WO2022088833A1 - 用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置 - Google Patents

用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088833A1
WO2022088833A1 PCT/CN2021/111709 CN2021111709W WO2022088833A1 WO 2022088833 A1 WO2022088833 A1 WO 2022088833A1 CN 2021111709 W CN2021111709 W CN 2021111709W WO 2022088833 A1 WO2022088833 A1 WO 2022088833A1
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Prior art keywords
network element
data packets
media stream
data packet
data
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PCT/CN2021/111709
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘奇
黄正磊
倪慧
李永翠
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP21884565.9A priority Critical patent/EP4216499A4/en
Publication of WO2022088833A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088833A1/zh
Priority to US18/307,693 priority patent/US20230275698A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1642—Formats specially adapted for sequence numbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0055—Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0064—Rate requirement of the data, e.g. scalable bandwidth, data priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
    • H04W72/569—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient of the traffic information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication, and more particularly, to a method and a communication device for transmitting data packets of a media stream.
  • Media traffic is the main bearer traffic in the 5th generation (5G) mobile network, and user media experience largely determines the mobile user's experience of the entire mobile network service.
  • media continues to develop into new media forms such as ultra-high-definition video, 360-degree panorama, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) video, etc.
  • AR augmented reality
  • VR virtual reality
  • type control has more and more stringent requirements on delay and bandwidth, and it is difficult to meet the user's media experience requirements solely by relying on the closed-loop control of the media service layer itself. Therefore, it is necessary to combine network and media services to improve the service quality of media services and optimize users' video experience through network assistance.
  • the raw video stream obtained after the original video stream passes through the encoder will be transmitted in the network, and the video can be played only when the video stream reaches the user side.
  • the media data in the video stream such as real-time transport protocol (RTP)/real-time message protocol (RTMP)
  • live transport stream corresponds to bare stream, That is, the H.264 encoded stream, in which the client-side playback relies heavily on intra-frame (intra, I) frames, and media decoding and playback can only be performed after the I-frame arrives;
  • scalable video coding scalable video coding, The base layer and enhancement layer in SVC
  • the present application provides a method and a communication device for transmitting data packets of a media stream.
  • network performance is poor, only data packets with higher priority in the media stream are transmitted, and data packets with lower priorities in the media stream are discarded. , which can largely guarantee the video playback experience on the user side.
  • a first aspect provides a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream, comprising: an access network element receiving M data packets of a media stream from a user plane network element, where M is a positive integer, wherein the Each of the M data packets carries a sequence number representing the sequence in which the data packets are sent; if the network resources of the access network element cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device, the access network element discards the N data packets in the M data packets, N ⁇ M, and N is an integer, wherein the priority of the N data packets is lower than the priority of other data packets in the M data packets; The access network element sends, to the terminal device, the data packets that are not discarded among the M data packets, and the sequence numbers carried in the N data packets; the access network element receives data from the M data packets. An acknowledgement (acknowledge, ACK) of the terminal device for the sequence number carried by the N data packets is fed back.
  • An acknowledgement acknowledgement (acknowledge, ACK)
  • the network element of the access network after receiving the ACK feedback, the network element of the access network sends the ACK feedback to the server (or the application server).
  • the network element of the access network receives ACK feedback for each of the N data packets.
  • the ACK feedback for a certain data packet may include the sequence number corresponding to the data packet.
  • the network element of the access network receives ACK feedback for the data packet with the largest corresponding sequence number among the N data packets.
  • the ACK feedback may include the sequence number of the data packet corresponding to the largest sequence number among the N data packets.
  • the N data packets include one or more of the following: data packets corresponding to the last Q B frames or P frames in a group of pictures (group of pictures, GOP);
  • the data packet corresponding to the background stream data of , and the data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data of the media stream, Q is a positive integer.
  • the access network element transmits the media stream with a higher priority data packets (for example, data packets corresponding to I frames, base layer or foreground stream data, etc.), discard data packets with lower priority in the media stream (for example, corresponding to B frames/P frames, enhancement layer or background stream data, etc.) data packets), which can ensure that data packets with higher priority are transmitted to the terminal device to a greater extent, that is, to a large extent, ensure that the key data in the media stream reaches the terminal device, thereby improving the video playback experience on the user side.
  • a higher priority data packets for example, data packets corresponding to I frames, base layer or foreground stream data, etc.
  • discard data packets with lower priority in the media stream for example, corresponding to B frames/P frames, enhancement layer or background stream data, etc.
  • the server side can avoid retransmission of the N data packets, thereby avoiding the influence of the retransmission on the transmission of the high-priority data packets, and further Guarantees the transmission of packets with higher priority.
  • the method further includes: the access network element receiving, from the terminal device, the first number of the sequence numbers carried by the N data packets. Indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device has not received the data packet corresponding to the sequence number.
  • the network element of the access network will send the first indication information to the server side.
  • the server side receives the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, it is considered that the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback is correctly received by the terminal device, so that the network condition is considered to be good, and the data transmission volume is increased.
  • the terminal device can perform ACK feedback for the data packets discarded by the access network element
  • the server side increases the data transmission amount after receiving the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, the network may The situation further deteriorates, and by sending the first indication information by the terminal device, the server side can know that the ACK feedback is the feedback for the data packet not received by the terminal device, so that the server side can ignore the sending of the data packet when evaluating the network condition. In this way, to a certain extent, the further deterioration of the network condition caused by the inaccurate evaluation of the network condition by the server side and the increase in the amount of data transmission can be avoided.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the access network element, length information of the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback from the terminal device.
  • the length information corresponding to each ACK feedback is the length of the data packet. If the terminal device performs ACK feedback for the data packet with the largest sequence number of the N data packets, the length information is the total length of the N data packets.
  • each of the M data packets carries priority information.
  • the priority of the data packets determined by the network element of the access network is not required, and the operation of the network element of the access network can be simplified.
  • the method before the access network element receives the M data packets of the media stream from the user plane network element, the method further includes: the access network element The network element receives second indication information from the user plane network element or the session management network element, where the second indication information is used to instruct the user plane network element to receive the media stream; the access network element The element monitors whether the network resources of the access network element can meet the transmission requirement of the terminal device according to the second indication information.
  • the network element of the access network can detect the network resource situation according to the instruction of the network element of the user plane, and discard the data packets with lower priority in time to ensure the transmission of the data packets with higher priority.
  • the method before the access network element receives the M data packets of the media stream from the user plane network element, the method further includes: the access network element The network element receives a first message from the session management network element, where the first message includes media stream indication information, identification information, and transport layer indication information, wherein the media stream indication information is used to indicate the access
  • the network element detects that the network resources of the access network element cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device, it discards the data packets with low priority in the media stream, and the identification information is used for the
  • the access network element determines the priority of the received data packet of the media stream, and the transport layer indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard the low-priority data packet in the media stream after , sending a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the discarded data packets to the terminal device.
  • a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream including: a user plane network element determining a priority of a received data packet of a media stream in the media stream according to the following information: the Whether the data packet is a data packet corresponding to the last Q B frames or P frames in a GOP, whether the data packet is a data packet corresponding to the background stream data in the media stream, and whether the data packet is all
  • the data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data in the media stream, Q is a positive integer
  • the user plane network element sends the data packet carrying the priority information to the access network element.
  • the access network element by determining the priority of the data packet of the media stream by the user plane network element, and carrying the priority information in the data packet, the access network element can make the data packet based on the priority information of the data packet.
  • the packets are sent or discarded, so as to effectively guarantee the video playback experience on the user side.
  • the data packet further carries a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the data packet.
  • the method before the user plane network element sends the data packet carrying the priority information to the access network element, the method further includes: The user plane network element sends second indication information to the access network element, where the second indication information is used to instruct the user plane network element to receive the media stream, so that the access network element Monitor whether the network resources of the network element of the access network can meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment.
  • the method before the user plane network element sends the second indication information to the access network element, the method further includes: the user plane network element Receive media flow indication information, identification information and packet detection rule (packet detection rule, PDR) from the session management network element, wherein the media flow indication information is used to indicate that the access network element cannot meet the requirements of its network resources
  • PDR packet detection rule
  • the media flow indication information is used to indicate that the access network element cannot meet the requirements of its network resources
  • the identification information is used by the access network element to determine the priority of the received data packets of the media stream.
  • the PDR is used by the user plane network element to detect the media stream.
  • a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream which includes: a terminal device receives a sequence number representing the sending sequence of a data packet of a media stream from an access network element; If the device does not receive the data packet corresponding to the sequence number, the terminal device sends an acknowledgment ACK feedback to the access network element.
  • the terminal device will send ACK feedback after successfully receiving the data packet, and the server side will not retransmit the data packet after receiving the ACK feedback. If the terminal device does not successfully receive the data packet, it will not perform ACK feedback, and accordingly, if the server side has not received the ACK feedback from the terminal device for a long time, it will retransmit the data packet.
  • the terminal device since the terminal device does not receive the data packet discarded by the access network device, the terminal device will not give ACK feedback to the data packet, and the server side will The packet is retransmitted, which may further aggravate the deterioration of the network condition and affect the transmission of high-priority data packets when the network resources of the access network element itself cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device since the terminal device performs ACK feedback on the data packet, it is possible to avoid retransmission of the data packet on the server side, thereby avoiding the transmission of high-priority data packets due to retransmission. Influence, to ensure the transmission of data packets with higher priority.
  • the method further includes: sending, by the terminal device, first indication information to the access network element, where the first indication information is used to indicate the The terminal device does not receive the data packet.
  • the server side receives the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, it is considered that the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback is correctly received by the terminal device, so that the network condition is considered to be good, and the data transmission volume is increased.
  • the terminal device can perform ACK feedback for the data packets discarded by the access network element
  • the server side increases the data transmission amount after receiving the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, the network may The situation further deteriorates, and by sending the first indication information by the terminal device, the server side can know that the ACK feedback is the feedback for the data packet not received by the terminal device, so that the server side can ignore the sending of the data packet when evaluating the network condition. In this way, to a certain extent, the further deterioration of the network condition caused by the inaccurate evaluation of the network condition by the server side and the increase in the amount of data transmission can be avoided.
  • the method further includes: sending, by the terminal device, length information of the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback to the access network element.
  • a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream including: an application network element generates a first request message; the application network element sends a first request message to a policy control network element, the first request message
  • the request message includes media stream indication information and stream description information, wherein the media stream indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device
  • the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of the media stream.
  • the policy control network element can further provide information related to the media stream to the session management network element, and then the session management network element provides corresponding information to the user plane network element/access network element/terminal device, so that the user plane
  • the network element/access network network element/terminal device may, according to the corresponding information, perform corresponding optimization processing on the media stream subsequently, so as to ensure the user's experience of the media stream service.
  • the first request message further includes transport layer indication information, where the transport layer indication information is used to indicate that the access network element is discarding the media After the data packets with low priority in the flow, a sequence number representing the sending order of the discarded data packets is sent to the terminal device.
  • a fifth aspect provides a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream, comprising: a policy control network element receiving a first request message from an application network element, where the first request message includes media stream indication information and a stream description information, wherein the media stream indication information is used to instruct the network element of the access network to discard data packets with low priority in the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device, and the The stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of the media stream; the policy control network element sends a second response message to the session management network element, where the second response message includes the media stream indication information and the media stream packet filter wherein, the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter are used by the session management network element to generate a PDR, and the PDR is used by the user plane network element to detect the media stream.
  • the session management network element can further provide corresponding information to the user plane network element/access network network element/terminal device, so that the user plane network element/access network network element/terminal device can follow the corresponding information.
  • the media stream is optimized accordingly, so as to ensure the user's experience of the media stream service.
  • the first request message further includes transport layer indication information
  • the second response message further includes the transport layer indication information
  • the transport layer The indication information is used to instruct the access network element to send, to the terminal device, a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the discarded data packets after discarding the data packets with low priority in the media stream.
  • a sixth aspect provides a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream, comprising: a session management network element receiving a second response message from a policy control network element, where the second response message includes media stream indication information and media Stream data packet filter, wherein the media stream indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard the low-priority data in the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device packet, the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter are used by the session management network element to generate a PDR, and the PDR is used by the user plane network element to detect the media stream; the session management network element reports to the user The plane network element sends a session establishment request message, where the session establishment request message includes the media stream indication information, identification information and the PDR, where the identification information is used to indicate the priority information carried in the data packets of the media stream the indicated priority; the session management network element sends the media stream indication information and the identification information to the access network element through the access and mobility management network element.
  • the session management network elements can provide corresponding information to the user plane network elements, access network network elements, and terminal equipment respectively, so that the user plane network elements, access network network elements, and terminal equipment can follow the corresponding information according to the corresponding information.
  • the media stream is optimized accordingly, so as to ensure the user's experience of the media stream service.
  • the method further includes: the session management network element sends the media stream indication information to the terminal device through an access and mobility management network element.
  • the second response message further includes transport layer indication information
  • the session management network element is further described by the access and mobility management network element.
  • the access network element sends the transport layer indication information, where the transport layer indication is used to instruct the access network element to send a token to the terminal device after discarding the data packets with low priority in the media stream The sequence number of the sending order of the dropped packets.
  • a communication device comprising various modules or units for performing the method provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects, or for performing any one of the first to sixth aspects Each module or unit of a method in a possible implementation.
  • an apparatus including a processor.
  • the processor is coupled to the memory and can be used to execute instructions in the memory, so that the apparatus executes the method provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects above, or performs any of the first to sixth aspects possible.
  • the apparatus further includes a memory.
  • the apparatus further includes an interface circuit, and the processor is coupled to the interface circuit.
  • a processor including: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit.
  • the processing circuit is configured to receive a signal through the input circuit and transmit a signal through the output circuit, so that the processor performs the method provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects, or performs any of the first to sixth aspects method in any of the possible implementations.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a chip
  • the input circuit may be an input pin
  • the output circuit may be an output pin
  • the processing circuit may be a transistor, a gate circuit, a flip-flop, and various logic circuits.
  • the input signal received by the input circuit may be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver
  • the signal output by the output circuit may be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by a transmitter
  • the circuit can be the same circuit that acts as an input circuit and an output circuit at different times.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific implementation manners of the processor and various circuits.
  • a processing apparatus including a processor and a memory.
  • the processor is configured to read instructions stored in the memory, and can receive signals through a receiver and transmit signals through a transmitter, so as to execute the method provided in any one of the first to sixth aspects, or to execute the first to sixth aspects.
  • the method in any one possible implementation manner of the six aspects.
  • the processor is one or more, and the memory is one or more.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory may be provided separately from the processor.
  • the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as a read only memory (ROM), which can be integrated with the processor on the same chip, or can be separately set in different On the chip, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the memory and the setting manner of the memory and the processor.
  • ROM read only memory
  • the processing device in the tenth aspect above may be a chip, and the processor may be implemented by hardware or software.
  • the processor may be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, or the like; when implemented by software, the processor may be a logic circuit or an integrated circuit.
  • the processor can be a general-purpose processor, which is realized by reading software codes stored in a memory, and the memory can be integrated in the processor or located outside the processor and exist independently.
  • a computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code, or instructions), when the computer program is executed, causes the computer to execute the above-mentioned first to sixth aspects
  • a computer program also referred to as code, or instructions
  • the method provided in any one of the aspects, or the method in any one possible implementation manner of the first aspect to the sixth aspect is performed.
  • a computer-readable medium stores a computer program (also referred to as code, or instruction) when it runs on a computer, causing the computer to execute the above-mentioned first to sixth aspects
  • a computer program also referred to as code, or instruction
  • the method provided by any one of the six aspects, or perform the method in any one possible implementation manner of the first aspect to the sixth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture that can be applied to the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system architecture that can be applied to the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process flow of establishing a PDU session provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another method for transmitting a data packet of a media stream provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another process of establishing a PDU session provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting a data packet of a media stream provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided by the present application.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • 5th generation, 5G new radio
  • new radio new radio, NR
  • FIG. 1 shows an architectural diagram of a system 100 that can be applied to the present application.
