WO2022095315A1 - 一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2022095315A1
WO2022095315A1 PCT/CN2021/080050 CN2021080050W WO2022095315A1 WO 2022095315 A1 WO2022095315 A1 WO 2022095315A1 CN 2021080050 W CN2021080050 W CN 2021080050W WO 2022095315 A1 WO2022095315 A1 WO 2022095315A1
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rechargeable battery
supercapacitor
charging
super capacitor
charge
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PCT/CN2021/080050
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English (en)
French (fr)
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智鹏飞
杨晔
朱琬璐
邱海洋
王慧
朱志宇
王伟然
吴云凯
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江苏科技大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of hybrid energy storage, in particular to a method and device for controlling and managing charge and discharge of SC-Li-SC hybrid energy storage.
  • Rechargeable batteries have high energy density and long service life, and can be used as energy storage devices in current power grids, but their excellent performance is premised on safety costs.
  • the voltage and current requirements of the rechargeable battery are strict during the charging process, and the safety is greatly reduced in the charging environment with large voltage fluctuations.
  • the application to the new energy power generation with random charging power and large fluctuation will inevitably damage the internal structure of the rechargeable battery and reduce the service life.
  • supercapacitors As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitors have a high withstand voltage range, and can be charged and discharged quickly. The entire charging and discharging process does not involve chemical reactions, and the price is relatively low. However, the electrical energy stored by supercapacitors is much lower than that of rechargeable batteries.
  • a hybrid energy storage device composed of a supercapacitor and a rechargeable battery uses the high withstand voltage characteristics of the supercapacitor at the input end, and the rechargeable battery at the output end acts as the main large-capacity energy storage element, which can stably store and output electrical energy.
  • This hybrid energy storage device solves the problem of strict charging requirements for rechargeable batteries on the one hand, and solves the problem that supercapacitors are not suitable for energy storage on the other hand.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hybrid energy storage control and management method and device that can safely and efficiently charge and discharge in a power grid with unstable charging power and large fluctuation.
  • the present invention provides a charge and discharge control and management method and device for SC-Li-SC hybrid energy storage.
  • the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
  • a charge-discharge control device for SC-Li-SC hybrid energy storage comprising at least two supercapacitors, at least one rechargeable battery, a current sensor equal to that of the supercapacitor, a controller and a power generating device, wherein the power generating device charges the supercapacitor,
  • the supercapacitor is connected with the current sensor and the rechargeable battery in turn, and the supercapacitors are connected in parallel, and the controller is used to control the work of each component.
  • it also includes a voltage stabilizing device and a voltage sensor, the voltage stabilizing device is connected between the super capacitor and the rechargeable battery, and the voltage sensor is connected to the super capacitor for real-time monitoring of the voltage of the super capacitor.
  • a charge-discharge control method for SC-Li-SC hybrid energy storage characterized in that:
  • Step 1 Charge one of the supercapacitors by the power generation device. When the supercapacitor is fully charged, the power generation device charges the next supercapacitor, and the fully charged supercapacitor discharges the rechargeable battery;
  • Step 2 Set the charging current threshold I min of the rechargeable battery, detect the corresponding charging current I cx by the current sensor corresponding to the super capacitor, compare I cx and I min , and simultaneously detect whether the power SOC of the super capacitor being charged reaches the maximum charging capacity SOCmax ;
  • Step 3 When I cx is less than I min and the SOC is equal to SOC max , switch another super capacitor to charge the rechargeable battery, and return to step 2 when the aforementioned conditions are met;
  • Step 4 When I cx is less than I min and the SOC is less than SOC max , the rechargeable battery alone supplies power to the load, and returns to step 1 .
