there is an effect that the amount of electric power can be kept low.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is controlled by the CEMS 31 based on the power target value notified to each power conversion device 41, for example, when the power target value notified to each power conversion device 41 is small, the implementation is performed.
- the excess / deficiency power can still be supplied in terms of the inverter capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408. Nevertheless, it could not be output, but by controlling as described above, there is an effect that the power that can be output from the second DC / AC converter 408 can be expanded (see FIG. 45).
- Embodiment 3 In the second embodiment, the problem of the control parameter for controlling the virtual synchronous generator generated in the first embodiment and the means for solving the problem have been described. As a solution, a method of calculating the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, which is information necessary for generating a control parameter for controlling a virtual synchronous generator, which is generated by CEMS 31, has been described.
- the configuration of the CEMS 31 in the third embodiment is basically the same as that of the CEMS 31 in the second embodiment, and only the processing in the control parameter generation circuit 13 (FIG. 5) and the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11) is performed. Is different.
- the third embodiment will be described with a focus on the operation of different parts.
- the third embodiment generates a point for determining whether to calculate the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic with a numerical value different from that of the first embodiment, and generates a slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic with respect to the second embodiment.
- the method of generating the command value used at this time is different.
- the power target value notified to each power conversion device 41 output from the operation plan creation circuit 14 is divided by the inverter capacity of the corresponding power conversion device 41.
- the average value of the normalized command values is calculated.
- the command value for calculating the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is divided by the inverter capacity of each power conversion device 41 to the power target value. As a result, it is generated as the average value of the normalized command values.
- 50A and 50B are diagrams for explaining a method of creating reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics and ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics of two power conversion devices 41 equipped with virtual synchronous generator control according to the third embodiment. be.
- a method of creating a control parameter for controlling a virtual synchronous generator according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 50.
- the first power conversion device 41 has an inverter capacity of 8 kW, and the power target value normalized by the inverter capacity is 0.6.
- the second power conversion device 41 has an inverter capacity of 4 kW, and the power target value normalized by the inverter capacity is 0.1.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic produced by the production method according to the first embodiment is shown by a alternate long and short dash line.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic produced by the production method according to the first embodiment is shown by a alternate long and short dash line.
- FIG. 50A the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the first power conversion device 41 is shown by a broken line.
- FIG. 50B the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the second power conversion device 41 is shown by a broken line.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics when generating the control parameters of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 are shown by solid lines.
- the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics shown in FIG. 50A are limited when the differential power ⁇ P is 0.4 times or more the inverter capacity. This occurs because the original command value was 0.6, and the output power (output current) cannot be output any more when the insufficient power of 0.4 times the inverter capacity is output.
- Output limiting is performed by the current limiting circuit 855 (see FIGS. 11 and 14) of No. 1. Therefore, from CEMS 31, not the characteristic shown by the solid line in FIG. 50A, but the information necessary for generating the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic or the information for generating the slope. Or, the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic or information for generating the slope is output.
- the first current limiting circuit 855 monitors the output of the ammeter 411 input via the eighth control circuit 87.
- the first current limiting circuit 855 limits the current command value output to the second PWM converter 854. To reduce the output current.
- the power output from the power conversion device 41 has the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics as shown by the solid line in FIG. 50A.
- the operation of the distributed power generation system according to the third embodiment that is, the method of generating the information necessary for generating the control parameters for the virtual synchronous generator control in the CEMS 31 will be described.
- the third embodiment as in the second embodiment, a case where the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is used as the information necessary for generating the control parameter will be described.
- FIG. 51 is a flowchart for explaining the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in CEMS31. Since the operation of the CEMS 31 is the same as that of the second embodiment except for the calculation of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, only the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 sets the initial value at the time of generation in S056221. Specifically, the average value of the command values obtained by normalizing the power target value output to the power conversion device 41 connected to the distribution system 24 and operating by the inverter capacity of each second DC / AC converter 408. Initialize Pref_avg to be used when calculating. Further, the number i of the power conversion device 41 connected to and operating in the distribution system 24 is set to zero. In the flow of FIG. 51, it is assumed that n power conversion devices 41 (n ⁇ 2) are connected to the distribution system 24 and operated.
- the inverter capacity Cinv_i acquired in S056202 and the absolute value of the power target value Pref_i are compared.
- the absolute value of the power target value Pref_i exceeds the inverter capacity Cinv_i
- the power target value Pref_i is changed to the inverter capacity Cinv_i in S056204.