  • the system 100 may include one or more of the following devices: a terminal device 101 , an access network element 102 , a user plane network element 103 , a data network 104 , and an access and mobility management network element 105 , a session management network element 106 , a policy control network element 107 , an application network element 108 , a unified data management network element 109 and a network opening network element 110 .
  • Terminal equipment 101 may be user equipment (UE), user, access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device , user agent or user device.
  • UE user equipment
  • it can be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (pad), a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, an industrial control (industrial control) wireless terminals in ), wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety , wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.
  • the terminal device 110 may also be an apparatus or a circuit structure provided in the above-mentioned various devices, for example, a chip or a chip system.
  • Access network element 102 capable of managing wireless resources, providing access services for terminal equipment, and then completing the forwarding of control signals and user data between the terminal equipment and the core network.
  • the access network element 102 may be a transmission reception point (transmission reception point, TRP), an evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in the LTE system, a home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB) ), base band unit (BBU), and cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios in wireless controllers, relay stations, access points, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, and 5G mobile communication systems
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • eNodeB evolved NodeB
  • HNB home evolved NodeB
  • BBU base band unit
  • CRAN cloud radio access network
  • the next generation NodeB (gNB), the access network elements, access points (AP), etc. in the future evolution of the public land mobile network (PLMN) network.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • User plane network element 103 mainly responsible for data packet routing and forwarding.
  • Data network 104 may be operator services, Internet access or third-party services, such as IP Multi-media Service (IMS), Internet, and the like.
  • the DN can include an application server (AS), which is a software framework that provides an application running environment and is used to provide applications with services such as security, data, transaction support, load balancing, and large-scale distributed system management.
  • AS application server
  • the terminal device obtains the application message by communicating with the AS.
  • Access and mobility management network element 105 mainly responsible for mobility management in the mobile network, such as user location update, user registration in the network, user handover, and the like.
  • Session management network element 106 mainly responsible for session management in the mobile network, such as session establishment, modification, and release. Specific functions include assigning IP addresses to users and selecting user plane NEs that provide packet forwarding functions.
  • Policy control network element 107 responsible for providing policies to access and mobility management network elements and session management network elements, such as quality of service (quality of service, QoS) policies, slice selection policies, and the like.
  • quality of service quality of service, QoS
  • slice selection policies and the like.
  • Application network element 108 responsible for providing services to the 3GPP network, interacting with the policy control network element to perform policy control, and the like.
  • Unified data management network element 109 used to store user data, such as subscription information and authentication/authorization information.
  • Network opening network element 110 Provides a framework, authentication, and interface related to network capability opening, and transfers information between the 5G system network function and other network functions.
  • devices or network elements may be devices with corresponding functions, and may be software/hardware modules (eg, chips) and the like inside the device. It should also be understood that any device or network element involved in this application may be implemented in the form of software or a combination of software and hardware.
  • the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 may be the 5G system shown in FIG. 2 . It should be understood that the system 100 may also be a 4G system or other systems, which are not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system architecture.
  • the network elements with the same reference numerals in FIG. 1 are the names of the corresponding network elements in FIG. 1 in the current 5G system.
  • the 5G system architecture may include one or more of the following network elements: UE 101, (radio) access network ((radio) access network, (R) AN) 102, user plane function (user plane function, UPF) 103, data network (DN) 104, access and mobility management function (AMF) 105, session management function (session management function, SMF) 106, policy control function (policy control function) function, PCF) 107, application function (application function, AF) 108, unified data management (unified data management, UDM) 109 and network exposure function (network exposure function) 110.
  • UE 101 radio access network
  • R radio access network
  • UPF user plane function
  • DN data network
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • SMF session management function
  • policy control function policy control function
  • each network element shown in FIG. 2 is only a name, and the name does not limit the function of the network element itself.
  • the foregoing network elements may also have other names, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • some or all of the above-mentioned network elements may use the terminology in 5G, or may have other names.
  • the interface between network elements shown in FIG. 2 is only an example. In 5G networks and other future networks, the interface between network elements may not be the interface shown in the figure, and this application does not make any limited.
  • a communication system to which the present application may be applied may include more or less network elements or devices.
  • the device or network element in FIG. 2 may be hardware, software divided by functions, or a combination of the above two.
  • the devices or network elements in FIG. 2 may communicate through other devices or network elements.
  • 5G technology can enable real-time high-definition rendering in the media industry and greatly reduce the demand for local computing power of devices. It can enable a large amount of data to be transmitted in real time and reduce network latency. Applications with high image quality and latency requirements have grown significantly.
  • media traffic is the main traffic carried by the mobile network, and user media experience largely determines the mobile user's experience of the entire mobile network service;
  • new control requirements such as second-on-second switching and fast bit rate adaptive switching have more and more stringent requirements on latency and bandwidth, which are difficult to meet solely relying on the closed-loop control of the media service layer itself.
  • User's media experience requirements Therefore, it is necessary to combine network and media services to improve the service quality of media services and optimize users' video experience, especially for AR/VR panoramic video streams and 4K/8K ultra-high-definition video streams.
  • the raw video stream obtained after the original video stream passes through the encoder will be transmitted in the network, and the video can be played when the video stream reaches the user side.
  • the code stream information often includes I frame, forward prediction (predictive, P) frame and bi-directional interpolated prediction (B) frame, where I frame means that the data in the frame can be completely decoded
  • I frame means that the data in the frame can be completely decoded
  • the P frame refers to the image frame that needs to refer to the content of the previous frame to complete the video decoding
  • the B frame refers to the image frame that needs to refer to the content of the previous frame and the next frame to complete the decoding. Therefore, in the process of media streaming and playback, the position of the I frame is particularly important, and the user side can only decode and play the complete video after receiving the I frame.
  • Similar also includes the difference between the base layer (also called base layer data) and the enhancement layer (also called enhancement layer data) in SVC coding, and the foreground stream (also called foreground stream) commonly used in AV/VR video services. data) and background streams (also known as background stream data).
  • the base layer contains the basic and most important information of the video signal, and the receiving end can reconstruct the basic quality image after receiving the base layer;
  • the enhancement layer contains the detailed information of the video signal, and the receiving end decodes the base layer and the enhancement layer together, Higher quality images can be reconstructed.
  • the AR/VR video streaming process In order to ensure the user's media viewing experience and reduce the network transmission bandwidth, during the AR/VR video streaming process, it is divided into a low-quality panoramic background stream and a high-quality foreground stream corresponding to the user's perspective. At this time, the reliability of the foreground stream is Transmission and decoding are especially important to ensure user experience.
  • the present application provides a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream, by only transmitting data packets with higher priority in the media stream (eg, I-frame, base layer, or foreground) when network performance is poor. stream data and other corresponding data packets), discarding data packets with lower priority in the media stream (for example, data packets corresponding to B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background stream data, etc.), which can protect the user side to a greater extent. video playback experience.
  • data packets with higher priority in the media stream eg, I-frame, base layer, or foreground
  • stream data and other corresponding data packets discarding data packets with lower priority in the media stream (for example, data packets corresponding to B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background stream data, etc.), which can protect the user side to a greater extent.
  • video playback experience for example, data packets corresponding to B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background stream data, etc.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting data packets of a media stream provided by the present application. Each step in the method 300 will be described below.
  • the user plane network element sends the data packet of the media stream to the access network element.
  • the M data packets are the data packets of the media stream that are sent by the user plane network element to the access network element, and that the access network element has not yet sent to the terminal device. That is to say, the M data packets are the data packets of the media stream currently buffered by the network element of the access network.
  • the N data packets are some or all of the data packets of the media stream currently buffered by the network element of the access network.
  • the priorities of the N data packets are lower than the priorities of other data packets in the M data packets.
  • the M data packets are data packets #1 to #5
  • the priorities of data packets #1 to #5 are 1, 1, 2, 3, and 2, respectively, where the larger the number, the higher the priority.
  • the N data packets may be data packets with priority 1, namely data packets #1 and #2, or the N data packets may be data packets with priorities 1 and 2, That is, packet #1, packet #2, packet 3, and packet #5, or the N packets may be packet #1 to packet #5.
  • the value of N may be determined according to the network resources of the network element of the access network.
  • the network resources of the access network element can only send 1M data, and the current access network element caches 5M data, so the size of the N data packets can be 4M in total.
  • the N data packets may include one or more of the following: the data packets corresponding to the last Q B frames or P frames in the GOP, the data packets corresponding to the background flow data in the media stream, The data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data of the media stream, Q is a positive integer.
  • the data packets corresponding to the last B frame can be discarded first, and then the data packets corresponding to the P frames can be discarded according to the order of discarding the data packets corresponding to the P frames in the order from the back to the front.
  • the M data packets correspond to 2 GOPs in total, and each GOP includes the following frames: IP P P B P.
  • the B frames in the 2 GOPs can be discarded; if the data packets corresponding to the total 2 B frames in the 2 GOPs are is N-4, and the number of data packets corresponding to the last P frame in each GOP is 2, then the B frame and the last P frame in the two GOPs can be discarded.
  • the data packet of the media stream may correspond to one of the base layer data and the enhancement layer data, that is, any data packet of the media stream either corresponds to the base layer data or corresponds to the base layer data.
  • Enhancement layer data wherein the priority of the base layer data is higher than that of the enhancement layer data.
  • the N data packets may be data packets corresponding to enhancement layer data among the M data packets.
  • the data packets of the media stream may correspond to one of foreground stream data and background stream data, wherein the priority of foreground stream data is higher than that of background stream data. class.
  • the N data packets may be data packets corresponding to background flow data among the M data packets.
  • the network element of the access network sends the data packets that are not discarded among the M data packets to the terminal device.
  • the access network element discards data packet #1 and data packet #2 , and send packets #3 to #5 to the terminal device.
  • the access network element transmits the media stream with priority.
  • Data packets with higher priority for example, data packets corresponding to I frames, base layer or foreground stream data, etc.
  • discard lower priority data packets in the media stream for example, B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background streams) data packets
  • B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background streams for example, B frames/P frames, enhancement layers or background streams
  • the method may further include:
  • a user plane network element determines the priority of the data packet in the media stream.
  • the data packet sent by the user plane network element may carry priority information indicating the priority of the data packet.
  • the user plane network element can determine the priority of receiving the data packet in the media stream according to the following information: whether the data packet is a data packet corresponding to the last Q B frames or P frames in a GOP, the data packet Whether it is a data packet corresponding to the background stream data in the media stream, whether the data packet is a data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data in the media stream, and Q is a positive integer.
  • the priority of different frames in a GOP depends on the criticality of the frame to the entire GOP decoding experience.
  • the last B frame is the last decoded media frame, that is, the B frame will not affect the decoding of other media in the GOP. Therefore, its priority can be set to the lowest.
  • the priority of each frame can be defined as 5, 4, 3, 1, and 2, where the higher the value, the higher the priority.
  • the priorities corresponding to the data packets of each frame are 5, 4, 3, 1, and 2 in sequence.
  • the priority corresponding to the I frame in a GOP, the last Q B frames in a GOP, and the last Q P frames in a GOP are 2, 1, and 1, respectively, then, if a data packet corresponds to a GOP in If a data packet corresponds to the last Q B frames or P frames in a GOP, the priority of the data packet is 1.
  • the priority of the foreground stream data in the media stream is higher than that of the background stream data.
  • the priority of the foreground stream data is 2, and the priority of the background stream data is 1. The higher the value, the higher the priority. Then, if the data corresponding to a data packet is foreground flow data, the priority of the data packet is 2; if the data corresponding to a data packet is background flow data, the priority of the data packet is 1.
  • the priority of the base layer data in the media stream is higher than that of the enhancement layer data.
  • the priority of the base layer data is 2, and the priority of the enhancement layer data is 1, wherein the higher the value, the higher the priority. Then, if the data corresponding to a data packet is base layer data, the priority of the data packet is 2; if the data corresponding to a data packet is enhanced layer data, the priority of the data packet is 1.
  • the user plane network element When determining the priority of a data packet according to the above scheme, the user plane network element needs to know whether the data packet corresponds to an I frame, a P frame or a B frame in a GOP, and further needs to know that the data packet corresponds to the No. 1 frame in the GOP. few frames. Or, the user plane network element needs to know whether the data packet is background flow data or foreground flow data. Or, the user plane network element needs to know whether the data packet is base layer data or enhancement layer data. Exemplarily, in one manner, the user plane network element may obtain the above-mentioned information by parsing the data part in the data packet, that is, the payload (payload), so as to further determine the priority of the data packet. In another manner, the user plane network element can obtain the above information through the information carried in the packet header of the data packet, so as to further determine the priority of the data packet.
  • the user plane network element may also add the priority information of the data packet to the data packet, that is, the information indicating the priority of the data packet is added. in this packet.
  • the data packet received by the network element of the access network carries its corresponding priority information.
  • the access network element can send the data packet according to the priority information of the data packet Or discard processing, so as to effectively guarantee the video playback experience on the user side.
  • the priority of the data packet in the media stream may also be determined by the access network element or by the application network element that sends the data packet.
  • the manner in which the access network element or the application network element determines the priority may refer to the manner in which the user plane network element determines the priority, which will not be repeated here.
  • the data packet of the media stream may also carry a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the data packet.
  • the network element of the access network may also send the sequence numbers carried by the N data packets.
  • the method can also include:
  • the terminal device sends ACK feedback for the sequence numbers carried in the N data packets to the access network element.
  • the terminal device may send an ACK feedback for the sequence number carried in each of the N data packets.
  • the server side considers that each of the N data packets has been correctly received by the terminal device side.
  • the terminal device may only send one ACK feedback, where the ACK feedback is the feedback for the largest sequence number among the sequence numbers carried in the N data packets. In this way, the server side considers that the data packet corresponding to the maximum sequence number and the data packet with the sequence number smaller than the maximum sequence number are also correctly received by the terminal device.
  • the terminal device will send ACK feedback after successfully receiving the data packet, and the server side will not retransmit the data packet after receiving the ACK feedback. If the terminal device does not successfully receive the data packet, it will not perform ACK feedback, and accordingly, if the server side has not received the ACK feedback from the terminal device for a long time, it will retransmit the data packet.
  • the terminal device since the terminal device does not receive the N data packets discarded by the access network device, the terminal device will not perform ACK feedback on these N data packets, and the server side These N data packets will be retransmitted, which may further aggravate the deterioration of network conditions and affect the transmission of high-priority data packets when the network resources of the access network element can no longer meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment. transmission.
  • the terminal device since the terminal device performs ACK feedback on the N data packets, it is possible to avoid the server side retransmitting the N data packets, thereby avoiding the retransmission of high-priority data.
  • the impact of packet transmission ensures the transmission of data packets with higher priority.
  • sequence number may be a transmission control protocol (transmission control protocol, TCP) sequence number, or may be other information that can characterize the sending sequence of the data packets, which is not limited in this application.
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • the network element of the access network may also send length information of the data packets corresponding to the sequence numbers.
  • the terminal device may also send length information.
  • the network element of the access network sends the length information to the server side.
  • the length information corresponding to each ACK feedback is the length of the data packet. If the terminal device performs ACK feedback for the data packet with the largest sequence number of the N data packets, the length information is the total length of the N data packets.
  • the terminal device can perform ACK feedback for the data packet with the sequence number 0 and feed back the length information of the data packet with the sequence number 0 (for example, 200bytes ), and the terminal device may perform ACK feedback for the data packet with the sequence number 1 and feed back the length information (for example, 201 bytes) of the data packet with the sequence number 1.