  • the step 1 includes the following steps:
  • Step 1-1 Use the super capacitor SC1 to receive the unstable electric energy from the new energy power generation, that is, to charge the SC1;
  • Step 1-2 Check whether the super capacitor SC1 is fully charged, if not, continue to charge; if so, go to the next step;
  • Step 1-3 Stop charging the super capacitor SC1 and perform steps 1-5;
  • Steps 1-4 Use the super capacitor SC2 to receive the unstable electric energy from the new energy power generation, that is, to charge the SC2;
  • Steps 1-5 The supercapacitor SC1 begins to discharge to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • the steps 2 to 4 include the following steps:
  • Step 2-1 The current sensor 1 detects whether the current value I c1s of the supercapacitor SC1 flowing to the rechargeable battery is less than the charging current threshold I min of the rechargeable battery, and controls the charging current I c1s to be within the safe charging current range of the rechargeable battery, if not, Continue charging; if yes, go to step 2-2;
  • Step 2-2 The supercapacitor SC1 stops discharging, and performs steps 2-3 at the same time;
  • Step 2-3 Check whether the super capacitor SC2 is fully charged, if not, go to step 2-4; if yes, go to step 2-5.
  • Step 2-4 Continue to charge the super capacitor SC2, and return to step 2-3;
  • Step 2-5 The supercapacitor SC2 stops charging and begins to discharge to the rechargeable battery; at the same time, the supercapacitor SC1 receives unstable power from new energy generation;
  • Step 2-6 The current sensor 2 detects whether the current value I c2s of the supercapacitor SC2 flowing to the rechargeable battery is less than the charging current threshold I min of the rechargeable battery, and controls the charging current I c2s to be within the safe charging current range of the rechargeable battery, if not, The supercapacitor SC2 continues to discharge; if so, go to steps 2-7.
  • Step 2-7 Super capacitor SC2 stops discharging and jumps to step 1.
  • the controller judges whether the terminal voltage of the super capacitor is close to the rated voltage according to the voltage sensor of the two parallel sections of the super capacitor. If so, the charging of the super capacitor by the new energy generator is completed. The charging of the supercapacitor is not complete.
  • it also includes setting a charging power threshold and a discharging power threshold of the rechargeable battery, stopping charging when the charging capacity of the rechargeable battery reaches the threshold, and stopping discharging when the discharging capacity of the rechargeable battery reaches the threshold.
  • the charging time of the supercapacitor SC1 (the time from the start of charging until the terminal voltage of the supercapacitor SC1 tends to its rated voltage) as T 0
  • the charging time of the supercapacitor SC2 (from the start of charging to the supercapacitor)
  • T 2c the discharge time of the super capacitor SC1 and the super capacitor SC2 after being stabilized by the voltage stabilizer (starting to discharge until the current sensor detects
  • the time when the current size tends to 0) is T d .
  • it also includes
  • T 1 max ⁇ (T 0 +T d ), (T 0 +T 2c ) ⁇
  • T 2 max ⁇ (T 1 +T 0 ), (T 1 +T d ) ⁇
  • the purpose of using the max() function is to prevent the controller from switching the power generation device to charge the supercapacitor in the following two states: 1. a certain supercapacitor has been charged, while the other supercapacitors have not yet been discharged; 2. a certain supercapacitor has The discharge is complete, while the additional supercapacitor charging is not yet complete. Considering the randomness of power fluctuations at the power generation end, this situation is bound to exist.
  • the electric energy with strong randomness and large fluctuation range generated from new energy power generation is smoothed by the super capacitor, and then provided to the rechargeable battery for storage, so that the rechargeable battery originally working in the harsh charging environment has a relatively stable and safe charging environment.
  • the service life and use safety of the rechargeable battery are improved, and the number of cycles of charging and discharging of the rechargeable battery is increased.
  • the charging capacity threshold of the rechargeable battery is reasonably set, so that the discharge voltage of the rechargeable battery is stable and does not produce overcharge and overdischarge.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the charging and discharging control device of the hybrid energy storage of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the original power generation curve of a wind farm
  • Fig. 3 is the output power curve of the large-capacity rechargeable battery after applying this patent
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention for storing electric energy generated by new energy sources
  • Fig. 5 is the flow chart of supercapacitor charging mode 1 in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the flow chart of supercapacitor charging mode 2 in the present invention.
  • Step 1 Switch to supercapacitor charging mode 1: Use supercapacitor SC1 to receive unstable power from new energy generation (to charge SC1)
  • Step 2 Check whether the super capacitor SC1 is fully charged, if not, go to Step 3; if yes, go to Step 4.
