WO2022083129A1 - 一种智能弹性轴承及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种智能弹性轴承及控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2022083129A1
WO2022083129A1 PCT/CN2021/098274 CN2021098274W WO2022083129A1 WO 2022083129 A1 WO2022083129 A1 WO 2022083129A1 CN 2021098274 W CN2021098274 W CN 2021098274W WO 2022083129 A1 WO2022083129 A1 WO 2022083129A1
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Prior art keywords
joint
elastic bearing
polymer material
layer
intelligent
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王旦
宋立瑶
陈柏
朱如鹏
陈蔚芳
王尧尧
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32—Rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/51—Damping of blade movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/005—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion using electro- or magnetostrictive actuation means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of elastic bearings, and in particular relates to an elastic bearing based on intelligent polymer materials.
  • the rotor system is the core component of the helicopter, and the elastic bearing is the key functional component of the helicopter rotor system, which is mainly used to realize the connection between the blade and the blade.
  • the elastic bearing can withstand the centrifugal, torsion, swing and sway loads generated during the movement of the helicopter rotor, reduce the vibration generated by the rotor system, and prevent the helicopter from generating ground resonance. Since the elastic bearing can simultaneously realize the functions of the swing hinge, the swing hinge and the variable pitch hinge, the structure of the helicopter rotor system is greatly simplified.
  • elastic bearings of various structural forms have been widely used in helicopter rotor systems.
  • Traditional elastic bearings are formed by alternating layers of rubber and metal. This structure enables the elastic bearing to perform movements in other directions such as swaying and swaying through the deformation of the rubber layer while bearing the load, thereby reducing the generation of vibration.
  • the helicopter rotor system also uses a combined elastic bearing for load bearing. The latter has been more and more widely used due to its greatly improved service life.
  • it is a single elastic bearing or a combined elastic bearing, they only realize multi-directional movement through the elastic deformation of rubber, and can only achieve passive vibration reduction for the helicopter rotor system, and cannot actively adapt to the change of the load when the helicopter rotor system is working. .
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent elastic bearing for realizing active or semi-active vibration reduction of a helicopter rotor system.
  • the present invention also provides the above-mentioned control method of the intelligent elastic bearing.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An intelligent elastic bearing comprising a first joint, a second joint, and a transition layer located before the first joint and the second joint; the transition layer includes several smart polymer material layers and several metal layers, and the smart polymer material layer and metal layers are alternately stacked; the intelligent polymer material layer is one or more of piezoelectric polymer materials, polymer-based piezoelectric ceramic composite materials, magnetorheological elastomers or shape memory polymer materials.
  • the thickness of the smart polymer material is uniformly distributed throughout the same layer.
  • transition layer is a spherical cone
  • first joint and the second joint are circular flanges
  • the diameter of the first joint is smaller than the diameter of the second joint
  • the intelligent polymer material layer and the metal layer are from bottom to bottom. Alternate layers on top.
  • transition layer is truncated, the first joint and the second joint are circular flanges, and the diameter of the first joint is the same as the diameter of the second joint; the intelligent polymer material layer and the metal layer are from bottom to bottom. Alternate layers on top.
  • the transition layer is annular, the first joint has a cylindrical cylinder, the second joint has a ring around the periphery of the cylinder, and the transition layer is located between the cylinder and the ring; the smart polymer
  • the material layers and the metal layers are alternately stacked from the inside to the outside.