  • the terminal device may only perform ACK feedback for the data packet with sequence number 1 and feed back the length information of the data packet, where the length information is the total length of the two data packets with sequence numbers 0 and 1 (for example, 401 bytes) .
  • the method may also include:
  • the terminal device sends first indication information to the access network element, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device has not received the data packet corresponding to the sequence number corresponding to the ACK feedback.
  • the network element of the access network After receiving the first indication information, the network element of the access network will send the first indication information to the server side.
  • the server side receives the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, it is considered that the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback is correctly received by the terminal device, so that the network condition is considered to be good, and the data transmission volume is increased.
  • the terminal device can perform ACK feedback for the data packets discarded by the access network element
  • the server side increases the data transmission amount after receiving the ACK feedback sent by the terminal device, the network may The situation further deteriorates, and by sending the first indication information by the terminal device, the server side can know that the ACK feedback is the feedback for the data packet not received by the terminal device, so that the server side can ignore the sending of the data packet when evaluating the network condition. In this way, to a certain extent, the further deterioration of the network condition caused by the inaccurate evaluation of the network condition by the server side and the increase in the amount of data transmission can be avoided.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PDU session establishment flow.
  • the process may be a process of establishing a PDU session when the media stream uses the TCP transmission protocol, but this application does not limit it.
  • the data packets of the media stream can be transmitted according to the flow shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the method 500 shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the solution of carrying the sequence number in the data packet described above. Each step in the flow shown in FIG. 4 will be described below.
  • the AF generates a first request message.
  • the AF sends a first request message to the PCF through the NEF. Accordingly, the PCF receives the first request message from the AF through the NEF.
  • NEF is optional, if AF is in the trusted area of the network, then NEF is not required, otherwise it needs to interact with PCF through NEF.
  • the first request message includes media stream indication information, stream description information and transport layer indication information.
  • the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of a data stream, which is the media stream in this application.
  • the flow scan information may include one or more of the following: the IP address of the terminal device, the transport layer port of the terminal device, the IP address of the server, the transport layer port of the server, and the transport layer protocol type.
  • the media stream indication information is used to indicate that the data stream described by the stream description information is a media stream. Further, the media stream indication information may also instruct the access network element to discard data packets with low priority in the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device.
  • the transport layer indication information is used to instruct the RAN to send, to the UE, a sequence number representing the sending order of the discarded data packets after discarding the data packets with low priority in the media stream.
  • the first request message may be an AF request message
  • the specific service message may be Nnef_ServiceParameter_Create/Update/Delete Request.
  • the UE sends a PDU session establishment request message to the AMF. Accordingly, the AMF receives the PDU session establishment request message from the UE.
  • the UE when it establishes a PDU session, it sends a PDU session establishment request message to the AMF side.
  • the PDU session establishment request is included in the NAS message sent by the UE to the AMF.
  • the AMF sends the received PDU session establishment request message to the SMF.
  • the AMF may send the received PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext service to establish the PDU session context.
  • the SMF may send a second request message to the PCF. Accordingly, the PCF receives the second request message from the SMF.
  • the second request message is used to initiate the establishment of the session management policy association, and request the establishment of the session management policy association with the PCF.
  • the PCF sends a second response message to the SMF. Accordingly, the SMF receives the second response message from the PCF.
  • the PCF may return the media stream indication information, the transport layer indication information and the media stream data packet filter from the AF to the SMF.
  • the PCF can also send the policy and charging control (policy and charging control, PCC) rules of the PDU session to the SMF.
  • policy and charging control policy and charging control, PCC
  • the SMF generates a PDR according to the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter.
  • the PDR is used to detect the media stream described by the stream description information.
  • the SMF sends a session establishment request message to the UPF.
  • the session establishment request message may include the media stream indication information, identification information and the PDR.
  • the identification information is used to indicate the priority indicated by the priority information carried in the data packet of the media stream.
  • the UPF may add priority information indicating the priority of the data packet to the data packet according to the identification information.
  • the session establishment request message may be an N4 session establishment request message.
  • N4 is the interface between SMF and UPF.
  • the UPF sends a session establishment response message to the SMF.
  • the session establishment response message may be an N4 session establishment response message.
  • the SMF sends the media stream indication information, the identification information and the transport layer indication information to the RAN.
  • the SMF sends the media stream indication information to the UE.
  • the SMF can put the media stream indication information into the N1 SM message, put the media stream indication information, the identification information and the transport layer indication information into the N2 SM message, and use the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service to transfer the N1SM and N2 SM messages are sent to the AMF side.
  • the AMF sends the NAS information sent to the UE and the N2 SM message sent to the RAN to the RAN side through the N2 PDU Session Request (PDU Session Request) service.
  • PDU Session Request PDU Session Request
  • the RAN and the UE can save the information, and perform corresponding processing after receiving the data packets of the media stream subsequently. For example, the RAN can discard data packets with lower priority when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment.
  • the UE may provide ACK feedback to the sequence number corresponding to the discarded data packet. It should be understood that the present application does not limit the sequence of S410 and S411.
  • the RAN informs the AMF of corresponding AN tunnel information, supported QoS flow information, and the like.
  • the PAN can inform the AMF of the corresponding AN tunnel information, support QoS flow information, etc. through the N2 PDU Session Response (N2 PDU Session Response) service.
  • N2 PDU Session Response N2 PDU Session Response
  • the AF can send the relevant information of the media stream to the PCF.
  • the RAN/UPF sends the corresponding information of the media stream, thereby ensuring that the UE/RAN/UPF can optimize the media stream described by the stream description information provided by the AF in the future, so as to ensure the user's media stream service experience.
  • FIG. 5 is a specific embodiment of a method for transmitting a data packet of a media stream provided by the present application. Each step of the method 500 shown in FIG. 5 will be described below.
  • the AS sends the data packet of the media stream described by the stream description information.
  • the data packet carries a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the data packet.
  • the packet may carry a TCP sequence number.
  • the data packet may also carry type information, for example, the TCP/IP header of the data packet may carry the type information.
  • the type information is used to indicate that the data packet corresponds to an I frame, a P frame, or a B frame in a GOP, and can further indicate which frame in the GOP the data packet corresponds to.
  • the type information is used to indicate whether the packet is background flow data or foreground flow data.
  • the type information is used to indicate whether the data packet is base layer data or enhancement layer data.
  • the data packet may also carry priority information, for example, the TCP/IP header of the data packet may carry the priority information.
  • the priority information is used to indicate the priority of the data packet.
  • the manner in which the AS determines the priority of the data packet may refer to the manner in which the UPF determines the priority of the data packet.
  • the UPF After detecting that the received data packet is the data packet of the media stream, the UPF sends second indication information to the RAN. Correspondingly, the RAN receives the second indication information.
  • the UPF may send the second indication information in a control plane manner.
  • the UPF can report the second indication information through the N4 session, and then the SMF sends the second indication information to the RAN through the N2 SM message.
  • the UPF may send the second indication information in a data plane manner.
  • the UPF may carry the second indication information in the GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) layer of the first data packet, and send the second indication information to the RAN.
  • GTP GPRS tunneling protocol
  • the UPF sends the data packet to the RAN.
  • the data packet may carry priority information.
  • the UPF can autonomously determine the priority of the data packet. Specifically, the UPF can parse the data packet, then determine the priority of the data packet, and finally add priority information to the data packet.
  • the AS determines the priority of the data packet, and then carries the priority information in the packet header of the data packet, and the UPF can obtain the priority information through the packet header of the data packet. .
  • the UPF adds the priority information that can be recognized by the RAN to the data packet based on the identification information provided by the SMF in step S408 in the PDU session establishment process.
  • the UPF may add priority information at the GTP layer of the data packet.
  • the RAN after receiving the second indication information, the RAN starts to monitor the current network status.
  • the RAN starts to detect whether its network resources can meet the transmission requirements of the UE.
  • the RAN discards the data packets with lower priority.
  • the RAN can determine the priority of the data packet by itself. For the specific determination method, refer to the method for determining the priority of the data packet by the UPF described above.
  • the RAN sends to the UE the data packets that are not discarded among the M data packets, and sends the sequence numbers carried by the N discarded data packets.
  • the RAN may send the sequence number through a PDCP layer or an RRC message.
  • the RAN may also send length information of the data packet corresponding to the sequence number to the UE.
  • the UE sends ACK feedback for the sequence numbers carried by the N data packets to the RAN.
  • the UE may also send the length information and/or the first indication information of the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback to the RAN.
  • the RAN sends the ACK feedback to the AS.
  • the RAN sends the ACK feedback to the UPF, and then the UPF sends the ACK feedback to the AS.
  • the RAN may also send the length information and/or the first indication information of the data packet corresponding to the ACK feedback to the AS.
  • UPF can add priority information to the data packets of the media stream.
  • the RAN can discard the data packets according to the priority information of the data packets. Data packets with lower priority ensure the transmission of data packets with higher priority and ensure the user's basic media viewing experience.
  • the RAN can make the UE perform ACK feedback on the data packet it has not received, thereby avoiding the retransmission of the data packet discarded by the RAN on the server side, and further ensuring high priority. transmission of packets.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another PDU session establishment flow.
  • the process may be a process of establishing a PDU session when the media stream uses the UDP transmission protocol, but this application does not limit it.
  • the data packets of the media stream can be transmitted according to the flow shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the method 700 shown in FIG. 7 corresponds to the solution of not carrying the sequence number in the data packet. Each step in the flow shown in FIG. 6 will be described below.
  • the AF generates a first request message.
  • the AF sends a first request message to the PCF through the NEF. Accordingly, the PCF receives the first request message from the AF through the NEF.
  • NEF is optional, if AF is in the trusted area of the network, then NEF is not required, otherwise it needs to interact with PCF through NEF.
  • the first request message includes media stream indication information and stream description information.
  • the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of a data stream, which is the media stream in this application.
  • the flow scan information may include one or more of the following: the IP address of the terminal device, the transport layer port of the terminal device, the IP address of the server, the transport layer port of the server, and the transport layer protocol type.
  • the media stream indication information is used to indicate that the data stream described by the stream description information is a media stream. Further, the media stream indication information may also instruct the access network element to discard data packets with low priority in the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device.
  • the first request message may be an AF request message
  • the specific service message may be Nnef_ServiceParameter_Create/Update/Delete Request.
  • the UE sends a PDU session establishment request message to the AMF. Accordingly, the AMF receives the PDU session establishment request message from the UE.
  • the UE when it establishes a PDU session, it sends a PDU session establishment request message to the AMF side.
  • the PDU session establishment request is included in the NAS message sent by the UE to the AMF.
  • the AMF sends the received PDU session establishment request message to the SMF.
  • the AMF may send the received PDU session establishment request message to the SMF through the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext service to establish the PDU session context.
  • the SMF may send a second request message to the PCF. Accordingly, the PCF receives the second request message from the SMF.
  • the second request message is used to initiate the establishment of the session management policy association, and request the establishment of the session management policy association with the PCF.
  • the PCF sends a second response message to the SMF. Accordingly, the SMF receives the second response message from the PCF.
  • the PCF can return the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter from the AF to the SMF. At the same time, the PCF can also send the PCC rules of the PDU session to the SMF.
  • the SMF generates a PDR according to the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter.
  • the PDR is used to detect the media stream described by the stream description information.
  • the SMF sends a session establishment request message to the UPF.
  • the session establishment request message may include the media stream indication information, the identification information and the PDR.
  • the identification information is used to indicate the priority indicated by the priority information carried in the data packet of the media stream.
  • the UPF may add priority information indicating the priority of the data packet to the data packet according to the identification information.
  • the session establishment request message may be an N4 session establishment request message.
  • N4 is the interface between SMF and UPF.
  • the UPF sends a session establishment response message to the SMF.
  • the session establishment response message may be an N4 session establishment response message.
  • the SMF sends the media stream indication information and the identification information to the RAN.
  • the SMF may put the media stream indication information and the identification information into the N2 SM message, and send the N2 SM message to the AMF side through the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service. Then, the AMF sends the N2 SM message to the RAN to the RAN side through the N2 PDU Session Request (PDU Session Request) service.
  • PDU Session Request PDU Session Request
  • the RAN After receiving the information sent by the SMF, the RAN can save the information and perform corresponding processing after receiving the data packets of the media stream subsequently.
  • the RAN informs the AMF of the corresponding AN tunnel information, support QoS flow information, and the like.
  • the PAN can inform the AMF of the corresponding AN tunnel information, support QoS flow information, etc. through the N2 PDU Session Response (N2 PDU Session Response) service.
  • N2 PDU Session Response N2 PDU Session Response
  • the AF can send the relevant information of the media stream to the PCF.
  • the RAN/UPF sends the corresponding information of the media stream, thereby ensuring that the UE/RAN/UPF can optimize the media stream described by the stream description information provided by the AF in the future, so as to ensure the user's media stream service experience.
  • FIG. 7 is another specific embodiment of a method for transmitting a data packet of a media stream provided by the present application. Each step of the method 700 shown in FIG. 7 will be described below.
  • the AS sends the data packet of the media stream described by the stream description information.
  • the data packet may also carry type information, for example, the TCP/IP header of the data packet may carry the type information.
  • the type information is used to indicate that the data packet corresponds to an I frame, a P frame, or a B frame in a GOP, and can further indicate which frame in the GOP the data packet corresponds to.
  • the type information is used to indicate whether the data packet is background flow data or foreground flow data.
  • the type information is used to indicate whether the data packet is base layer data or enhancement layer data.
  • the data packet may also carry priority information, for example, the TCP/IP header of the data packet may carry the priority information.
  • the priority information is used to indicate the priority of the data packet.
  • the manner in which the AS determines the priority of the data packet may refer to the manner in which the UPF determines the priority of the data packet.
  • the UPF after detecting that the received data packet is the data packet of the media stream, the UPF sends second indication information to the RAN.
  • the RAN receives the second indication information.
  • the UPF may send the second indication information in a control plane manner.
  • the UPF can report the second indication information through the N4 session, and then the SMF sends the second indication information to the RAN through the N2 SM message.
  • the UPF may send the second indication information in a data plane manner. For example, when receiving the first data packet of the media stream, the UPF may carry the second indication information in the GTP layer of the first data packet, and send the second indication information to the RAN.
  • the UPF sends the data packet to the RAN.
  • This step is the same as S503, and reference may be made to S503.
  • the RAN after receiving the second indication information, the RAN starts to monitor the current network status.
  • the RAN starts to detect whether its network resources can meet the transmission requirements of the UE.
  • the RAN discards the data packets with lower priority.
  • the RAN can determine the priority of the data packet by itself. For the specific determination method, refer to the method for determining the priority of the data packet by the UPF described above.
  • the RAN sends the data packets that are not discarded among the M data packets to the UE.
  • UPF can add priority information to the data packets of the media stream.
  • the RAN can discard the data packets according to the priority information of the data packets. Data packets with lower priority ensure the transmission of data packets with higher priority and ensure the basic media viewing experience of users.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and inherent logic.
  • the various numerical numbers or serial numbers involved in the above processes are only for the convenience of description, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication apparatus 1000 may include a transceiver unit 1100 and a processing unit 1200 .
  • the transceiver unit 2100 may include a sending unit and/or a receiving unit.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 may be a transceiver (including a transmitter and/or a receiver), an input/output interface (including an input and/or output interface), a pin or a circuit, and the like.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 may be configured to perform the sending and/or receiving steps in the above method embodiments.
  • the processing unit 2200 may be a processor (which may include one or more), a processing circuit with a processor function, and the like, and may be used to perform other steps in the foregoing method embodiments except for sending and receiving.
