WO2022082490A1 - 轴承用集油衬套及变速器 - Google Patents

轴承用集油衬套及变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022082490A1
WO2022082490A1 PCT/CN2020/122429 CN2020122429W WO2022082490A1 WO 2022082490 A1 WO2022082490 A1 WO 2022082490A1 CN 2020122429 W CN2020122429 W CN 2020122429W WO 2022082490 A1 WO2022082490 A1 WO 2022082490A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
bushing
oil collecting
bush
bearing
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PCT/CN2020/122429
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈达
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
陈达
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Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 陈达 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to US18/032,833 priority Critical patent/US20230392646A1/en
Priority to DE112020007713.6T priority patent/DE112020007713T5/de
Priority to PCT/CN2020/122429 priority patent/WO2022082490A1/zh
Priority to CN202080105207.9A priority patent/CN116490698A/zh
Publication of WO2022082490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082490A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6659—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
    • F16C33/6666—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles from an oil bath in the bearing housing, e.g. by an oil ring or centrifugal disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/0427—Guidance of lubricant on rotary parts, e.g. using baffles for collecting lubricant by centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0469—Bearings or seals
    • F16H57/0471—Bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/38—Ball cages
    • F16C33/41—Ball cages comb-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of bearing lubrication of vehicles, in particular to an oil collecting bush for a bearing and a transmission including the oil collecting bush.
  • the bearing In the transmission of the vehicle, the bearing is the core part, and sufficient lubrication can ensure the normal operation of the bearing.
  • the existing lubrication method for the bearings in the transmission is mainly oil lubrication.
  • splash lubrication is used, that is, a certain amount of lubricating oil is splashed into the bearing through the gear.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of oil collecting bushing for bearings, which can fully lubricate bearings in, for example, transmissions with a simple structure, while effectively cooling the bearings.
  • the oil collecting bushing is especially suitable for high-speed applications. Lubrication and cooling of bearings.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide a transmission including the above-mentioned oil collecting bush for a bearing.
  • the present invention provides an oil collecting bushing for a bearing, the oil collecting bushing is used for introducing lubricating oil into the raceway of the bearing, and the oil collecting bushing has axial, radial and circumferential directions and includes:
  • a cylindrical bushing main body, an oil collecting groove for collecting the lubricating oil is formed in the inner peripheral part of the bushing main body, and a lining body passing through the bushing main body and communicating with the oil collecting groove is formed. multiple openings;
  • a plurality of oil claws are provided at a portion of the bushing main body where the opening is formed, and each of the oil claws is formed so as to be raised radially outward from the bushing main body so as to utilize the The centrifugal force during the rotation of the oil collecting bush enables the lubricating oil from the oil collecting groove to be introduced into the raceway by the corresponding oil claws through the opening.
  • the bushing main body includes an axial center portion and axial two side end portions, the axial center portion is connected to the axial two side end portions and is located between the axial two side end portions, The axial center portion is protruded toward the radially outer side relative to the axially two side end portions, so that the inner peripheral portion of the axially center portion has a shape recessed toward the radially outer side to constitute the oil collecting groove.
  • both axial end portions of the bushing main body extend linearly along the axial direction, and the bushing main body
  • the axial center portion of the is formed in a circular arc shape, so that the bushing body has a substantially ⁇ -shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • each of the oil claws connected to the bushing main body is connected to the radially outermost portion of the axial center portion.
  • the oil sump extends continuously over the entire circumference of the bushing body along the circumferential direction, and the plurality of openings are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in a spaced manner.
  • the plurality of oil claws are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of openings, and the oil claws are formed as flat plates extending obliquely toward the radially outer side while extending from the bush body toward one side in the axial direction. shape or curved plate.
  • the oil collecting bush is formed by integral stamping.
  • the present invention also provides a transmission as follows, which includes the oil collecting bush for a bearing described in any one of the above technical solutions and a bearing corresponding to the oil collecting bush.
  • the oil collecting bush and the bearing are sleeved on the shaft of the transmission, the inner ring of the bearing is fixed to the shaft, and the oil collecting bush is pressed against the shaft in the axial direction.
  • the bushing body of the oil collecting bushing is fixed relative to the inner ring in a manner to the inner ring and is capable of producing a predetermined amount of elastic deformation in the axial direction of the shaft.