  • Step 3 Continue to charge the supercapacitor SC1.
  • Step 4 The supercapacitor SC1 stops charging and goes to Step 5.
  • Step 5 Switch to supercapacitor charging mode 2: Use supercapacitor SC2 to receive unstable power generated by wind power (to charge SC2).
  • Step 6 Switch the whole device to the rechargeable battery charging mode 1: The super capacitor SC2 stops discharging to charge the rechargeable battery, and the super capacitor SC1 is ready to start discharging to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • Step 7 The supercapacitor SC1 begins to discharge (starts to charge the rechargeable battery).
  • Step 8 The current sensor 1 detects whether the current value I c1s of the supercapacitor SC1 flowing to the rechargeable battery is less than the charging current threshold I min of the rechargeable battery, and controls the charging current I c1s to be within the safe charging current range of the rechargeable battery, if not, execute Step 9; if yes, go to Step 10.
  • Step 9 The supercapacitor SC1 continues to discharge.
  • Step 10 The supercapacitor SC1 stops discharging, and step 11 is executed.
  • Step 11 Switch the device to rechargeable battery charging mode 2: Supercapacitor SC1 stops discharging to charge the rechargeable battery, and supercapacitor SC2 is ready to start discharging to charge the rechargeable battery
  • Step 12 Check whether the super capacitor SC2 is fully charged, if not, go to Step 13 ; if yes, go to Step 14 .
  • Step 13 Continue to charge the supercapacitor SC2.
  • Step 14 The supercapacitor SC2 stops charging and step 15 is executed.
  • Step 15 Switch to supercapacitor charging mode 1: Use supercapacitor SC1 to receive unstable power from new energy generation (to charge SC1)
  • Step 16 The supercapacitor SC2 begins to discharge (starts to charge the rechargeable battery).
  • Step 17 The current sensor 2 detects whether the current value I c2s of the supercapacitor SC2 flowing to the rechargeable battery is less than the charging current threshold I min of the rechargeable battery, and controls the charging current I c2s to be within the safe charging current range of the rechargeable battery. If not, execute Step 18; if yes, go to step 19.
  • Step 18 The supercapacitor SC2 continues to discharge.
  • Step 19 The supercapacitor SC2 stops discharging and step 20 is executed.