  • the communication device may further include a storage unit, which may be a memory, an internal storage unit (eg, a register, a cache, etc.), an external storage unit (eg, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.), etc. .
  • the storage unit is used for storing instructions, and the processing unit 2200 executes the instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the communication device executes the above method.
  • the communication apparatus 2000 may correspond to an access network element (eg, a RAN) in the foregoing method embodiments, and may perform operations performed by the access network element.
  • an access network element eg, a RAN
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to receive M data packets of a media stream from a user plane network element, where M is a positive integer, wherein each data packet in the M data packets carries a data packet representing the sending sequence of the data packets
  • the processing unit 2200 is configured to discard N data packets in the M data packets when the network resources of the device 2000 cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment, N ⁇ M, and N is an integer , wherein the priority of the N data packets is lower than the priority of other data packets in the M data packets; the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to send the M data packets to the terminal device.
  • the data packets that have not been discarded, and the sequence numbers carried by the N data packets; the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to receive an acknowledgement from the terminal device for the sequence numbers carried by the N data packets ACK feedback.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to: receive first indication information from the terminal device for the sequence numbers carried in the N data packets, where the first indication information is used to indicate the terminal The device has not received the data packet corresponding to the sequence number.
  • each of the M data packets carries priority information.
  • the N data packets include one or more of the following: data packets corresponding to the last Q B frames or P frames in the group of pictures GOP, and data packets corresponding to the background stream data in the media stream.
  • a data packet, a data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data of the media stream, and Q is a positive integer.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to receive second indication information from the user plane network element or session management network element, where the second indication information is used to instruct the user plane network element to receive the
  • the processing unit 2200 is further configured to, according to the second indication information, monitor whether the network resources of the apparatus 2000 can meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to: receive a first message from the session management network element, where the first message includes media stream indication information, identification information, and transport layer indication information, wherein the media
  • the stream indication information is used to instruct the apparatus 2000 to discard the low-priority data packets in the media stream when monitoring that the network resources of the apparatus 2000 cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment, and the identification information
  • the transport layer indication information is used to instruct the apparatus 2000 to send the data packets with low priority in the media stream to the The terminal device sends a sequence number representing the sending order of the discarded data packets.
  • transceiver unit 2100 and the processing unit 2200 may also perform other operations performed by the access network element in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the communication apparatus 2000 may correspond to a user plane network element (eg, UPF) in the foregoing method embodiments, and may perform operations performed by the user plane network element.
  • a user plane network element eg, UPF
  • the processing unit 2200 is configured to determine the priority of the received data packet of the media stream in the media stream according to the following information: whether the data packet is the last Q B frames in a group of pictures GOP or The data packet corresponding to the P frame, whether the data packet is the data packet corresponding to the background stream data in the media stream, whether the data packet is the data packet corresponding to the enhancement layer data in the media stream, and Q is positive Integer; the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to send the data packet carrying the priority information to the network element of the access network.
  • the data packet further carries a sequence number representing the sending sequence of the data packet.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to: send second indication information to the access network element, where the second indication information is used to instruct the transceiver unit 2100 to receive the media stream, so that the The access network element monitors whether the network resources of the access network element can meet the transmission requirements of the terminal equipment.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to: receive the media stream indication information, identification information and PDR from a session management network element, where the media stream indication information is used to indicate the access network element In the case that its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device, discard the data packets with low priority in the media stream, and the identification information is used by the access network element to determine the received media The priority of the data packets of the stream, the PDR is used by the apparatus 2000 to detect the media stream.
  • transceiver unit 2100 and the processing unit 2200 may also perform other operations performed by the user plane network element in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the communication apparatus 2000 may correspond to the terminal equipment in the foregoing method embodiments, and may perform operations performed by the remote terminal equipment.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to receive the sequence number representing the transmission sequence of the data packets of the media stream from the network element of the access network; the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to, if the terminal device does not receive the sequence number corresponding to the sequence number data packets, and send confirmation ACK feedback to the network element of the access network.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to: send first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device has not received the data packet.
  • transceiver unit 2100 and the processing unit 220 may also perform other operations performed by the terminal device in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the communication apparatus 2000 may also correspond to other network elements in the above method embodiments, such as application network elements (such as AF or AS), policy control network elements (such as PCF), session management network elements (such as SMF), etc. , and can perform the operations performed by the corresponding network element.
  • application network elements such as AF or AS
  • policy control network elements such as PCF
  • session management network elements such as SMF
  • the processing unit 2200 is configured to generate the first request message; the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to send the first request message to the policy control network element, so the The first request message includes media flow indication information and flow description information, wherein the media flow indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard all the data when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device. data packets with low priority in the media stream, and the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of the media stream.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to receive a first request message from the application network element, where the first request message includes media stream indication information and Stream description information, where the media stream indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard the low-priority data packets in the media stream when its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device,
  • the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of the media stream;
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to send a second response message to the session management network element, where the second response message includes the media stream indication information and A media stream data packet filter, wherein the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter are used by the session management network element to generate a PDR, and the PDR is used by the user plane network element to detect the media stream.
  • the transceiver unit 2100 is configured to receive a second response message from the policy control network element, where the second response message includes media stream indication information and a media stream data packet filter, wherein the media stream indication information is used to instruct the access network element to discard the media stream with low priority in the case that its network resources cannot meet the transmission requirements of the terminal device
  • the media stream indication information and the media stream data packet filter are used by the communication device 2000 to generate a PDR, and the PDR is used by the user plane network element to detect the media stream; the transceiver unit 2100 also uses Then, send a session establishment request message to the user plane network element, where the session establishment request message includes the media stream indication information, identification information and the PDR, and the identification information is used to indicate that the data packets of the media stream are carried The priority indicated by the priority information; the transceiver unit 2100 is further configured to send the media stream indication information and the identification information to the access network element through the access and mobility management
  • processing unit may be implemented by hardware or software, or may be implemented by a combination of software and hardware.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by the present application. As shown in FIG. 9 , the communication apparatus 3000 can implement the functions that can be implemented by any network element in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • Communication device 3000 may include processor 3001 .
  • the processor 3001 may also be referred to as a processing unit, and may implement certain control functions.
  • the processor 3001 can be used to control the communication device 3000, execute a software program, and process data of the software program.
  • the processor 3001 may also store instructions and/or data, and the instructions and/or data may be executed by the processor 3001, so that the communication apparatus 3000 executes the above method embodiments method described.
  • the communication apparatus 3000 may include a memory 3002, on which instructions may be stored, and the instructions may be executed on the processor, so that the communication apparatus 3000 executes the methods described in the above method embodiments .
  • data may also be stored in the memory.
  • instructions and/or data may also be stored in the processor.
  • the processor and the memory can be provided separately or integrated together. For example, the corresponding relationship described in the above method embodiments may be stored in a memory or in a processor.
  • the communication apparatus 3000 may include a baseband circuit 3003, which is mainly used for baseband processing.
  • the communication apparatus 3000 may include a radio frequency circuit 3004, which is mainly used for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals and converting radio frequency signals to baseband signals, for example, for sending the BAR frames in the above method embodiments.
  • the radio frequency circuit 3004 may also be referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a transceiver, or the like.
  • the communication device 3000 may include an antenna 3005, which is mainly used for signal transmission and reception.
  • the communication device 3000 may include a bus 3006 for connecting various parts of the communication device 3000 , such as the above-mentioned processor 3001 , memory 3002 , baseband circuit 3003 , radio frequency circuit 3004 and antenna 3005 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus 4000 provided by the present application. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 10 only shows the main components of the communication device 4000 .
  • the communication apparatus 4000 can implement the functions of the terminal device in any of the above method embodiments.
  • the communication apparatus 4000 includes a processor and a memory.
  • the communication device 4000 includes a control circuit, an antenna, and an input and output device.
  • the processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire communication device 4000, execute software programs, and process data of the software programs, for example, to support the communication device 4000 to execute the terminals described in the above method embodiments
  • the action performed by the device is mainly used to store software programs and data.
  • the control circuit is mainly used for the conversion of the baseband signal and the radio frequency signal and the processing of the radio frequency signal.
  • the control circuit together with the antenna can also be called a transceiver, which is mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • Input and output devices such as touch screens, display screens, and keyboards, are mainly used to receive data input by users and output data to users.
  • the processor can read the software program in the storage unit, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program.
  • the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit.
  • the radio frequency circuit performs radio frequency processing on the baseband signal and sends the radio frequency signal through the antenna in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor, which converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data .
  • FIG. 10 only shows one memory and a processor.
  • the memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data
  • the central processing unit is mainly used to control the entire communication device 4000.
  • the software program is executed, and the data of the software program is processed.
  • the processor in FIG. 10 integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processing unit.
  • the baseband processor and the central processing unit may also be independent processors, interconnected by technologies such as a bus.
  • the communication device 4000 may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, the communication device 4000 may include multiple central processors to enhance its processing capability, and the various components of the communication device 4000 may use various bus connection.
  • the baseband processor may also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip.
  • the central processing unit can also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip.
  • the function of processing the communication protocol and communication data may be built in the processor, or may be stored in the storage unit in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to realize the baseband processing function.
  • an antenna and a control circuit with a transceiver function may be regarded as the transceiver unit 4001 of the communication apparatus 4000
  • a processor with a processing function may be regarded as the processing unit 4002 of the communication apparatus 4000
  • the communication apparatus 4000 includes a transceiver unit 4001 and a processing unit 4002 .
  • the transceiving unit may also be referred to as a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiving device, or the like.
  • the device for implementing the receiving function in the transceiver unit 4001 may be regarded as a receiving unit, and the device for implementing the transmitting function in the transceiver unit 4001 may be regarded as a transmitting unit, that is, the transceiver unit 4001 includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit.
  • the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, a receiver, a receiving circuit, and the like
  • the transmitting unit may be referred to as a transmitter, a transmitter, or a transmitting circuit, or the like.
  • the processor in this embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip, which has a signal processing capability.
  • each step of the above method embodiments may be completed by a hardware integrated logic circuit in a processor or an instruction in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable circuits.
  • Programming logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components may also be a system on chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), or a network processor (network processor).
  • SoC system on chip
  • CPU central processor unit
  • network processor network processor
  • processor can also be a microcontroller (micro controller unit, MCU), can also be a programmable logic device (programmable logic device, PLD) or other integrated chips.
  • the memory in this embodiment of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically programmable Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ESDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SLDRAM synchronous link dynamic random access memory
  • direct rambus RAM direct rambus RAM
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes: computer program code, when the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes any of the foregoing methods to implement For example, an operation performed by any network element (eg, an access network network element, a user plane network element, a terminal device, etc.).
  • any network element eg, an access network network element, a user plane network element, a terminal device, etc.
  • the present application further provides a computer-readable medium, where the computer-readable medium stores program codes, when the program codes are executed on a computer, the computer is made to execute the foregoing method embodiments. Operations performed by any network element (eg, access network element, user plane network element, terminal equipment, etc.).
  • any network element eg, access network element, user plane network element, terminal equipment, etc.
  • the present application also provides a system, which includes one or more network elements in any of the method embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication apparatus, including a processor and an interface; the processor is configured to execute the method in any of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the processing device may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, can also be system on chip (system on chip, SoC), can also be central processing It can be a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processing circuit (DSP), or a microcontroller (MCU) , it can also be a programmable logic device (PLD) or other integrated chips.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules may be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other storage media mature in the art.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the memory in this embodiment of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically programmable Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ESDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SLDRAM synchronous link dynamic random access memory
  • direct rambus RAM direct rambus RAM
  • the above-mentioned embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wire (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line, DSL) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes an integration of one or more available media.
  • the available media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state discs, SSD)) etc.
  • the network equipment in each of the above apparatus embodiments completely corresponds to the terminal equipment and the network equipment or terminal equipment in the method embodiments, and corresponding steps are performed by corresponding modules or units.
  • a processing unit processor
  • processor For functions of specific units, reference may be made to corresponding method embodiments.
  • the number of processors may be one or more.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer.
  • an application running on a computing device and the computing device may be components.
  • One or more components may reside within a process or thread of execution, and a component may be localized on one computer or distributed among 2 or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • a component may, for example, pass a signal through a local system based on a signal having one or more data packets (such as data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems through signals). or remote process to communicate.
  • a signal having one or more data packets (such as data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems through signals). or remote process to communicate.
  • B corresponding to A indicates that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B according to A does not mean that B is only determined according to A, and B may also be determined according to A and/or other information.
  • an item includes one or more of the following: A, B, and C
  • the item can be any of the following: A; B, unless otherwise specified. ;C;A and B;A and C;B and C;A,B and C;A and A;A,A and A;A,A and B;A,A and C,A,B and B;A , C and C; B and B, B, B and B, B, B and C, C and C; C, C and C, and other combinations of A, B and C.
  • a total of three elements of A, B and C are used as examples above to illustrate the optional items of the item.
  • the terminal device and/or the network device may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the present application, these steps or operations are only examples, and the embodiments of the present application may also perform other operations or various Variation of operations.