  • the free end of the oil claw of the oil collecting bushing away from the bushing main body protrudes into the area between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, so that the lubricating oil can be introduced into the inside the raceway between the inner ring and the outer ring.
  • the present invention provides a new type of oil collecting bushing for bearings and a transmission including the oil collecting bushing.
  • the oil collecting bushing comprises a cylindrical bushing main body and a Multiple oil claws.
  • the bushing body is formed with an oil sump that collects lubricating oil, and an opening that penetrates the bushing body and communicates with the oil sump is formed.
  • the oil collecting bush according to the present invention not only has a simple structure, but also can guide a sufficient amount of lubricating oil in the oil collecting groove into the raceway of the bearing, thereby effectively lubricating the bearing and reducing the temperature of the bearing.
  • the sleeve is especially suitable for lubrication and cooling of high-speed bearings.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of an oil collecting bush for a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the oil collecting bush for a bearing in FIG. 1 , and the hatching is omitted in the drawing.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the bearing oil collecting bush and the corresponding bearing in FIG. 1 are assembled to the input shaft of the transmission, the hatching is omitted in the figure and the black solid arrow indicates the introduction through the oil collecting bush The flow path and flow direction of the lubricating oil within the raceway of the bearing.
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic showing the relationship between the axial preload force (vertical axis) received by the bush body of the bearing oil collecting bush in FIG. 1 and the amount of axial deformation (horizontal axis) generated in the axial direction Graph.
  • Oil collecting bushing 11 Bushing main body 11h opening 111 Axial central part 112 Axial one end part 113 Axial end part 12 Oil claw 121 Base end part 122 Free end part
  • an oil collecting bushing 1 for a bearing includes a bushing main body 11 and an oil claw 12 formed as one body, and the oil collecting bushing 1 is used for introducing lubricating oil into the corresponding
  • the bearing 2 is installed in the raceway 2S of the rollers, so as to effectively realize the lubrication and cooling of the bearing 2 at the same time.
  • the oil collecting bush 1 is formed by, for example, integral press molding.
  • the bush body 11 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the bushing main body 11 is divided into three parts, specifically including an axial center part 111 and axial end parts 112 and 113 on both sides. 113 is connected and located between the ends 112 and 113 on both sides in the axial direction.
  • the axial one end portion 112 of the both axial end portions 112 and 113 extends linearly along the axial direction A, and the axial direction one
  • the other axial end of the side end portion 112 is connected to the axial one end of the axial center portion 111;
  • the side end portions 112 have the same size and also extend linearly along the axial direction A, and the axially one end of the axially other end portion 113 is connected to the axially other end of the axially central portion 111 .
  • the axial center portion 111 is formed in a circular arc shape that is drawn toward the radially outer side with respect to the axial both side end portions 112 and 113 , so that the bushing main body 11 has a cross section taken along the axial direction A of the bushing main body 11 . Roughly ⁇ -shaped cross-sectional shape.
  • the inner peripheral portion of the axial center portion 111 is formed in a shape recessed toward the radially outer side, so as to constitute a collector for collecting lubricating oil that extends continuously over the entire circumference of the bush body 11 in the circumferential direction.
  • oil groove on the other hand, the bushing main body 11 having a substantially ⁇ -shaped cross-sectional shape has the relationship between the axial load force and the axial deformation amount as shown in the characteristic curve of FIG.
  • the dimensional chain cumulative tolerances of the various components of the shaft in the axial direction of the shaft.
  • a plurality of openings 11h distributed in the circumferential direction are formed in the portion of the bush body 11 from the radially outermost portion of the axial center portion 111 to the axial one side end portion 112 . All the openings 11h are spaced apart from each other and distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction. Each opening 11h penetrates the bush body 11 in the radial direction R and communicates with the oil collecting groove, so that the lubricating oil collected in the oil collecting groove can flow to the corresponding oil claw 12 through the opening 11h.
  • the plurality of oil claws 12 are formed by punching the plurality of openings 11h in the bushing body 11 so that the plurality of oil claws 12 are fixed to the portion of the bushing body 11 where the openings 11h are formed.
