WO2022095599A1 - 一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构 - Google Patents

一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构 Download PDF

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WO2022095599A1
WO2022095599A1 PCT/CN2021/117735 CN2021117735W WO2022095599A1 WO 2022095599 A1 WO2022095599 A1 WO 2022095599A1 CN 2021117735 W CN2021117735 W CN 2021117735W WO 2022095599 A1 WO2022095599 A1 WO 2022095599A1
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unlocking
memory alloy
shape memory
locking
shaft section
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PCT/CN2021/117735
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈勇
陈云波
姜新才
先明春
周杨
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四川航天川南火工技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022095599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022095599A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/64—Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
    • B64G1/645—Separators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connection and unlocking structure driven by a shape memory alloy, which is especially suitable for star-rocket separation or non-fire point separation in star separation.
  • the point separation technology is one of the main technologies for the unlocking and separation of the systems of the aerospace model and the strategic model.
  • the traditional point-type separation device is mainly a pyrotechnic separation device, including explosive bolts, unlocking bolts, separation nuts, strap-type separation devices, etc.
  • the traditional pyrotechnic separation device has simple structure, short working time and high synchronization, so it has been used in the aerospace field until now.
  • the non-pyogenic separation device Compared with the pyrotechnic separation device, the non-pyogenic separation device has the advantages of low impact, high safety, reusability, detectability and measurability, and also has its own irreplaceable advantages in some space missions.
  • the low-impact point-type separation device based on shape memory alloy has mature material technology and has achieved abundant research results.
  • the point-type separation device using shape memory alloy as the driving source has a response time Relatively short, reusable advantage.
  • the non-fire point type separation device in the prior art has a small structural bearing capacity, and is very limited in practical application.
  • the non-fire point separation technology based on shape memory alloy has become a new direction for the development of low-impact unlocking and separation technology, and there is an urgent need for a new type of connection and unlocking structure.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, a shape memory alloy-driven connection and unlocking structure is proposed, which adopts the combination of a steel ball lock structure and a locking pin structure. While being unlocked reliably, it can be reused many times, and the unlocking impact is small.
  • a connection and unlocking structure driven by a shape memory alloy comprising a casing, a limit spring, a locking pin, a locking core rod, a steel ball, a connecting rod, a driving spring and a shape memory alloy wire;
  • the shell is a revolving body structure, and a compartment or component that needs to be separated is connected to the shell.
  • the shell includes a small shaft section and a large shaft section.
  • the small shaft section is a hollow blind hole structure, and the side wall of the small shaft section is opened.
  • one end of the limit spring is connected to the inner wall of the large shaft section, and the other end of the limit spring is in contact with the locking pin;
  • One end of the locking core rod is provided with a symmetrical unlocking slot on the side wall, and the other end is provided with a locking hole.
  • the locking hole corresponds to the through hole, the locking pin can pass in or out;
  • a driving spring is arranged between the locking core rod and the small shaft section;
  • the connecting rod is a hollow revolving structure, on which is connected another compartment or component that needs to be separated; a connecting groove is symmetrically opened on the inner wall of the connecting rod.
  • the shape memory alloy wire is connected to the large shaft section of the casing, and the other end is connected to the top of the locking pin, and the shape memory alloy wire can be pulled to move by the heat shrinkage;
  • the locking core rod compresses the driving spring and constrains the position of the steel ball; the housing locks the connecting rod through the steel ball; the limit spring is located on the top of the locking pin and is in a compressed state, and its spring force makes the locking pin inserted The locking hole of the housing and the locking core rod locks the locking core rod.
  • the diameter of the shape memory alloy wire is ⁇ 0.2mm ⁇ 1mm.
  • the shape memory alloy wire when unlocking, the shape memory alloy wire is energized to heat up, deform and shrink after reaching the phase transition temperature, drive the locking pin to compress the limit spring to move, and withdraw from the locking hole of the locking core rod to release the restraint on the locking core rod.
  • the locking mandrel moves under the elastic force of the driving spring, and after the unlocking groove on the locking mandrel is aligned with the steel ball, the steel ball enters the unlocking groove of the locking mandrel under the pressure of the connecting rod, thereby releasing the alignment.