  • various steps may be performed in different orders presented in the embodiments of the present application, and may not be required to perform all the operations in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory ROM, a random access memory RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置，包括：接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包，并在其网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃该M个数据包中优先级较低的N个数据包，N≤M；该接入网网元向该终端设备发送未被丢弃的数据包以及该N个数据包携带的表征数据包发送顺序的序号，并接收来自该终端设备的针对该N个数据包携带的该序号的ACK反馈。该方案通过仅传输媒体流中优先级较高的数据包并丢弃优先级较低的数据包，能够较大程度的保障用户侧的视频播放体验。并且，由于终端设备进行了ACK反馈，因此可以避免服务器侧对该N个数据包的重传，从而能够进一步保障优先级较高的数据包的传输。

Description

用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置
本申请要求于2020年10月30日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202011194461.9、发明名称为“用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置。
背景技术
媒体流量是第五代(5th generation，5G)移动网络中的主要承载流量，用户媒体体验很大程度上就决定了移动用户对整个移动网络业务体验。另外，媒体不断向超高清视频、360度全景、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)/虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)视频等新媒体形式发展，秒切秒开、快速码率自适应切换等时尚型控制需求对时延和带宽有越来越严苛的要求，单纯依赖媒体业务层自身的闭环控制难以满足用户的媒体体验要求。因此，有必要联合网络与媒体业务，通过网络辅助提升媒体业务的服务质量，优化用户的视频体验。
针对现有视频编解码方案，原始视频流经过编码器之后所得到的视频裸流将会在网络中进行传输，当视频流到达用户侧方能进行视频的播放。视频流中的媒体数据总是存在一定的差异性，像实时传输协议(real-time transport protocol，RTP)/实时信息传输协议(real time message protocol，RTMP)，直播传输流对应的是裸流，即H.264编码流，其中客户端播放严重依赖帧内(intra，I)帧，只有当I帧到达之后，才能进行媒体解码与播放；同理，对于可适性视频编码(scalable video coding，SVC)中的基础层、增强层以及VR/AR全景视频中的背景流、前景流，客户端的播放都会依赖于关键数据的正确接收。
在媒体流传输过程中，由于空口网络性能的波动，无法满足媒体流的带宽需求，关键数据包难以得到及时、可靠的传输保障，从而无法保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
发明内容
本申请提供一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法和通信装置，通过在网络性能较差时仅传输媒体流中优先级较高的数据包，丢弃媒体流中优先级较低的数据包，能够较大程度的保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
第一方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，包括：接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包，M为正整数，其中，所述M个数据包中的各数据包携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号；在所述接入网网元的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，所述接入网网元丢弃所述M个数据包中的N个数据包，N≤M，且N 为整数，其中，所述N个数据包的优先级低于所述M个数据包中其他数据包的优先级；所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包，以及所述N个数据包携带的所述序号；所述接入网网元接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的确认(acknowledge，ACK)反馈。
应理解，接入网网元接收到ACK反馈后，向服务器(或者说应用服务器)发送该ACK反馈。
可选地，接入网网元接收针对该N个数据包中每个数据包的ACK反馈。
比如，针对某一数据包的ACK反馈可以包括该数据包对应的序号。
可选地，接入网网元接收针对该N个数据包中对应序号最大的数据包的ACK反馈。
比如，该ACK反馈可以包括该N个数据包中对应序号最大的数据包的序号。
可选地，所述N个数据包包括下述中的一项或多项：画面组(group of pictures，GOP)中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述媒体流的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
根据本申请提供的用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，在接入网网元的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，接入网网元通过传输媒体流中优先级较高的数据包(例如，I帧、基础层或者前景流数据等对应的数据包)，丢弃媒体流中优先级较低的数据包(例如，B帧/P帧、增强层或者背景流数据等对应的数据包)，能够较大程度的保障优先级较高的数据包传输至终端设备，即较大程度的保障媒体流中的关键数据到达终端设备，从而能够提高用户侧的视频播放体验。并且，由于终端设备对这N个数据包进行了ACK反馈，因此可以避免服务器侧对该N个数据包的重传，从而能够避免由于重传对优先级高的数据包的传输的影响，进一步保障优先级较高的数据包的传输。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述接入网网元接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包。
应理解，接入网网元在接收到第一指示信息后，将向服务器侧发送第一指示信息。
通常，如果服务器侧接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈，则认为该ACK反馈对应的数据包被终端设备正确接收，从而认为网络状况良好，进而增加数据发送量。然而，基于本申请提供的方案，由于终端设备可以针对被接入网网元丢弃的数据包进行ACK反馈，因此如果服务器侧在接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈后增加数据发送量，可能导致网络状况进一步恶化，而通过终端设备发送第一指示信息，可以使得服务器侧获知ACK反馈是针对终端设备未接收到的数据包的反馈，从而服务器侧在评估网络状况时可以不考虑该数据包的发送情况，这样一定程度上能够避免因此服务器侧对网络状况的评估不准确而增加数据发送量所导致的网络状况进一步恶化。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述接入网网元接收来自所述终端设备的与所述ACK反馈对应的数据包的长度信息。
如果终端设备针对该N个数据包的每个数据包都进行ACK反馈，则与每个ACK反馈对应的长度信息为该数据包的长度。如果终端设备针对该N个数据包序号最大的数据包进行ACK反馈，则该长度信息为该N个数据包的总长度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述M个数据包中的每个数据包携 带优先级信息。
基于该方案，不需要接入网网元确定的数据包的优先级，能够简化接入网网元的操作。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在所述接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包之前，所述方法还包括：所述接入网网元接收来自所述用户面网元或者会话管理网元的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流；所述接入网网元根据所述第二指示信息，监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足所述终端设备的传输需求。
基于该方案，接入网网元可以根据用户面网元的指示，检测网络资源情况，以及时丢弃优先级较低的数据包，保障优先级较高的数据包的传输。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在所述接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包之前，所述方法还包括：所述接入网网元接收来自所述会话管理网元的第一消息，所述第一消息包括媒体流指示信息、标识信息、传输层指示信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在监测到所述接入网网元的网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，所述传输层指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
第二方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，包括：用户面网元根据下述信息确定接收到的媒体流的数据包在所述媒体流中的优先级：所述数据包是否为一个画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数；所述用户面网元向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包。
根据本申请提供的方法，通过由用户面网元确定媒体流的数据包的优先级，并将优先级信息携带在数据包中，可以使得接入网网元根据数据包的优先级信息对数据包进行发送或丢弃处理，从而有效保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，所述数据包还携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在所述用户面网元向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包之前，所述方法还包括：所述用户面网元向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流，以使所述接入网网元监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足终端设备的传输需求。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在所述用户面网元向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息之前，所述方法还包括：所述用户面网元接收来自会话管理网元的媒体流指示信息、标识信息和包检测规则(packet detection rule，PDR)，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，所述PDR用于所述用户面网元检测所述媒体流。
第三方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，其特征在于，包括：终端设备接收来自接入网网元的表征媒体流的数据包发送顺序的序号；若所述终端设备未接收到 所述序号对应的数据包，所述终端设备向所述接入网网元发送确认ACK反馈。
一般情况下，终端设备在成功接收数据包后会进行ACK反馈，服务器侧接收到ACK反馈后不再重传该数据包。终端设备如果没有成功接收数据包，则不会进行ACK反馈，相应地服务器侧如果长期没有接收到终端设备的ACK反馈，则会进行数据包的重传。在本申请中，如果按照这种常规方式进行处理，由于终端设备没有接收到被接入网设备丢弃的数据包，因此终端设备不会对该数据包进行ACK反馈，而服务器侧将对该数据包进行重传，这样可能会在接入网网元的网络资源本身已经不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，进一步加重网络状况恶化，影响优先级高的数据包的传输。
而根据本申请提供的上述方案，由于终端设备对该数据包进行了ACK反馈，因此可以避免服务器侧对该数据包的重传，从而能够避免由于重传对优先级高的数据包的传输的影响，保障优先级较高的数据包的传输。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备向所述接入网网元发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述数据包。
通常，如果服务器侧接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈，则认为该ACK反馈对应的数据包被终端设备正确接收，从而认为网络状况良好，进而增加数据发送量。然而，基于本申请提供的方案，由于终端设备可以针对被接入网网元丢弃的数据包进行ACK反馈，因此如果服务器侧在接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈后增加数据发送量，可能导致网络状况进一步恶化，而通过终端设备发送第一指示信息，可以使得服务器侧获知ACK反馈是针对终端设备未接收到的数据包的反馈，从而服务器侧在评估网络状况时可以不考虑该数据包的发送情况，这样一定程度上能够避免因此服务器侧对网络状况的评估不准确而增加数据发送量所导致的网络状况进一步恶化。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备向所述接入网网元发送所述ACK反馈对应的数据包的长度信息。
第四方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，包括：应用网元生成第一请求消息；所述应用网元向策略控制网元发送第一请求消息，所述第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息和流描述信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述流描述信息用于描述所述媒体流的数据特征。
基于该方案，策略控制网元可以进一步向会话管理网元提供与该媒体流相关的信息，进而会话管理网元向用户面网元/接入网网元/终端设备提供相应信息，使得用户面网元/接入网网元/终端设备可以根据相应的信息，在后续对该媒体流进行相应地优化处理，从而保障用户的媒体流业务体验。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一请求消息还包括传输层指示信息，所述传输层指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
第五方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，包括：策略控制网元接收来自应用网元的第一请求消息，所述第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息和流描述信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需 求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述流描述信息用于描述所述媒体流的数据特征；所述策略控制网元向会话管理网元发送第二响应消息，所述第二响应消息包括所述媒体流指示信息和媒体流数据包过滤器，其中，所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器用于所述会话管理网元生成PDR，所述PDR用于用户面网元检测所述媒体流。
基于该方案，会话管理网元进一步可以向用户面网元/接入网网元/终端设备提供相应信息，使得用户面网元/接入网网元/终端设备可以根据相应的信息，在后续对该媒体流进行相应地优化处理，从而保障用户的媒体流业务体验。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一请求消息还包括传输层指示信息，以及，所述第二响应消息还包括所述传输层指示信息，所述传输层指示信息用于指示接入网网元在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
第六方面，提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，包括：会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元的第二响应消息，所述第二响应消息包括媒体流指示信息和媒体流数据包过滤器，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器用于所述会话管理网元生成PDR，所述PDR用于用户面网元检测所述媒体流；所述会话管理网元向用户面网元发送会话建立请求消息，所述会话建立请求消息包括所述媒体流指示信息、标识信息以及所述PDR，所述标识信息用于指示所述媒体流的数据包所携带的优先级信息所指示的优先级；所述会话管理网元通过所述接入和移动管理网元向所述接入网网元发送所述媒体流指示信息和所述标识信息。
基于该方案，会话管理网元分别可以向用户面网元、接入网网元、终端设备提供相应信息，使得用户面网元、接入网网元、终端设备可以根据相应的信息，在后续对该媒体流进行相应地优化处理，从而保障用户的媒体流业务体验。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，所述方法还包括：所述会话管理网元通过接入和移动管理网元向所述终端设备发送所述媒体流指示信息。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，所述第二响应消息还包括传输层指示信息，以及，所述会话管理网元还通过所述接入和移动管理网元所述接入网网元发送所述传输层指示信息，所述传输层指示用于指示所述接入网网元在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
第七方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括用于执行第一方面至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法的各个模块或单元，或包括用于执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法的各个模块或单元。
第八方面，提供了一种装置，包括处理器。该处理器与存储器耦合，可用于执行存储器中的指令，以使得该装置执行上述第一方面至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法，或执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。可选地，该装置还包括存储器。可选地，该装置还包括接口电路，处理器与接口电路耦合。
第九方面，提供了一种处理器，包括：输入电路、输出电路和处理电路。该处理电路用于通过该输入电路接收信号，并通过该输出电路发射信号，使得该处理器执行第一方面 至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法，或执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
在具体实现过程中，上述处理器可以为芯片，输入电路可以为输入管脚，输出电路可以为输出管脚，处理电路可以为晶体管、门电路、触发器和各种逻辑电路等。输入电路所接收的输入的信号可以是由例如但不限于接收器接收并输入的，输出电路所输出的信号可以是例如但不限于输出给发射器并由发射器发射的，且输入电路和输出电路可以是同一电路，该电路在不同的时刻分别用作输入电路和输出电路。本申请实施例对处理器及各种电路的具体实现方式不做限定。
第十方面，提供了一种处理装置，包括处理器和存储器。该处理器用于读取存储器中存储的指令，并可通过接收器接收信号，通过发射器发射信号，以执行第一方面至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法，或执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
可选地，该处理器为一个或多个，该存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，该存储器可以与该处理器集成在一起，或者该存储器与处理器分离设置。
在具体实现过程中，存储器可以为非瞬时性(non-transitory)存储器，例如只读存储器(read only memory，ROM)，其可以与处理器集成在同一块芯片上，也可以分别设置在不同的芯片上，本申请实施例对存储器的类型以及存储器与处理器的设置方式不做限定。
上述第十方面中的处理装置可以是一个芯片，该处理器可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现，当通过硬件实现时，该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等；当通过软件来实现时，该处理器可以是一个通用处理器，通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现，该存储器可以集成在处理器中，可以位于该处理器之外，独立存在。
第十一方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当该计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法，或执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质存储有计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第六方面中任一方面提供的方法，或执行第一方面至第六方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
图1是可以应用于本申请的一种系统架构示意图。
图2是可以应用于本申请的5G系统架构示意图。
图3是本申请提供的一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的示意性流程图。
图4是本申请提供的一种建立PDU会话流程示意图。
图5是本申请提供的另一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的示意性流程图。
图6是本申请提供的另一种建立PDU会话流程示意图。