  • the base end portion 121 of each oil claw 12 connected to the bushing main body 11 is connected to the radially outermost portion of the axial center portion 111 of the bushing main body 11 , and each oil claw 12 is formed so as to extend from the bushing
  • the sleeve main body 11 has a flat plate shape or an arc-shaped plate shape (arc in cross section) extending obliquely toward the radially outer side while extending toward one side in the axial direction so that each oil claw 12 extends from the center portion 111 of the bushing main body 11 in the axial direction.
  • the radially outermost part is raised toward the axial side and the radial outer side.
  • the corresponding oil claws 12 are respectively introduced into the raceways 2S of the bearing 2 , thereby effectively realizing the lubrication and cooling of the bearing 2 .
  • the present invention also provides a transmission comprising the oil collecting bush 1 for a bearing having the above structure and a bearing 2 corresponding to the oil collecting bush 1 .
  • a transmission comprising the oil collecting bush 1 for a bearing having the above structure and a bearing 2 corresponding to the oil collecting bush 1 .
  • the bearing 2 as the bearing between the input shaft of the transmission and the transmission housing as an example, the installation and function of the oil collecting bush 1 will be described.
  • the oil collecting bush 1 and the bearing 2 are fitted to the input shaft (not shown) of the transmission in a substantially coaxial manner.
  • the inner ring 21 of the bearing 2 is fixed to the input shaft by, for example, an interference fit, and the bushing body 11 of the oil collecting bush 1 is pressed against the inner ring 21 by an axial loading force in the axial direction of the input shaft. It is fixed to the inner ring 21 so that the bush body 11 can be elastically deformed by a predetermined amount in the axial direction of the input shaft.
  • a transition fit can be achieved between the bushing body 11 of the oil collecting bushing 1 and the input shaft, and the free end 122 of the oil claw 12 of the oil collecting bushing 1 away from the bushing body 11 is aligned, preferably approaching or protruding into The area between the inner ring 21 and the outer ring 22 of the bearing 2 .
  • the lubricating oil passing through the inner peripheral surface of the oil collecting bushing 1 will pass through the oil collecting groove and the opening 11h in the axial center portion 111 of the bushing main body 11 in sequence, and then be guided into the raceway of the bearing 2 along the inner peripheral surface of the oil claw 12 2S, and the lubricating oil passing through the outer peripheral surface of the oil collecting bushing 1 will sequentially pass through the outer peripheral surface of the axial end portion 113 of the bushing main body 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the axial center portion 111, and then follow the oil claw.
  • the outer peripheral surface of 12 is introduced into raceway 2S of bearing 2 .
  • a plurality of components including the oil collecting bush 1 and the bearing 2 need to be installed side by side on the input shaft in the axial direction of the input shaft, and at least one shim is required in the prior art to compensate these components in the input shaft.
  • the cumulative tolerance of the dimension chain in the axial direction is required.
  • the cross section of the bush main body 11 of the oil collecting bush 1 is formed into a substantially ⁇ shape, there is an axial loading force as shown in the characteristic curve of FIG. 4 .
  • the range of the cumulative tolerance of the dimension chain is large, so that it is convenient to compensate the cumulative tolerance of the dimension chain in the axial direction of the input shaft of multiple components.
  • the oil claw 12 and the bush main body 11 are integrally formed in the above-mentioned specific embodiment, this invention is not limited to this.
  • the oil claw 12 and the bushing main body 11 may be formed separately, and then the oil claw 12 is fixed to the bushing main body 11 by means of welding, for example.
  • the oil claw does not have to be fixed with the bushing body, for example, the oil claw can be arranged on the bushing main body in a way that can swing and/or rotate relative to the bushing main body, so as to adjust the introduction of lubrication from the oil collecting bushing to the corresponding bearing. oil direction.
  • the number of the openings 11h and the oil claws 12 of the bushing main body 11 communicating with the oil collecting groove is not limited to any specific value, and can be set as required, and the openings 11h and the oil claws 12 may not form a one-to-one mapping. relation.
  • the oil collecting bushing 1 according to the present invention can be formed by a stamping process, so the cost is low and the performance is better.
  • the oil collecting bushing 1 has a simple structure and is easy to implement the forced lubrication function of the bearing 2, and is especially suitable for high-speed bearings with high heat generation.
  • the oil collecting bushing 1 according to the present invention only adopts a single part, and has compact size, high reliability and significant cost advantage.