  • the locking of the connecting rod realizes the unlocking function.
  • the connecting groove is a trapezoidal groove, and the angle of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is 40° ⁇ 140°.
  • thermal shrinkage of the shape memory alloy wire is greater than the distance that the locking pin extends into the locking core rod.
  • the shrinkage rate of the shape memory alloy wire is greater than 3%.
  • the restoring force of the shape memory alloy wire is greater than 100 MPa.
  • shape memory alloy wire is connected to the large shaft section of the housing, and the other end is connected to the top of the locking pin.
  • the middle of the shape memory alloy wire is placed on the pulley block, and the locking pin can be pulled to move by heat shrinkage.
  • the number of connecting slots, unlocking holes and unlocking slots is the same, at least two.
  • the present invention adopts the structural form of the combination of the locking pin and the steel ball, and realizes the function of "strong connection and weak unlocking" through the gradual decrease of the load, and only needs a small initial drive while having a large connection bearing capacity.
  • Force can be unlocked; set the load between the casing and the connecting rod as F, then the first-level locking structure composed of the casing, the locking core rod, the steel ball, the connecting rod and the driving spring, the driving spring only needs to be no larger than
  • the elastic force of 0.15F can push the locking core rod to move and complete the unlocking of the connecting rod by the steel ball;
  • the present invention consists of a secondary locking structure consisting of a housing, a limit spring, a locking pin, a locking core rod and a shape memory alloy wire.
  • the shape memory alloy wire only needs a pulling force of not more than 0.02F to release the locking pin from the lock. Pull out from the hole to complete the unlocking of the locking core rod by the locking pin; therefore, the unlocking driving force of this structure is not greater than 1/50 of the connection bearing capacity;
  • the present invention uses shape memory alloy wire to provide the initial unlocking driving force in the unlocking link. While ensuring reliable unlocking, it can be used repeatedly for many times, and the unlocking impact is small. Usually, the number of repeated uses is not less than 50 times, and the unlocking impact is not less than 50 times. Not more than 200g.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram after unlocking of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the unlocking flow chart of the present invention.
  • a shape memory alloy-driven connection and unlocking structure includes a housing 1, a limit spring 2, a locking pin 3, a locking core rod 4, a steel ball 5, a connecting rod 6, a driving spring 7 and shape memory alloy wire 8;
  • the locking pin 3 is made of high-strength metal material, the hardness is not less than HRC35, the surface roughness is not higher than 1.6, and the friction force can be reduced by adding surface coating or applying grease.
  • the shell 1 is a revolving body structure. There is a compartment or component that needs to be separated on the shell 1.
  • the shell 1 includes a small shaft section and a large shaft section.
  • the small shaft section is a hollow blind hole structure.
  • the side wall is provided with symmetrically arranged unlocking holes, and the steel ball 5 can pass through the unlocking holes; a through hole is opened on the side wall of the small shaft section on one side of the blind hole, and the large shaft section is arranged on the small shaft section on the side of the blind hole.
  • the connecting groove is a trapezoidal groove, and the angle of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is 40° to 140°. Considering the performance, structure and process, the preferred angle is 80° to 100°.
  • the connecting groove and the unlocking groove are annular grooves or tapered holes; when they are tapered holes, the number of connecting grooves, unlocking holes and unlocking grooves is the same, at least two, and evenly distributed.
  • One end side wall of the locking core rod 4 is provided with a symmetrically arranged unlocking groove, and the other end is provided with a locking hole.
  • the locking hole corresponds to the through hole, the locking pin 3 can be inserted or passed out; the locking core rod 4 is placed in the shell In the small shaft section of the body 1, a driving spring 7 is arranged between the locking core rod 4 and the small shaft section;
  • the connecting rod 6 is a hollow revolving body structure, on which is connected another compartment or component that needs to be separated; a connecting groove is symmetrically opened on the inner wall of the connecting rod 6, and when the locking core rod 4 moves, the connecting groove, the unlocking hole and the The unlocking slot is coaxial at a certain time, and the steel ball 5 can enter the unlocking slot from the connecting slot and the unlocking hole;
  • the shape memory alloy wire 8 is connected to the large shaft section of the housing 1, and the other end is connected to the top of the locking pin 3.
