WO2022080588A1 - 선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치 및 이를 구비한 선박 - Google Patents
선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치 및 이를 구비한 선박 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022080588A1 WO2022080588A1 PCT/KR2020/018601 KR2020018601W WO2022080588A1 WO 2022080588 A1 WO2022080588 A1 WO 2022080588A1 KR 2020018601 W KR2020018601 W KR 2020018601W WO 2022080588 A1 WO2022080588 A1 WO 2022080588A1
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- unit
- absorption
- absorption liquid
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- exhaust gas
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- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 363
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Definitions
- the present invention maintains the concentration of the greenhouse gas absorbing liquid constant to prevent a decrease in the absorption performance of the absorption tower, and by applying a pressurization system, it is possible to prevent the loss of the absorption liquid due to the natural evaporation of the high concentration absorption liquid, reducing greenhouse gas emissions of ships It relates to an apparatus and a ship having the same.
- the present invention can prevent a decrease in the concentration of the absorbent liquid by cooling the exhaust gas with fresh water by a heat exchange method, and control the concentration of the absorbent liquid to keep the concentration of the absorbent liquid constant to prevent deterioration of absorption performance. It relates to a device for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and a ship equipped with the same.
- CCS Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage
- carbon dioxide emission regulation is regulated through IMO's EEDI, which aims to reduce more than 50% of 2008 emissions in 2050, and 40% of 2008 emissions must be reduced in 2030. , the technology to capture the emitted CO 2 is attracting attention.
- CO 2 capture technology can be approached in various ways depending on the CO 2 generation conditions of the target process.
- the representative technologies include absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, among which The wet absorption method has a high technological maturity in onshore plants and is easy to treat large amounts of CO 2 , so it can be said to be the closest capture technology to the commercialization of CCS technology, and amine-based and ammonia are mainly used as absorbents.
- the technical task to be achieved by the spirit of the present invention is to prevent a decrease in the absorption performance of the absorption tower by maintaining the concentration of the greenhouse gas absorption liquid constant, and to apply a pressurization system to prevent the loss of the absorption liquid due to the natural evaporation of the high concentration absorption liquid. It is to provide an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of ships and a ship having the same.
- the technical problem to be achieved by the spirit of the present invention is to prevent a decrease in the concentration of the absorbent liquid due to the cooling of exhaust gas by fresh water, and to prevent the decrease in absorption performance due to the concentration change due to the repeated circulation of the absorbent, a greenhouse of a ship
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gas emission reduction device and a ship having the same.
- a seawater supply unit for supplying seawater;
- Absorption liquid production unit for preparing and supplying a high-concentration CO 2 absorbent liquid;
- the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine is cooled by reacting with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, and the cooled exhaust gas and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit are reacted to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 CO 2 removal unit formed, absorption tower; an absorption liquid concentration control unit for controlling the concentration of the absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower from the absorption liquid preparation unit; and an ammonia regenerating unit that reacts the aqueous solution of ammonium salt discharged from the absorption tower with an aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide to regenerate NH 3 and return it to the absorption tower to be reused as an absorption liquid; reducing greenhouse gas emissions of ships, including provide the device.
- the marine engine may use LNG or low-sulfur oil as a fuel.
- the absorption tower reacts the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit to dissolve and remove SOx while cooling it. Further comprising a part, wherein the CO 2 removal unit reacts with the exhaust gas from which the SOx has been removed and the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit to cool, and reacts the cooled exhaust gas with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid preparation unit to generate CO 2 It can be converted to an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- the absorption tower further comprises a NOx absorption unit for absorbing and removing NOx of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine, the CO 2 removal unit, the NOx is removed from the exhaust gas supplied from the seawater supply unit seawater It reacts with and cools, and by reacting the cooled exhaust gas with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid preparation unit, CO 2 can be converted into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- a NOx absorption unit for absorbing and removing NOx of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine
- the CO 2 removal unit the NOx is removed from the exhaust gas supplied from the seawater supply unit seawater It reacts with and cools, and by reacting the cooled exhaust gas with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid preparation unit, CO 2 can be converted into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- the absorption tower includes a NO X absorbing part that absorbs and removes NO X of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine, and the exhaust gas from which the NO X is removed reacts with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit to cool the SO X
- the SO X absorption unit for dissolving and removing the SO X and the CO 2 removal unit for removing the CO 2 by converting the SO X into an aqueous ammonium salt solution by reacting the exhaust gas from which the SO X has been removed and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid preparation unit are sequentially removed It may be laminated.