  • the oil collecting bushing 1 according to the present invention can also easily compensate for the cumulative tolerance of the dimension chain of the multiple components in the axial direction of the input shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴承用集油衬套，其用于将润滑油导入轴承（2）的滚道（2S）内并且包括筒状的衬套主体（11）和多个油爪（12）。衬套主体（11）的内周部形成有用于收集润滑油的集油槽，并且衬套主体（11）形成有贯通衬套主体（11）且与集油槽连通的多个开口（11h）。多个油爪（12）设置于衬套主体（11）的形成开口（11h）的部位，各油爪（12）形成为从衬套主体（11）朝向径向外侧翘起，从而利用集油衬套（1）转动过程中的离心力使得来自集油槽内的润滑油能够经由开口（11h）被对应的油爪（12）导入滚道（2S）内。该集油衬套能够对轴承进行有效润滑的同时使得轴承的温度降低。还提供包括上述集油衬套的变速器。

Description

轴承用集油衬套及变速器 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的轴承润滑领域，具体地涉及一种轴承用集油衬套以及包括该集油衬套的变速器。
背景技术
在车辆的变速器中，轴承是核心零件，充足的润滑可以确保轴承正常工作。现有的针对变速器中的轴承的润滑方式主要为油润滑。对于变速器中的一般轴承的油润滑都采用飞溅式润滑，也就是通过齿轮将一定量的润滑油溅入轴承内部。
但是对于变速器中的高速轴承，飞溅式润滑往往不能对轴承进行充分润滑的同时使得高速轴承有效降温。因此，在多数情况下，对变速器中的高速轴承改为强制喷油润滑，以确保足量润滑油流经轴承，从而对高速轴承进行充分润滑的同时使得高速轴承有效降温。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的情况而做出本发明。本发明的一个目的在于提供一种新型的轴承用集油衬套，其能够以简单的结构实现对例如变速器中的轴承进行充分润滑的同时使得轴承有效降温，该集油衬套尤其适用于高速轴承的润滑和降温。另外，本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种包括上述轴承用集油衬套的变速器。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案。
本发明提供了一种如下的一种轴承用集油衬套，所述集油衬套用于将润滑油导入所述轴承的滚道内，所述集油衬套具有轴向、径向和周向并且包括：
筒状的衬套主体，所述衬套主体的内周部形成有用于收集所述润滑油的集油槽，并且所述衬套主体形成有贯通所述衬套主体且与所述集油槽连通的多个开口；以及
多个油爪，所述多个油爪设置于所述衬套主体的形成所述开口的部位，各所述油爪形成为从所述衬套主体朝向径向外侧翘起，从而利用所述集油衬套转动过程中的离心力使得来自所述集油槽内的所述润滑油能够经由所述开口被对应的所述油爪导入所述滚道内。
优选地，所述衬套主体包括轴向中央部和轴向两侧端部，所述轴向中央部与所述轴向两侧端部相连且位于所述轴向两侧端部之间，所述轴向中央部相对于所述轴向两侧端部朝向径向外侧鼔出，使得所述轴向中央部的内周部形成朝向径向外侧凹陷的形状，以构成所述集油槽。
更优选地，在所述衬套主体的沿着所述轴向截取的截面中，所述衬套主体的轴向两侧端部沿着所述轴向直线状地延伸，所述衬套主体的轴向中央部形成为圆弧形状，使得所述衬套主体具有大致Ω形状的截面形状。
更优选地，各所述油爪的与所述衬套主体相连的基端部与所述轴向中央部的位于径向最外侧的部位相连。
更优选地，所述集油槽沿着所述周向在所述衬套主体的整周上连续地延伸，所述多个开口以间隔开的方式在所述周向上均匀分布。
更优选地，所述多个油爪与所述多个开口一一对应，并且所述油爪被形成为从所述衬套主体朝向轴向一侧延伸的同时朝向径向外侧倾斜延伸的平板形状或弧形板状。
更优选地，所述集油衬套通过一体化冲压成型而形成。
