WO2022088686A1 - 一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统 - Google Patents

一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统 Download PDF

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WO2022088686A1
WO2022088686A1 PCT/CN2021/099375 CN2021099375W WO2022088686A1 WO 2022088686 A1 WO2022088686 A1 WO 2022088686A1 CN 2021099375 W CN2021099375 W CN 2021099375W WO 2022088686 A1 WO2022088686 A1 WO 2022088686A1
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gas
flue gas
heat exchange
exchange unit
air
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PCT/CN2021/099375
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English (en)
French (fr)
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熊敬超
王小龙
刘立新
刘子豪
夏小群
余永江
朱能闯
宋自新
张行
曾祺
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中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022088686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088686A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of gas-fired power generation, in particular to an energy-saving and emission-reduction system for tail gas of a gas boiler.
  • the common measure to reduce the exhaust gas temperature at the tail of the boiler is to set up an air preheater and increase its area, but the effect of reducing the flue gas temperature is limited, and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the air preheater is still ⁇ 200°C.
  • a flue gas-gas heat exchanger is usually installed after the air preheater. After passing through the flue gas-gas heat exchanger, the flue gas temperature can be further reduced to about 140°C.
  • the temperature is relatively high, and the flue gas temperature is still as high as about 160°C after passing through the flue gas-gas heat exchanger; or adopt other measures to cool the flue gas by introducing other cold sources, such as setting up a condensate water heat exchanger, but this solution will make the steam turbine heat up.
  • the consumption increases, which affects the overall economy of the unit.
  • the gas often contains some sulfur impurities, and the flue gas contains a certain amount of SO 2 after combustion.
  • the acid dew point temperature of the original flue gas of the boiler is about 120 °C, and the final flue gas-gas heat exchanger
  • the exhaust gas temperature is about 140°C, which is basically close to the limit of each heat exchanger.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas boiler tail flue gas energy-saving and emission reduction system, which solves the problem of further reducing the boiler tail flue gas temperature and improving boiler efficiency while meeting the emission requirements. At the same time, it can protect each heat exchange surface, reduce the risk of low temperature corrosion of the heat exchange surface, and improve the economy of the unit.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is a gas boiler tail gas energy saving and emission reduction system, including a gas boiler, a burner, a desulfurization tower, a desulfurizing agent injection system, a flue gas system, an air system, a gas system, a Heat device, dust collector and chimney;
  • the economizer of the gas boiler is connected with the desulfurization tower through the flue gas system, and the desulfurization agent injection system is connected with the flue gas system;
  • the desulfurization tower is connected in sequence through the flue gas pipeline a heat exchange device, a dust collector and a chimney;
  • a burner is installed on the gas boiler, the air system is communicated with the air inlet of the heat exchange device, and the air outlet of the heat exchange device is communicated with the burner;
  • the gas system is communicated with the gas inlet of the heat exchange device, and the gas outlet and the gas outlet of the heat exchange device are communicated with the burner.
  • the heat exchange device includes an air heat exchange unit and a gas heat exchange unit arranged in parallel, and the flue gas inlet of the air heat exchange unit and the flue gas inlet of the gas heat exchange unit are both connected with the desulfurization tower.
  • the flue gas outlet is communicated, and the flue gas outlet of the air heat exchange unit and the flue gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit are both communicated with the flue gas inlet of the dust collector;
  • the air system is connected to the air heat exchange unit.
  • the air inlet is communicated with, and the air outlet of the air heat exchange unit is communicated with the burner;
  • the gas system is communicated with the gas inlet of the gas heat exchange unit, and the gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit is communicated with the burner Connected.
  • the flue gas inlet of the air heat exchange unit is communicated with the desulfurization tower through the first flue gas inlet pipe, and the flue gas inlet of the gas heat exchange unit is communicated with the desulfurization tower through the second flue gas inlet pipe.
  • the first flue gas intake pipe and the second flue gas intake pipe are both provided with a flue gas regulating damper.
  • the flue gas outlet of the air heat exchange unit is communicated with the dust collector through a first flue gas outlet pipe, and the flue gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit is communicated with the dust collector through a second flue gas outlet pipe.