- the power target value Pref_i is divided by the inverter capacity Cinv_i to obtain the power target value Pref_i. Normalize with the inverter capacity Cinv_i.
- the normalized power target value (Pref_i / Cinv_i) is referred to as a “normalized command value”. Then, the absolute value of the normalized command value is added (integrated) to Pref_avg.
- the command value used in generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in S506224 is set to 0.5 as in the first embodiment, and the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the power conversion device 41 is set to 0.5. Generate and end the flow.
- the command value used when generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic in S506225 is set to Pref_avg / n, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the power conversion device 41 is generated, and the flow is terminated. ..
- the distributed power supply management device when the demand balance changes significantly immediately after notifying the power conversion devices 41a to 41c of the operation plan created by the CEMS 31 (for example, the load). Even if the power consumption changes significantly, or the power generated by the mega solar 26 changes significantly, and the supply and demand change significantly compared to the power assumed when the operation plan was created), each power conversion device 41a There is an effect that the proportional ratio of the electric power output by ⁇ 41c can be made almost equal to the ratio of the electric power target value at the time of creating the operation plan.
- the operation plan is such that the SOCs of the storage batteries 40a to 40c are zero at almost the same time (at the time of discharge planning) or the charge is fully charged at almost the same time after several hours, the time changes, but almost at the same time.
- the SOC can be zero or fully charged, which has the effect of maintaining the expected operation plan.
- each power conversion device 41 shares the differential power equally, the power ratio of the power conversion device 41 having a small power target value becomes high, and the storage battery 40 has the SOC first. Although it happened that it became zero, by applying this method, the excess and deficiency of power can be divided into the ratio of the original power target value, so for example, the SOC is low (the power target value is small). Regarding the storage battery 40, there is an effect that the amount of electric power can be kept low.
- each power conversion device 41 is configured.
- the power target value to be notified is small, in the first embodiment, when a large load fluctuation or a fluctuation of the generated power occurs, the inverter capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 even if the difference frequency ⁇ F becomes ⁇ Fmax.
- the inverter capacity of the second DC / AC converter 408 even if the difference frequency ⁇ F becomes ⁇ Fmax.
- the effect of the third embodiment becomes more effective as the number of power conversion devices 41 operated in the distribution system 24 increases.
- the normalized power target value is 0.6, 0.2, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.3
- the average value Pref_avg is 0.27, and all the power converters.
- the power range that can cope with load fluctuations and the like can be expanded by about twice (0.5 / 0.27 times).
- Embodiment 4 the problem of the control parameter for controlling the virtual synchronous generator generated in the first embodiment and the information for generating the control parameter for controlling the virtual synchronous generator generated by CEMS 31 as a means for solving the problem are used.
- the method of calculating the slope of a certain reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic has been described.
- the configuration of the CEMS 31 according to the fourth embodiment is basically the same as that of the CEMS 31 according to the third embodiment, and the processing of the control parameter generation circuit 13 (FIG. 5) and the control parameter generation circuit 88 (FIG. 11). ) Is different.
- the fourth embodiment will be described with a focus on the operation of different parts.
- the fourth embodiment is a condition for determining whether the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is calculated by a numerical value different from that of the first embodiment as compared with the second and third embodiments, and the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P.
- the method of generating the command value used to generate the slope of the characteristic is different.
- virtual synchronous power generation is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment based on the power target value notified to each power conversion device 41 output from the operation plan creation circuit 14 (FIG. 3).
- the power fluctuation range that can be covered when the control parameter of the machine control circuit 83 is generated is calculated, and the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is generated based on the calculation result. More specifically, the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics are determined so that the power fluctuation range that can be covered by the CEMS 31 can be secured.
- FIGS. 52A and 52B the outline of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 52A and 52B.
- 52A and 52B are diagrams for explaining the operation of creating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic and the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the two power conversion devices 41 that implement the virtual synchronous generator control according to the fourth embodiment. ..
- a method of creating control parameters for controlling a virtual synchronous generator generated in the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 52A and 52B.
- the first power conversion device 41 has an inverter capacity of 8 kW, and the power target value normalized by the inverter capacity is 0.25.
- the second power conversion device 41 has an inverter capacity of 4 kW, and the power target value normalized by the inverter capacity is 0.125.
- FIG. 52A shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic produced by the production method according to the first embodiment by a alternate long and short dash line.
- FIG. 52B shows the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic produced by the production method according to the first embodiment by a alternate long and short dash line.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic of the fourth embodiment is generated based on the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculated based on the first embodiment from the power target values of the two power conversion devices 41.