图7是本申请提供的一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的示意性流程图。
图8是本申请提供的一种通信装置的示意性框图。
图9是本申请提供了另一种通信装置的示意性结构图。
图10是本申请提供了一种终端设备的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、第五代(5th generation，5G)系统、新无线(new radio，NR)或未来可能出现的其他通信系统等。
图1示出了可以应用于本申请的系统100的架构图。如图1所示，该系统100可以包括下述中的一个或多个设备：终端设备101、接入网网元102、用户面网元103、数据网络104、接入和移动管理网元105、会话管理网元106、策略控制网元107、应用网元108、统一数据管理网元109和网络开放网元110。
终端设备101：可以是用户设备(user equipment，UE)、用户、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。例如，可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等。终端设备110还可以是上述各种设备中设置的装置或者电路结构，例如，芯片或者芯片系统。
接入网网元102：能够管理无线资源，为终端设备提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和用户数据在终端设备和核心网之间的转发。
接入网网元102可以是传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、LTE系统中的演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)、云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器、中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备、5G移动通信系统中的下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、未来演进的陆上公用移动通信网(public land mobile network，PLMN)网络中的接入网网元、接入点(access point，AP)等。
用户面网元103：主要负责数据包路由和转发。
数据网络104：可以是运营商服务，互联网接入或者第三方服务，如IP多媒体业务(IP Multi-media Service，IMS)、互联网等。DN中可以包括应用服务器(application server，AS)，AS是一种软件框架，提供一个应用程序运行的环境，用于为应用程序提供安全、数据、事务支持、负载平衡大型分布式系统管理等服务。终端设备通过与AS通信获取应用报文。
接入和移动管理网元105：主要负责移动网络中的移动性管理，如用户位置更新、用户注册网络、用户切换等。
会话管理网元106：主要负责移动网络中的会话管理，如会话建立、修改、释放。具体功能如为用户分配IP地址、选择提供报文转发功能的用户面网元等。
策略控制网元107：负责向接入和移动管理网元、会话管理网元提供策略，如服务质量(quality of service，QoS)策略、切片选择策略等。
应用网元108：负责向3GPP网络提供业务、与策略控制网元之间交互以进行策略控制等。
统一数据管理网元109：用于存储用户数据，如签约信息、鉴权/授权信息。
网络开放网元110：提供网络能力开放相关的框架、鉴权和接口，在5G系统网络功能和其他网络功能之间传递信息。
应理解，上述各设备或网元可以是具有相应功能的装置，可以是该装置内部的软/硬件模块(如芯片)等。还应理解，本申请所涉及的任一设备或网元可以以软件形式、软硬件结合形式的方式实现。
在一个示例中，图1所示的系统100可以是图2所示的5G系统。应理解，系统100还可以是4G系统或者其他系统，本申请对此不作限定。
图2是一种5G系统架构示意图。该系统架构图中，与图1中附图标记相同的网元是图1中相应的网元在当前5G系统中的命名。参见图2，该5G系统架构可以包括下述一个或多个网元：UE 101、(无线)接入网((radio)access network，(R)AN)102、用户平面功能(user plane function，UPF)103、数据网络(data network，DN)104、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)105、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)106、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)107、应用功能(application function，AF)108、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)109以及网络开放功能(network exposure function)110。
应理解，图2所示的各个网元的命名仅是一个名字，名字对网元本身的功能不构成限定。在不同的网络中，上述各个网元也可以是其他的名字，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。例如，在6G网络中，上述各个网元中的部分或全部可以沿用5G中的术语，也可能是其他命名。类似地，图2所示的网元之间的接口仅是一个示例，在5G网络以及未来其它的网络中，网元之间的接口也可以不是图中所示的接口，本申请对此不作限定。
还应理解，本申请实施例并不限于图2所示的系统架构中。例如，可以应用本申请的通信系统可以包括更多或更少的网元或设备。图2中的设备或网元可以是硬件，也可以是从功能上划分的软件或者以上二者的结合。图2中的设备或网元之间可以通过其他设备或网元通信。
新媒体行业快速发展的同时，对通信技术提出了新的需求。媒体行业激增的数据量对网络传输能力提出了前所未有的挑战，尤其是超高清视频、VR全景视频等新兴媒体流的出现。5G技术能够使得媒体行业实时高清渲染和大幅降低设备对本地计算能力的需求得以落地，可以使大量数据被实时传输，降低网络延时，不仅可满足超高清视频直播，还能让AR/VR对画质和时延要求较高的应用获得长足发展。
从网络层来看，媒体流量是移动网络的主要承载流量，用户媒体体验很大程度上就决定了移动用户对整个移动网络业务体验；从业务层来看，媒体不断向超高清视频、360度全景/VR视频等新媒体形式发展，秒切秒开、快速码率自适应切换等新型控制需求对时延和带宽有越来越严苛的要求，单纯依赖媒体业务层自身的闭环控制难以满足用户的媒体体验要求。因此，有必要联合网络与媒体业务，通过网络辅助提升媒体业务的服务质量，优 化用户的视频体验，尤其是对于AR/VR全景视频流、4K/8K超高清视频流。
针对现有的包括H.264/增强视频编码(advanced video coding，AVC)、高效视频压缩编码(high efficiency video coding，HEVC)以及SVC/可伸缩高效视频编码(scalability extension of HEVC，SHVC)在内的多种视频编解码方案，原始视频流经过编码器之后所得到的视频裸流将会在网络中进行传输，当视频流到达用户侧方能进行视频的播放。在码流信息中往往包括I帧、前向预测(predictive，P)帧与双向预测内插(bi-directional interpolated prediction，B)帧，其中I帧是指通过帧内的数据就能够进行完整解码的图像帧，P帧是指需要参考上一帧内容才能够完成视频解码的图像帧，而B帧是指需要参考前一帧与后一帧的内容才能够完成解码的图像帧。因此在媒体流传输与播放过程中，I帧的地位尤为重要，用户侧只能在接收到I帧之后才能够进行完整视频的解码与播放。类似的还包括SVC编码中的基础层(也称为基础层数据)与增强层(也称为增强层数据)之分，以及目前AV/VR视频业务中常用的前景流(也称为前景流数据)与背景流(也称为背景流数据)。其中，基础层包含视频信号基本的也是最重要的信息，接收端接收到基础层就可重建得到基本质量的图像；增强层包含视频信号的细节信息，接收端将基础层和增强层一起解码，可以重建出更高质量的图像。为了保障用户媒体观看体验，降低网络传输带宽，在AR/VR视频流传输过程中，将之分为低画质的全景背景流与高画质对应用户视角的前景流，此时前景流的可靠传输与解码对于确保用户体验来讲尤为重要。
在媒体流传输过程中，由于空口网络性能的波动，无法满足媒体流的带宽需求，关键数据包(例如，I帧、基础层或者前景流数据等对应的数据包)难以得到及时、可靠的传输保障，从而无法保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
有鉴于此，本申请提供了一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，通过在网络性能较差时仅传输媒体流中优先级较高的数据包(例如，I帧、基础层或者前景流数据等对应的数据包)，丢弃媒体流中优先级较低的数据包(例如，B帧/P帧、增强层或者背景流数据等对应的数据包)，能够较大程度的保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
下面结合附图，对本申请提供的方案进行详细说明。
图3是本申请提供的一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的示意性流程图。下面该方法300中的各步骤进行说明。
S310，用户面网元向接入网网元发送媒体流的数据包。
S320，在接入网网元的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，接入网网元丢弃该媒体流的M个数据包中的N个数据包，N≤M，且M和N均为整数。
应理解，该M个数据包是用户面网元向接入网网元发送的、接入网网元当前还未向终端设备发送的该媒体流的数据包。也就是说，该M个数据包是接入网网元当前缓存的该媒体流的数据包。该N个数据包为接入网网元当前缓存的该媒体流的数据包中的部分或全部数据包。
其中，该N个数据包的优先级低于该M个数据包中其他数据包的优先级。比如，假设该M个数据包为数据包#1至数据包#5，且数据包#1至数据包#5的优先级分别为1、1、2、3、2，其中数字越大表示优先级越高，则该N个数据包可以是优先级为1的数据包，即数据包#1和数据包#2，或者，该N个数据包可以是优先级为1和2的数据包，即数据包#1、数据包#2、数据包3和数据包#5，或者，该N个数据包可以是数据包#1至数据包 #5。
可选地，N的取值可以根据接入网网元的网络资源确定。比如，接入网网元的网络资源只能发送1M的数据，而当前接入网网元缓存有5M的数据，那么N个数据包的大小总共可以是4M。
可选地，该N个数据包可以包括下述中的一项或多项：GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、该媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、该媒体流的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
比如，可以根据优先丢弃最后的B帧对应的数据包，其次按照P帧由后往前的顺序丢弃P帧对应的数据包的顺序丢弃数据包。举例来说，假设该M个数据包总共对应2个GOP，每个GOP包括下述几个帧：I P P P B P。那么，如果这2个GOP中总共的2个B帧对应的数据包为N个，那么可以丢弃这2个GOP中的B帧；如果这2个GOP中总共的2个B帧对应的数据包为N-4，每个GOP中最后的一个P帧对应的数据包的个数为2，则可以丢弃这2个GOP中的B帧以及最后一个P帧。
再如，假设该媒体流采用SVC编码，则该媒体流的数据包可以对应基础层数据和增强层数据中的其中一种，即该媒体流的任一数据包要么对应基础层数据，要么对应增强层数据，其中基础层数据的优先级高于增强层数据的优先级。那么，该N个数据包可以是该M个数据包中对应增强层数据的数据包。
又如，假设该媒体流为AV/VR视频业务，则该媒体流的数据包可以对应前景流数据和背景流数据中的其中一种，其中前景流数据的优先级高于背景流数据的优先级。那么，该N个数据包可以是该M个数据包中对应背景流数据的数据包。
S330，接入网网元向终端设备发送该M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包。
比如，该M个数据包为数据包#1至数据包#5，该N个数据包为数据包#1和数据包#2，则接入网网元丢弃数据包#1和数据包#2，并且向终端设备发送数据包#3至数据包#5。
综上，根据本申请提供的用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，在接入网网元的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，接入网网元通过传输媒体流中优先级较高的数据包(例如，I帧、基础层或者前景流数据等对应的数据包)，丢弃媒体流中优先级较低的数据包(例如，B帧/P帧、增强层或者背景流数据等对应的数据包)，能够较大程度的保障优先级较高的数据包传输至终端设备，即较大程度的保障媒体流中的关键数据到达终端设备，从而能够提高用户侧的视频播放体验。
作为本申请一个实施例，在S310之前，该方法还可以包括：
S301，用户面网元确定该数据包在该媒体流中的优先级。相应地，用户面网元发送的该数据包可以携带指示该数据包优先级的优先级信息。
比如，用户面网元可以根据下述信息确定接该数据包在该媒体流中的优先级：该数据包是否为一个GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、该数据包是否为该媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、该数据包是否为该媒体流中的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
例如，一个GOP中不同帧的优先级依赖与该帧对于整个GOP解码体验的关键性，如最后一个B帧是最后解码的媒体帧，即该B帧不会对GOP内其他媒体解码造成影响，故可以将其优先级设置为最低。比如，一个GOP中的帧顺序为I P P B P，那么可以定义各 个帧的优先级分别为5、4、3、1、2，其中数值越大优先级越高。对应的，其中每个帧的数据包对应的优先级依次为5、4、3、1、2。
例如，一个GOP中的I帧、一个GOP中的最后Q个B帧、一个GOP中的最后Q个P帧对应的优先级分别为2、1、1，那么，若一个数据包对应一个GOP中的I帧，则该数据包的优先级为2；若一个数据包对应一个GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧，则该数据包的优先级为1。
例如，该媒体流中前景流数据的优先级高于背景流数据的优先级，比如，前景流数据的优先级为2，背景流数据的优先级为1，其中数值越大优先级越高。那么，若一个数据包对应的数据为前景流数据，则该数据包的优先级为2；若一个数据包对应的数据为背景流数据，则该数据包的优先级为1。
例如，该媒体流中基础层数据的优先级高于增强层数据的优先级，比如，基础层数据的优先级为2，增强层数据的优先级为1，其中数值越大优先级越高。那么，若一个数据包对应的数据为基础层数据，则该数据包的优先级为2；若一个数据包对应的数据为增强层数据，则该数据包的优先级为1。
应理解，本申请并不限定表示优先级的数值的取值。
在根据上述方案确定数据包的优先级时，用户面网元需要获知该数据包具体对应一个GOP中的I帧、P帧还是B帧，进一步地还需要知道该数据包对应该GOP中的第几帧。或者，用户面网元需要获知该数据包具体是背景流数据还是前景流数据。或者，用户面网元需要获知该数据包具体是基础层数据还是增强层数据。示例性的，在一种方式中，用户面网元可以通过解析该数据包中的数据部分，即净荷(payload)，获知上述信息，从而进一步确定该数据包的优先级。在另一种方式中，用户面网元可以通过该数据包的包头中携带的信息，获知上述信息，从而进一步确定该数据包的优先级。
在用户面网元确定该数据包在该媒体流中的优先级后，用户面网元还可以在该数据包中添加该数据包的优先级信息，即将表示该数据包的优先级的信息增加在该数据包中。相应地，接入网网元接收到的数据包携带其对应的优先级信息。
基于该方案，通过由用户面网元确定媒体流的数据包的优先级，并将优先级信息携带在数据包中，可以使得接入网网元根据数据包的优先级信息对数据包进行发送或丢弃处理，从而有效保障用户侧的视频播放体验。
需要说明的是，该数据包在该媒体流中的优先级也可以由接入网网元确定或者由发送该数据包的应用网元确定。接入网网元或者应用网元确定优先级的方式可以参照用户面网元确定优先级的方式，这里不再赘述。
作为本申请一个实施例，该媒体流的数据包还可以携带表征该数据包发送顺序的序号。
相应地，接入网网元在向终端设备发送该M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包时，还可以发送该N个数据包携带的序号。并且在此场景下，该方法还可以包括：
S340，终端设备向接入网网元发送针该N个数据包携带的序号的ACK反馈。
示例性的，一种方式中终端设备可以针对该N个数据包中每个数据包携带的序号都发送一个ACK反馈。在此方式下，服务器侧认为该N个数据包中每个数据包都被终端设备侧正确接收。另一种方式中终端设备可以仅发送一个ACK反馈，其中，该ACK反馈是针对该N个数据包携带的序号中最大序号的反馈。在此方式下，服务器侧认为该最大序号对 应的数据包以及序号小于该最大序号的数据包也被终端设备正确接收。
一般情况下，终端设备在成功接收数据包后会进行ACK反馈，服务器侧接收到ACK反馈后不再重传该数据包。终端设备如果没有成功接收数据包，则不会进行ACK反馈，相应地服务器侧如果长期没有接收到终端设备的ACK反馈，则会进行数据包的重传。在本申请中，如果按照这种常规方式进行处理，由于终端设备没有接收到被接入网设备丢弃的N个数据包，因此终端设备不会对这N个数据包进行ACK反馈，而服务器侧将对这N个数据包进行重传，这样可能会在接入网网元的网络资源本身已经不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，进一步加重网络状况恶化，影响优先级高的数据包的传输。
而根据本申请提供的上述方案，由于终端设备对这N个数据包进行了ACK反馈，因此可以避免服务器侧对该N个数据包的重传，从而能够避免由于重传对优先级高的数据包的传输的影响，保障优先级较高的数据包的传输。
应理解，所述序号可以是传输控制协议(transmission control protocol，TCP)序号，也可以是其他可以表征数据包发送顺序的信息，本申请对此不作限定。
可选地，接入网网元在向终端设备发送该N个数据包携带的序号时，还可以发送该序号对应的数据包的长度信息。以及，终端设备在向接入网网元发送针该N个数据包携带的序号的ACK反馈时，还可以发送长度信息。相应地，接入网网元向服务器侧发送该长度信息。
如果终端设备针对该N个数据包的每个数据包都进行ACK反馈，则与每个ACK反馈对应的长度信息为该数据包的长度。如果终端设备针对该N个数据包序号最大的数据包进行ACK反馈，则该长度信息为该N个数据包的总长度。
比如，假设该N个数据包的序号分别为0和1，在一种方式中，终端设备可以针对序号为0的数据包进行ACK反馈并且反馈序号为0的数据包的长度信息(比如，200bytes)，以及，终端设备可以针对序号为1的数据包进行ACK反馈并且反馈序号为1的数据包的长度信息(比如，201bytes)。另一种方式中，终端设备可以仅针对序号为1的数据包进行ACK反馈并且反馈数据包的长度信息，该长度信息为序号为0和1这两个数据包的总长度(比如，401bytes)。
可选地，该方法还可以包括：
S350，终端设备向接入网网元发送第一指示信息，该第一指示信息用于指示终端设备未接收到ACK反馈对应的序号所对应的数据包。
接入网网元在接收到第一指示信息后，将向服务器侧发送第一指示信息。
通常，如果服务器侧接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈，则认为该ACK反馈对应的数据包被终端设备正确接收，从而认为网络状况良好，进而增加数据发送量。然而，基于本申请提供的方案，由于终端设备可以针对被接入网网元丢弃的数据包进行ACK反馈，因此如果服务器侧在接收到终端设备发送的ACK反馈后增加数据发送量，可能导致网络状况进一步恶化，而通过终端设备发送第一指示信息，可以使得服务器侧获知ACK反馈是针对终端设备未接收到的数据包的反馈，从而服务器侧在评估网络状况时可以不考虑该数据包的发送情况，这样一定程度上能够避免因此服务器侧对网络状况的评估不准确而增加数据发送量所导致的网络状况进一步恶化。
下面以本申请的方案应用于图2所示的5G系统为例，对本申请提供的实施例进行详 细说明。其中，下文中的AF、AS以及上述中的服务器可以相互替换。应理解，在本申请的方案应用于其他系统中时，图4至图7中所涉及的各网元为相应系统中对应的网元。
图4是一种PDU会话建立流程示意图。该流程可以是媒体流使用TCP传输协议时，PDU会话建立的过程，但本申请对此不作限定。在按照图4所示的流程建立了PDU会话后，就可以按照图5所示的流程，传输媒体流的数据包。其中，图5所示的方法500对应于上文描述的在数据包中携带序号的方案。下面对图4所示的流程中的各步骤进行说明。
S401，AF生成第一请求消息。
S402，AF通过NEF向PCF发送第一请求消息。相应地，PCF通过NEF接收来自AF的第一请求消息。其中，NEF是可选的，如果AF是在网络的可信区域内，那么则不需要NEF，否则需要通过NEF与PCF进行交互。
其中，第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息、流描述信息和传输层指示信息。
其中，流描述信息用于描述一个数据流的数据特征，本申请中该数据流为所述媒体流。例如，流描信息可以包括下述中的一项或多项：终端设备的IP地址、终端设备的传输层端口、服务器的IP地址、服务器的传输层端口以及传输层协议类型。
媒体流指示信息用于指示该流描述信息所描述的数据流为媒体流。进一步地，该媒体流指示信息还可以指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包。
传输层指示信息用于指示RAN在丢弃媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向UE发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
示例性的，第一请求消息可以是AF请求消息，具体的服务消息可以是Nnef_ServiceParameter_Create/Update/Delete Request。
S403，UE向AMF发送PDU会话建立请求消息。相应地，AMF接收来自UE的PDU会话建立请求消息。
具体地，UE建立PDU会话时，发送PDU会话建立请求消息至AMF侧。其中，该PDU会话建立请求包含在UE向AMF发送的NAS消息中。
S404，AMF向SMF发送接收到的PDU会话建立请求消息。
例如，AMF可以通过Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext服务将接收到的PDU会话建立请求消息发送给SMF，进行PDU会话上下文的建立。
S405，SMF接收到PDU会话建立请求消息后，可以向PCF发送第二请求消息。相应地，PCF接收来自SMF的第二请求消息。
第二请求消息用于发起会话管理策略关联建立，请求创建与PCF之间的会话管理策略关联。
S406，PCF向SMF发送第二响应消息。相应地，SMF接收来自PCF的第二响应消息。
PCF接收到第二请求消息后，可以向SMF返回来自AF的媒体流指示信息、传输层指示信息以及媒体流数据包过滤器。同时，PCF还可以将PDU会话的策略与计费控制规则(policy and charging control，PCC)规则发送给SMF。
S407，SMF根据所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器生成PDR。