本发明还提供了一种如下的变速器，所述变速器包括以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的轴承用集油衬套以及与该集油衬套对应的轴承。
优选地，所述集油衬套和所述轴承套装于所述变速器的轴，所述轴承的内圈固定于所述轴，所述集油衬套以在所述轴的轴向上压抵于所述内圈的方式相对于所述内圈固定并且所述集油衬套的衬套主体能够在所述轴的轴向上产生预定量的弹性变形。
更优选地，所述集油衬套的油爪的远离所述衬套主体的自由端部伸入所述轴承的内圈和外圈之间的区域，从而能够将所述润滑油导入所述内圈和所述外圈之间的滚道内。
通过采用上述的技术方案，本发明提供了一种新型的轴承用集油衬套及包括该集油衬套的变速器，该集油衬套包括筒状的衬套主体和设置于衬套主体的多个油爪。衬套主体形成有收集润滑油的集油槽并且形成有贯通衬套主体且与集油槽连通的开口。通过将油爪设置于衬套主体的形成开口的部位且使得油爪从衬套主体朝向径向外侧翘起，能够利用集油衬套转动过程中产生的离心力，使得来自集油槽内的润滑油经由开口被对应的油爪导入轴承的滚道内。这样，根据本发明的集油衬套不仅结构简单，而且能够将集油槽内的足够量的润滑油导入轴承的滚道内，进而对轴承进行有效润滑的同时使得轴承的温度降低，该集油衬套尤其适用于高速轴承的润滑和降温。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明的一实施方式的轴承用集油衬套的结构的立体示意图。
图2是示出了图1中的轴承用集油衬套的结构的剖视示意图，图中省略了剖面线。
图3是示出了图1中的轴承用集油衬套与对应的轴承组装于变速器的输入轴的状态的剖视示意图，图中省略了剖面线且黑色实心箭头表示经由集油衬套导入轴承的滚道内的润滑油的流动路径和流动方向。
图4是表示图1中的轴承用集油衬套的衬套主体受到的轴向预加载力(纵轴)和在轴向上产生的轴向变形量(横轴)之间的关系的特性曲线图。
附图标记说明
1集油衬套 11衬套主体 11h开口 111轴向中央部 112轴向一侧端部 113轴向另一侧端部 12油爪 121基端部 122自由端部
2轴承 21内圈 22外圈 2S滚道
A轴向 R径向。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本发明，而不用于穷举本发明的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本发明的范围。
在本发明中，除非另有说明，否则“轴向”、“径向”和“周向”分别是指根据本发明的集油衬套(衬套主体)的轴向、径向和周向；“轴向一侧”是指图2和图3中的左侧，“轴向另一侧”是指图2和图3中的右侧。以下参照附图说明根据本发明的一实施方式的集油衬套的结构。
如图1至图3所示，根据本发明的一实施方式的轴承用集油衬套1包括形成为一体的衬套主体11和油爪12，集油衬套1用于将润滑油导入对应的轴承2的安装滚子的滚道2S内，以同时有效地实现轴承2的润滑和降温。在本实施方式中，该集油衬套1例如通过一体化冲压成型而形成。
在本实施方式中，衬套主体11具有大致圆筒形状。在轴向A上，衬套主体11被分为三个部分，具体地包括轴向中央部111以及轴向两侧端部112、113，轴向中央部111与轴向两侧端部112、113相连且位于轴向两侧端部112、113之间。在衬套主体11的沿着轴向A截取的截面中，轴向两侧端部112、113 之中的轴向一侧端部112沿着轴向A直线状地延伸，并且该轴向一侧端部112的轴向另一侧端与轴向中央部111的轴向一侧端相连；轴向两侧端部112、113之中的轴向另一侧端部113具有与轴向一侧端部112相同的尺寸且同样沿着轴向A直线状地延伸，并且轴向另一侧端部113的轴向一侧端与轴向中央部111的轴向另一侧端相连。轴向中央部111形成为相对于轴向两侧端部112、113朝向径向外侧鼔出的圆弧形状，使得在衬套主体11的沿着轴向A截取的截面中衬套主体11具有大致Ω形状的截面形状。
这样，一方面，通过轴向中央部111的内周部形成朝向径向外侧凹陷的形状，以构成沿着周向在衬套主体11的整周上连续地延伸的用于收集润滑油的集油槽；另一方面，具有大致Ω形状的截面形状的衬套主体11具有如图4的特性曲线所示的轴向加载力与轴向变形量之间的关系特性，从而能够补偿安装于变速器的轴的多个组件在轴的轴向上的尺寸链累计公差。