- the ammonia regeneration unit regenerates NH 3 and returns it to the absorption tower to be reused as an absorption liquid
- the NO X absorption unit absorbs NO X as NH 3 supplied from the ammonia regeneration unit, or by using urea water. NO X can be absorbed.
- the seawater supply unit a seawater pump that receives the seawater from the outboard through the sea chest and pumps it to the SO X absorption unit; and a seawater control valve for controlling an injection amount of seawater supplied from the seawater pump to the SO X absorption unit according to the amount of exhaust gas.
- the absorbent liquid manufacturing unit a fresh water tank for storing fresh water; a fresh water control valve for supplying fresh water from the fresh water tank; NH 3 storage for storing high pressure NH 3 ; an ammonia water tank for preparing and storing high-concentration ammonia water as an absorption liquid by injecting NH 3 supplied from the NH 3 storage to the fresh water supplied by the fresh water control valve; a pH sensor for measuring the ammonia water concentration in the ammonia water tank; and an ammonia water supply pump for supplying ammonia water from the ammonia water tank to the absorption liquid concentration control unit.
- the absorption liquid concentration control unit a fresh water supply line for supplying fresh water; a pH sensor for measuring the concentration of ammonia water, which is the absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower; a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid manufacturing unit; A mixer for adjusting the concentration of the ammonia water by mixing the high concentration ammonia water from the absorption liquid production unit to increase the concentration or by mixing the fresh water supply line to lower the concentration according to the ammonia water concentration by the pH sensor; and a valve for maintaining pressure to prevent evaporation of NH 3 during mixing by the mixer.
- the SO X absorption unit a multi-stage seawater injection nozzle for spraying the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit downwardly; and an exhaust gas inlet pipe in the form of a partition wall or an umbrella-shaped blocking plate covering the exhaust gas inlet pipe to prevent the washing water from flowing backward.
- a porous upper plate having a flow path through which the exhaust gas passes is formed in multiple stages under the seawater injection nozzle, so that seawater and the exhaust gas can contact each other.
- an absorption tower filled with a filler for allowing seawater and exhaust gas to contact is formed under the seawater injection nozzle, so that seawater can dissolve SO X .
- the CO 2 removal unit an ammonia water injection nozzle for spraying the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid concentration control unit downwardly;
- a cooling jacket formed in multiple stages for each section of the absorption tower filled with the filler to cool the heat generated by the CO 2 removal reaction;
- the filler is composed of a multi-stage distillation column packing designed to have a large contact area per unit volume, and a solution redistributor may be formed between the distillation column packings.
- the absorption tower may further include an EGE formed between the NO X absorption unit and the SO X absorption unit to exchange heat between waste heat of the marine engine and boiler water.
- the ammonia regeneration unit a storage tank for storing the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution; a mixing tank for generating NH 3 (g) and carbonate by stirring the aqueous solution of ammonium salt and the aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide discharged from the absorption tower with a stirrer; a filter for separating carbonate by sucking the solution and precipitate from the mixing tank; a high-pressure pump for transferring the solution and the precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and an ammonia water storage tank for storing the ammonia water or fresh water separated by the filter and supplying it to the absorption liquid concentration control unit.
- the aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide stored in the storage tank may be Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 generated by reacting fresh water with CaO or MgO.
- a washing water tank for storing the washing water discharged from the absorption tower, a filtering unit for adjusting turbidity to meet the overboard discharge condition of the washing water transferred to the washing water tank by a transfer pump, and injection of a neutralizer for pH control
- a water treatment device having a unit, and a sludge storage tank for separately storing the solid waste may further include a discharge unit.
- the present invention can provide a ship equipped with the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the ship described above.