- the first power conversion device 41 has 2.0 kW (8.0 kW (inverter capacity) ⁇ 0.25 (power target value) with respect to load fluctuations and fluctuations in the generated power of the energy-creating equipment. )) Insufficient power can be supplied.
- the second power conversion device 41 can supply a shortage power of 0.5 kW (4.0 kW (inverter capacity) ⁇ 0.125 (power target value)). Therefore, it is possible to supply insufficient power up to 2.5 kW.
- the system frequency becomes 60 Hz- ⁇ Fmax by discharging 4 kW and 1 kW, respectively, and the system frequency cannot be further lowered. Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the amount of power required to be covered by the virtual synchronous generator control for the load fluctuation and the fluctuation of the generated power of the energy-creating device is created in the CEMS 31 when the operation plan is created. Calculated by circuit 14 (see FIG. 3). Then, based on the calculation result, control is performed so as to create a control parameter of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83. More specifically, it is configured to determine the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics according to the fourth embodiment are shown by broken lines. Since the method of calculating the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is the same as the calculation method in the second embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted. Further, in each figure, the solid line is the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic when the control parameter of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 is generated.
- FIG. 53 is a flowchart for explaining the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic executed in CEMS31. Since the operation of the CEMS 31 is the same as that of the second and third embodiments except for the calculation of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic, only the generation process of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic will be described.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 sets the initial value at the time of generation (S506241). Specifically, W_conver_sum used when calculating the sum of the power target values output to the power conversion device 41 connected to and operating in the distribution system 24 is initialized to zero.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic calculation circuit 131 also sets the number i of the power conversion device 41 connected to and operating in the distribution system 24 to zero. In this flow, it is assumed that n (n ⁇ 2) power conversion devices 41 are connected to the distribution system 24 and operated.
- the absolute value of the power target value Pref_i acquired in S056202 is divided by the inverter capacity Cinv_i, and the division result is compared with 0.5. As a result of comparison, if the division result exceeds 0.5 (NO in S056242), Temp is set to the inverter capacity Cinv_i-
- the absolute value of the power target value Pref_i is substituted into Temp according to S056244.
- the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated in the first embodiment is used and the power target value exceeds 0.5
- the virtual synchronous power generation is performed by the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic generated based on the power target value shown on the left.
- the machine control circuit 83 controls the power conversion device 41, the power output as a shortage before the difference frequency ⁇ F becomes ⁇ Fmax exceeds half of the inverter capacity. Therefore, Temp is substituted so that the sum with
- the addition result (W_conver_sum) and the operation plan creation circuit 14 are displayed in S056246.
- the method of creating the predetermined value in the operation plan creation circuit 14 will not be described in detail, but for example, the power of the mega solar 26 due to the solar radiation fluctuation is stored in a database (not shown) in the power generation power prediction circuit 142 (see FIG. 4).
- the predicted value of the load fluctuation range is also stored in the database (not shown) for the power consumption prediction circuit 143 (see FIG. 4), and these two predicted values are also stored. In addition, it may be configured to generate the above-mentioned predetermined value.
- the operation plan is such that the SOCs of the storage batteries 40a to 40c are zero at almost the same time (at the time of discharge planning) or the charge is fully charged at almost the same time after several hours, the time changes, but almost at the same time.
- the SOC can be zero or fully charged, which has the effect of maintaining the expected operation plan.
- each power conversion device 41 shares the differential power equally, the power ratio of the power conversion device 41 having a small power target value becomes high, and the storage battery 40 has the SOC first. Although it happened that it became zero, by applying this method, the excess and deficiency of power can be divided into the ratio of the original power target value, so for example, the SOC is low (the power target value is small). Regarding the storage battery 40, there is an effect that the amount of electric power can be kept low.
- the distributed power supply system As described above, according to the distributed power supply system according to the first to fourth embodiments, fluctuations in load power consumption and mega power consumption are observed in the distribution system 24 in which a plurality of power conversion devices 41 equipped with virtual synchronous generator control are arranged. Even if the generated power of an energy-creating device such as a solar 26 fluctuates, the excess or deficiency power can be shared by the ratio of the power generated by CEMS 31. For example, when the power consumption of the load increases, the ratio of the power target value at the time of operation planning collapses, and the power output by the power conversion device 41 having a small power target value is higher than that of other power conversion devices 41. It has the effect of suppressing the increase in the ratio.
- a virtual synchronous generator control is applied to a household storage battery installed by a general consumer.
