WO2022088646A1 - 一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床 - Google Patents

一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088646A1
WO2022088646A1 PCT/CN2021/092504 CN2021092504W WO2022088646A1 WO 2022088646 A1 WO2022088646 A1 WO 2022088646A1 CN 2021092504 W CN2021092504 W CN 2021092504W WO 2022088646 A1 WO2022088646 A1 WO 2022088646A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
bearing
main shaft
ring
spacer
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PCT/CN2021/092504
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程振涛
张世洋
任明磊
麦光悦
汤秀清
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广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022088646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088646A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/121—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction
    • B23Q11/123—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction for lubricating spindle bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
    • B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the field of processing equipment, and in particular relates to a main shaft oil and gas lubricating structure, a main shaft and a machine tool.
  • the oil-air lubrication technology has been widely used in the main shaft of the machining center.
  • the oil-air lubrication system continuously supplies lubricating oil to the bearing under the drive of gas, and gives it the precise amount of oil required for sufficient lubrication to meet the lubrication required for the high-speed operation of the main shaft. Oil, to avoid the high-speed running bearings emit a lot of heat due to resistance to cause temperature rise, so that the main shaft bearing friction heat and the working temperature are minimized, so the oil-air lubrication can improve the bearing speed and bearing capacity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a main shaft oil and gas lubricating structure, a main shaft and a machine tool, which is more conducive to oil discharge, avoids excessive lubricating oil and the phenomenon of oil churning in bearings, and effectively solves the problem of the main shaft. Oil drain problem.
  • an oil-air lubrication structure for a main shaft includes:
  • the shaft core is supported on the body through the bearing;
  • the bearing oil injection spacer is assembled on the body, the outer circular surface of the bearing oil injection spacer is fitted with the body, and the outer circular surface of the bearing oil injection spacer is provided with an oil inlet ring groove and a return ring.
  • An oil ring groove the body is provided with an oil inlet channel communicated with the oil inlet ring groove and an oil return channel communicated with the oil return ring groove, and the bearing oil injection spacer is provided with a number of The oil ring groove guides the oil jet in the bearing;
  • the oil suction assembly includes an oil suction device, the oil suction device is provided with an oil discharge hole and a vent hole, the vent hole and the oil discharge hole intersect at a certain angle, and the oil discharge hole is connected with the oil return passage through an oil outlet pipe
  • the ventilation hole is connected to the air intake pipe.
  • the oil suction assembly further includes a pneumatic temperature control valve and a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the body, and the pneumatic temperature control valve is used to The body temperature controls whether the intake pipe is ventilated or not.
  • the bearing oil injection spacer is provided with a plurality of oil injection nozzles, and the plurality of the oil injection nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumference, and the The grease nipple extends into the bearing at a certain inclination angle and has a certain clearance with the outer circle of the inner ring of the bearing.
  • both sides of the oil inlet ring groove are provided with oil return ring grooves, and the oil inlet ring groove and the oil return rings on both sides are provided with oil return ring grooves.
  • a first sealing ring is arranged between the grooves.
  • the shaft core is supported on the body through a plurality of bearings, and each of the bearings is provided with an independent bearing oil injection spacer and An oil inlet channel, and a plurality of the bearings share one oil return channel.
  • an oil inlet pipe is further included, the oil inlet pipe is arranged inside the oil inlet passage, and the front end outer circumference of the oil inlet pipe is provided with a second oil inlet pipe.
  • the sealing ring is in sealing cooperation with the oil inlet passage, and the end of the oil inlet pipe is provided with a gap, the gap is centered with the radial oil inlet hole on the body, and corresponds to the oil inlet ring groove of the bearing oil injection spacer.
  • a radial oil discharge hole is provided at a position corresponding to the oil return ring groove of the bearing oil injection spacer on the inner wall of the body, and the radial The oil drain hole communicates with the oil return passage.
  • the bearing includes a first bearing, a second bearing, a third bearing and a fourth bearing
  • the bearing oil injection spacer includes a first bearing
  • the bearing oil injection spacer, the second bearing oil injection spacer, the third bearing oil injection spacer and the fourth bearing oil injection spacer also include the upper bearing inner ring pressure ring, the middle inner ring spacer, and the lower bearing inner ring top ring and the lower bearing outer ring top ring, the upper bearing inner ring pressure ring, the first bearing, the first bearing oil injection spacer, the second bearing, the second bearing oil injection spacer, the middle inner ring spacer, the third
  • the bearing oil injection spacer, the third bearing, the fourth bearing oil injection spacer, the fourth bearing, the top ring of the inner ring of the lower bearing, and the top ring of the outer ring of the lower bearing are installed on the outer circle of the shaft core and inside the body, and the parts are installed in contact with each other. .