另外，衬套主体11的从轴向中央部111的位于径向最外侧的部位直到轴向一侧端部112为止的部分形成有在周向上分布的多个开口11h。所有开口11h彼此分隔开且在周向上均匀地分布。各开口11h在径向R上贯通衬套主体11且与集油槽连通，从而收集于集油槽中的润滑油能够经由开口11h流向对应的油爪12。
在本实施方式中，利用在衬套主体11冲压多个开口11h得到的部分形成多个油爪12，使得多个油爪12固定于衬套主体11的形成开口11h的部位。具体地，各油爪12的与衬套主体11相连的基端部121与衬套主体11的轴向中央部111的位于径向最外侧的部位相连，并且各油爪12被形成为从衬套主体11朝向轴向一侧延伸的同时朝向径向外侧倾斜地延伸的平板形状或弧形板状(横截面为弧形)，使得各油爪12从衬套主体11的轴向中央部111的位于径向最外侧的部位起朝向轴向一侧和径向外侧翘起。在本实施方式中，多个油爪 12与多个开口11h存在一一对应的映射关系，因而利用集油衬套1转动过程中产生的离心力，使得来自集油槽内的润滑油能够经由开口11h被对应的油爪12分别导入轴承2的滚道2S内，从而有效实现轴承2的润滑和降温。
此外，本发明还提供了一种变速器，该变速器包括具有以上结构的轴承用集油衬套1和与该集油衬套1对应的轴承2。以该轴承2为变速器的输入轴和变速器壳体之间的轴承为例来对集油衬套1的安装和作用进行说明。
如图3所示，集油衬套1和轴承2以大致同轴的方式套装于变速器的输入轴(未示出)。轴承2的内圈21例如通过过盈配合的方式固定于输入轴，集油衬套1的衬套主体11以在输入轴的轴向上被轴向加载力压抵于内圈21的方式相对于内圈21固定，使得衬套主体11能够在输入轴的轴向上产生预定量的弹性变形。集油衬套1的衬套主体11与输入轴之间可以实现过渡配合，并且集油衬套1的油爪12的远离衬套主体11的自由端部122对准，优选地接近或伸入轴承2的内圈21和外圈22之间的区域。
通过采用上述的方案，一方面，如图3所示，在变速器的输入轴转动的过程中，由于存在离心力，来自输入轴的润滑油能够分别经由集油衬套1的内周面和外周面被油爪12导入轴承2的滚道2S。经由集油衬套1的内周面的润滑油将顺次经由衬套主体11的轴向中央部111的集油槽和开口11h，再沿着油爪12的内周面导入轴承2的滚道2S，而经由集油衬套1的外周面的润滑油将顺次经由衬套主体11的轴向另一侧端部113的外周面和轴向中央部111的外周面，再沿着油爪12的外周面导入轴承2的滚道2S。这样，能够将足够量的润滑油导入轴承2的内圈21和外圈22之间的用于安装滚子的滚道2S内，从而有效地实现轴承2的润滑和降温。
另一方面，包括该集油衬套1和轴承2的多个组件需要在输入轴的轴向上并排安装于输入轴，并且在现有技术中需要至少一个垫片来补偿这些组件在 输入轴的轴向上的尺寸链累计公差。但是，在包括具有上述结构的集油衬套1的变速器中，由于集油衬套1的衬套主体11的截面形成为大致Ω形状而具有如图4的特性曲线所示的轴向加载力与轴向变形量之间的关系特性，因而较小范围的期望的轴向加载力能够对应较大范围的轴向变形量，也就是说以较小范围的期望的轴向加载力能够补偿的尺寸链累计公差的范围较大，从而方便补偿多个组件在输入轴的轴向上的尺寸链累计公差。
应当理解，上述实施方式仅是示例性的，不用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的教导下对上述实施方式做出各种变型和改变，而不脱离本发明的范围。另外，进行如下补充说明。
(i)虽然在以上的具体实施方式中说明了油爪12与衬套主体11形成为一体，但是本发明不限于此。在替代方案中，可以使得油爪12和衬套主体11分别单独地形成，然后采用例如焊接等方式将油爪12固定于衬套主体11。
进一步地，油爪不必与衬套主体固定，例如油爪可以采用相对于衬套主体能够摆动和/或转动的方式设置于衬套主体，从而能够调整从集油衬套向对应的轴承导入润滑油的方向。
进一步地，衬套主体11的与集油槽连通的开口11h和油爪12的数量不受限于任何具体数值，可以根据需要进行设置，而且开口11h和油爪12可以不形成一一对应的映射关系。
(ii)虽然在图3中针对一个轴承2设置有一个集油衬套1，但是本发明不限于此，如果需要，可以对应一个轴承2设置例如两个集油衬套1。