  • the shape memory alloy wire 8 is heated and shrinks to pull the locking pin 3 to move; the diameter of the shape memory alloy wire is ⁇ 0.2mm ⁇ 1mm, preferably titanium-nickel memory alloy.
  • the locking core rod 4 compresses the driving spring 7 and constrains the position of the steel ball 5; the housing 1 locks the connecting rod 6 through the steel ball 5; the limit spring 2 is located on the locking pin 3 The top of the lock is in a compressed state, and its spring force causes the locking pin 3 to be inserted into the locking hole of the housing 1 and the locking core rod 4 to lock the locking core rod 4 .
  • the shape memory alloy wire 8 when unlocking, the shape memory alloy wire 8 is energized to heat up, and after reaching the phase transition temperature, the shape memory alloy wire 8 deforms and shrinks, and drives the locking pin 3 to compress the limit spring 2 to move, withdraw from the locking hole of the locking core rod 4, and release the lock Constraints of the mandrel 4.
  • the locking core rod 4 moves under the elastic force of the driving spring 7. After the unlocking groove on the locking core rod 4 is aligned with the steel ball 5, the steel ball 5 enters the unlocking groove of the locking core rod 4 under the pressure of the connecting rod 6. , so as to release the locking of the connecting rod 6 and realize the unlocking function.
  • the heat shrinkage of the shape memory alloy wire 8 is greater than the distance that the locking pin 3 extends into the locking core rod 4 .
  • the shrinkage rate of the shape memory alloy wire 8 is greater than 3%, and the restoring force of the shape memory alloy wire 8 is greater than 100 MPa.
  • the shape memory alloy wire 8 is connected to the large shaft section of the housing 1, and the other end is connected to the top of the locking pin 3.
  • the shape memory alloy wire 8 is placed on the pulley block in the middle, and the locking pin 3 can be pulled to move by thermal contraction.
  • the number of connecting slots, unlocking holes and unlocking slots should be the same, at least two.
  • the limit spring 2 is located on the top of the locking pin 3 and is in a compressed state. Locking; the locking core rod 4 compresses the driving spring 7 and constrains the position of the steel ball 5 ; the housing 1 locks the connecting rod 6 through the steel ball 5 .
  • the axial load between the shell 1 and the connecting rod 6 acts on the steel ball 5 through the inclined surface of the connecting groove on the connecting rod 6, and generates a positive pressure in the oblique direction on the steel ball 5; the steel ball 5 will The pressure is transmitted to the locking core rod 4 to generate a positive radial pressure on the locking core rod 4; since the parts are locked with each other and cannot produce relative movement, they can bear the axial load between the housing 1 and the connecting rod 6.
  • the invention adopts the combination of the steel ball lock structure and the locking pin structure, and has the function of "strong connection and weak unlocking" through the step-by-step transmission of the load.
  • the link can use shape memory alloy wire to provide driving force, which can be reused many times while ensuring reliable unlocking, and the unlocking impact is small.
  • a separation device is designed.
  • the connection and unlocking structure of the present invention is used inside the separation device, and a combination of a locking pin and a steel ball is adopted.
  • connection and unlocking structure used in the separation device are as follows: the connection and unlocking structure is driven by a titanium-nickel shape memory alloy wire, and the diameter of the memory alloy wire is ⁇ 0.5mm; the connection groove is a trapezoidal groove, and the angle of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is 85°;
  • the pin is made of high-strength alloy steel, with a hardness of HRC45-50, a surface roughness of 1.6, and is coated with molybdenum disulfide; the diameter of the steel ball is ⁇ 8mm, and the number is 4.
  • connection and unlocking structure used in the separation device is as follows: the load F of the connection and unlocking structure is 2800N, and the driving spring only needs an elastic force of 400N (0.14F) to push the locking core rod to move, completing the steel ball to unlock the connecting rod ; The shape memory alloy wire only needs a pulling force of 52N (0.019F) to pull out the locking pin from the locking hole and complete the unlocking of the locking core rod by the locking pin; therefore, the unlocking driving force of this structure is 1.9 of the connection bearing capacity. %; The separation device has been tested for 60 times of repeated unlocking, all of which can be unlocked reliably, and the maximum unlocking shock is 188g.