  • a main shaft includes the oil-air lubrication structure for the main shaft according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • a third aspect provides a machine tool, including the spindle described in any one of the implementations of the second aspect.
  • the relatively high pressure gas is vented to the oil suction device through the intake pipe.
  • the negative pressure is formed, which increases the pressure driving the flow of lubricating oil, effectively discharges the accumulated lubricating oil in the oil return channel quickly, prevents the bearing from continuing to rise due to oil churning, and effectively controls the temperature rise;
  • the accumulated lubricating oil is quickly discharged, and the operating temperature of the oil-air lubrication of the main shaft is gradually stabilized and continuously lowered.
  • the oil-air lubrication structure ensures that the bearing is fully lubricated and cooled, and effectively increases the maximum speed of the main shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a main shaft of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view at A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view at B in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil absorbing assembly in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • “several” means one or more, “multiple” means two or more, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding”, etc. are understood as not including this number; “above”, “below” and “within” “ etc. are understood to include the original number.
  • “first” and “second” are only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features or Implicitly indicates the order of the indicated technical features.
  • words such as “set”, “install” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be a fixed connection or a
  • the detachable connection can also be integrally formed; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be the internal communication between the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a main shaft oil and gas lubrication structure, including a body 1, a shaft core 2, a bearing oil injection spacer 3 and an oil suction assembly 4, and the shaft core 2 is supported on the body 1 through a bearing 5.
  • the bearing oil injection spacer 3 is assembled on the body 1, the outer circular surface of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 is fitted with the body 1, and the outer circular surface of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 is provided with an oil inlet ring groove 31 and an oil return ring groove 32.
  • the body 1 is provided with an oil inlet channel 11 that communicates with the oil inlet ring groove 31 and an oil return channel 12 that communicates with the oil return ring groove 32.
  • the oil inlet channel 11 is provided with an external oil inlet joint 13, and the bearing oil injection spacer 3 is provided. There are a number of oil injection nozzles 33 guided into the bearing 5 by the oil inlet ring groove 31 .
  • the main shaft starts to run, after the lubricating oil is quantitatively distributed by the oil and gas lubricating equipment, it moves continuously along the wall of the oil pipe under the driving of gas, and enters the main shaft through the oil inlet joint 13.
  • the working process of oil and gas lubrication of bearing 5 is as follows: the lubricating oil enters the oil inlet channel 11 through the oil inlet joint 13, enters the oil inlet ring groove 31 of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 through the body 1, and is sprayed to the bearing 5 raceway through the oil injection nozzle 33. And on the ball, a lubricating oil film is formed on the surface of the bearing 5 raceway and the ball to meet the running lubrication requirements of the bearing 5.
  • the excess lubricating oil in the bearing 5 flows out of the raceway of the bearing 5 and enters the oil return ring groove 32 of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 by its own weight or under the action of gas, and takes away part of the heat; After passing through the oil return ring groove 32, it enters the oil return passage 12 of the body 1, and is driven by the gas to discharge the main shaft along the oil return passage 12.
  • the oil suction assembly 4 includes an oil suction device 41 .
  • the oil suction device 41 is provided with an oil discharge hole 42 and a vent hole 43 . It is necessary to ensure that the airflow of the vent hole 43 is prevented from flowing into the oil discharge hole 42, for example, it can be designed to be an acute angle or a right angle.
  • the oil discharge hole 42 is communicated with the oil return passage 12 through the oil outlet pipe 44 , and the ventilation hole 43 is connected to the air intake pipe 45 .
  • the oil-air lubrication structure ensures that the bearing 5 is fully lubricated and cooled, effectively increasing the maximum speed of the main shaft. It is more conducive to oil discharge, avoids excessive lubricating oil and oil churning phenomenon in bearing 5, and effectively solves the problem of poor oil discharge of the main shaft. It is beneficial to the long-term operation of the main shaft with oil and gas lubrication and improves the service life of the main shaft.