其中，该PDR用于检测所述流描述信息所描述的媒体流。
S408，SMF向UPF发送会话建立请求消息。
该会话建立请求消息可以包括所述媒体流指示信息、标识信息以及所述PDR。其中，所述标识信息用于指示所述媒体流的数据包所携带的优先级信息所指示的优先级。
应理解，在后续接收到该媒体流的数据包后，UPF可以根据该标识信息，在数据包中添加指示该数据包优先级的优先级信息。
示例性的，该会话建立请求消息可以是N4会话建立请求消息。其中，N4为SMF和UPF之间的接口。
S409，UPF向SMF发送会话建立响应消息。
示例性的，该会话建立响应消息可以为N4会话建立响应消息。
S410，SMF向RAN发送所述媒体流指示信息、所述标识信息和所述传输层指示信息。
S411，SMF向UE发送所述媒体流指示信息。
比如，SMF可以将所述媒体流指示信息放入N1 SM消息中，将所述媒体流指示信息、所述标识信息和所述传输层指示信息放入N2 SM消息中，并通过Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer服务将N1SM和N2 SM消息发送至AMF侧。然后，AMF通过N2 PDU会话请求(PDU Session Request)服务将发往UE的NAS信息以及发往RAN的N2 SM消息发送至RAN侧。接着，RAN将来自AMF的NAS下行信息发送至UE侧。
RAN和UE在接收到SMF发送的信息后，可以保存这些信息，等待后续接收到该媒体流的数据包后进行相应处理。比如，RAN可以在其网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃优先级较低的数据包。UE可以向针对被丢弃的数据包对应的序号进行ACK反馈。应理解，本申请并不限定S410和S411的先后顺序。
S412，RAN告知AMF对应的AN隧道信息、支持的QoS流信息等。
比如，PAN可以通过N2 PDU会话响应(N2 PDU Session Response)服务告知AMF对应的AN隧道信息、支持QoS流信息等。
S413，后续的PDU会话建立流程。
关于后续的PDU会话建立流程可以参考现有技术，比如可以参考TS23.502中的图4.3.2.2.1-1所示的PDU会话建立流程中的步骤15-21，本文中不再对此进行详述。
综上，根据本申请提供的建立PDU会话流程，在PDU会话建立过程之中，AF可以将媒体流的相关信息发送给PCF，PCF通过与SMF的交互，使得SMF可以在会话创建时向UE/RAN/UPF发送相应的该媒体流的信息，进而可以确保UE/RAN/UPF能够在后续对AF提供的流描述信息所描述的媒体流进行相应地优化处理，从而保障用户的媒体流业务体验。
图5是本申请提供的用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的一个具体实施例。下面对图5所示的方法500的各步骤进行说明。
S501，AS发送所述流描述信息所描述的媒体流的数据包。
其中，该数据包携带表征该数据包发送顺序的序号。例如，该数据包可以携带TCP序号。
可选地，该数据包还可以携带类型信息，比如，该数据包的TCP/IP头可以携带该类型信息。其中，该类型信息用于指示该数据包对应一个GOP中的I帧、P帧还是B帧，进一步地还可以指示该数据包对应该GOP中的第几帧。或者，用该类型信息用于指示该 数据包是背景流数据还是前景流数据。或者，该类型信息用于指示该数据包是基础层数据还是增强层数据。
可选地，该数据包还可以携带优先级信息，比如，该数据包的TCP/IP头可以携带该优先级信息。该优先级信息用于指示该数据包的优先级。如前所述，AS确定该数据包的优先级的方式可以参考UPF确定该数据包的优先级的方式。
S502，UPF检测到接收到的数据包为该媒体流的数据包后，向RAN发送第二指示信息。相应地，RAN接收第二指示信息。
一种方式中，UPF可以采用控制面的方式发送第二指示信息。比如，UPF可以通过N4会话上报第二指示信息，然后SMF通过N2 SM消息将第二指示信息发送给RAN。
另一种方式中，UPF可以采用数据面的方式发送第二指示信息。比如，UPF可以在接收到该媒体流的第一个数据包时，在该第一个数据包的GPRS隧道协议(GPRS tunneling protocol，GTP)层携带第二指示信息，将第二指示信息发送给RAN。
S503，UPF向RAN发送该数据包。
可选地，该数据包可以携带优先级信息。
如前所述，第一种方式中，UPF可以自主确定该数据包的优先级。具体地，UPF可以通过解析该数据包，然后确定该数据包的优先级，最后再在该数据包中添加优先级信息。
第二种方式中，AS确定该数据包的优先级，然后将优先级信息携带在该数据包的包头中，UPF可以通过该数据包的包头获取该优先级信息。。在获得AF提供的优先级信息后，UPF再基于PDU会话建立过程中的步骤S408中由SMF提供的标识信息，在该数据包中添加RAN能够识别的优先级信息。
示例性的，UPF可以在该数据包的GTP层添加优先级信息。
S504，RAN接收到第二指示信息后，开始监测当前网络状况。
具体地，RAN接收到第二指示信息后，开始检测其网络资源是否能满足UE的传输需求。
S505，在RAN的网络资源不能满足UE的传输需求的情况下，RAN丢弃优先级较低的数据包。
该步骤具体可以参考S320，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是，若RAN接收到的数据包没有携带优先级信息，则RAN可以自己确定数据包的优先级，具体确定方式可以参考前文描述的UPF确定数据包的优先级的方式。
S506，RAN向UE发送M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包，并且发送被丢弃的N个数据包携带的序号。
比如，RAN可以通过PDCP层或者RRC消息发送该序号。
可选地，RAN还可以向UE发送该序号对应的数据包的长度信息。
关于S506具体可以参照方法300中对相关步骤的说明，这里不再赘述。
S507，UE向RAN发送针该N个数据包携带的序号的ACK反馈。
可选地，UE还可以向RAN发送该ACK反馈对应的数据包的长度信息和/或第一指示信息。
关于第一指示信息具体可以参照上文的说明，这里不再赘述。
S508，RAN向AS发送该ACK反馈。
具体地，RAN向UPF发送该ACK反馈，然后UPF再向AS发送该ACK反馈。
可选地，RAN还可以向AS发送该ACK反馈对应的数据包的长度信息和/或第一指示信息。
综上，根据本申请提供的方法，UPF可以在媒体流的数据包中添加优先级信息，在RAN的网络资源不能满足UE的传输需求的情况下，RAN可以根据数据包的优先级信息，丢弃优先级较低的数据包，确保优先级较高的数据包的传输，保障用户的基本媒体观看体验。同时，RAN通过向UE发送丢弃的数据包的序号，可以使得UE对其未接收到的数据包进行ACK反馈，从而可以避免服务器侧对被RAN丢弃的数据包的重传，进一步保障优先级高的数据包的传输。
图6是另一种PDU会话建立流程示意图。该流程可以是媒体流使用UDP传输协议时，PDU会话建立的过程，但本申请对此不作限定。在按照图6所示的流程建立了PDU会话后，就可以按照图7所示的流程，传输媒体流的数据包。其中，图7所示的方法700对应于不在数据包中携带序号的方案。下面对图6所示的流程中的各步骤进行说明。
S601，AF生成第一请求消息。
S602，AF通过NEF向PCF发送第一请求消息。相应地，PCF通过NEF接收来自AF的第一请求消息。其中，NEF是可选的，如果AF是在网络的可信区域内，那么则不需要NEF，否则需要通过NEF与PCF进行交互。
其中，第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息和流描述信息。
其中，流描述信息用于描述一个数据流的数据特征，本申请中该数据流为所述媒体流。例如，流描信息可以包括下述中的一项或多项：终端设备的IP地址、终端设备的传输层端口、服务器的IP地址、服务器的传输层端口以及传输层协议类型。
媒体流指示信息用于指示该流描述信息所描述的数据流为媒体流。进一步地，该媒体流指示信息还可以指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包。
示例性的，第一请求消息可以是AF请求消息，具体的服务消息可以是Nnef_ServiceParameter_Create/Update/Delete Request。
S603，UE向AMF发送PDU会话建立请求消息。相应地，AMF接收来自UE的PDU会话建立请求消息。
具体地，UE建立PDU会话时，发送PDU会话建立请求消息至AMF侧。其中，该PDU会话建立请求包含在UE向AMF发送的NAS消息中。
S604，AMF向SMF发送接收到的PDU会话建立请求消息。
例如，AMF可以通过Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext服务将接收到的PDU会话建立请求消息发送给SMF，进行PDU会话上下文的建立。
S605，SMF接收到PDU会话建立请求消息后，可以向PCF发送第二请求消息。相应地，PCF接收来自SMF的第二请求消息。
第二请求消息用于发起会话管理策略关联建立，请求创建与PCF之间的会话管理策略关联。
S606，PCF向SMF发送第二响应消息。相应地，SMF接收来自PCF的第二响应消息。
PCF接收到第二请求消息后，可以向SMF返回来自AF的媒体流指示信息和媒体流 数据包过滤器。同时，PCF还可以将PDU会话的PCC规则发送给SMF。
S607，SMF根据所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器生成PDR。
其中，该PDR用于检测所述流描述信息所描述的媒体流。
S608，SMF向UPF发送会话建立请求消息。
该会话建立请求消息可以包括所述媒体流指示信息、所述标识信息以及所述PDR。其中，所述标识信息用于指示所述媒体流的数据包所携带的优先级信息所指示的优先级。
应理解，在后续接收到该媒体流的数据包后，UPF可以根据该标识信息，在数据包中添加指示该数据包优先级的优先级信息。
示例性的，该会话建立请求消息可以是N4会话建立请求消息。其中，N4为SMF和UPF之间的接口。
S609，UPF向SMF发送会话建立响应消息。
示例性的，该会话建立响应消息可以为N4会话建立响应消息。
S610，SMF向RAN发送所述媒体流指示信息和所述标识信息。
比如，SMF可以将所述媒体流指示信息、和所述标识信息放入N2 SM消息中，并通过Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer服务将N2 SM消息发送至AMF侧。然后，AMF通过N2 PDU会话请求(PDU Session Request)服务将往RAN的N2 SM消息发送至RAN侧。
RAN在接收到SMF发送的信息后，可以保存这些信息，等待后续接收到该媒体流的数据包后进行相应处理。
应理解，本申请并不限定S610和S611的先后顺序。
S611，RAN告知AMF对应的AN隧道信息、支持QoS流信息等。
比如，PAN可以通过N2 PDU会话响应(N2 PDU Session Response)服务告知AMF对应的AN隧道信息、支持QoS流信息等。
S612，后续的PDU会话建立流程。
关于后续的PDU会话建立流程可以参考现有技术，比如可以参考TS23.502中的图4.3.2.2.1-1所示的PDU会话建立流程中的步骤15-21，本文中不再对此进行详述。
综上，根据本申请提供的建立PDU会话流程，在PDU会话建立过程之中，AF可以将媒体流的相关信息发送给PCF，PCF通过与SMF的交互，使得SMF可以在会话创建时向UE/RAN/UPF发送相应的该媒体流的信息，进而可以确保UE/RAN/UPF能够在后续对AF提供的流描述信息所描述的媒体流进行相应地优化处理，从而保障用户的媒体流业务体验。
图7是本申请提供的用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法的另一个具体实施例。下面对图7所示的方法700的各步骤进行说明。
S701，AS发送所述流描述信息所描述的媒体流的数据包。
可选地，该数据包还可以携带类型信息，比如，该数据包的TCP/IP头可以携带该类型信息。其中，该类型信息用于指示该数据包对应一个GOP中的I帧、P帧还是B帧，进一步地还可以指示该数据包对应该GOP中的第几帧。或者，用该类型信息用于指示该数据包是背景流数据还是前景流数据。或者，该类型信息用于指示该数据包是基础层数据还是增强层数据。
可选地，该数据包还可以携带优先级信息，比如，该数据包的TCP/IP头可以携带该优先级信息。该优先级信息用于指示该数据包的优先级。如前所述，AS确定该数据包的优先级的方式可以参考UPF确定该数据包的优先级的方式。
S702，UPF检测到接收到的数据包为该媒体流的数据包后，向RAN发送第二指示信息。相应地，RAN接收第二指示信息。
一种方式中，UPF可以采用控制面的方式发送第二指示信息。比如，UPF可以通过N4会话上报第二指示信息，然后SMF通过N2 SM消息将第二指示信息发送给RAN。
另一种方式中，UPF可以采用数据面的方式发送第二指示信息。比如，UPF可以在接收到该媒体流的第一个数据包时，在该第一个数据包的GTP层携带第二指示信息，将第二指示信息发送给RAN。
S703，UPF向RAN发送该数据包。
该步骤与S503相同，可以参照S503。
S704，RAN接收到第二指示信息后，开始监测当前网络状况。
具体地，RAN接收到第二指示信息后，开始检测其网络资源是否能满足UE的传输需求。
S705，在RAN的网络资源不能满足UE的传输需求的情况下，RAN丢弃优先级较低的数据包。
该步骤具体可以参考S320，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是，若RAN接收到的数据包没有携带优先级信息，则RAN可以自己确定数据包的优先级，具体确定方式可以参考前文描述的UPF确定数据包的优先级的方式。
S706，RAN向UE发送M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包。
综上，根据本申请提供的方法，UPF可以在媒体流的数据包中添加优先级信息，在RAN的网络资源不能满足UE的传输需求的情况下，RAN可以根据数据包的优先级信息，丢弃优先级较低的数据包，确保优先级较高的数据包的传输，保障用户的基本媒体观看体验。
应理解，本申请实施例的各个方案可以进行合理的组合使用，并且实施例中出现的各个术语的解释或说明可以在各个实施例中互相参考或解释，对此不作限定。
还应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。上述各个过程涉及的各种数字编号或序号仅为描述方便进行的区分，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以上，结合图2至图7详细说明了本申请实施例提供的方法。以下，结合图8至图10详细说明本申请实施例提供的装置。
图8是本申请实施例提供的通信装置的示意性框图。如图8所示，该通信装置1000可以包括收发单元1100和处理单元1200。
该收发单元2100可以包括发送单元和/或接收单元。该收发单元2100可以是收发器(包括发射器和/或接收器)、输入/输出接口(包括输入和/或输出接口)、管脚或电路等。该收发单元2100可以用于执行上述方法实施例中发送和/或接收的步骤。
该处理单元2200可以是处理器(可以包括一个多个)、具有处理器功能的处理电路等，可以用于执行上述方法实施例中除发送接收外的其它步骤。
可选地，该通信装置还可以包括存储单元，该存储单元可以是存储器、内部存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)、外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)等。该存储单元用于存储指令，该处理单元2200执行该存储单元所存储的指令，以使该通信装置执行上述方法。
一种设计中，该通信装置2000可以对应于上述方法实施例中的接入网网元(如RAN)，且可以执行接入网网元所执行的操作。
具体地，收发单元2100，用于接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包，M为正整数，其中，所述M个数据包中的各数据包携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号；处理单元2200，用于在所述装置2000的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述M个数据包中的N个数据包，N≤M，且N为整数，其中，所述N个数据包的优先级低于所述M个数据包中其他数据包的优先级；所述收发单元2100还用于，向所述终端设备发送所述M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包，以及所述N个数据包携带的所述序号；所述收发单元2100还用于，接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的确认ACK反馈。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于：接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包。
可选地，所述M个数据包中的每个数据包携带优先级信息。
可选地，所述N个数据包包括下述中的一项或多项：画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述媒体流的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于，接收来自所述用户面网元或者会话管理网元的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流；所述处理单元2200还用于，根据所述第二指示信息，监测所述装置2000的网络资源是否能满足所述终端设备的传输需求。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于：接收来自所述会话管理网元的第一消息，所述第一消息包括媒体流指示信息、标识信息、传输层指示信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述装置2000在监测到所述装置2000的网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述标识信息用于所述装置2000确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，所述传输层指示信息用于指示所述装置2000在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
应理解，收发单元2100以及处理单元2200还可以执行上述方法实施例中由接入网网元所执行的其他操作，这里不再一一详述。
一种设计中，该通信装置2000可以对应于上述方法实施例中的用户面网元(如UPF)，且可以执行用户面网元所执行的操作。
具体地，处理单元2200，用于根据下述信息确定接收到的媒体流的数据包在所述媒体流中的优先级：所述数据包是否为一个画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所 述媒体流中的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数；收发单元2100，用于向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包。
可选地，所述数据包还携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于：向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述收发单元2100接收到所述媒体流，以使所述接入网网元监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足终端设备的传输需求。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于：接收来自会话管理网元的所述媒体流指示信息、标识信息和PDR，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，所述PDR用于所述装置2000检测所述媒体流。
应理解，收发单元2100以及处理单元2200还可以执行上述方法实施例中由用户面网元所执行的其他操作，这里不再一一详述。
一种设计中，该通信装置2000可以对应于上述方法实施例中的终端设备，且可以执行远终端设备所执行的操作。
具体地，收发单元2100，用于接收来自接入网网元的表征媒体流的数据包发送顺序的序号；所述收发单元2100还用于，若所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包，向所述接入网网元发送确认ACK反馈。
可选地，所述收发单元2100还用于：发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述数据包。
应理解，收发单元2100以及处理单元220还可以执行上述方法实施例中由终端设备所执行的其他操作，这里不再一一详述。
此外，该通信装置2000还可以可对应于上述方法实施例中的其他网元，如应用网元(如AF或AS)、策略控制网元(如PCF)、会话管理网元(如SMF)等，且可以执行相应网元所执行的操作。
例如，该通信装置2000可对应于上述方法实施例中的应用网元时，处理单元2200用于，生成第一请求消息；收发单元2100用于，向策略控制网元发送第一请求消息，所述第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息和流描述信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述流描述信息用于描述所述媒体流的数据特征。
例如，该通信装置2000可对应于上述方法实施例中的策略控制网元时，收发单元2100用于，接收来自应用网元的第一请求消息，所述第一请求消息包括媒体流指示信息和流描述信息，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述流描述信息用于描述所述媒体流的数据特征；所述收发单元2100还用于，向会话管理网元发送第二响应消息，所述第二响应消息包括所述媒体流指示信息和媒体流数据包过滤器，其中，所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器用于所述会话管理网元生成PDR，所述PDR用于用户面网元检测所述媒体流。
例如，该通信装置2000可对应于上述方法实施例中的会话管理网元时，收发单元2100 用于，接收来自策略控制网元的第二响应消息，所述第二响应消息包括媒体流指示信息和媒体流数据包过滤器，其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，所述媒体流指示信息和所述媒体流数据包过滤器用于所述通信装置2000生成PDR，所述PDR用于用户面网元检测所述媒体流；所述收发单元2100还用于，向用户面网元发送会话建立请求消息，所述会话建立请求消息包括所述媒体流指示信息、标识信息以及所述PDR，所述标识信息用于指示所述媒体流的数据包所携带的优先级信息所指示的优先级；所述收发单元2100还用于，通过所述接入和移动管理网元向所述接入网网元发送所述媒体流指示信息和所述标识信息。
应理解，上述各个单元的划分仅仅是功能上的划分，实际实现时可能会有其它的划分方法。
还应理解，上述处理单元可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现，或者可以通过软硬结合的方式实现。
图9是本申请提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图。如图9所示，该通信装置3000可实现上述任一方法实施例中任一网元所能实现的功能。