  • the first flue gas outlet pipe and the second flue gas outlet pipe are both provided with a flue gas temperature sensor.
  • the flue gas regulating damper is interlocked with the flue gas temperature sensor.
  • soot blowers are respectively provided on the flue gas side of the air heat exchange unit and the flue gas side of the gas heat exchange unit.
  • the gas heat exchange unit adopts the heat pipe type and the heat pipes are arranged vertically, the upper side is the gas flow, the lower side is the flue gas flow, and the middle is separated by a partition; or the gas heat exchange unit adopts the plate heat exchange type.
  • the air heat exchange unit adopts a tubular type and is arranged horizontally, and the flue gas goes outside the pipe and the air goes inside the pipe; or the air heat exchange unit adopts a tubular type and is arranged vertically, and the flue gas goes inside the pipe.
  • the air goes outside the pipe; or the air heat exchange unit adopts a heat pipe heat exchange type; or the air heat exchange unit adopts a plate heat exchange type.
  • the air system communicates with the blower muffler through the blower.
  • the dust collector communicates with the chimney through an induced draft fan.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention adopts the flue gas treatment process of first desulfurization and then cooling, which can effectively improve the desulfurization efficiency, greatly reduce the low temperature corrosion risk of the rear heat exchange surface, and improve the safety and economy of the unit;
  • the air heat exchange unit and the gas heat exchange unit are connected in parallel to reduce the temperature of the flue gas at the tail of the boiler.
  • the flue gas at the tail of the boiler is further reduced by only relying on the air and fuel required for the combustion of the boiler. temperature, improve boiler efficiency, thereby improving the overall economy of the unit;
  • the present invention adopts the flue gas regulating damper to distribute the amount of flue gas entering the air heat exchange unit and the gas heat exchange unit, and simultaneously adopts the flue gas temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the air heat exchange unit and the gas heat exchange unit. Monitoring, and feedback to the flue gas adjustment damper to adjust the amount of flue gas to ensure that the air heat exchange unit and the gas heat exchange unit can efficiently exchange heat and reduce the flue gas temperature;
  • the present invention uses a dust collector to dedust the flue gas after desulfurization and cooling, so as to meet the emission standard, and at the same time, a soot blower is arranged on the flue gas side of the air heat exchange unit and the gas heat exchange unit, which can timely and effectively remove and exchange The hot surface accumulates dust to ensure the heat exchange effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas boiler tail gas energy-saving and emission-reduction system provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple” is two or more.
  • the present embodiment provides a system for energy saving and emission reduction of flue gas at the tail of a gas boiler, including a gas boiler 9 , a burner 10 , a desulfurization tower 8 , a desulfurizing agent injection system 12 , a flue gas system 1 , and an air system 2 , gas system 3, heat exchange device, dust collector 14 and chimney 18;
  • the flue gas outlet side of the economizer 11 of the gas boiler 9 is communicated with the desulfurization tower 8 through the flue gas system 1, and the desulfurization agent is injected into the system 12 and
  • the flue gas system 1 is connected;
  • the desulfurization tower 8 is sequentially connected to a heat exchange device, a dust collector 14 and a chimney 18 through a flue gas pipeline;
  • a burner 10 is installed on the gas boiler 9, and the air system 2 is connected to the The air inlet of the heat exchange device is in communication, and the air outlet of the heat exchange device is in communication with the burner 10;
  • the gas system 3 is in
  • the desulfurizing agent is injected into the system 12 after the economizer 11 is installed, and the flue gas temperature is ⁇ 300°C at this time, which can improve the activity of the desulfurizing agent, so that the flue gas desulfurization treatment can be performed more efficiently, and a desulfurizing tower is arranged on the flue. 8. Further strengthen the desulfurization effect, and at the same time, it can ensure that the desulfurization effect is still better at low load.
  • the desulfurization is set after the economizer, and the consumption of desulfurization agent (such as baking soda) can be reduced, and the flue gas after desulfurization can be reduced.