- the configuration of the virtual synchronous generator control unit mounted on the power conversion device 41 or the household storage battery is different, or when the CEMS 31 is configured to generate the control parameter, for example, the virtual synchronous power generation shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the virtual synchronous generator control unit mounted on the power conversion device 41 or the household storage battery is different, or when the CEMS 31 is configured to generate the control parameter, for example, the virtual synchronous power generation shown in FIG.
- the information necessary for generating the control parameter of the virtual synchronous generator control circuit 83 in the power converter 41 the information necessary for generating the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic (reference ⁇ F /). Tilt information of ⁇ P characteristics, command value information used to generate reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics, power target value, etc.), information necessary to generate ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics (inclination of ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristics, power target) The value), system information (reference frequency, ⁇ Fmax value, response time required for virtual synchronous generator control, etc.) have been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the output of the power converter 41 is a predetermined value.
- the static type is obtained from the capacity of the static inverter in each power conversion device 41 and the power target value. Since it is configured to generate control parameters for virtual synchronous generator control mounted for the inverter, the power consumption of the load fluctuates (or suddenly changes) or the mega solar 26 during the period until the next operation plan is notified from CEMS31. Even if the generated power of the energy-creating equipment such as the above fluctuates (or suddenly changes), the excess or deficiency power can be shared with almost the same share ratio as the operation plan (power target value).
- the insufficient 50% of the power is the ratio of the target power value calculated at the time of creating the operation plan. It is shared based on. Therefore, for example, if the power target value at the time of creating an operation plan is controlled by the ratio and the SOC is planned to be zero at almost the same time, for example, the amount of solar radiation changes and the power generation of the mega solar 26 is generated. Even when the power is reduced by 50%, the excess or deficiency power is divided based on the ratio of the power target values, so that there is an effect that the SOC is controlled to be zero almost at the same time.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the virtual synchronous generator control is not limited to this, for example, in an energy-creating device such as a wind power generator. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained even when the above is implemented. In particular, it goes without saying that a wind power generator has the same effect because it has an inertial force on the generator side because the motor is rotated by a propeller.
- the distribution system 24 a case where several large-capacity storage batteries such as the storage battery 40 are mounted on the distribution system 24 has been described, but it can be used as a power conversion device for a household storage battery or a power conversion device for an electric vehicle.
- virtual synchronous generator control may be implemented to carry out the same control as CEMS31.
- the number of target power conversion devices connected to the distribution system 24 is several hundred. Further, it is needless to say that the same effect is obtained even if a large capacity (for example, several hundred kW to several MW) such as the storage battery 40 and a household storage battery (several kW) are arranged as the storage battery capacity.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a solar cell (not limited to a mega solar cell but a household solar cell) for controlling a static inverter as a voltage source may be used.
- a solar cell not limited to a mega solar cell but a household solar cell
- a static inverter as a voltage source
- an in-vehicle storage battery such as an electric vehicle (EV: Electric Vehicle), a plug-in type hybrid vehicle (PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), or a fuel cell vehicle (FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle).
- the operation is described using the power conversion device 41 of several kW for the sake of simplicity, but the operation is not limited to this. Further, the case where the technique is applied to the distribution system 24 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if the present technique is applied to a transmission system or an independent microgrid.
- embodiments 1 to 4 have been described by taking three-phase alternating current as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that single-phase alternating current or single-phase three-wire alternating current may be used.
- the capacity of the static inverter and the power target value are used for calculation.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the storage battery capacity of the storage battery 40a is doubled with respect to the capacity of the static inverter in the power conversion device 41a, and the capacity of the static inverter in the power conversion device 41b is doubled. If the ratio of the storage capacity of the storage battery to the capacity of the static inverter is different, such as when the storage battery capacity of the storage battery 40b is tripled, consider the capacity ratio on the left and generate an operation plan (power target value), or use a virtual synchronous generator system. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by configuring the capacity ratio to be taken into consideration when generating the information necessary for generating the control parameter to be used.
- the control parameter for virtual synchronous generator control when the control parameter for virtual synchronous generator control is generated by the CEMS 31, the information generated and transmitted by the CEMS 31 is added to the power target value, and the system information and the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic are added.
- the two cases of sending the information necessary for generating the power and the information necessary for generating the slope of the reference ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic have been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and at least the power distribution system 24 is connected. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by configuring the CEMS 31 to send information capable of generating control parameters in the power conversion device equipped with the virtual synchronous generator control unit.
- the virtual synchronous generator model is built in, or the relationship between the braking coefficient Dg and the frequency shown in FIG. 19 is adjusted at a plurality of speeds.