- an exhaust gas cooling unit for cooling the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine;
- Absorption liquid production unit for preparing and supplying a high-concentration CO 2 absorbent liquid;
- an absorption tower formed with a CO 2 removal unit for converting CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution by reacting the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooling unit with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit to remove CO 2 ;
- an absorption liquid concentration control unit for controlling the concentration of the absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower from the absorption liquid preparation unit; and an ammonia regenerating unit that reacts the aqueous solution of ammonium salt discharged from the absorption tower with an aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide to regenerate NH 3 and return it to the absorption tower to be reused as an absorption liquid; reducing greenhouse gas emissions of ships, including provide the device.
- the marine engine may use LNG or low-sulfur oil as a fuel.
- the exhaust gas cooling unit may circulate fresh water provided from the inboard cooling system through a heat exchange pipe surrounding the exhaust gas exhaust pipe to cool the exhaust gas to a temperature of 27°C to 33°C.
- the absorption tower further includes a NOx absorption unit for absorbing and removing NOx of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine, and the CO 2 removal unit is the exhaust gas from which the NOx is removed and cooled by the exhaust gas cooling unit. and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid preparation unit react to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- the ammonia regeneration unit regenerates NH 3 and returns it to the absorption tower to be reused as an absorption liquid
- the NO X absorption unit absorbs NO X as NH 3 supplied from the ammonia regeneration unit, or by using urea water. NO X can be absorbed.
- the absorbent liquid manufacturing unit a fresh water tank for storing fresh water; a fresh water control valve for supplying fresh water from the fresh water tank; NH 3 storage for storing high pressure NH 3 ; an ammonia water tank for preparing and storing high-concentration ammonia water as an absorption liquid by injecting NH 3 supplied from the NH 3 storage to the fresh water supplied by the fresh water control valve; a pH sensor for measuring the ammonia water concentration in the ammonia water tank; and an ammonia water supply pump for supplying ammonia water from the ammonia water tank to the absorption liquid concentration control unit.
- the absorption liquid concentration control unit a fresh water supply line for supplying fresh water; a pH sensor for measuring the concentration of ammonia water, which is the absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower; a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid manufacturing unit; A mixer for adjusting the concentration of the ammonia water by mixing the high concentration ammonia water from the absorption liquid production unit to increase the concentration or by mixing the fresh water supply line to lower the concentration according to the ammonia water concentration by the pH sensor; and a valve for maintaining pressure to prevent evaporation of NH 3 during mixing by the mixer.
- the CO 2 removal unit an ammonia water injection nozzle for spraying the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid concentration control unit downwardly;
- a cooling jacket formed in multiple stages for each section of the absorption tower filled with the filler to cool the heat generated by the CO 2 removal reaction;
- the filler is composed of a multi-stage distillation column packing designed to have a large contact area per unit volume, and a solution redistributor may be formed between the distillation column packings.
- the absorption tower may further include an EGE formed between the NO X absorption unit and the exhaust gas cooling unit to exchange heat between waste heat of the marine engine and boiler water.
- the ammonia regeneration unit a storage tank for storing the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution; a mixing tank for generating NH 3 (g) and carbonate by stirring the aqueous solution of ammonium salt and the aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide discharged from the absorption tower with a stirrer; a filter for separating carbonate by sucking the solution and precipitate from the mixing tank; a high-pressure pump for transferring the solution and the precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and an ammonia water storage tank for storing the ammonia water or fresh water separated by the filter and supplying it to the absorption liquid concentration control unit.
- the aqueous solution of divalent metal hydroxide stored in the storage tank may be Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 generated by reacting fresh water with CaO or MgO.
- a washing water tank for storing the washing water discharged from the absorption tower, a filtering unit for adjusting turbidity to meet the overboard discharge condition of the washing water transferred to the washing water tank by a transfer pump, and injection of a neutralizer for pH control
- a water treatment device having a unit, and a sludge storage tank for separately storing the solid waste may further include a discharge unit.
- the present invention can provide a ship equipped with the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the ship described above.
- the concentration of the greenhouse gas absorption liquid is kept constant to prevent the absorption performance decrease of the absorption tower, the absorption liquid loss due to the natural evaporation of the high concentration absorption liquid is prevented by applying a pressurization system, and the IMO greenhouse gas emission regulation is implemented.