通信装置3000可包括处理器3001。所述处理器3001也可以称为处理单元，可以实现一定的控制功能。所述处理器3001可以用于对该通信装置3000进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。
在一种可选的设计中，处理器3001也可以存有指令和/或数据，所述指令和/或数据可以被所述处理器3001运行，使得所述通信装置3000执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。
可选地，所述通信装置3000中可以包括存储器3002，其上可以存有指令，所述指令可在所述处理器上被运行，使得所述通信装置3000执行上述方法实施例中描述的方法。可选的，所述存储器中还可以存储有数据。可选的，处理器中也可以存储指令和/或数据。所述处理器和存储器可以单独设置，也可以集成在一起。例如，上述方法实施例中所描述的对应关系可以存储在存储器中，或者存储在处理器中。
可选地，所述通信装置3000可以包括基带电路3003，主要用于进行基带处理。
可选地，所述通信装置3000可以包括射频电路3004，主要用于射频信号的收发以及射频信号与基带信号的转换，例如用于发送上述方法实施例中的BAR帧。射频电路3004也可以称为收发单元、收发机、收发电路、或者收发器等等。
可选地，所述通信装置3000可以包括天线3005，主要用于信号的发送和接收。
可选地，所述通信装置3000可以包括总线3006，用于连接通信装置3000的各部分，如上述的处理器3001、存储器3002、基带电路3003、射频电路3004和天线3005。
图10为本申请提供的一种通信装置4000的结构示意图。为了便于说明，图10仅示出了通信装置4000的主要部件。该通信装置4000可实现上述任一方法实施例中终端设备的功能。
如图10所示，通信装置4000包括处理器和存储器。
可选地，通信装置4000包括控制电路、天线以及输入输出装置。
处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，以及对整个通信装置4000进行 控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据，例如用于支持通信装置4000执行上述方法实施例中所描述的终端设备所执行的操作。存储器主要用于存储软件程序和数据。控制电路主要用于基带信号与射频信号的转换以及对射频信号的处理。控制电路和天线一起也可以叫做收发器，主要用于收发电磁波形式的射频信号。输入输出装置，例如触摸屏、显示屏，键盘等主要用于接收用户输入的数据以及对用户输出数据。
当通信装置4000开机后，处理器可以读取存储单元中的软件程序，解释并执行软件程序的指令，处理软件程序的数据。当需要通过无线发送数据时，处理器对待发送的数据进行基带处理后，输出基带信号至射频电路，射频电路将基带信号进行射频处理后将射频信号通过天线以电磁波的形式向外发送。当有数据发送到通信装置4000时，射频电路通过天线接收到射频信号，将射频信号转换为基带信号，并将基带信号输出至处理器，处理器将基带信号转换为数据并对该数据进行处理。
本领域技术人员可以理解，为了便于说明，图10仅示出了一个存储器和处理器。在实际的通信装置4000中，可以存在多个处理器和存储器。存储器也可以称为存储介质或者存储设备等，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
作为一种可选的实现方式，处理器可以包括基带处理器和中央处理器，基带处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，中央处理器主要用于对整个通信装置4000进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。图10中的处理器集成了基带处理器和中央处理器的功能，本领域技术人员可以理解，基带处理器和中央处理器也可以是各自独立的处理器，通过总线等技术互联。本领域技术人员可以理解，通信装置4000可以包括多个基带处理器以适应不同的网络制式，通信装置4000可以包括多个中央处理器以增强其处理能力，通信装置4000的各个部件可以通过各种总线连接。所述基带处理器也可以表述为基带处理电路或者基带处理芯片。所述中央处理器也可以表述为中央处理电路或者中央处理芯片。对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理的功能可以内置在处理器中，也可以以软件程序的形式存储在存储单元中，由处理器执行软件程序以实现基带处理功能。
示例性的，在本申请实施例中，可以将具有收发功能的天线和控制电路视为通信装置4000的收发单元4001，将具有处理功能的处理器视为通信装置4000的处理单元4002。如图10所示，通信装置4000包括收发单元4001和处理单元4002。收发单元也可以称为收发器、收发机、收发装置等。可选的，可以将收发单元4001中用于实现接收功能的器件视为接收单元，将收发单元4001中用于实现发送功能的器件视为发送单元，即收发单元4001包括接收单元和发送单元。示例性的，接收单元也可以称为接收机、接收器、接收电路等，发送单元可以称为发射机、发射器或者发射电路等。
应注意，本申请实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，还可以是系统芯片(system on chip，SoC)，还可以是中央处理器(central processor unit，CPU)，还可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)，还可以是微控制器(micro controller unit，MCU)，还可以是可编程控制器 (programmable logic device，PLD)或其他集成芯片。可以理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当该计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行前述任一方法实施例任一网元(如，接入网网元、用户面网元、终端设备等)所执行的操作。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供了一种计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质存储有程序代码，当该程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行前述方法实施例中任一网元(如，接入网网元、用户面网元、终端设备等)所执行的操作。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供了一种系统，其包括任一方法实施例中的一个或多个网元。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信装置，包括处理器和接口；所述处理器用于执行上述任一方法实施例中的方法。
应理解，上述通信装置可以是一个芯片。例如，该处理装置可以是现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)，可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件，还可以是系统芯片(system on chip，SoC)，还可以是中央处理器(central processor unit，CPU)，还可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)，还可以是数字信号处理电路(digital signal processor，DSP)，还可以是微控制器(micro controller unit，MCU)，还可以是可编程控制器(programmable logic device，PLD)或其他集成芯片。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
可以理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包 括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，高密度数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disc，SSD))等。
上述各个装置实施例中网络设备与终端设备和方法实施例中的网络设备或终端设备完全对应，由相应的模块或单元执行相应的步骤，例如通信单元(收发器)执行方法实施例中接收或发送的步骤，除发送、接收外的其它步骤可以由处理单元(处理器)执行。具体单元的功能可以参考相应的方法实施例。其中，处理器可以为一个或多个。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上或分布在2个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地或远程进程来通信。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各个实施例未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施 例中。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，编号“第一”、“第二”…仅仅为了区分不同的对象，比如为了区分不同的网络设备，并不对本申请实施例的范围构成限制，本申请实施例并不限于此。
还应理解，在本申请中，“当…时”、“若”以及“如果”均指在某种客观情况下网元会做出相应的处理，并非是限定时间，且也不要求网元实现时一定要有判断的动作，也不意味着存在其它限定。
还应理解，在本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。
还应理解，在本申请各实施例中，“A对应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
还应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的类似于“项目包括如下中的一项或多项：A，B，以及C”表述的含义，如无特别说明，通常是指该项目可以为如下中任一个：A；B；C；A和B；A和C；B和C；A，B和C；A和A；A，A和A；A，A和B；A，A和C，A，B和B；A，C和C；B和B，B，B和B，B，B和C，C和C；C，C和C，以及其他A，B和C的组合。以上是以A，B和C共3个元素进行举例来说明该项目的可选用条目，当表达为“项目包括如下中至少一种：A，B，……，以及X”时，即表达中具有更多元素时，那么该项目可以适用的条目也可以按照前述规则获得。
可以理解的，本申请实施例中，终端设备和/或网络设备可以执行本申请实施例中的部分或全部步骤，这些步骤或操作仅是示例，本申请实施例还可以执行其它操作或者各种操作的变形。此外，各个步骤可以按照本申请实施例呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且有可能并非要执行本申请实施例中的全部操作。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的 部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器ROM、随机存取存储器RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包，M为正整数，其中，所述M个数据包中的各数据包携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号；
    在所述接入网网元的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，所述接入网网元丢弃所述M个数据包中的N个数据包，N≤M，且N为整数，其中，所述N个数据包的优先级低于所述M个数据包中其他数据包的优先级；
    所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包，以及所述N个数据包携带的所述序号；
    所述接入网网元接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的确认ACK反馈。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个数据包中的每个数据包携带优先级信息。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述N个数据包包括下述中的一项或多项：画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述媒体流的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元接收来自所述用户面网元或者会话管理网元的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流；
    所述接入网网元根据所述第二指示信息，监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足所述终端设备的传输需求。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接入网网元接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元接收来自所述会话管理网元的第一消息，所述第一消息包括媒体流指示信息、标识信息、传输层指示信息，
    其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在监测到所述接入网网元的网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，
    所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，
    所述传输层指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
  7. 一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    用户面网元根据下述信息确定接收到的媒体流的数据包在所述媒体流中的优先级：
    所述数据包是否为一个画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述数 据包是否为所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数；
    所述用户面网元向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据包还携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述用户面网元向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述用户面网元向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流，以使所述接入网网元监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足终端设备的传输需求。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述用户面网元向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述用户面网元接收来自会话管理网元的媒体流指示信息、标识信息和包检测规则PDR，
    其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，
    所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，
    所述PDR用于所述用户面网元检测所述媒体流。
  11. 一种用于传输媒体流的数据包的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备接收来自接入网网元的表征媒体流的数据包发送顺序的序号；
    若所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包，所述终端设备向所述接入网网元发送确认ACK反馈。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备向所述接入网网元发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述数据包。
  13. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收来自用户面网元的媒体流的M个数据包，M为正整数，其中，所述M个数据包中的各数据包携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号；
    处理单元，用于在所述装置的网络资源不能满足终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述M个数据包中的N个数据包，N≤M，且N为整数，其中，所述N个数据包的优先级低于所述M个数据包中其他数据包的优先级；
    所述收发单元还用于，向所述终端设备发送所述M个数据包中未被丢弃的数据包，以及所述N个数据包携带的所述序号；
    所述收发单元还用于，接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的确认ACK反馈。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    接收来自所述终端设备的针对所述N个数据包携带的所述序号的第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述M个数据包中的每个数据 包携带优先级信息。
  16. 如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述N个数据包包括下述中的一项或多项：画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述媒体流的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数。
  17. 如权利要求13至16中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述收发单元还用于，接收来自所述用户面网元或者会话管理网元的第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述用户面网元接收到所述媒体流；
    所述处理单元还用于，根据所述第二指示信息，监测所述装置的网络资源是否能满足所述终端设备的传输需求。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    接收来自所述会话管理网元的第一消息，所述第一消息包括媒体流指示信息、标识信息、传输层指示信息，
    其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述装置在监测到所述装置的网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，
    所述标识信息用于所述装置确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，
    所述传输层指示信息用于指示所述装置在丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包后，向所述终端设备发送表征被丢弃的数据包的发送顺序的序号。
  19. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于根据下述信息确定接收到的媒体流的数据包在所述媒体流中的优先级：
    所述数据包是否为一个画面组GOP中的最后Q个B帧或P帧对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的背景流数据对应的数据包、所述数据包是否为所述媒体流中的增强层数据对应的数据包，Q为正整数；
    收发单元，用于向接入网网元发送携带所述优先级信息的所述数据包。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述数据包还携带表征所述数据包发送顺序的序号。
  21. 如权利要求19或20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    向所述接入网网元发送第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述收发单元接收到所述媒体流，以使所述接入网网元监测所述接入网网元的网络资源是否能满足终端设备的传输需求。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    接收来自会话管理网元的所述媒体流指示信息、标识信息和包检测规则PDR，
    其中，所述媒体流指示信息用于指示所述接入网网元在其网络资源不能满足所述终端设备的传输需求的情况下，丢弃所述媒体流中优先级低的数据包，
    所述标识信息用于所述接入网网元确定接收到的所述媒体流的数据包的优先级，
    所述PDR用于所述装置检测所述媒体流。
  23. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于接收来自接入网网元的表征媒体流的数据包发送顺序的序号；
    所述收发单元还用于，若所述终端设备未接收到所述序号对应的数据包，向所述接入网网元发送确认ACK反馈。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    发送第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述终端设备未接收到所述数据包。
  25. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，所述处理器与存储器耦合，所述存储器用于存储程序或指令，当所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时，使得所述装置执行如权利要求1至6中任一项、7至10中任一项、或者11至12中任一项所述的方法。
  26. 一种可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序或指令，其特征在于，所述计算机程序或指令被执行时使得计算机执行如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法。
  27. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令使得计算机执行：如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法。
  28. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括下述中的一项或多项：如权利要求13至18中任一项所述的通信装置、如权利要求19至22中任一项所述的通信装置、如权利要求23至24中任一项所述的终端设备。
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