  • the dust content in the middle is small, which has little impact on the rear heat exchange surface; and cooling after flue gas desulfurization can greatly reduce the risk of low-temperature corrosion on the heating surface and improve the safety and economy of the unit.
  • dry desulfurization is adopted, and the injection point of the desulfurizer is set on the flue gas system 1 at the outlet of the gas boiler 9.
  • the desulfurizer reacts with SO 2 in the flue gas in the flue gas system 1, and then enters the desulfurization tower 8, and further Strengthen the mixing of desulfurizer and flue gas and increase the reaction time; the flue gas after desulfurization enters the heat exchange device for heat exchange and then is sent to the dust collector 14, and the flue gas is dedusted, so that the dust emission in the flue gas meets the national emission standard.
  • the heat exchange device includes an air heat exchange unit 4 and a gas heat exchange unit 5 arranged in parallel.
  • the flue gas outlet of the desulfurization tower 8 is connected, and the flue gas outlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 and the flue gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5 are both communicated with the flue gas inlet of the dust collector 14;
  • the air system 2 is communicated with the air inlet of the air heat exchange unit 4, and the air outlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 is communicated with the burner 10;
  • the gas system 3 is communicated with the gas inlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5,
  • the gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5 communicates with the burner 10 .
  • the air heat exchange unit 4 and the gas heat exchange unit 5 are connected in parallel to cool down the flue gas after desulfurization, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit, and maximize the utilization of the cooling source air and the cooling source gas. Cooling capacity, maximally reduce the exhaust gas temperature, improve the efficiency of the unit and reduce the cost.
  • the flue gas inlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 is communicated with the desulfurization tower 8 through the first flue gas inlet pipe, and the flue gas inlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5 is connected to the desulfurization tower 8 through the second flue gas inlet pipe.
  • the desulfurization tower 8 is connected; the first flue gas inlet pipe and the second flue gas inlet pipe are both provided with a flue gas adjusting damper 6, which can adjust the amount of flue gas entering each heat exchange surface.
  • the flue gas outlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 is communicated with the dust collector 14 through the first flue gas outlet pipe, and the flue gas outlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5 is connected to the dust collector 14 through the second flue gas outlet pipe.
  • the dust collector 14 is connected; the first flue gas outlet pipe and the second flue gas outlet pipe are provided with a flue gas temperature sensor 7, which can timely feedback the cooling effect of the heat exchange surface, so as to facilitate the flue gas adjustment damper 6 Perform flue gas distribution.
  • the smoke regulating damper 6 is interlocked with the smoke temperature sensor 7 .
  • the flue gas regulating damper 6 at the inlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 and/or the inlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5 is adjusted according to the flue gas temperature detected by the flue gas temperature sensor at the outlet of the air heat exchange unit 4 and the outlet of the gas heat exchange unit 5
  • the flue gas adjusts the opening of the damper 6 to ensure reasonable distribution of the flue gas, so that the air heat exchange unit 4 and the gas heat exchange unit 5 can efficiently exchange heat, and the cooling effect of the flue gas reaches the required value.
  • soot blowers 13 are respectively provided on the flue gas side of the air heat exchange unit 4 and the flue gas side of the gas heat exchange unit 5, which can effectively remove the dust on the heat exchange surface in time and ensure the heat exchange effect.
  • the gas heat exchange unit 5 can adopt the heat pipe type and the heat pipes are arranged vertically, the upper side is the gas flow, the lower side is the flue gas flow, and the middle is separated by a partition; the heat pipe of the gas heat exchange unit 5 adopts fins.
  • the fin tube ensures the safety of the system while reducing the exhaust gas temperature; the heat pipes on the gas inlet side and the flue gas outlet side of the gas heat exchange unit 5 are made of ND steel, which further improves the corrosion resistance of the heat exchange tube and prolongs the gas heat exchange unit. 5 service life.
  • the gas heat exchange unit 5 may also adopt a plate heat exchange type.