- the value of the rate Kgd is stored as table data, and based on the ⁇ Fmax information, a combination of the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg that almost matches the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic is searched for, or the speed shown in FIG.
- the relationship between the adjustment rate Kgd and the frequency is stored as table data with the values of a plurality of braking coefficients Dg, and based on the ⁇ Fmax information, the speed adjustment rate Kgd and the braking coefficient Dg that almost match the slope of the ⁇ F / ⁇ P characteristic.
- searching for a combination has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that other methods such as incorporating a virtual synchronous generator control unit in a mathematical model may be used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, in the CEMS 31.
- a distribution system model (digital twin) with 20 or less substations is implemented, and the information required to calculate each control parameter is configured to operate optimally in the assumed use case using the distribution system model. You may. Further, it goes without saying that AI or the like may be implemented and configured to calculate control parameters.
- the communication cycle between the CEMS 31 and the DSO 21 is set to 30 minutes, and the communication cycle between the CEMS 31 and each power conversion device 41 is set to 5 minutes. Needless to say, the communication cycle between the power converter 41 and each power converter 41 may be shortened by 1 minute or even shorter.
- the governor model in the governor control circuit 833 is modeled as a first-order lag system, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a second-order lag system or LPF (Low Pass Filter) is used. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained even if it is configured.
- LPF Low Pass Filter
- the mass point system calculation circuit is modeled by the integrator and the feedback loop shown in FIG. 16, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a first-order lag system, a second-order lag system, an LPF, or the like is used. Needless to say, it can be modeled.
- the VQ control often performed in the virtual synchronous generator control is omitted for the sake of simplicity, but the VQ control is also implemented as the virtual synchronous generator control. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by adopting this method for the existing power conversion device.
- the configuration of the mass point system calculation circuit 837 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the control circuits of the mega solar power conversion device 27 and the storage battery power conversion device 41 are configured as shown in FIGS. 6 to 16 in order to make the explanation easy to understand, and the configuration of the CEMS 31 is shown.