- Greenhouse gas is stored in the form of carbonate in its natural state so that it can be discharged to the sea, and when NH 3 is regenerated, side reactions caused by residual SO X are removed to minimize the loss of NH 3 and impurities are not included in the recovery of ammonia. can have an effect.
- the concentration of the absorbent liquid is prevented from being lowered, thereby reducing the capacity size of the rear end of the filter, and adjusting the concentration of the absorbent liquid Maintain a constant concentration of absorbent to prevent degradation of greenhouse gas absorption performance, prevent loss of absorbent due to natural evaporation of high-concentration absorbent by applying a pressurization system, and do not affect the environment to meet IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a system circuit diagram implementing the greenhouse gas emission reduction device of the ship of FIG. 1 .
- Figure 3 is a view showing the separation of the seawater supply of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device of the ship of Figure 2;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an absorption liquid manufacturing unit, an absorption liquid concentration control unit, and an ammonia regeneration unit of the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the vessel of FIG. 2 separately.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing the separation of the absorption tower of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device of the ship of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the SO X absorption part of the absorption tower of FIG. 5 separated.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing the separation of the steam generating unit and the discharge unit of the greenhouse gas emission reduction apparatus of the ship of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates various fillers applied to the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of the ship of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates an ammonia water injection nozzle applied to the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the ship of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a system circuit diagram implementing the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of FIG. 10 .
- FIG. 12 is a view showing the separation of the exhaust gas cooling unit and the absorption tower of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device of the ship according to another embodiment of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an absorption liquid manufacturing unit, an absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit, and an ammonia regenerating unit of the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 14 is a separate view illustrating a steam generating unit of the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 15 illustrates various fillers applied to the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 16 illustrates an ammonia water injection nozzle applied to the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship according to another embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship includes a seawater supply unit 110 for supplying seawater, an absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120 for manufacturing and supplying a high-concentration CO 2 absorption liquid, and a ship
- the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 10 is cooled by reacting with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, and the cooled exhaust gas and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120 are reacted to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution.
- the absorption tower 130 in which the CO 2 removal unit 131 for removing CO 2 is formed, the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140 for adjusting the concentration of the absorption liquid supplied from the absorption liquid production unit 120 to the absorption tower 130; And the ammonium salt aqueous solution discharged from the absorption tower 130 is reacted with the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution to regenerate NH 3 and return to the absorption tower 130 to be reused as an absorption liquid, including an ammonia regeneration unit 150, the absorption liquid
- the main point is to prevent deterioration of absorption performance by maintaining a constant concentration of
- the tower may be configured to include, in addition to the CO 2 removal unit, a NOx absorption unit or an SOx absorption unit, or both.
- an SOx absorption unit capable of simultaneously performing cooling of exhaust gas and absorption by dissolution of SOx may be additionally provided.
- the seawater supply unit 110 supplies seawater to the absorption tower 130 to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas to facilitate the absorption of CO 2 by the absorption liquid.
- the seawater supply unit sucks seawater from the outboard through a sea chest (not shown) and receives the supplied SO X absorption unit 132 of the absorption tower 130 .
- a seawater pump 111 for pumping may be composed of a seawater pump 111 for pumping, and a seawater control valve 112 for controlling the injection amount of seawater supplied to the SO X absorption unit 132 according to the amount of exhaust gas.
- the seawater pump 111 may be separated into a suction pump for sucking seawater from the outboard and a seawater transfer pump for pumping and transferring seawater to the SO X absorption unit 132 .
- the sea water pump 111 from a high sea chest sucking the upper sea water or a low sea chest sucking the lower sea water selectively can supply That is, when the ship is berthing, the high sea chest is used because the upper sea water is cleaner than the lower sea water, and the low sea chest can be used when the ship is sailing because the lower sea water is cleaner than the upper sea water.
- the seawater control valve 112 may be a manually operated diaphragm valve or a solenoid type valve for controlling the flow rate of seawater, but is not limited thereto, and seawater through the seawater injection nozzle 132a according to the amount of exhaust gas. Any type of valve is applicable as long as the injection amount can be adjusted.