  • the air heat exchange unit 4 can use a tubular type air preheater, which can reduce the investment cost of the overall system while ensuring the life of the air heat exchange unit 4; it can be arranged horizontally, and the flue gas goes out of the pipe. , the air flows inside the pipe, or a tubular type air preheater can be used and arranged vertically, the flue gas flows inside the pipe, and the air flows outside the pipe; Part of the heat exchange tube on the air inlet side of the unit 4 is made of ND steel, which further improves the corrosion resistance of the heat exchange tube and prolongs the service life of the air heat exchange unit 4 .
  • the air heat exchange unit 4 may also adopt a heat pipe heat exchange type or a plate heat exchange type.
  • the air system 2 communicates with the blower muffler 17 through the blower 16 .
  • the dust collector 14 communicates with the chimney 18 through the induced draft fan 15, and the flue gas after being dedusted by the dust collector 14 is pressurized by the induced draft fan 15 and then discharged through the chimney 18;
  • the dust collector 14 can be a bag filter.
  • the air required for boiler fuel combustion is sucked from the atmosphere by the blower 16 through the blower muffler 17, and then sent to the burner 10 after heat exchange by the air heat exchange unit 4 to be mixed with the fuel to assist the fuel combustion; the fuel is fed from the pipe network and passed through After heat exchange, the gas heat exchange unit 5 is sent to the burner 10 for combustion; the flue gas after combustion is discharged into the flue gas system after the furnace after passing through the heat exchange surfaces of the gas boiler 9.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the coal burner 11 is ⁇ 300°C.
  • a desulfurizing agent injection system 12 is set on the flue at the outlet of the economizer 11 to perform desulfurization treatment on the flue gas.
  • the flue gas and the desulfurizing agent are fully mixed and reacted in the desulfurization tower 8 and the flue.
  • the flue gas after desulfurization is sent to the air heat exchange unit 4 and the gas heat exchange unit 5 respectively through the flue gas adjustment damper 6 for cooling treatment.
  • the flue gas temperature is set on the outlet flue of the air heat exchange unit 4 and the gas heat exchange unit 5.
  • the sensor 7 tracks the cooling effect and feeds it back to the flue gas regulating damper 6 to adjust the amount of flue gas to ensure that the distribution of the flue gas is reasonable and the cooling effect of the flue gas reaches the required value; the flue gas after desulfurization and cooling is dedusted by the dust collector 14 After that, the net flue gas is boosted by the induced draft fan 15 and then discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 18 .
  • the SO 2 concentration of pollutants can meet the national emission requirements. Under the corresponding emission limit of 35 mg/Nm 3 , the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas is about 80 °C. After being dedusted by the dust collector 14, the concentration of pollutant dust can also meet the national emission requirements, so as to achieve the effect of emission reduction. After the flue gas is cooled by the air heat exchange unit 4 and the gas heat exchange unit 5, the temperature can be reduced to ⁇ 100°C, which can effectively recover the waste heat of the flue gas. Compared with the conventional scheme, the overall efficiency of the boiler can be increased by 2% to 3%, thus Energy saving effect is achieved.
  • this embodiment adopts the treatment scheme of first desulfurization and then cooling, and the temperature of the flue gas after cooling is still about 20°C higher than the acid dew point of the flue gas, which has a certain safety margin, which can ensure the safe and long-term operation of each heat exchange surface. Improve the economy of the unit.
  • the gas boiler tail gas energy saving and emission reduction system of this embodiment is not limited to the tail gas treatment of gas boilers, and is also applicable to the tail gas treatment of boilers burning other fuels; and the gas boiler tail gas energy saving of this embodiment
  • the emission reduction system is not limited to the use of air heat exchange units and gas heat exchange units for flue gas cooling, but also applies to systems with other cold sources for flue gas cooling.