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Abstract

一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，包括壳体（1）、限位弹簧（2）、锁定销（3）、锁定芯杆（4）、钢球（5）、连接杆（6）、驱动弹簧（7）和形状记忆合金丝（8）；壳体（1）为回转体结构，壳体（1）上连接有一种需要分离的舱段或部件，壳体（1）包括小轴段和大轴段，小轴段为中空的盲孔结构，在小轴段的侧壁开有对称设置的解锁孔，钢球（5）可穿过解锁孔；在盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上开有通孔，大轴段设置在开有盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上，限位弹簧（2）的一端连接在大轴段内壁上，限位弹簧（2）的另一端与锁定销（3）接触；锁定芯杆（4）的一端侧壁上开有对称设置的解锁槽，另一端上开有锁定孔，锁定孔与通孔对应时，锁定销可穿入或穿出。在初始解锁环节可以采用形状记忆合金丝提供驱动力，在确保可靠解锁的同时，可多次重复使用，并且解锁冲击小。

Description

一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构
本申请要求于2020年11月3日提交中国专利局、申请号为202011212205.8、发明名称为“一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，尤其适用于星箭分离或星星分离中的非火工点式分离。
背景技术
点式分离技术是宇航型号和战略型号各系统完成解锁分离的主要技术之一。传统的点式分离装置主要为火工分离装置，包含爆炸螺栓、解锁螺栓、分离螺母、绑带式分离装置等。传统火工点式分离装置结构简单、工作时间短、同步性高，因此在航天领域一直沿用至今。
随着航天技术的快速发展，新型有效载荷越来越多的在地外空间中得到广泛应用，尤其是日趋精密化、多样化和柔性化的敏感器件和光学设备等。此类有效载荷对冲击和振动环境较为敏感，需要采用低冲击的点式分离、解锁装置。而传统点式分离装置是基于火工药剂的爆炸或燃烧，分离时不可避免地产生较大冲击，对设备造成一定影响；另外由于火工产品属于一次性使用产品，实际性能在使用前不可检、不可测的特点。
相对于火工分离装置，非火工点式分离装置具备低冲击、高安全、可重复使用和可检、可测的优点，在一些宇航任务中还有着其自身不可替代的优势。基于形状记忆合金的低冲击点式分离装置作为该领域内的研究热点，材料技术较成熟，也已经取得了丰富的研究成果，同时，采用形状记忆合金作为驱动源的点式分离装置具有响应时间相对较短，可重复使用的优点。
现有技术的非火工点式分离装置结构承载力小，在实际应用中使用局限性 很大。现今，基于形状记忆合金的非火工点式分离技术已经成为现今低冲击解锁分离技术发展的新方向，对于新型的连接解锁结构需求迫切。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提出一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，采用钢球锁结构和锁定销结构相组合的形式，通过载荷的逐级传递，在确保可靠解锁的同时，可多次重复使用，并且解锁冲击小。
本发明解决技术的方案是：
一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，包括壳体、限位弹簧、锁定销、锁定芯杆、钢球、连接杆、驱动弹簧和形状记忆合金丝；
壳体为回转体结构，壳体上连接有一种需要分离的舱段或部件，壳体包括小轴段和大轴段，小轴段为中空的盲孔结构，在小轴段的侧壁开有对称设置的解锁孔，钢球可穿过解锁孔；在盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上开有通孔，大轴段设置在开有盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上，限位弹簧的一端连接在大轴段内壁上，限位弹簧的另一端与锁定销接触；
锁定芯杆的一端侧壁上开有对称设置的解锁槽，另一端上开有锁定孔，锁定孔与通孔对应时，锁定销可穿入或穿出；锁定芯杆置于壳体的小轴段中，锁定芯杆与小轴段之间设置有驱动弹簧；