- the case of configuring with hardware (H / W) has been described, but the functions of each block or a part of the blocks described in each block are mounted on the CPU (Central Processing Unit). It is possible to realize the same control function even if it is realized by the software (S / W). Alternatively, it is possible to realize the same control function by dividing the functions of software and hardware for at least a part of the blocks.
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Abstract
Description
(配電系統の構成例)
最初に、実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置が接続される配電系統の構成例を説明する。なお、実施の形態1では、三相系統を例示するが、配電系統は単相系統であってもよい。
図2に示すように、配電系統24には、負荷600、電力変換装置41および蓄電池40が接続されている。なお、説明を簡単にするために、図2では、配電系統24のインピーダンス29を集中系で表わしている。配電系統24のインピーダンス29は、リアクトル成分および抵抗成分より構成されるものとする。
図3は、図1に示したCEMS31の構成を示すブロック図である。
図4は、図3に示した運転計画作成回路14の構成を示すブロック図である。
図5は、図3に示した制御パラメータ生成回路13の構成を示すブロック図である。
図6は、図1に示した電力変換装置27の構成を示すブロック図である。
図7は、図1に示した電力変換装置41の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図8は、図6に示した第1の制御回路204の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図9は、図6に示した第2の制御回路209の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図10は、図7に示した第3の制御回路404の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図11は、図7に示した第4の制御回路409の構成を説明するブロック図である。
以下、仮想同期発電機制御技術について簡単に説明する。
発電プラントにおけるガバナーは、火力発電および原子力発電におけるガスタービンまたは蒸気タービンの出力および、または、水力発電における水車のガイドベーンなどを制御することにより、発電機の出力電力を制御する機能を有する。交流電力系統において需要電力が供給電力を超えると、系統電圧の周波数が低下する。出力制御が可能な火力発電機または水力発電機ではガバナーにドループ特性を持たせることにより、系統電圧の周波数が低下すると、発電電力を増やすように発電機を制御する。一方、供給電力が需要電力を超えることによって系統電圧の周波数が上昇すると、発電電力を減らすように発電機を制御する。
-1/{Kgd×(1+s×Tg)} …(1)
ただし、式(1)中の-1/Kgdはガバナーの比例ゲイン(Kgd:速度調整率)であり、Tgは一次次遅れ系の時定数(Tg:ガバナー時定数)である。
図54に示すように、同期発電機は、単位慣性定数Mを持つ回転子を有する。例えば、日射量の急変によりメガソーラー26の発電電力が急減した場合、上記ガバナー制御では、不足する電力を瞬時に賄うことができない。同期発電機は、回転子に蓄積された回転エネルギーを電力に変換し、交流系統に出力する。その際、回転子の角速度(回転速度)が減少すると、ガバナー制御により供給されるエネルギーが増加することにより、需要電力と供給電力とをバランスさせる。次式(2)に、質点系モデル(発電機回転子)を模擬する動揺方程式を示す。動揺方程式はエネルギーPを角速度ωで除算し、トルクTに変換したものである。
Tin-Tout=M×dω/dt+Dg×ω …(2)
ただし、Dgは制動係数であり、Mは慣性定数である。
図12は、図11に示した交流周波数検出回路81の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図13は、図11に示したインバータ電圧制御回路85の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図14は、図11に示した仮想同期発電機制御回路83の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図15は、図14に示したガバナー制御回路833の構成を説明するブロック図である。
図16は、図14に示した質点系演算回路837の構成を説明するブロック図である。
(1/M×s)/{1+Dg/M×(1/s)}
=(1/Dg)×[1/{1+(M/Dg)×s} …(3)
なお、仮想同期発電機制御におけるガバナー時定数Tg、質点系演算部の時定数M/Dgはシステムに要求される応答速度に基づき決定する。
次に、実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の動作の概要について説明する。
図20は、ΔF/ΔP特性の一例を示す図である。図20の横軸は、電力目標値に対する実際の電力変換装置41の出力電力の偏差である差分電力ΔPである。差分電力ΔPは、電力変換装置41の出力電力が電力目標値よりも大きい場合を正とする。
次に、従来の仮想同期発電機制御を実装した2台の電力変換装置41を配電系統24に配置した場合の問題点を説明する。
図26は、実施の形態1に係る仮想発電機制御を実装した第2の電力変換装置41のΔF/ΔP特性の一例を示す図である。図中の実線は第2の電力変換装置41のΔF/ΔP特性を示し、破線は第1の電力変換装置41のΔF/ΔP特性(図24)を示している。
次に、CEMS31における各電力変換装置41のΔF/ΔP特性の作成方法について説明する。