  • the pneumatic temperature control valve 46 is used to control whether the air intake pipe 45 is ventilated or not according to the temperature of the body 1 . That is, in this embodiment, the working state of the oil-air lubrication of the main shaft is acquired by sensing the temperature parameter of the main shaft, and then adaptive adjustment is performed.
  • Negative pressure is formed in the oil return channel 12, which increases the pressure driving the flow of lubricating oil, effectively discharges the lubricating oil accumulated in the oil return channel 12 quickly, avoids the temperature of the bearing 5 from continuing to rise due to oil churning, and effectively controls the temperature rise; With the rapid discharge of the accumulated lubricating oil in the oil return passage 12, the operating temperature of the oil-air lubrication of the main shaft is gradually stabilized and continuously reduced. When the temperature of the body 1 is lower than the set value of the pneumatic temperature control valve 46, the pneumatic temperature control valve 46 is closed; The oil-air lubrication temperature control device can effectively control the operating temperature of the main shaft oil-air lubrication.
  • the temperature of the main shaft can be detected in real time through the pneumatic temperature control valve 46 and the temperature sensor, and the control valve can be activated or closed according to the change of the main shaft temperature, and then the oil suction device 41 can be controlled to facilitate oil discharge and avoid lubricating oil. If it is too much, the temperature of bearing 5 is too high due to oil churning; this device effectively solves the problem of poor oil discharge of the main shaft, significantly reduces the temperature rise during the operation of the oil and gas lubrication of the main shaft, is conducive to the long-term operation of the oil and gas lubrication of the main shaft, and improves the service life of the main shaft.
  • the bearing oil injection spacer 3 is provided with one or more oil injection nozzles 33 .
  • the plurality of oil injection nozzles 33 are evenly distributed along the circumference to provide the bearing 5 with more uniform lubricating oil.
  • the oil injection nozzle 33 protrudes into the bearing 5 at a certain inclination angle.
  • the oil injection nozzle 33 protrudes from the bearing oil injection spacer 3 on the side close to the corresponding bearing 5 .
  • the oil injection nozzle 33 penetrates between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing 5 , and has a certain gap with the outer circle of the inner ring of the bearing 5 to ensure that it does not interfere with the bearing 5 .
  • the oil spray nozzle 33 is sprayed onto the raceway and balls of the bearing 5 at a certain inclination angle, and a lubricating oil film is formed on the surface of the raceway and the balls of the bearing 5 to meet the operation and lubrication requirements of the bearing 5 .
  • the excess lubricating oil in the bearing 5 flows out of the raceway of the bearing 5 and enters the oil return ring groove 32 of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 by its own weight or under the action of inclined gas, and takes away part of the heat.
  • both sides of the oil inlet ring groove 31 are provided with oil return ring grooves 32 , and the oil inlet ring groove 31 and the return ring grooves on both sides are provided with oil return ring grooves 32 .
  • a first sealing ring 34 is provided between the oil ring grooves 32 to prevent the lubricating oil in the oil return ring groove 32 from entering the oil inlet ring groove 31 .
  • each bearing 5 is provided with an independent bearing oil injection spacer 3 and an oil inlet channel 11.
  • the bearing 5 is separately equipped with an oil-air lubrication oil inlet channel 11, and the evenly distributed oil injection nozzles 33 on the bearing oil spray spacer 3 extend into the bearing 5, which can ensure that the lubricating oil is fully sprayed on the bearing 5 raceway and ball surface, so that the bearing 5 Fully lubricated.
  • a plurality of bearings 5 share one oil return channel 12 , which is beneficial to discharge lubricating oil in time and ensure the cooling of the bearings 5 .
  • the oil-air lubrication structure ensures that the bearing 5 is fully lubricated and cooled, and effectively increases the maximum rotational speed of the main shaft.
  • the oil inlet channel 11 is formed by arranging butt-jointed optical holes on the body 1 and other components.
  • the oil inlet pipe 6 is also included.
  • the oil inlet pipe 6 is arranged inside the oil inlet channel 11 and enters
  • the outer circle of the front end of the oil pipe 6 is provided with a second sealing ring 61 to seal with the oil inlet channel 11, and the end of the oil inlet pipe 6 is provided with a gap, and the gap is centered with the radial oil inlet hole 15 on the body 1, and is connected with the bearing oil injection spacer 3.