连接杆为中空的回转体结构，其上连接有另一种需要分离的舱段或部件；在连接杆内壁上对称开有连接槽，锁定芯杆运动时，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽在某一时刻实现同轴，钢球可由连接槽和解锁孔中进入解锁槽中；
形状记忆合金丝连接在壳体的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销顶部上，形状记忆合金丝受热收缩可拉动锁定销运动；
初始状态，锁定芯杆将驱动弹簧压缩并对钢球的位置进行约束；壳体通过钢球对连接杆进行锁定；限位弹簧位于锁定销的顶部并处于压缩状态，其弹簧弹力使锁定销插入壳体与锁定芯杆的锁定孔，对锁定芯杆进行锁定。
进一步的，形状记忆合金丝的直径为Φ0.2mm～Φ1mm。
进一步的，解锁时，形状记忆合金丝通电升温，达到相变温度后变形收缩，带动锁定销压缩限位弹簧运动，从锁定芯杆的锁定孔内退出，解除对锁定芯杆的约束。
进一步的，锁定芯杆在驱动弹簧的弹力作用下运动，锁定芯杆上的解锁槽与钢球对正后，钢球在连接杆的压力作用下进入锁定芯杆的解锁槽内，从而解除对连接杆的锁定，实现解锁功能。
进一步的，连接槽为梯形槽，梯形槽底角度数为40°～140°。
进一步的，形状记忆合金丝的受热收缩量大于锁定销伸入锁定芯杆的距离。
进一步的，形状记忆合金丝的收缩率大于3％。
进一步的，形状记忆合金丝的回复力大于100MPa。
进一步的，形状记忆合金丝连接在壳体的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销顶部上，形状记忆合金丝中间搭在滑轮组上，受热收缩可拉动锁定销运动。
进一步的，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽数量一致，至少两个。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：
(1)本发明采用锁定销和钢球相组合的结构形式，通过载荷的逐级递减，实现“强连接、弱解锁”功能，在具备较大连接承载力的同时只需要较小的初始驱动力即可实现解锁；设壳体和连接杆之间承受的载荷为F，则由壳体、锁定芯杆、钢球、连接杆和驱动弹簧组成的一级锁定结构，驱动弹簧只需要不大于0.15F的弹力即可推动锁定芯杆运动，完成钢球对连接杆的解锁；
(2)本发明由壳体、限位弹簧、锁定销、锁定芯杆和形状记忆合金丝组成的二级锁定结构，形状记忆合金丝只需要不大于0.02F的拉力即可将锁定销从锁定孔中拔出，完成锁定销对锁定芯杆的解锁；因此，该结构的解锁驱动力不大于连接承载力的1/50；
(3)本发明在解锁环节采用形状记忆合金丝提供初始解锁驱动力，在确保可靠解锁的同时，可多次重复使用，并且解锁冲击小，通常，可重复使用次数不小于50次，解锁冲击不大于200g。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构简图；
图2为本发明解锁后结构示意图；
图3为本发明解锁流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，如图1、2所示，包括壳体1、限位弹簧2、锁定销3、锁定芯杆4、钢球5、连接杆6、驱动弹簧7和形状记忆合金丝8；
锁定销3为高强度金属材料，硬度不小于HRC35，表面粗糙度不高于1.6，且可通过增加表面涂层或涂润滑脂等方法降低摩擦力。
壳体1为回转体结构，壳体1上连接有一种需要分离的舱段或部件，壳体1包括小轴段和大轴段，小轴段为中空的盲孔结构，在小轴段的侧壁开有对称设置的解锁孔，钢球5可穿过解锁孔；在盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上开有通孔，大轴段设置在开有盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上，限位弹簧2的一端连接在大轴段内壁上，限位弹簧2的另一端与锁定销3接触；
连接槽为梯形槽，梯形槽底角度数为40°～140°，从性能、结构及工艺方面考虑，优选的角度数为80°～100°。
连接槽和解锁槽为环形槽或锥形孔；当为锥形孔时，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽数量一致，至少两个，均匀分布。
锁定芯杆4的一端侧壁上开有对称设置的解锁槽，另一端上开有锁定孔，锁定孔与通孔对应时，锁定销3可穿入或穿出；锁定芯杆4置于壳体1的小轴段中，锁定芯杆4与小轴段之间设置有驱动弹簧7；