  • Step 20 Skip to Step 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置，涉及混合储能领域，该装置包括超级电容、充电电池、稳压装置、电流传感器、控制器，该方法包括平缓随机性强、波动幅度大的充电功率的方法、判断单个超级电容给充电电池充电是否完成的方法，切换超级电容使其高效充放电的方法，充电电池近似稳压放电的方法。所述电流传感器用于检测超级电容给充电电池充电时的电流，所述控制器根据所述超级电容和所述充电电池间的电流，控制所述超级电容SC1和所述超级电容SC2工作状态。本发明通过相应的控制策略，利用超级电容和充电电池各自性能优点，使整个混合储能装置能够在新能源发电功率不稳定、波动幅度大的条件下稳定安全的充放电能。

Description

一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及混合储能领域，特别涉及一种SC-Li-SC混合储能充放电控制与管理方法及装置。
背景技术
随着我国新能源发电装机量的不断提高，新能源作为分布式能源接入电网，其中风、光能作为新能源发电，其发电功率随机性强、间歇性明显波动幅度大、波动频率无规律，势必会给电网运行、调度、控制等方面带来负面的影响，为此，储能技术的发展成为解决此问题的有效手段。单一的储能装置已经无法安全高效的应用于新能源发电储能中。
充电电池拥有高能量密度且使用寿命长，可以应用于目前电网中作为储能装置，但其优秀的性能是以安全代价为前提。充电电池充电过程中电压、电流要求严格，在大电压波动的充电环境中安全性大大降低，应用到充电功率随机、波动性大的新能源发电中势必会损害充电电池内部结构，减少使用寿命。超级电容作为新型的储能元件拥有很高的耐压范围，且充放电快速，整个充放电过程不涉及化学反应，价格也相对低廉，但是超级电容存储的电能相比于充电电池要低很多，且自放电率很高，不适合长期储能。超级电容和充电电池组成的混合储能装置，其输入端利用了超级电容的高耐压特性，输出端的充电电池作为主要大容量储能元件，能够稳定的存储输出电能。这种混合储能装置一方面解决了充电电池充电要求严苛的问题，另一方面又解决了超级电容不适合储能的问题。尽管超级电容和充电电池组成的混合储能系统优势引人注目，但是系统本身复杂的电源管理策略还需要我们进一步探究。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能在充电功率不稳定、波动性大的电网中安全高效充放电的混合储能控制与管理方法及装置。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制装置，包括至少两个超级电容、至少一个充电电池、与超级电容等量的电流传感器、控制器和发电装置，发电装置为超级电容充电，超级电容与电流传感器及充电电池依次连接，超级电容之间并联，控制器用于控制各部件的工作。
优选的，还包括稳压装置及电压传感器，稳压装置连接在超级电容与充电电池之间，电压传感器连接在超级电容上用于实时监测超级电容电压。
一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：
步骤1、由发电装置给其中一个超级电容充电，当该超级电容充满后，发电装置向下一个超级电容充电，已经充满电的超级电容对充电电池放电；
步骤2、设充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，由超级电容对应的电流传感器检测对应的充电电流I cx,比较I cx与I min，同时检测正在充电的超级电容的电量SOC是否达到最大充电量SOC max；
步骤3、当I cx小于I min，且SOC等于SOC max，切换另外一个超级电容为充电电池充电，满足前述条件时返回步骤2；
步骤4、当I cx小于I min，且SOC小于SOC max，由充电电池单独向负载供电，并返回步骤1。
优选的，所述步骤1包括如下步骤：
步骤1-1：用超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能即对SC1进行充电；
步骤1-2：检测超级电容SC1是否充满，如果否，则继续充电；如果是，则执行下一步；
步骤1-3：超级电容SC1停止充电并执行步骤1-5；
步骤1-4：用超级电容SC2接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能即对SC2进行充电；
步骤1-5：超级电容SC1开始放电给所述充电电池充电。
优选的，所述步骤2至4包括如下步骤：
步骤2-1：电流传感器1检测超级电容SC1流向充电电池的电流值I c1s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c1s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，则继续充电；如果是，则执行步骤2-2；
步骤2-2：超级电容SC1停止放电，并同时执行步骤2-3；
步骤2-3：检测超级电容SC2是否充满，如果否，则执行步骤2-4；如果是，则执行步骤2-5。
步骤2-4：对超级电容SC2继续充电，返回步骤2-3；
步骤2-5：超级电容SC2停止充电并开始向充电电池放电；与此同时，超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能；
步骤2-6：电流传感器2检测超级电容SC2流向充电电池的电流值I c2s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c2s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，超级电容SC2继续放电；如果是，则执行步骤2-7。