- the absorption liquid preparation unit 120 reacts fresh water and NH 3 as shown in the following [Formula 1] to prepare a high-concentration ammonia water (NH 4 OH(aq)), which is a high-concentration CO 2 absorption liquid, to adjust the absorption liquid concentration It is supplied to the absorption tower 130 through (140).
- the absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120 includes a fresh water tank (not shown) for storing fresh water, and a fresh water control valve for supplying fresh water from the fresh water tank to the ammonia water tank 123 ( 121), NH 3 storage 122 for storing high-pressure NH 3 , and NH 3 supplied from the NH 3 storage 122 to the fresh water supplied by the fresh water control valve 121 to produce and store high-concentration ammonia water
- the ammonia water tank 123, the pH sensor 124 for measuring the ammonia water concentration in the ammonia water tank 123, and the ammonia water supply pump 125 for supplying the high concentration ammonia water from the ammonia water tank 123 to the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 can be configured.
- the concentration of ammonia water circulating through the absorption tower 130 and the ammonia regeneration unit 150 changes while the operation is repeated.
- high-concentration ammonia water has a higher partial pressure of NH 3 (g) compared to low-concentration ammonia water at the same temperature, so that NH 3 evaporates more easily at atmospheric pressure, resulting in an increase in loss. Therefore, in order to store high-concentration ammonia water, the solubility is high and the temperature is lowered so that the vapor pressure of NH 3 (g) is lowered, and it must be operated under a pressurized system.
- NH 3 can be stored in a liquid state at -34 ° C. and 8.5 bar, so by using 7 bar compressed air available in the ship, the inside of the ammonia water tank 123 is maintained at a constant pressure, and 50% concentration of ammonia water is obtained. It can be stored in the ammonia water tank (123).
- a safety valve 123a for preventing overpressure of the ammonia water tank 123 may be installed.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10 reacts with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 to cool, and CO 2 of the cooled exhaust gas and the absorption liquid production unit 120 from the A CO 2 removal unit 131 for removing CO 2 is formed by reacting ammonia water as an absorption liquid to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution (NH 4 HCO 3 (aq)) as shown in the following [Formula 2].
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 includes, as shown in FIG. 3 , the ammonia water injection nozzle 131a for downwardly injecting the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 , the CO 2 of the exhaust gas and the absorption liquid A cooling jacket that is formed in multiple stages for each section of the absorption tower filled with the filler 131b and the filler 131b that converts CO 2 into NH 4 HCO 3 (aq) by contact with phosphorus ammonia water to cool the heat generated by the CO 2 absorption reaction (cooling jacket) (not shown), water spray (131c) that collects NH 3 discharged to the outside without reacting with CO 2 , ammonia water that is formed in a curved multi-plate shape and is scattered when sprayed by the ammonia water spray nozzle (131a)
- the mist removing plate 131d for returning the to the filler 131b, the barrier rib 131e formed so that the ammonia water that has passed through the filler 131b does not flow back
- the cooling jacket is cooled to 30° C. to 50° C. where material shearing is the most smooth, and while maintaining the CO 2 absorption rate at a constant level, NH 3 can be prevented from being vaporized and lost.
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 may be considered in various forms to operate within the allowable pressure drop of the exhaust pipe required by the engine specifications while increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and NH 3
- the filler (131b) is composed of a multi-stage distillation column packing designed to have a large contact area per unit volume, and a distillation column packing suitable for the absorption process as illustrated in FIG. 8 in consideration of the contact area per unit area and the pressure drop and overflow rate of gas can be selected, and as illustrated in FIG. 9 , the ammonia water injection nozzle 131a may be configured in a ladder pipe form (a) or a spray form (b).
- ammonia water passes downward through the filler 131b and the exhaust gas passes upward through the filler 131b and comes into contact, so that a solution redistributor (not shown) may be formed between the distillation column packings to prevent a channeling phenomenon.
- mist removal plate (131d) is to be discharged (drain) in the direction of the filler (131b) by its own weight so that the scattered ammonia water is adhered to the curved multi-plate so that the droplets (droplets) become large.
- the marine engine 10 is premised on using LNG or low-sulfur oil as a fuel.