Abstract

一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，包括煤气锅炉（9）、燃烧器（10）、脱硫塔（8）、脱硫剂喷入系统（12）、烟气系统（1）、空气系统（2）、煤气系统（3）、换热装置、除尘器（14）和烟囱（18）；煤气锅炉（9）的省煤器（11）烟气出口侧通过烟气系统（1）与脱硫塔（8）连通，脱硫剂喷入系统（12）与烟气系统（1）连通；脱硫塔（8）通过烟气管道依次连接换热装置、除尘器（14）和烟囱（18），空气系统（2）与换热装置的空气进口连通述换热装置的空气出口与燃烧器（10）连通；煤气系统（3）与所热装置的（煤气）进口连通，换热装置的煤气出口与燃烧器（10）连通。通过将脱硫剂喷入系统（12）设置在省煤器（11）后提高脱硫剂活性，更加高效的进行烟气脱硫处理。

Description

一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统 技术领域
本发明涉及燃气发电技术领域，具体涉及一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统。
背景技术
钢铁企业生产过程中有大量富余煤气产生，为了提高经济效益，改善环境，将富余煤气回收进行发电是钢铁较为常见的能源清洁利用措施。对于煤气锅炉而言，由于其自身特点，排烟热损失占锅炉热损失的80％以上，因而降低排烟热损失是提高煤气锅炉效率最有效的手段，而决定排烟热损失的最要因素是排烟温度，所以，提高锅炉热效率的主要途径是降低锅炉的排烟温度。
目前，常见的降低锅炉尾部排烟温度的措施是设置空气预热器并增大其面积，但其降低烟气温度的效果有限，空预器出口烟气温度仍然有～200℃。为进一步降低烟气温度，通常是在空预器后再设置烟气-煤气换热器，通过烟气-煤气换热器后，烟气温度可进一步降低到140℃左右，部分钢铁企业因煤气温度较高，经过烟气-煤气换热器后烟气温度仍然高达160℃左右；或采用引入其他冷源的措施进行烟气降温，如设置凝结水换热器，但此方案将使得汽机热耗增加，影响机组整体经济性。同时，煤气中往往含有部分硫杂质，经燃烧后烟气中含有一定量的SO 2，对煤气锅炉而言，锅炉原始烟气酸露点温度在120℃左右，最终烟气-煤气换热器后的排烟温度在140℃左右，基本接近了各换热器的极限。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种煤气锅炉尾 部烟气节能减排系统，解决了在满足排放要求的同时，进一步降低了锅炉尾部烟气温度，提高锅炉效率，同时可保护各换热面，降低换热面低温腐蚀风险，提高了机组经济性。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，包括煤气锅炉、燃烧器、脱硫塔、脱硫剂喷入系统、烟气系统、空气系统、煤气系统、换热装置、除尘器和烟囱；所述煤气锅炉的省煤器通过烟气系统与脱硫塔连通，所述脱硫剂喷入系统与所述烟气系统连通；所述脱硫塔通过烟气管道依次连接换热装置、除尘器和烟囱；所述煤气锅炉上安装有燃烧器，所述空气系统与所述换热装置的空气进口连通，所述换热装置的空气出口与所述燃烧器连通；所述煤气系统与所述换热装置的煤气进口连通，所述换热装置的煤气出口与煤气出口与所述燃烧器连通。
进一步地，所述换热装置包括并联设置的空气换热单元和煤气换热单元，所述空气换热单元的烟气进口和所述煤气换热单元的烟气进口均与所述脱硫塔的烟气出口连通，所述空气换热单元的烟气出口和所述煤气换热单元的烟气出口均与所述除尘器的烟气进口连通；所述空气系统与所述空气换热单元的空气进口连通，所述空气换热单元的空气出口与所述燃烧器连通；所述煤气系统与所述煤气换热单元的煤气进口连通，所述煤气换热单元的煤气出口与所述燃烧器连通。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元的烟气进口通过第一烟气进管与所述脱硫塔连通，所述煤气换热单元的烟气进口通过第二烟气进管与所述脱硫塔连通；所述第一烟气进管和所述第二烟气进管上均设有烟气调节风门。
更进一步地，所述空气换热单元的烟气出口通过第一烟气出管与所述除尘器连通，所述煤气换热单元的烟气出口通过第二烟气出管与所述除尘器连通； 所述第一烟气出管和所述第二烟气出管上均设有烟气温度传感器。