  • first joint is used for connecting the blades of the helicopter
  • second joint is used for connecting the propellers of the helicopter
  • the control method of the above-mentioned intelligent elastic bearing can adopt the following technical solutions: including the following situations:
  • the piezoelectric polymer material layer is selected in the transition layer; when the external load changes, the external electric field is controlled to change, so that the piezoelectric polymer material layer can generate active force under the driving of the electric field to resist the external load and realize active vibration reduction ;
  • the magnetorheological elastomer material layer is selected in the transition layer; when the external load changes, the external magnetic field is controlled to change, so that the magnetorheological elastomer material layer can generate active force under the drive of the magnetic field to resist the external load and realize active damping;
  • the shape memory polymer material layer is selected in the transition layer; when the external load changes, the external temperature is controlled to change, so that the shape memory polymer material layer can generate active force under the drive of temperature to resist the external load and realize active vibration reduction. ;
  • the piezoelectric polymer material layer is selected in the transition layer; when the external load changes, the external electric field is controlled to change, so that the stiffness and damping mechanical properties of the material are changed, so as to adapt to the change of the load and realize semi-active vibration reduction;
  • the magnetorheological elastomer material layer is selected in the transition layer; when the external load changes, the external magnetic field is controlled to change, so that the mechanical properties of the elastic modulus of the magnetorheological elastomer change under the change of the magnetic field, so as to adapt to the change of the magnetic field. Changes in load to achieve semi-active vibration reduction.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention replaces the rubber layer material with the intelligent polymer material, and designs an elastic bearing based on the intelligent polymer material.
  • the properties of smart polymer materials will change under the action of controlled quantities such as changing electric or magnetic fields. Therefore, the intelligent elastic bearing proposed by the present invention can change its own performance by controlling the magnitude of physical parameters such as electric field, magnetic field or temperature, so as to adapt to the change of load and realize active or semi-active vibration reduction of the helicopter rotor system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the axial intelligent elastic bearing of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the radial intelligent elastic bearing of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • This embodiment is a spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing, which specifically includes: a first joint 1, a second joint 2, and a transition layer; the transition layer includes a plurality of piezoelectric polymer material layers 3 and a plurality of metal layers 4, and the pressure Electropolymer material layers 3 and metal layers 4 are alternately stacked.
  • the first joint 1 , the second joint 2 and the transition layer are bonded together by techniques such as gluing and vulcanization.
  • the piezoelectric polymer material layers 3 and the metal layers 4 are alternately stacked and kept concentric and the thickness of the same layer is uniform everywhere.
  • the transition layer is spherical and conical
  • the first joint 1 and the second joint 2 are both circular flanges
  • the diameter of the first joint 1 is smaller than the diameter 2 of the second joint
  • piezoelectric polymer material Layers 3 and metal layers 4 are alternately stacked from bottom to top.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing works, an electric field is applied to the piezoelectric polymer layer 3 .
  • the properties of the piezoelectric polymer material layer 3 remain unchanged, and no active force against external loads is generated. Therefore, the intelligent elastic bearing is the same as the traditional elastic bearing using rubber material, which can carry the axial force and realize the torsion around the three axes.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing can only passively reduce vibration of the helicopter rotor system through its own elastic deformation, and cannot actively adapt to the change of load.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing controls the external electric field to change, so that the piezoelectric polymer material layer 3 generates active power under the driving of the electric field.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing utilizes the active force generated by the piezoelectric polymer material layer 3 to resist the external load and realize the vibration reduction of the helicopter rotor system.
  • the monitoring system obtains the working status of the blades and the blades.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing provides an appropriate electric field according to the monitoring results to meet the current load-bearing requirements, thereby realizing active vibration reduction of the helicopter rotor system.
  • Embodiment 2 This embodiment is a spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing, which uses magnetorheological elastomer material to overlap with a metal layer, and other components and connection methods are the same as those in Embodiment 1.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing works, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetorheological elastomer material layer.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing controls the change of the external magnetic field, so that the magnetorheological elastomer material layer generates the active force under the driving of the magnetic field to resist the external load and realize the active vibration reduction of the helicopter rotor system.
  • Embodiment 3 is a spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing, which uses a shape memory polymer material to overlap with a metal layer, and other components and connection methods are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • a temperature field is applied to the shape memory polymer material layer.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing controls the change of the external temperature, so that the shape memory polymer material layer is driven by the temperature field to generate the active force to resist the external load and realize the active vibration reduction of the helicopter rotor system.
  • Embodiment 4 This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • This embodiment is an axial intelligent elastic bearing, and its composition, connection and control methods are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the transition layer is in the shape of a truncated cone, the first joint 1 and the second joint 2 are both circular flanges, and the diameter of the first joint 1 and the diameter of the second joint 2 are the same.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing can carry axial force and realize certain torsional and radial motion. After the electric field is applied, the active force is generated under the action of the electric field, and the helicopter rotor system is actively damped.