  • the oil inlet ring groove 31 corresponds to.
  • the oil inlet pipe 6 can provide a smaller oil transmission path, which is more conducive to the removal and transportation of oil and gas therein.
  • the oil inlet pipe 6 can also provide a small-diameter oil transmission path while greatly reducing the difficulty of processing.
  • a radial oil drain hole 14 is provided at the position corresponding to the oil return ring groove 32 of the bearing fuel injection spacer 3 on the inner wall of the body 1 , and the radial oil drain hole 14 communicates with the oil return passage 12 .
  • the lubricating oil enters the oil inlet passage 11 through the oil inlet joint 13, flows along the wall of the oil inlet pipe 6, enters the bearing oil injection spacer 3 oil inlet ring groove 31 through the radial oil inlet hole 15 of the body 1, and passes through the oil injection nozzle 33 It is sprayed onto the raceway and balls of the bearing 5 to form a lubricating oil film on the surface of the raceway and the balls of the bearing 5 to meet the lubrication requirements for the operation of the bearing 5.
  • the excess lubricating oil in the bearing 5 flows out of the raceway of the bearing 5 and enters the oil return ring groove 32 of the bearing oil injection spacer 3 by its own weight or under the action of gas, and takes away part of the heat; the lubricating oil passes through The oil return ring groove 32 enters the radial oil discharge hole 14 on the body 1, and is driven by gas to discharge the main shaft along the oil return passage 12.
  • the bearing 5 includes a first bearing 51 , a second bearing 52 , a third bearing 53 and a fourth bearing 54
  • the bearing oil injection spacer 3 includes a first bearing oil injection
  • the spacer 35, the second bearing oil injection spacer 36, the third bearing oil injection spacer 37 and the fourth bearing oil injection spacer 38 also include the upper bearing inner ring pressure ring 71, the middle inner ring spacer 72, the lower bearing The inner ring top ring 73 and the lower bearing outer ring top ring 74, the upper bearing inner ring pressure ring 71, the first bearing 51, the first bearing oil injection spacer 35, the second bearing 52, the second bearing oil injection spacer 363, Intermediate inner ring spacer 72, third bearing oil injection spacer 37, third bearing 53, fourth bearing oil injection spacer 38, fourth bearing 54, lower bearing inner ring top ring 74, lower bearing outer ring top ring 73 It is installed on the outer circle of the shaft core 2 and the inside of the body 1, and the
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a main shaft, including the oil-air lubrication structure of the main shaft of any of the above embodiments.
  • Spindles include electric spindles or mechanical spindles.
  • the application of the above-mentioned oil and gas lubrication system enables the spindle to have higher rotational speed, larger output torque, energy saving and environmental protection, as well as superior processing effect, more stable performance, more reasonable structure and longer service life.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a machine tool, including the spindle of any of the above embodiments.
  • Machine tools include CNC machine tools or machining centers, etc.
  • the above-mentioned oil-air lubrication system continuously supplies lubricating oil to the bearing 5 under the drive of gas, and gives it the precise amount of oil required for sufficient lubrication to meet the high-speed operation of the spindle.
  • the oil-air lubrication can improve the rotational speed and bearing capacity of the bearing 5; secondly, the oil-air lubrication system reaches At a certain speed, an oil film will be formed, reducing the friction torque and energy consumption; the lubricating oil is recycled, and the positive pressure in the main shaft can prevent the intrusion of pollutants, which can reduce the pollution of the bearing 5 by the external environment, thereby improving the life of the bearing 5.
  • the oil-air lubricated spindle can adapt to harsher environments, improve the life and processing capacity of the spindle, and reduce pollution.