步骤2-7：超级电容SC2停止放电并跳转至步骤1。
优选的，控制器根据超级电容两段并联的电压传感器判断所述超级电容端电压是否趋于额定电压，若是则新能源发电机对所述超级电容的充电完成，若否则新能源发电机对所述超级电容的充电未完成。
优选的，还包括设定充电电池的充电电量阈值和放电电量阈值，当充电电池的充电量达到阈值时停止充电，当充电电池的放电量达到阈值时停止放电。
优选地，包括设所述超级电容SC1充电时间(充电开始至所述超级电容器SC1端电压趋于其额定电压的用时)为T 0，所述超级电容SC2充电时间(充电开始至所述超级电容器SC2端电压趋于其额定电压的用时)为T 2c，所述超级电容SC1和所述超级电容SC2在经所述稳压装置稳压后的放电时间(开始放电至所述电流传感器检测到的电流大小趋于0时)的时间均为T d。
优选地，还包括令
T 1＝max{(T 0+T d)，(T 0+T 2c)}
T 2＝max{(T 1+T 0)，(T 1+T d)}
Figure PCTCN2021080050-appb-000001
利用max()函数的目的是为了避免控制器在以下两种状态切换发电装置对超级电容的充电：1某一个超级电容已经充电完成，而另外的超级电容放电尚未完成；2某一个超级电容已经放电完成，而另外的超级电容充电尚未完成。考虑到发电端功率波动的随机性，这种情况是必定存在的。
所述切换超级电容使其高效充放电的方法是指控制方法根据时间为约束条件，将所述超级电容状态及对应决策分为五个阶段：阶段1的约束条件为t<T 0，所述控制器保持所述超级电容SC1充电，所述超级电容SC2不工作；临界状态1的约束条件为t＝T 0，所述控制器切换至所述超级电容SC1放电，所述超级电容SC2充电；阶段2的约束条件为T 0<t<T 1，所述控制器保持所述超级电容SC1放电，所述超级电容SC2充电；临界状态2的约束条件为t＝T 1,所述控制器切换至所述超级电容SC1充电，所述超级电容SC2放电；阶段3的约束条件为T 1<t<T 2，所述控制器保持所述超级电容SC1充电，所述超级电容SC2放电。
表1超级电容状态及对应决策
Figure PCTCN2021080050-appb-000002
有益效果
(1)通过超级电容平缓来自新能源发电产生的随机性强、波动幅度大的电能，再提供给充电电池存储，使原本工作在恶劣充电环境下的充电电池有了相对稳定安全的充电环境，提高了充电电池的使用寿命和使用安全性，增加了充电电池的循环充放电次数。
(2)使用两个超级电容交替工作并配合协调控制策略，使其中一个超级电容放电的同时，另外一个充电。相比与单个超级电容充完电再放电，这种控制策略提高了充电电池的充电效率，并且减少了电能的损失。此外，两个超级电容工作过程中若其中一个发生故障，另外的超级电容还可以起到平缓电能的作用，不至于无法储能，并且超级电容原理简单，易于维护。
(3)根据充电电池放电电压随SOC的变化曲线和充电电池过充与过放保护策略合理设定充电电池充电电量阈值，从而使充电电池放电电压平稳且不会产生过充过放。
附图说明
图1为本发明混合储能的充放电控制装置结构图；
图2为某风电场原始发电功率曲线；
图3为应用本专利后的大容量充电电池输出功率曲线；
图4本发明存储新能源发电的电能的流程图；
图5为本发明中超级电容充电模式1的流程图；
图6为本发明中超级电容充电模式2的流程图；
图7为本发明中充电电池充电模式1的流程图；
图8为本发明中充电电池充电模式2的流程图；
图9超级电容状态转换图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员能更进一步了解本发明的特征及技术内容,下面结合流程图和实施方式对本发明实施例作详细说明。
步骤1：切换至超级电容充电模式1：用超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能(对SC1进行充电)
步骤2：检测超级电容SC1是否充满，如果否，则执行步骤3；如果是，则执行步骤4。
步骤3：对超级电容SC1继续充电。
步骤4：超级电容SC1停止充电并执行步骤5。
步骤5：切换至超级电容充电模式2：用超级电容SC2接受风力发电的不稳定电能(对SC2进行充电)。
步骤6：切换整个装置处于充电电池充电模式1：超级电容SC2停止放电给所述充电电池充电，超级电容SC1准备开始放电给所述充电电池充电。
步骤7：超级电容SC1开始放电(开始对充电电池进行充电)。
步骤8：电流传感器1检测超级电容SC1流向充电电池的电流值I c1s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c1s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，则执行步骤9；如果是，则执行步骤10。
步骤9：超级电容SC1继续放电。
步骤10：超级电容SC1停止放电，并执行步骤11。
步骤11：切换装置至充电电池充电模式2：超级电容SC1停止放电给所述充电电池充电，超级电容SC2准备开始放电给所述充电电池充电
步骤12：检测超级电容SC2是否充满，如果否，则执行步骤13；如果是，则执行步骤14。
步骤13：对超级电容SC2继续充电。
步骤14：超级电容SC2停止充电并执行步骤15。
步骤15：切换至超级电容充电模式1：用超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能(对SC1进行充电)
步骤16：超级电容SC2开始放电(开始对充电电池进行充电)。