  • Embodiment 5 This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • This embodiment is a radial intelligent elastic bearing, and its composition, connection and control methods are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the transition layer is annular, the first joint 1 has a cylindrical cylinder, the second joint 2 has a ring around the periphery of the cylinder, and the transition layer is located between the cylinder and the cylinder. between the rings.
  • the intelligent elastic bearing can carry radial force and realize certain torsion and axial movement. After the electric field is applied, the active force is generated under the action of the electric field, and the helicopter rotor system is actively damped.
  • Embodiment 6 This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • This embodiment is a spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing, and its composition and connection method are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that this embodiment adopts the control method of semi-active vibration damping.
  • the mechanical properties such as the stiffness and damping of the piezoelectric polymer material are changed, so as to adapt to the change of the load and realize the Semi-active vibration damping.
  • Embodiment 7 This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1 .
  • This embodiment is a spherical conical intelligent elastic bearing, and its composition and connection method are the same as those of the second embodiment.
  • the difference from the second embodiment is that this embodiment adopts the control method of semi-active vibration reduction, and by controlling the change of the external magnetic field, the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus of the magnetorheological elastomer change under the change of the magnetic field, so that Adapt to changes in load and achieve semi-active vibration reduction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种智能弹性轴承及控制方法，该智能弹性轴承包括智能聚合物材料层（3）、金属隔片层（4）、两个接头（1，2）。一个接头用以连接桨叶，另一个接头用以连接桨榖。在智能聚合物材料层施加外部电场或磁场，该弹性轴承将传统弹性轴承中与金属层交叠的橡胶材料改为智能聚合物材料，形成了一种金属层与智能聚合物材料层互相交叠的新型弹性轴承。与传统使用橡胶材料的弹性轴承相比，可以在直升机旋翼系统工作过程中，通过改变外界电场、磁场等物理参数，控制轴承性能改变，从而实现对直升机旋翼系统的主动或半主动减振。

Description

一种智能弹性轴承及控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于弹性轴承技术领域，具体涉及一种基于智能聚合物材料的弹性轴承。
背景技术
旋翼系统是直升机的核心部件，而弹性轴承则是直升机旋翼系统的关键功能构件，其主要用于实现桨叶与桨榖的连接。弹性轴承能承受直升机旋翼运动过程中产生的离心、扭转、挥舞和摆振载荷，减小旋翼系统产生的振动，防止直升机产生地面共振。由于弹性轴承能够同时实现挥舞铰、摆振铰和变距铰三者的作用，因此直升机旋翼系统的结构得到大大简化。目前各种结构形式的弹性轴承已经在直升机旋翼系统得到了广泛应用。