(iii)可以理解，根据本发明的集油衬套1可以采用冲压工艺成型，因而成本低且性能较佳。另外该集油衬套1的结构简单，易于实现对轴承2的强制润滑功能，对于发热较高的高速轴承尤为适用。与现有的强制喷油润滑方案相比，根据本发明的集油衬套1仅采用单一零件，尺寸紧凑，可靠性高且 具有显著的成本优势。
另外，根据本发明的集油衬套1还能够方便地补偿多个组件在输入轴的轴向上的尺寸链累计公差。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轴承用集油衬套，其中，所述集油衬套(1)用于将润滑油导入所述轴承(2)的滚道(2S)内，所述集油衬套(1)具有轴向(A)、径向(R)和周向并且包括：
    筒状的衬套主体(11)，所述衬套主体(11)的内周部形成有用于收集所述润滑油的集油槽，并且所述衬套主体(11)形成有贯通所述衬套主体(11)且与所述集油槽连通的多个开口(11h)；以及
    多个油爪(12)，所述多个油爪(12)设置于所述衬套主体(11)的形成所述开口(11h)的部位，各所述油爪(12)形成为从所述衬套主体(11)朝向径向外侧翘起，从而利用所述集油衬套(1)转动过程中的离心力使得来自所述集油槽内的所述润滑油能够经由所述开口(11h)被对应的所述油爪(12)导入所述滚道(2S)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，所述衬套主体(11)包括轴向中央部(111)和轴向两侧端部(112、113)，所述轴向中央部(111)与所述轴向两侧端部(112、113)相连且位于所述轴向两侧端部(112、113)之间，所述轴向中央部(111)相对于所述轴向两侧端部(112、113)朝向径向外侧鼔出，使得所述轴向中央部(111)的内周部形成朝向径向外侧凹陷的形状，以构成所述集油槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，在所述衬套主体(11)的沿着所述轴向(A)截取的截面中，所述衬套主体(11)的轴向两侧端部(112、113)沿着所述轴向(A)直线状地延伸，所述衬套主体(11)的轴向中央部(111)形成为圆弧形状，使得所述衬套主体(11)具有大致Ω形状的截面形状。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，各所述油爪(12)的与所述衬套主体(11)相连的基端部(121)与所述轴向中央部(111) 的位于径向最外侧的部位相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，所述集油槽沿着所述周向在所述衬套主体(11)的整周上连续地延伸，所述多个开口(11h)以间隔开的方式在所述周向上均匀分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，所述多个油爪(12)与所述多个开口(11h)一一对应，并且所述油爪(12)被形成为从所述衬套主体(11)朝向轴向一侧延伸的同时朝向径向外侧倾斜延伸的平板形状或弧形板状。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的轴承用集油衬套，其特征在于，所述集油衬套(1)通过一体化冲压成型而形成。
  8. 一种变速器，所述变速器包括权利要求1至7中任一项所述的轴承用集油衬套(1)以及与该集油衬套(1)对应的轴承(2)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述集油衬套(1)和所述轴承(2)套装于所述变速器的轴，所述轴承(2)的内圈(21)固定于所述轴，所述集油衬套(1)以在所述轴的轴向上压抵于所述内圈(21)的方式相对于所述内圈(21)固定并且所述集油衬套(1)的衬套主体(11)能够在所述轴的轴向上产生预定量的弹性变形。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述集油衬套(1)的油爪(12)的远离所述衬套主体(11)的自由端部(122)伸入所述轴承(2)的内圈(21)和外圈(22)之间的区域，从而能够将所述润滑油导入所述内圈(21)和所述外圈(22)之间的滚道(2S)内。
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