次に、図1から図41を用いて、実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の動作を詳細に説明する。
次に、図33を用いてCEMS31の詳細な動作を説明する。
次に、図6から図41を用いて、メガソーラー用の電力変換装置27および蓄電池用の電力変換装置41の動作を説明する。
図6を用いて、メガソーラー用の電力変換装置27の動作を説明する。
第2の制御回路209において、位相検出回路61は、電圧計210(図1)により計測される配電系統24の交流電圧の波形のゼロクロス点を検出する。
次に、図7から図41を用いて、蓄電池用の電力変換装置41の動作を説明する。
図39は、電力変換装置41の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。
図13に示すように、インバータ電圧制御回路85は、仮想同期発電機制御回路83(図11)から出力される周波数および位相情報(第2の正弦波生成回路812を経由して入力)、第8の制御回路87から第2の正弦波生成回路812を経由して入力される交流系統電圧の振幅情報に基づいて、第2のDC/AC変換器408を制御するための制御指令値を生成する。
第8の制御回路87(図11)は、制御タイミングに到来したと判断すると、仮想同期発電機制御回路83に対し、電圧制御に使用する周波数および位相に関する情報を生成するように指示する。実施の形態1では、ゼロクロス点において、インバータ電圧制御回路85内の第3の正弦波生成回路851(図13)により生成する正弦波の周波数および位相を更新する。よって、実施の形態1では、上記制御周期は、交流周波数検出回路81により検出したゼロクロス点の周期となる。
実施の形態1では、CEMS31にて実行される、電力変換装置41に実装された仮想同期発電機制御回路83(図11)の制御パラメータを生成するために必要な情報の生成方法と、電力変換装置41内の制御パラメータ生成回路88(図11)にて実行される制御パラメータの生成方法について説明した。
ΔF/ΔP特性の生成方法はいろいろとあるが、例えば、仮想同期発電機制御の制御パラメータとして、基準ΔF/ΔP特性の傾き(あるいは基準ΔF/ΔP特性を生成する際に使用した指令値(今回の例では0.25))と、インバータ容量Cinvと、系統関連情報(系統周波数、ΔFmax)と、電力目標値Prefとを用いた、ΔF/ΔP特性の生成方法を説明する。
図46に示すように、電力変換装置41の動作が開始すると、第4の制御回路409は、S200では、各種制御パラメータを予め定められた初期値に設定することにより、各種制御パラメータを初期化する。
インバータ電圧制御回路85は、仮想同期発電機制御回路83(図11)から出力される周波数および位相の情報および、第8の制御回路87(図11)から出力される系統電圧の振幅情報に基づいて、第2のDC/AC変換器408を制御するための制御指令値を生成する。なお、第8の制御回路87からの交流系統電圧の振幅情報は、第2の正弦波生成回路812を経由してインバータ電圧制御回路85に入力される。
実施の形態2では、実施の形態1で生成した仮想同期発電機制御用の制御パラメータの課題、および当該課題の解決手段について説明した。解決手段として、CEMS31で生成する、仮想同期発電機制御用の制御パラメータを生成するために必要な情報である基準ΔF/ΔP特性の傾きを算出する方法について説明した。
第1の電流制限回路855は、第8の制御回路87を介して入力される電流計411の出力を監視する。第2のDC/AC変換器408より出力される交流電流が電流容量を超えた場合、第1の電流制限回路855は、第2のPWM変換器854に出力する電流指令値に制限を加えることにより、出力電流を絞る。このように制御することで、電力変換装置41から出力される電力は、図50Aに実線で記載したようなΔF/ΔP特性のようになる。
実施の形態2および3では、実施の形態1で生成した仮想同期発電機制御用の制御パラメータの課題およびその解決手段として、CEMS31で生成する仮想同期発電機制御用の制御パラメータを生成するための情報である基準ΔF/ΔP特性の傾きの算出方法について説明した。
指令値=0.5/(運転計画作成回路14より通知された所定値/W_conver_sum)
以上説明したように、実施の形態4に係る分散電源管理装置によれば、CEMS31で作成した運転計画を電力変換装置41a~41cに通知した直後に需要バランスが大きく変化した場合(例えば、負荷の消費電力が大きく変化、あるいはメガソーラー26の発電電力が大きく変化し運転計画を作成した際に想定した電力と比較して需要と供給に大きな変化が生じた場合)でも、各電力変換装置41a~41cが出力する電力の案分比は、運転計画作成の際の電力目標値の比とほぼ等しくすることができる効果がある。
なお、実施の形態1~4では、説明を分かりやすくするためにメガソーラー用電力変換装置27および蓄電池用電力変換装置41の制御回路を図6~図16に示す構成とし、CEMS31の構成を図3~5に示すようにハードウェア(H/W)で構成する場合について説明したが、各ブロックに記載された、各ブロック或いは一部のブロックの機能を、CPU(Central Processing Unit)上に実装したソフトウェア(S/W)で実現しても同様の制御機能を実現することが可能である。あるいは、少なくとも一部のブロックについて、ソフトウェア及びハードウェアの機能分割によって、同様の制御機能を実現することも可能である。
Claims (11)
- 分散電源から出力される電力を交流電力に変換して交流系統に出力するインバータと、
前記インバータを制御する制御回路とを備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記インバータに同期発電機の過渡特性を持たせる仮想同期発電機制御回路と、
前記仮想同期発電機制御回路を制御するための制御パラメータを生成する制御パラメータ生成回路と、
前記仮想同期発電機制御回路から入力される交流系統電圧情報に基づいて、前記インバータを電圧源として制御するインバータ電圧制御回路と、
前記分散電源を管理する管理装置から、前記分散電源の電力目標値および、前記制御パラメータの生成に必要な情報を受信する通信回路とを含み、
前記制御パラメータ生成回路は、前記通信回路が受信した前記電力目標値および前記制御パラメータの生成に必要な情報に基づいて、前記仮想同期発電機制御回路で使用する速度調整率および制動係数の少なくとも一方を生成する、電力変換装置。 - 前記仮想同期発電機制御回路は、