更进一步地，所述烟气调节风门与所述烟气温度传感器连锁。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元的烟气侧和所述煤气换热单元的烟气侧分别设置有吹灰器。
进一步地，所述煤气换热单元采用热管型式且热管垂直布置，上侧为煤气流程，下侧为烟气流程，中间采用隔板隔开；或者所述煤气换热单元采用板式换热型式。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元采用管式型式且卧式布置，烟气走管外流程，空气走管内流程；或者所述空气换热单元采用管式型式且立式布置，烟气走管内流程，空气走管外流程；或者所述空气换热单元采用热管换热型式；或者所述空气换热单元采用板式换热型式。
进一步地，所述空气系统通过送风机与送风机消音器连通。
进一步地，所述除尘器通过引风机与所述烟囱连通。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明采用先脱硫后降温的烟气处理工艺，可在有效提高脱硫效率的同时，大幅度降低尾部换热面的低温腐蚀风险，提高机组安全性及经济性；
(2)本发明采用空气换热单元和煤气换热单元并联的方式来降低锅炉尾部烟气温度，在不采用额外冷源前提下，仅依靠锅炉燃烧所需空气及燃料进一步降低锅炉尾部烟气温度，提高锅炉效率，从而提高机组整体经济性；
(3)本发明采用烟气调节风门对进入空气换热单元和煤气换热单元的烟气量进行分配，同时采用烟气温度传感器对空气换热单元和煤气换热单元出口的烟气温度进行监控，并反馈至烟气调节风门对烟气量进行调节，保证空气换热单元和煤气换热单元能高效进行换热，降低烟气温度；
(4)本发明采用除尘器对脱硫降温后的烟气进行除尘，以满足排放标准，同时在空气换热单元及煤气换热单元的烟气侧设置有吹灰器，可及时有效地清除换热面上积灰，保证换热效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统的示意图；
图中：1、烟气系统；2、空气系统；3、煤气系统；4、空气换热单元；5、煤气换热单元；6、烟气调节风门；7、烟气温度传感器；8、脱硫塔；9、煤气锅炉；10、燃烧器；11、省煤器；12、脱硫剂喷入系统；13、吹灰器；14、除尘器；15、引风机；16、送风机；17、送风机消音器；18、烟囱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征；在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，包括煤气锅炉9、燃烧器10、脱硫塔8、脱硫剂喷入系统12、烟气系统1、空气系统2、煤气系统3、换热装置、除尘器14和烟囱18；所述煤气锅炉9的省煤器11烟气出口侧通过烟气系统1与脱硫塔8连通，所述脱硫剂喷入系统12与所述烟气系统1连通；所述脱硫塔8通过烟气管道依次连接换热装置、除尘器14和烟囱18；所述煤气锅炉9上安装有燃烧器10，所述空气系统2与所述换热装置的空气进口连通，所述换热装置的空气出口与所述燃烧器10连通；所述煤气系统3与所述换热装置的煤气进口连通，所述换热装置的煤气出口与煤气出口与所述燃烧器10连通。本实施例将脱硫剂喷入系统12设置在省煤器11后，此时烟气温度～300℃，可提高脱硫剂活性，从而更加高效的进行烟气脱硫处理，并在烟道上设置脱硫塔8，进一步加强脱硫效果，同时可保证在低负荷时，脱硫效果仍然较优，经核算，脱硫设置在省煤器后，脱硫剂(如小苏打)耗量可降低，经脱硫后的烟气中粉尘含量较小，对后部换热面影响较小；且在烟气脱硫后再进行降温，可以大幅度降低受热面的低温腐蚀风险，提高机组安全性及经济性。
本实施例中采用是干法脱硫，脱硫剂喷入点设置在煤气锅炉9出口烟气系统1上，脱硫剂与烟气中SO 2在烟气系统1中反应，之后进入脱硫塔8，进一步加强脱硫剂与烟气混合并增加反应时间；经脱硫后的烟气进入换热装置换热后送入除尘器14，对烟气进行除尘处理，使得烟气中粉尘排放满足国家排放标准。