Abstract

一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床，包括：机体（1）；轴芯（2）通过轴承（5）支承于机体（1）；轴承喷油隔套（3）装配于机体（1），轴承喷油隔套（3）的外圆面与机体（1）贴合，轴承喷油隔套（3）的外圆面上设有进油环槽（31）和回油环槽（32），机体（1）上设有与进油环槽（31）相通的进油通道（11）和与回油环槽（32）相通的回油通道（12），轴承喷油隔套（3）设有若干由进油环槽（31）导向轴承（5）内的喷油嘴（33）；吸油组件（4），包括吸油装置（41），吸油装置（41）设有排油孔（42）和通气孔（43），通气孔（43）与排油孔（42）成一定角度相交，排油孔（42）通过出油管（44）与回油通道（12）相连通，通气孔（43）连接进气管（45）。

Description

一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床 技术领域
本发明用于加工设备领域，特别是涉及一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床。
背景技术
油气润滑技术已广泛应用在加工中心主轴上,油气润滑系统是在气体的驱动下将润滑油持续供应给轴承,并给予其充分润滑所需的精确油量，以满足主轴高速运转所需的润滑油,避免高速运转的轴承因阻力而散发大量的热量造成温升,使主轴轴承摩擦生热和工作温度降到最低,因而油气润滑可以提高轴承的转速和承载能力。
目前现有技术中，主轴运转过程中会出现温升超差，排油不畅等异常,润滑油过量，轴承出现搅油现象，限制了主轴极限转速。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种主轴油气润滑结构、主轴和机床，更利于排油，避免润滑油过量以及轴承出现搅油现象，有效解决了主轴排油不畅问题。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，一种主轴油气润滑结构，包括：
机体；
轴芯，通过轴承支承于所述机体；
轴承喷油隔套，装配于所述机体，所述轴承喷油隔套的外圆面与 所述机体贴合，所述轴承喷油隔套的外圆面上设有进油环槽和回油环槽，所述机体上设有与所述进油环槽相通的进油通道和与所述回油环槽相通的回油通道，所述轴承喷油隔套设有若干由所述进油环槽导向所述轴承内的喷油嘴；
吸油组件，包括吸油装置，所述吸油装置设有排油孔和通气孔，所述通气孔与所述排油孔成一定角度相交，所述排油孔通过出油管与所述回油通道相连通，所述通气孔连接进气管。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述吸油组件还包括气动温度控制阀和温度传感器，所述温度传感器用于感应机体温度，所述气动温度控制阀用于根据所述机体温度控制进气管通气与否。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴承喷油隔套设有多个喷油嘴，多个所述喷油嘴沿圆周均布，所述喷油嘴以一定倾斜角度伸入轴承内且与轴承内圈外圆有一定间隙。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述进油环槽的两侧均设有回油环槽，所述进油环槽和两侧的回油环槽之间设有第一密封圈。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴芯通过多个轴承支承于所述机体，每个所述轴承均设有独立的轴承喷油隔套和进油通道，多个所述轴承共用一个回油通道。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，还包括进油管，所述进油管设置于所述进油通道内部，所述进油管的 前端外圆设有第二密封圈与进油通道密封配合，所述进油管末端开设缺口，所述缺口与机体上径向进油孔对中，并与轴承喷油隔套的进油环槽相对应。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述机体内壁与轴承喷油隔套回油环槽相对应的位置设有径向排油孔，所述径向排油孔与回油通道相通。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴承包括第一轴承、第二轴承、第三轴承和第四轴承，所述轴承喷油隔套包括第一轴承喷油隔套、第二轴承喷油隔套、第三轴承喷油隔套和第四轴承喷油隔套，还包括上轴承内圈压环、中间内圈隔套、下轴承内圈顶环和下轴承外圈顶环，所述上轴承内圈压环、第一轴承、第一轴承喷油隔套、第二轴承、第二轴承喷油隔套、中间内圈隔套、第三轴承喷油隔套、第三轴承、第四轴承喷油隔套、第四轴承、下轴承内圈顶环、下轴承外圈顶环装在轴芯外圆及机体内部，零件间端面接触安装。