传统的弹性轴承是由橡胶与金属交替层叠形成的。这种结构使弹性轴承在承受载荷的同时可以通过橡胶层的变形实现挥舞、摆振等其他方向的运动，减少振动的产生。直升机旋翼系统除了使用单个弹性轴承外，还使用组合弹性轴承进行承载。后者由于其使用寿命的大幅度提高，得到了越来越广泛的应用。但无论是单个弹性轴承还是组合弹性轴承，它们都是仅通过橡胶的弹性形变来实现多方向的运动，对直升机旋翼系统只能实现被动减振，不能主动适应在直升机旋翼系统工作时载荷的变化。
发明内容
发明目的，本发明的目的是提供一种智能弹性轴承用以实现对直升机旋翼系统的主动或半主动减振。
本发明同时提供上述智能弹性轴承的控制方法。
为达到这一目的，本发明智能弹性轴承采用如下技术方案：
一种智能弹性轴承，包括第一接头、第二接头、位于第一接头与第二接头之前的过渡层；所述过渡层包括若干智能聚合物材料层及若干金属层，且智能聚合物材料层及金属层交替层叠设置；所述智能聚合物材料层为压电聚合物材料、高分子基压电陶瓷复合材料、磁流变弹性体或形状记忆聚合物材料中的一种或几种。
进一步的，所述智能聚合物材料在同一层各处厚度分布均匀。
进一步的，所述过渡层为球面锥形，第一接头与第二接头均为圆形法兰，且 第一接头的直径小于第二接头的直径；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自下而上交替层叠。
进一步的，所述过渡层为圆台形，第一接头与第二接头均为圆形法兰，且第一接头的直径与第二接头的直径相同；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自下而上交替层叠。
进一步的，所述过渡层为圆环形，第一接头具有圆柱形的柱体，第二接头具有围绕柱体外围的环体，所述过渡层位于柱体及环体之间；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自内向外交替层叠。
进一步的，第一接头用以连接直升机的桨叶，第二接头用以连接直升机的桨榖。
而上述智能弹性轴承的控制方法可采用以下技术方案：包括以下几种情况，
(1)、过渡层中选择压电聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界电场改变，使压电聚合物材料层在电场的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷，实现主动减振；
(2)、过渡层中选择磁流变弹性体材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界磁场改变，使磁流变弹性体材料层在磁场的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷，实现主动减振；
(3)、过渡层中选择形状记忆聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界温度改变，使形状记忆聚合物材料层在温度的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷，实现主动减振；
(4)、过渡层中选择压电聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界电场改变，使材料的刚度、阻尼的力学性能发生改变，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振；
(5)、过渡层中选择磁流变弹性体材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界磁场改变，使磁流变弹性体在磁场的变化下，弹性模量的力学特性发生变化，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优势：
本发明使用智能聚合物材料替换橡胶层材料，设计了一种基于智能聚合物材料的弹性轴承。智能聚合物材料在变化的电场或磁场等控制量作用下，其性能会发生变化。因此，本发明提出的智能弹性轴承能通过控制电场、磁场或温度等物理参数的大小，使其本身的性能改变，从而适应载荷的变化，实现对直升机旋翼系统的主动或半主动减振。
附图说明
图1为本发明的球面锥形智能弹性轴承结构示意图。
图2为本发明的轴向智能弹性轴承结构示意图。
图3为本发明的径向智能弹性轴承结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例一：结合图1说明本实施例。本实施例是一种球面锥形智能弹性轴承，具体包括：第一接头1、第二接头2、过渡层；所述过渡层包括若干压电聚合物材料层3及若干金属层4，且压电聚合物材料层3及金属层4交替层叠设置。通过胶粘、硫化等技术将第一接头1、第二接头2、过渡层粘接在一起。其中压电聚合物材料层3及金属层4交替叠层，并保持同心且同一层的各处厚度均匀。
在实施例中，所述过渡层为球面锥形，第一接头1与第二接头2均为圆形法兰，且第一接头1的直径小于第二接头的直径2；压电聚合物材料层3及金属层4自下而上交替层叠。
智能弹性轴承工作时，在压电聚合物层3外加电场。当未加电场时，压电聚合物材料层3性能不变，且不产生抵抗外界载荷的主动力。因此，智能弹性轴承与传统使用橡胶材料的弹性轴承一样，可以承载轴向力并实现绕三轴的扭转。但此时智能弹性轴承只能通过自身的弹性变形对直升机旋翼系统进行被动减振，不能主动适应载荷的变化。当外界载荷变化时，智能弹性轴承控制外界电场改变，使压电聚合物材料层3在电场的驱动下产生主动力。智能弹性轴承利用压电聚合物材料层3产生的主动力，来抵抗外界载荷，实现对直升机旋翼系统的减振。在直升机旋翼系统工作过程中，由监测系统获得桨叶和桨榖的工作状态。智能弹性轴承根据监测结果提供适当的电场，以满足当前的承载要求，从而实现对直升机 旋翼系统的主动减振。