步骤17：电流传感器2检测超级电容SC2流向充电电池的电流值I c2s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c2s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，则执行步骤18；如果是，则执行步骤19。
步骤18：超级电容SC2继续放电。
步骤19：超级电容SC2停止放电并执行步骤20。
步骤20：跳转至步骤1。
当整个装置处于工作状态时，使充电电池当前电量始终在(SOC min,SOC max)内。
结合某风力发电厂某日8-17时风力发电历史数据数据，如下图2所示，在采用本专利公开的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制与管理方法及装置后，大容量充电电池实时输出曲线如下图3所示。从图中明显可以看出本专利公开SC-Li-SC混合储能的 充放电控制与管理方法及装置介入后，大容量储能充电电池输出的功率局部相对于原始风力发电功率波动明显减小，且经多次试验表明，大容量储能充电电池的输出功率的局部波动与超级电容单元的切换时间控制密切相关。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制装置，其特征在于，包括至少两个超级电容、至少一个充电电池、与超级电容等量的电流传感器、控制器和发电装置，发电装置为超级电容充电，超级电容与电流传感器及充电电池依次连接，超级电容之间并联，控制器用于控制各部件的工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制装置，其特征在于，还包括稳压装置及电压传感器，稳压装置连接在超级电容与充电电池之间，电压传感器连接在超级电容上用于实时监测超级电容电压。
  3. 一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：
    步骤1、由发电装置给其中一个超级电容充电，当该超级电容充满后，发电装置向下一个超级电容充电，已经充满电的超级电容对充电电池放电；
    步骤2、设充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，由超级电容对应的电流传感器检测对应的充电电流I cx,比较I cx与I min，同时检测正在充电的超级电容的电量SOC是否达到最大充电量SOC max；
    步骤3、当I cx小于I min，且SOC等于SOC max，切换另外一个超级电容为充电电池充电，满足前述条件时返回步骤2；
    步骤4、当I cx小于I min，且SOC小于SOC max，由充电电池单独向负载供电，并返回步骤1。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1包括如下步骤：
    步骤1-1：用超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能即对SC1进行充电；
    步骤1-2：检测超级电容SC1是否充满，如果否，则继续充电；如果是，则执行下一步；
    步骤1-3：超级电容SC1停止充电并执行步骤1-5；
    步骤1-4：用超级电容SC2接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能即对SC2进行充电；
    步骤1-5：超级电容SC1开始放电给所述充电电池充电。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2至4包括如下步骤：
    步骤2-1：电流传感器1检测超级电容SC1流向充电电池的电流值I c1s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c1s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，则继续充电；如果是，则执行步骤2-2；
    步骤2-2：超级电容SC1停止放电，并同时执行步骤2-3；
    步骤2-3：检测超级电容SC2是否充满，如果否，则执行步骤2-4；如果是，则执行步骤2-5。
    步骤2-4：对超级电容SC2继续充电，返回步骤2-3；
    步骤2-5：超级电容SC2停止充电并开始向充电电池放电；与此同时，超级电容SC1接收来自新能源发电的不稳定电能；
    步骤2-6：电流传感器2检测超级电容SC2流向充电电池的电流值I c2s是否小于充电电池的充电电流阈值I min，并控制充电电流I c2s在充电电池的安全充电电流范围内，如果否，超级电容SC2继续放电；如果是，则执行步骤2-7。
    步骤2-7：超级电容SC2停止放电并跳转至步骤1。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：控制器根据超级电容两段并联的电压传感器判断所述超级电容端电压是否趋于额定电压， 若是则新能源发电机对所述超级电容的充电完成，若否则新能源发电机对所述超级电容的充电未完成。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种SC-Li-SC混合储能的充放电控制方法，其特征在于：还包括设定充电电池的充电电量阈值和放电电量阈值，当充电电池的充电量达到阈值时停止充电，当充电电池的放电量达到阈值时停止放电。
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