第二方面，一种主轴，包括第一方面中任一实现方式所述的主轴油气润滑结构。
第三方面，一种机床，包括第二方面中任一实现方式所述的主轴。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一：
主轴油气润滑运转过程中，当需要进行主动排油时，相对较高压力的气体经进气管向吸油装置通气，气流远高于从回油通道出来的气 流，进而在出油管及回油通道内形成负压，增大了驱动润滑油流动的压力，有效将回油通道中积聚的润滑油快速排出，避免轴承因搅油导致温度继续升高，有效控制温升；随着回油通道中的积聚的润滑油快速排出，主轴油气润滑运转温度逐渐稳定至不断降低，该油气润滑结构保证了轴承充分润滑及冷却，有效提高了主轴的最高转速。更利于排油，避免润滑油过量以及轴承出现搅油现象，有效解决了主轴排油不畅问题。有利于主轴油气润滑长期运转，提高了主轴使用寿命。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明主轴的一个实施例结构示意图；
图2是图1中A处局部放大图；
图3是图1中B处局部放大图；
图4是图1所示实施例中的吸油组件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中，如果有描述到方向(上、下、左、右、前及后)时， 其仅是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，而不是指示或暗示所指的技术特征必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，“若干”的含义是一个或者多个，“多个”的含义是两个以上，“大于”“小于”“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”“以下”“以内”等理解为包括本数。在本发明的描述中，如果有描述到“第一”“第二”仅用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明中，除非另有明确的限定，“设置”“安装”“连接”等词语应做广义理解，例如，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连；可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是一体成型；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或能够互相通讯；可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
结合图1-图3，本发明的实施例提供了一种主轴油气润滑结构，包括机体1、轴芯2、轴承喷油隔套3和吸油组件4，轴芯2通过轴承5支承于机体1。轴承喷油隔套3装配于机体1，轴承喷油隔套3的外圆面与机体1贴合，轴承喷油隔套3的外圆面上设有进油环槽31和回油环槽32，机体1上设有与进油环槽31相通的进油通道11和与回油环槽32相通的回油通道12，进油通道11外接进油接头13，轴承喷油隔套3设有若干由进油环槽31导向轴承5内的喷油嘴33。
结合图1，主轴开始运转时，润滑油经过油气润滑设备定量分配后，在气体驱动下，沿着油管管壁连续移动，经过进油接头13进入主轴。轴承5油气润滑工作过程为：润滑油经过进油接头13进入进油通道11，经过机体1进入轴承喷油隔套3的进油环槽31内，通过喷油嘴33喷到轴承5滚道及滚珠上，在轴承5滚道及滚珠表面形成润滑油膜，满足轴承5运转润滑需求。随着润滑油不断喷入，轴承5内多余的润滑油依靠自重或在气体作用下，流出轴承5滚道进入轴承喷油隔套3的回油环槽32，并带走部分热量；润滑油经过回油环槽32，进入机体1的回油通道12，在气体驱动下，沿着回油通道12排出主轴。
结合图4，吸油组件4包括吸油装置41，吸油装置41设有排油孔42和通气孔43，通气孔43与排油孔42成一定角度相交，通气孔43与排油孔42的夹角需要保证避免通气孔43的气流灌入排油孔42，例如可以设计为锐角或直角。排油孔42通过出油管44与回油通道12相连通，通气孔43连接进气管45。主轴油气润滑运转过程中，当需要进行主动排油时，相对较高压力的气体经进气管45向吸油装置41通气，气流远高于从回油通道12出来的气流，进而在出油管44及回油通道12内形成负压，增大了驱动润滑油流动的压力，有效将回油通道12中积聚的润滑油快速排出，避免轴承5因搅油导致温度继续升高，有效控制温升；随着回油通道12中的积聚的润滑油快速排出，主轴油气润滑运转温度逐渐稳定至不断降低，该油气润滑结构保证了轴承5充分润滑及冷却，有效提高了主轴的最高转速。更利于 排油，避免润滑油过量以及轴承5出现搅油现象，有效解决了主轴排油不畅问题。有利于主轴油气润滑长期运转，提高了主轴使用寿命。