进一步地，所述换热装置包括并联设置的空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5，所述空气换热单元4的烟气进口和所述煤气换热单元5的烟气进口均与所述脱硫塔8的烟气出口连通，所述空气换热单元4的烟气出口和所述煤气换热单元5的烟气出口均与所述除尘器14的烟气进口连通；所述空气系统2与所述空气换 热单元4的空气进口连通，所述空气换热单元4的空气出口与所述燃烧器10连通；所述煤气系统3与所述煤气换热单元5的煤气进口连通，所述煤气换热单元5的煤气出口与所述燃烧器10连通。本实施例通过采用空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5并联的方式对脱硫后的烟气进行降温，在保证机组安全稳定运行的同时，可最大程度地利用冷源空气和冷源煤气的降温能力，最大化地降低排烟温度，提高了机组效率，降低成本。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元4的烟气进口通过第一烟气进管与所述脱硫塔8连通，所述煤气换热单元5的烟气进口通过第二烟气进管与所述脱硫塔8连通；所述第一烟气进管和所述第二烟气进管上均设有烟气调节风门6，可以对进入各换热面的烟气量进行调节。
更进一步地，所述空气换热单元4的烟气出口通过第一烟气出管与所述除尘器14连通，所述煤气换热单元5的烟气出口通过第二烟气出管与所述除尘器14连通；所述第一烟气出管和所述第二烟气出管上均设有烟气温度传感器7，能够及时反馈换热面的降温效果，以便于烟气调节风门6进行烟气分配。
更进一步地，所述烟气调节风门6与所述烟气温度传感器7连锁。本实施例据烟气温度传感器检测的空气换热单元4出口和煤气换热单元5出口的烟气温度，调节空气换热单元4进口的烟气调节风门6和/或煤气换热单元5进口的烟气调节风门6的开度，保证烟气的分配合理，使空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5能够高效进行换热，烟气的降温效果达到要求值。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元4的烟气侧和所述煤气换热单元5的烟气侧分别设置有吹灰器13，可及时有效地清除换热面上积灰，保证换热效果。
进一步地，所述煤气换热单元5可以采用热管型式且热管垂直布置，上侧为煤气流程，下侧为烟气流程，中间采用隔板隔开；所述煤气换热单元5的热 管采用翅片管，保证降低排烟温度的同时，保证系统安全；煤气换热单元5的煤气入口侧和烟气出口侧的热管采用ND钢材质，进一步提高换热管耐腐蚀性能，延长煤气换热单元5的使用寿命。本实施例中煤气换热单元5也可以采用板式换热型式。
进一步地，所述空气换热单元4可以采用管式型式空气预热器，在保证空气换热单元4寿命的同时，可降低整体系统的投资成本；可以卧式布置，烟气走管外流程，空气走管内流程，也可以采用管式型式空气预热器且立式布置，烟气走管内流程，空气走管外流程；空气换热单元4的换热管外镀搪瓷，且空气换热单元4的空气入口侧部分换热管采用ND钢材质，进一步提高换热管耐腐蚀性能，延长空气换热单元4的使用寿命。所述空气换热单元4还可以采用热管换热型式或板式换热型式。
进一步地，所述空气系统2通过送风机16与送风机消音器17连通。
进一步地，所述除尘器14通过引风机15与所述烟囱18连通，通过除尘器14除尘后的烟气通过引风机15加压后经烟囱18排放；除尘器14可以采用布袋除尘器。
采用本实施例的煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统来降低锅炉尾部排烟温度的过程如下：
锅炉燃料燃烧所需空气通过送风机16经送风机消音器17从大气中吸气，经空气换热单元4换热后送入燃烧器10与燃料混合后辅助燃料燃烧；燃料自管网送入，经煤气换热单元5换热后送入燃烧器10进行燃烧；燃烧后的烟气经煤气锅炉9各换热面后排入炉后烟气系统，对于超高压以上机组，煤气锅炉9尾部的省煤器11出口烟气温度～300℃，在省煤器11出口烟道上设置脱硫剂喷入系统12，对烟气进行脱硫处理，烟气和脱硫剂在脱硫塔8和烟道内充分混合反 应，经脱硫处理后的烟气经烟气调节风门6分别送入空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5进行降温处理，空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5出口烟道上设置有烟气温度传感器7对降温效果进行跟踪并反馈至烟气调节风门6进行烟气量的调节，保证烟气的分配合理，烟气的降温效果达到要求值；经脱硫降温后的烟气经过除尘器14除尘后，净烟气由引风机15升压后经烟囱18排入大气。