连接杆6为中空的回转体结构，其上连接有另一种需要分离的舱段或部件；在连接杆6内壁上对称开有连接槽，锁定芯杆4运动时，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽在某一时刻实现同轴，钢球5可由连接槽和解锁孔中进入解锁槽中；
形状记忆合金丝8连接在壳体1的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销3顶部上，形状记忆合金丝8受热收缩可拉动锁定销3运动；形状记忆合金丝的直径为Φ0.2mm～Φ1mm，优选钛镍记忆合金。
如图1所示，初始状态，锁定芯杆4将驱动弹簧7压缩并对钢球5的位置进行约束；壳体1通过钢球5对连接杆6进行锁定；限位弹簧2位于锁定销3的顶部并处于压缩状态，其弹簧弹力使锁定销3插入壳体1与锁定芯杆4的锁定孔，对锁定芯杆4进行锁定。
如图2所示，解锁时，形状记忆合金丝8通电升温，达到相变温度后变形收缩，带动锁定销3压缩限位弹簧2运动，从锁定芯杆4的锁定孔内退出，解除对锁定芯杆4的约束。
锁定芯杆4在驱动弹簧7的弹力作用下运动，锁定芯杆4上的解锁槽与钢球5对正后，钢球5在连接杆6的压力作用下进入锁定芯杆4的解锁槽内，从而解除对连接杆6的锁定，实现解锁功能。
形状记忆合金丝8的受热收缩量大于锁定销3伸入锁定芯杆4的距离。形状记忆合金丝8的收缩率大于3％，形状记忆合金丝8的回复力大于100MPa。
形状记忆合金丝8连接在壳体1的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销3顶部上，形状记忆合金丝8中间搭在滑轮组上，受热收缩可拉动锁定销3运动。
连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽数量一致，至少两个。
如图3所示，初始状态，限位弹簧2位于锁定销3的顶部并处于压缩状态，其弹簧弹力使锁定销3插入壳体1与锁定芯杆4的锁定孔，对锁定芯杆4进行锁定；锁定芯杆4将驱动弹簧7压缩并对钢球5的位置进行约束；壳体1通过钢球5对连接杆6进行锁定。在承载状态下，壳体1和连接杆6之间的轴向载荷通过连接杆6上连接槽的斜面作用在钢球5上，对钢球5产生斜向里的正压力；钢球5将该压力传递到锁定芯杆4，对锁定芯杆4产生径向的正压力；由于各零件相互锁定无法产生相对运动，从而能够承受壳体1和连接杆6之间的轴向载荷。
本发明采用钢球锁结构和锁定销结构相组合的形式，通过载荷的逐级传递，具有“强连接、弱解锁”功能，在具备较大承载力的同时初始解锁力小，因此在初始解锁环节可以采用形状记忆合金丝提供驱动力，在确保可靠解锁的同时，可多次重复使用，并且解锁冲击小。
实施例
针对某宇航飞行器上某载荷连接释放的需求，设计了一个分离装置，该分离装置内部使用了本发明的连接解锁结构，采用了锁定销和钢球相组合的结构形式，通过载荷的逐级递减，使用形状记忆合金提供初始解锁驱动力，实现了“强连接、弱解锁”功能，满足飞行器上载荷的连接释放需求。该分离装置所用的连接解锁结构主要参数如下：连接解锁结构使用钛镍形状记忆合金丝进行驱动，记忆合金丝直径为Φ0.5mm；连接槽为梯形槽，梯形槽底角度数为85°；锁定销为高强度合金钢，硬度HRC45～50，表面粗糙度1.6并涂覆了二硫化钼；钢球直径为Φ8mm，数量为4个。
该分离装置所用的连接解锁结构达到的效果如下：连接解锁结构承受的载荷F为2800N，驱动弹簧只需要400N(0.14F)的弹力即可推动锁定芯杆运动，完成钢球对连接杆的解锁；形状记忆合金丝只需要52N(0.019F)的拉力即可将锁定销从锁定孔中拔出，完成锁定销对锁定芯杆的解锁；因此，该结构的解锁驱动力为连接承载力的1.9％；该分离装置进行了60次的重复解锁测试，均能够可靠解锁，其中的最大解锁冲击为188g。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，包括壳体(1)、限位弹簧(2)、锁定销(3)、锁定芯杆(4)、钢球(5)、连接杆(6)、驱动弹簧(7)和形状记忆合金丝(8)；
    壳体(1)为回转体结构，壳体(1)上连接有一种需要分离的舱段或部件，壳体(1)包括小轴段和大轴段，小轴段为中空的盲孔结构，在小轴段的侧壁开有对称设置的解锁孔，钢球(5)可穿过解锁孔；在盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上开有通孔，大轴段设置在开有盲孔一侧小轴段的侧壁上，限位弹簧(2)的一端连接在大轴段内壁上，限位弹簧(2)的另一端与锁定销(3)接触；