为了能够根据主轴工作状态，吸油组件4自动实现排油功能，根据需要，参见图4，吸油组件4还包括气动温度控制阀46和温度传感器，温度传感器用于感应机体1温度，特别是轴承5位置处的主轴温度，以避免主轴其他原因发热影响检测结果的准确性。气动温度控制阀46用于根据机体1温度控制进气管45通气与否。即该实施例通过感应主轴的温度参数来获取主轴油气润滑的工作状态，进而进行适应性调节。
具体的，结合图1、图4，加工中心机械主轴油气润滑运转过程中，轴承5产生的热量传到机体1上，机体1温度不断升高；温度传感器感应机体1温度，当温度超过气动温度控制阀46设定值时，气动温度控制阀46打开，相对较高压力的气体经进气管45向吸油装置41通气，气流远高于从回油通道12出来的气流，进而在出油管44及回油通道12内形成负压，增大了驱动润滑油流动的压力，有效将回油通道12中积聚的润滑油快速排出，避免轴承5因搅油导致温度继续升高，有效控制温升；随着回油通道12中的积聚的润滑油快速排出，主轴油气润滑运转温度逐渐稳定至不断降低，当机体1温度低于气动温度控制阀46设定值时，气动温度控制阀46关闭；通过油气润滑温度控制装置，可有效控制主轴油气润滑运转温度。
通过在主轴上增加油气润滑温度控制装置，通过气动温度控制阀46、温度传感器可实时检测主轴温度，根据主轴温度变化启动或关闭 控制阀，进而控制吸油装置41，以利于排油，避免润滑油过量，轴承5因搅油导致温度过高；该装置有效解决了主轴排油不畅问题，明显降低了主轴油气润滑运转过程中温升，有利于主轴油气润滑长期运转，提高了主轴使用寿命。
轴承喷油隔套3设有一个或多个喷油嘴33，当设置多个喷油嘴33时，多个喷油嘴33沿圆周均布，以为轴承5提供更均匀的润滑油。
结合图1、图2，在一些实施例中，喷油嘴33以一定倾斜角度伸入轴承5内，换言之，喷油嘴33在靠近对应轴承5的一侧凸出于轴承喷油隔套3，喷油嘴33探入轴承5外圈和内圈之间，且与轴承5内圈外圆有一定间隙，保证不与轴承5干涉。其间，通过喷油嘴33以一定倾斜角喷到轴承5滚道及滚珠上，在轴承5滚道及滚珠表面形成润滑油膜，满足轴承5运转润滑需求。随着润滑油不断喷入，轴承5内多余的润滑油依靠自重或在倾斜的气体作用下，流出轴承5滚道进入轴承喷油隔套3回油环槽32，并带走部分热量。
参见图1、图3，在一些实施例中，为了更好的收集回流的润滑油，进油环槽31的两侧均设有回油环槽32，进油环槽31和两侧的回油环槽32之间设有第一密封圈34，以阻止回油环槽32中的润滑油进入进油环槽31内。
参见图1，根据需要，轴芯2可通过多个轴承5支承于机体1，对应的，每个轴承5均设有独立的轴承喷油隔套3和进油通道11，换言之，为主轴每颗轴承5单独配置油气润滑进油通道11，轴承喷油隔套3上均匀分布的喷油嘴33伸入轴承5内，可保证润滑油充分 喷到轴承5滚道及滚珠表面，使轴承5充分润滑。进一步的，多个轴承5共用一个回油通道12，有利于将润滑油及时排出，保证轴承5冷却。该油气润滑结构保证了轴承5充分润滑及冷却，有效提高了主轴的最高转速。
参见图1、图2，进油通道11通过在机体1及其他部件上设置对接的光孔形成，在一些实施例中，还包括进油管6，进油管6设置于进油通道11内部，进油管6的前端外圆设有第二密封圈61与进油通道11密封配合，进油管6末端开设缺口，缺口与机体1上径向进油孔15对中，并与轴承喷油隔套3的进油环槽31相对应。进油管6能够提供更小的输油路径，更有利于油气在其中删除输送，此外，进油管6也能在提供小孔径输油路径的同时，大大降低加工难度。
进一步的，参见图3，机体1内壁与轴承喷油隔套3回油环槽32相对应的位置设有径向排油孔14，径向排油孔14与回油通道12相通。润滑油经过进油接头13进入进油通道11，沿着进油管6管壁流动，经过机体1径向进油孔15进入轴承喷油隔套3进油环槽31内，通过喷油嘴33喷到轴承5滚道及滚珠上，在轴承5滚道及滚珠表面形成润滑油膜，满足轴承5运转润滑需求。随着润滑油不断喷入，轴承5内多余的润滑油依靠自重或在气体作用下，流出轴承5滚道进入轴承喷油隔套3回油环槽32，并带走部分热量；润滑油经过回油环槽32，进入机体1上径向排油孔14，在气体驱动下，沿着回油通道12排出主轴。
更为具体的，在一些实施例中，参见图1，轴承5包括第一轴承 51、第二轴承52、第三轴承53和第四轴承54，轴承喷油隔套3包括第一轴承喷油隔套35、第二轴承喷油隔套36、第三轴承喷油隔套37和第四轴承喷油隔套38，还包括上轴承内圈压环71、中间内圈隔套72、下轴承内圈顶环73和下轴承外圈顶环74，上轴承内圈压环71、第一轴承51、第一轴承喷油隔套35、第二轴承52、第二轴承喷油隔套363、中间内圈隔套72、第三轴承喷油隔套37、第三轴承53、第四轴承喷油隔套38、第四轴承54、下轴承内圈顶环74、下轴承外圈顶环73装在轴芯2外圆及机体1内部，零件间端面接触安装。轴承喷油隔套3镶嵌在轴承5之间或一端，而且可以与轴承5定位结构实现定位，装配和定位更加方便。