烟气经脱硫后，污染物SO 2浓度可满足国家排放要求，在对应的排放限值35mg/Nm 3下，烟气的酸露点温度80℃左右。经除尘器14除尘后，污染物粉尘浓度也可满足国家排放要求，从而达到减排效果。烟气经空气换热单元4和煤气换热单元5降温后，温度可降低至～100℃，可有效的回收烟气余热，相对于常规方案，锅炉整体效率可提高2％～3％，从而达到了节能效果。同时，本实施例采用的是先脱硫后降温的处理方案，降温后的烟气温度仍高于烟气酸露点20℃左右，具有一定的安全裕量，可保证各换热面安全长期运行，提高了机组的经济性。
本实施例的煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统并不限定于煤气锅炉的尾部烟气处理，同样适用于燃用其他燃料的锅炉尾部烟气处理；且本实施例的煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统并不限定于采用空气换热单元和煤气换热单元进行烟气降温，同样适用于有其他冷源进行烟气降温处理的系统。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：包括煤气锅炉、燃烧器、脱硫塔、脱硫剂喷入系统、烟气系统、空气系统、煤气系统、换热装置、除尘器和烟囱；所述煤气锅炉的省煤器通过烟气系统与脱硫塔连通，所述脱硫剂喷入系统与所述烟气系统连通；所述脱硫塔通过烟气管道依次连接换热装置、除尘器和烟囱；所述煤气锅炉上安装有燃烧器，所述空气系统与所述换热装置的空气进口连通，所述换热装置的空气出口与所述燃烧器连通；所述煤气系统与所述换热装置的煤气进口连通，所述换热装置的煤气出口与煤气出口与所述燃烧器连通。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述换热装置包括并联设置的空气换热单元和煤气换热单元，所述空气换热单元的烟气进口和所述煤气换热单元的烟气进口均与所述脱硫塔的烟气出口连通，所述空气换热单元的烟气出口和所述煤气换热单元的烟气出口均与所述除尘器的烟气进口连通；所述空气系统与所述空气换热单元的空气进口连通，所述空气换热单元的空气出口与所述燃烧器连通；所述煤气系统与所述煤气换热单元的煤气进口连通，所述煤气换热单元的煤气出口与所述燃烧器连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述空气换热单元的烟气进口通过第一烟气进管与所述脱硫塔连通，所述煤气换热单元的烟气进口通过第二烟气进管与所述脱硫塔连通；所述第一烟气进管和所述第二烟气进管上均设有烟气调节风门。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述空气换热单元的烟气出口通过第一烟气出管与所述除尘器连通，所述煤气换热单元的烟气出口通过第二烟气出管与所述除尘器连通；所述第一烟气出管和所述第二烟气出管上均设有烟气温度传感器。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述烟气调节风门与所述烟气温度传感器连锁。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述空气换热单元的烟气侧和所述煤气换热单元的烟气侧分别设置有吹灰器。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述煤气换热单元采用热管型式且热管垂直布置，上侧为煤气流程，下侧为烟气流程，中间采用隔板隔开；或者所述煤气换热单元采用板式换热型式。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述空气换热单元采用管式型式且卧式布置，烟气走管外流程，空气走管内流程；或者所述空气换热单元采用管式型式且立式布置，烟气走管内流程，空气走管外流程；或者所述空气换热单元采用热管换热型式；或者所述空气换热单元采用板式换热型式。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述空气系统通过送风机与送风机消音器连通。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统，其特征在于：所述除尘器通过引风机与所述烟囱连通。
PCT/CN2021/099375 2020-10-27 2021-06-10 一种煤气锅炉尾部烟气节能减排系统 WO2022088686A1 (zh)

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