    锁定芯杆(4)的一端侧壁上开有对称设置的解锁槽，另一端上开有锁定孔，锁定孔与通孔对应时，锁定销(3)可穿入或穿出；锁定芯杆(4)置于壳体(1)的小轴段中，锁定芯杆(4)与小轴段之间设置有驱动弹簧(7)；
    连接杆(6)为中空的回转体结构，其上连接有另一种需要分离的舱段或部件；在连接杆(6)内壁上对称开有连接槽，锁定芯杆(4)运动时，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽在某一时刻实现同轴，钢球(5)可由连接槽和解锁孔中进入解锁槽中；
    形状记忆合金丝(8)一端连接在壳体(1)的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销(3)顶部上，形状记忆合金丝(8)受热收缩拉动锁定销(3)运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，形状记忆合金丝的直径为Φ0.2mm～Φ1mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，解锁时，形状记忆合金丝(8)通电升温，达到相变温度后变形收缩，带动锁定销(3)压缩限位弹簧(2)运动，从锁定芯杆(4)的锁定孔内退出，解除对锁定芯杆(4)的约束。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，锁定芯杆(4)在驱动弹簧(7)的弹力作用下运动，锁定芯杆(4) 上的解锁槽与钢球(5)对正后，钢球(5)在连接杆(6)的压力作用下进入锁定芯杆(4)的解锁槽内，从而解除对连接杆(6)的锁定，实现解锁功能。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，连接槽为梯形槽，梯形槽底角度数为40°～140°。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，形状记忆合金丝(8)的受热收缩量大于锁定销(3)伸入锁定芯杆(4)的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，形状记忆合金丝(8)的收缩率大于3％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，形状记忆合金丝(8)的回复力大于100MPa。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，形状记忆合金丝(8)一端连接在壳体(1)的大轴段上，另一端连接在锁定销(3)顶部上，形状记忆合金丝(8)两端之间任意区域搭在滑轮组上，受热收缩可拉动锁定销(3)运动。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，连接槽和解锁槽为环形槽或锥形孔；当为锥形孔时，连接槽、解锁孔和解锁槽数量一致，至少两个，均匀分布。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，初始状态，限位弹簧(2)位于锁定销(3)的顶部并处于压缩状态，其弹簧弹力使锁定销(3)插入壳体(1)与锁定芯杆(4)的锁定孔，对锁定芯杆(4)进行锁定；锁定芯杆(4)将驱动弹簧(7)压缩并对钢球(5)的位置进行约束；壳体(1)通过钢球(5)及连接杆(6)上的连接槽对连接杆(6)进行锁定。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，在承载状态下，壳体(1)和连接杆(6)之间的轴向载荷通过连接 杆(6)上连接槽的斜面作用在钢球(5)上，对钢球(5)产生斜向里的正压力；钢球(5)将该压力传递到锁定芯杆(4)，对锁定芯杆(4)产生径向的正压力，由于各零件相互锁定不产生相对运动，从而能够承受壳体(1)和连接杆(6)之间的轴向载荷。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种形状记忆合金驱动的连接解锁结构，其特征在于，锁定销(3)为高强度金属材料，硬度不小于HRC35，表面粗糙度不高于1.6，且通过增加表面涂层或涂润滑脂降低摩擦力。
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