前記同期発電機のガバナー機能を模擬したガバナー制御回路と、
前記同期発電機の動揺方程式を模擬した質点系演算回路とを含み、
前記ガバナー制御回路を制御するための前記制御パラメータは、前記同期発電機の応答性能を決定するガバナー時定数と、前記速度調整率とを含み、
前記質点系演算回路を制御するための前記制御パラメータは、機械的回転子の慣性を模擬した慣性定数と、前記機械的回転子に制動力を加える前記制動係数とを含む、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記交流系統の交流系統電圧を計測する電圧計をさらに備え、
前記インバータ電圧制御回路は、前記仮想同期発電機制御回路から入力される前記交流系統電圧情報に基づいて交流電圧目標値を生成し、生成した前記交流電圧目標値および前記電圧計の計測値に基づいて前記インバータを前記電圧源として制御する、請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記交流系統の交流系統電圧を計測する電圧計をさらに備え、
前記インバータ電圧制御回路は、前記仮想同期発電機制御回路から入力される前記交流系統電圧情報に基づいて交流電圧目標値を生成し、生成した前記交流電圧目標値および前記電圧計の計測値に基づいて前記インバータを前記電圧源として制御する、請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記交流系統の交流系統電圧を計測する電圧計と、
前記交流系統の交流電流を計測する電流計と、
前記電圧計および前記電流計の計測値に基づいて交流実効電力を算出する実効電力算出回路と、
前記電圧計の計測値に基づいて、前記交流系統電圧の周波数と、ゼロクロス点または位相とを検出する交流周波数検出回路とをさらに備え、
前記ガバナー制御回路は、前記交流系統電圧の基準周波数および、前記交流周波数検出回路により検出される前記交流系統電圧の周波数に基づいて、前記電力目標値に加えるオフセット値を算出し、当該算出結果を前記質点系演算回路に出力し、
前記質点系演算回路は、前記電力目標値および前記オフセット値の加算結果と前記交流実効電力とに基づいて、前記インバータ電圧制御回路に前記交流系統電圧情報として出力する、前記交流系統電圧の周波数および位相を生成する、請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記交流系統の交流電流を計測する電流計と、
前記電圧計および前記電流計の計測値に基づいて交流実効電力を算出する実効電力算出回路と、
前記電圧計の計測値に基づいて、前記交流系統電圧の周波数と、ゼロクロス点または位相とを検出する交流周波数検出回路とをさらに備え、
前記ガバナー制御回路は、前記交流系統電圧の基準周波数および、前記交流周波数検出回路により検出される前記交流系統電圧の周波数に基づいて、前記電力目標値に加えるオフセット値を算出し、当該算出結果を前記質点系演算回路に出力し、
前記質点系演算回路は、前記電力目標値および前記オフセット値の加算結果と前記交流実効電力とに基づいて、前記インバータ電圧制御回路に前記交流系統電圧情報として出力する、前記交流系統電圧の周波数および位相を生成する、請求項4に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記インバータ電圧制御回路は、前記インバータが出力する交流電流を制限する電流制限回路を含み、
前記電流制限回路は、前記電流計の計測値が予め設定された電流範囲を逸脱した場合に、前記インバータが出力する交流電流に制限を加える、請求項5または6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御パラメータ生成回路は、前記インバータの容量と、前記交流系統に接続するための規定情報と、前記通信回路が受信した前記電力目標値および前記制御パラメータの生成に必要な情報とに基づいて、前記制御パラメータを生成する、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御パラメータ生成回路は、
前記インバータの容量に予め定められた比を乗算した乗算値を前記電力目標値としたときの、前記交流系統の交流系統電圧の基準周波数に対する系統周波数の偏差である差分周波数と、当該電力目標値に対する前記インバータの出力電力の偏差である差分電力との関係を示す基準ΔF/ΔP特性を生成し、
生成した前記基準ΔF/ΔP特性および、前記管理装置から通知される前記電力目標値に基づいて、前記インバータを制御するためのΔF/ΔP特性を生成し、
生成した前記ΔF/ΔP特性を用いて前記制御パラメータを生成する、請求項8に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御パラメータの生成に必要な情報は、基準ΔF/ΔP特性または前記基準ΔF/ΔP特性を生成するために必要な情報、もしくは、ΔF/ΔP特性または前記ΔF/ΔP特性を生成するために必要な情報を含み、
前記基準ΔF/ΔP特性は、前記インバータの容量に予め定められた比を乗算した乗算値を前記電力目標値としたときの、前記交流系統の交流系統電圧の基準周波数に対する系統周波数の偏差である差分周波数と、前記電力目標値に対する前記インバータの出力電力の偏差である差分電力との関係を示し、
前記ΔF/ΔP特性は、前記基準周波数に対する系統周波数の偏差である差分周波数と、前記管理装置から通知される前記電力目標値に対する前記インバータの出力電力の偏差である差分電力との関係を示し、
前記制御パラメータ生成回路は、前記管理装置から通知される前記電力目標値および前記制御パラメータの生成に必要な情報と、前記インバータの容量とに基づいて、前記制御パラメータを生成する、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御パラメータ生成回路は、
前記管理装置から通知される前記電力目標値に対する前記インバータの出力電力の前記差分電力を算出し、
前記ΔF/ΔP特性または前記ΔF/ΔP特性を生成するために必要な情報に基づいて、前記差分周波数に対する前記差分周波数を算出し、
算出した前記差分電力および前記差分周波数に基づいて、前記制御パラメータを生成する、請求項9または10に記載の電力変換装置。
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