本发明的实施例还提供了一种主轴，包括以上任一实施例的主轴油气润滑结构。主轴包括电主轴或机械主轴等。上述油气润滑系统的应用，使该款主轴具有更高的转速，更大的输出扭矩、且节能环保同时具有优越的加工效果，性能更加稳定，结构更加合理，使用寿命更长。
本发明的实施例还提供了一种机床，包括以上任一实施例的主轴。机床包括数控机床或加工中心等，上述油气润滑系统是在气体的驱动下将润滑油持续供应给轴承5,并给予其充分润滑所需的精确油量，以满足主轴高速运转所需的润滑油,避免高速运转的轴承5因阻力而散发大量的热量造成温升,使主轴轴承5摩擦生热和工作温度降到最低,因而油气润滑可以提高轴承5的转速和承载能力；其次油气润滑系统到达一定转速的时候会形成油膜，降低摩擦力矩和能耗；循 环利用润滑油,同时主轴内的正压可防止污染物侵入,可以减少外界环境对轴承5的污染，从而提高轴承5的寿命。从而使得油气润滑主轴可以适应更恶劣的环境，提升主轴的寿命及加工能力，而且污染更低。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“示例”、“实施例”或“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，包括：
    机体；
    轴芯，通过轴承支承于所述机体；
    轴承喷油隔套，装配于所述机体，所述轴承喷油隔套的外圆面与所述机体贴合，所述轴承喷油隔套的外圆面上设有进油环槽和回油环槽，所述机体上设有与所述进油环槽相通的进油通道和与所述回油环槽相通的回油通道，所述轴承喷油隔套设有若干由所述进油环槽导向所述轴承内的喷油嘴；
    吸油组件，包括吸油装置，所述吸油装置设有排油孔和通气孔，所述通气孔与所述排油孔成一定角度相交，所述排油孔通过出油管与所述回油通道相连通，所述通气孔连接进气管。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述吸油组件还包括气动温度控制阀和温度传感器，所述温度传感器用于感应机体温度，所述气动温度控制阀用于根据所述机体温度控制进气管通气与否。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述轴承喷油隔套设有多个喷油嘴，多个所述喷油嘴沿圆周均布，所述喷油嘴以一定倾斜角度伸入轴承内且与轴承内圈外圆有一定间隙。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述进油环槽的两侧均设有回油环槽，所述进油环槽和两侧的回油环槽之间设有第一密封圈。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述轴芯通过多个轴承支承于所述机体，每个所述轴承均设有独立的轴承喷油隔套和进油通道，多个所述轴承共用一个回油通道。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，还包括进油管，所述进油管设置于所述进油通道内部，所述进油管的前端外圆设有第二密封圈与进油通道密封配合，所述进油管末端开设缺口，所述缺口与机体上径向进油孔对中，并与轴承喷油隔套的进油环槽相对应。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述机体内壁与轴承喷油隔套回油环槽相对应的位置设有径向排油孔，所述径向排油孔与回油通道相通。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的主轴油气润滑结构，其特征在于，所述轴承包括第一轴承、第二轴承、第三轴承和第四轴承，所述轴承喷油隔套包括第一轴承喷油隔套、第二轴承喷油隔套、第三轴承喷油隔套和第四轴承喷油隔套，还包括上轴承内圈压环、中间内圈隔套、下轴承内圈顶环和下轴承外圈顶环，所述上轴承内圈压环、第一轴承、第一轴承喷油隔套、第二轴承、第二轴承喷油隔套、中间内圈隔套、第三轴承喷油隔套、第三轴承、第四轴承喷油隔套、第四轴承、下轴承内圈顶环、下轴承外圈顶环装在轴芯外圆及机体内部，零件间端面接触安装。
  9. 一种主轴，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～8中任一项所述的主轴油气润滑结构。
  10. 一种机床，其特征在于，包括权利要求9所述的主轴。
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