实施例二：本实施例一种球面锥形智能弹性轴承，采用磁流变弹性体材料与金属层交叠，其他组成及连接方式与实施例一相同。智能弹性轴承工作时，在磁流变弹性体材料层外加磁场。当外界载荷变化时，智能弹性轴承控制外界磁场的改变，使磁流变弹性体材料层在磁场的驱动下产生主动力，来抵抗外界载荷，实现对直升机旋翼系统的主动减振。
实施例三：本实施例是一种球面锥形智能弹性轴承，采用形状记忆聚合物材料与金属层交叠，其他组成及连接方式与实施例一相同。智能弹性轴承工作时，在形状记忆聚合物材料层外加温度场。当外界载荷变化时，智能弹性轴承控制外界温度的改变，使形状记忆聚合物材料层在温度场的驱动下产生主动力，来抵抗外界载荷，实现对直升机旋翼系统的主动减振。
实施例四：结合图2说明本实施例。本实施例是一种轴向智能弹性轴承，其组成、连接和控制方式与实施例一相同。与实施例一不同之处在于，所述过渡层为圆台形，第一接头1与第二接头2均为圆形法兰，且第一接头1的直径与第二接头2的直径相同。未加电场时，智能弹性轴承可以承载轴向力并实现一定的扭转和径向运动。施加电场后，在电场的作用下产生主动力，对直升机旋翼系统进行主动减振。
实施例五：结合图3说明本实施例。本实施例是一种径向智能弹性轴承，其组成、连接和控制方式与实施例一相同。与实施例一不同之处在于，所述过渡层为圆环形，第一接头1具有圆柱形的柱体，第二接头2具有围绕柱体外围的环体，所述过渡层位于柱体及环体之间。未加电场时，智能弹性轴承可以承载径向力并实现一定的扭转和轴向运动。施加电场后，在电场的作用下产生主动力，对直升机旋翼系统进行主动减振。
实施例六：结合图1说明本实施例。本实施例是一种球面锥形智能弹性轴承， 其组成及连接方式与实施例一相同。与实施例一不同之处在于，本实施例采用半主动减振的控制方式，通过控制外界电场改变，使压电聚合物材料的刚度、阻尼等力学性能发生改变，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振。
实施例七：结合图1说明本实施例。本实施例是一种球面锥形智能弹性轴承，其组成及连接方式与实施例二相同。与实施例二不同之处在于，本实施例采用半主动减振的控制方式，通过控制外界磁场改变，使磁流变弹性体在磁场的变化下，其弹性模量等力学特性发生变化，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制，凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：
    包括第一接头、第二接头、位于第一接头与第二接头之前的过渡层；所述过渡层包括若干智能聚合物材料层及若干金属层，且智能聚合物材料层及金属层交替层叠设置；
    所述智能聚合物材料层为压电聚合物材料、高分子基压电陶瓷复合材料、磁流变弹性体或形状记忆聚合物材料中的一种或几种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：所述智能聚合物材料在同一层各处厚度分布均匀。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：所述过渡层为球面锥形，第一接头与第二接头均为圆形法兰，且第一接头的直径小于第二接头的直径；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自下而上交替层叠。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：所述过渡层为圆台形，第一接头与第二接头均为圆形法兰，且第一接头的直径与第二接头的直径相同；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自下而上交替层叠。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：所述过渡层为圆环形，第一接头具有圆柱形的柱体，第二接头具有围绕柱体外围的环体，所述过渡层位于柱体及环体之间；智能聚合物材料层及金属层自内向外交替层叠。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的智能弹性轴承，其特征在于：第一接头用以连接直升机的桨叶，第二接头用以连接直升机的桨榖。
  7. 一种如权利要求1至6所述的智能弹性轴承的控制方法，其特征在于：包括以下几种情况，
    (1)、过渡层中选择压电聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界电场改变，使压电聚合物材料层在电场的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷，实现主动减振；
    (2)、过渡层中选择磁流变弹性体材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界磁场改变，使磁流变弹性体材料层在磁场的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷，实现主动减振；
    (3)、过渡层中选择形状记忆聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界温度改变，使形状记忆聚合物材料层在温度的驱动下产生主动力来抵抗外界载荷， 实现主动减振；
    (4)、过渡层中选择压电聚合物材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界电场改变，使材料的刚度、阻尼的力学性能发生改变，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振；
    (5)、过渡层中选择磁流变弹性体材料层；当外界载荷变化时，控制外界磁场改变，使磁流变弹性体在磁场的变化下，其弹性模量的力学特性发生变化，以适应载荷的变化，实现半主动减振。
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