- LNG When used as a fuel, there may be no amount of SOx generated, but the marine engine 10
- the absorption tower 130 may include an SOx absorption unit 132 .
- the SOx absorption unit 132 reacts the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10 with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 to dissolve and remove SOx while cooling, and the CO 2 removal unit 131 is the SOx is cooled by reacting the removed exhaust gas with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, and the cooled exhaust gas and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120 are reacted to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to absorb CO 2 can be removed
- the SOx absorption unit 132 is a section in primary contact with seawater, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 , by spraying the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 downward to dissolve SOx and chute
- an umbrella-type blocking that covers the bulkhead-type exhaust gas inlet pipe 132b or the exhaust gas inlet pipe 132b to prevent backflow of washing water It may include a plate 132c.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas through the seawater injection nozzle (132a) or a separate cooling jacket (not shown) can be cooled to 27°C to 33°C, preferably around 30°C, required by the CO 2 removal unit 131 .
- the porous upper plate 132d in which the flow path through which the exhaust gas is formed is formed in the lower part of the seawater injection nozzle 132a is formed in multiple stages, so that the seawater and the exhaust gas smoothly
- an absorption tower 132e filled with a filler for contacting seawater and exhaust gas is formed under the seawater injection nozzle 132a, respectively, so that seawater is SO X It can also be made to dissolve.
- a compound that forms alkali ions for example, a basic chemical of NaOH or MgO, is introduced into the seawater supplied to the SOx absorption unit 132. It can be configured as a closed loop system. .
- the closed-loop system entails additional basic chemical consumption, but has the advantage of a small amount of circulating seawater, and the open-loop system that discharges dissolved SO X by spraying only seawater to the outboard consumes additional basic chemical Since there are no and simple advantages, in order to maximize these advantages, a hybrid system that combines an open circuit and a closed circuit may be configured.
- SO X is first removed through the SO X absorbing unit 132 and then CO 2 is subsequently removed through the CO 2 removing unit 131 , so that the solubility of SO X is large, so that the compound such as Na 2 SO 3 is first used. It is possible to improve the solubility of CO 2 and the removal efficiency of CO 2 by solving the problem that it is difficult to remove CO 2 until all the dissolution of SO X is achieved.
- the washing water that absorbs SO X by the SO X absorption unit 132 and drains to the discharge unit 170 includes SO 3 ⁇ , SO 4 2 ⁇ , chute, NaSO 3 , NaSO 4 , MgCO 3 , MgSO 4 and Other ionic compounds are also included.
- the absorption tower 130 further includes a NOx absorption unit 133 that absorbs and removes NOx of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10, and removes the NOx from the exhaust gas. It is cooled by reacting with the seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110 and the cooled exhaust gas and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120 are reacted to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- the absorption tower 130 is a NO X absorption unit 133 that absorbs and removes NO X of the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10, and the NO X is removed by reacting the exhaust gas with seawater to cool the SO
- the SO X absorption unit 132 that dissolves and removes X , and the exhaust gas from which SO X is removed and the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid production unit 120 react to convert CO 2 into NH 4 HCO 3 (aq) to CO
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 for removing 2 is stacked in a vertical direction, and NO X and SO X and CO 2 are sequentially absorbed and removed.
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 reacts the exhaust gas from which NO X and SO X have been previously removed and ammonia water to remove it first, so that a side reaction due to NO X and SO X does not occur during the CO 2 removal process, thereby generating impurities can be minimized, so that NH 4 HCO 3 with less impurities can be obtained in the subsequent process.
- the absorption tower 130 is configured to include a CO 2 removal unit 131 , a SO X absorption unit 132 , an NO X absorption unit 133 , and an EGE 134 to be described later, each of which is configured as an individual module. It may be modularized and combined configuration, may be configured to be integrated in the form of a single tower, and the absorption tower 130 itself may be configured to be grouped into a single tower or a plurality of towers.
- the NO X absorption unit 133 is a Selective Catalyst Reactor (SCR), and as shown in FIG. 5 , the first NH 3 injection nozzle 133b from the ammonia regeneration unit 150 through the blower 133a or the compressor. ) to directly supply NH 3 or, when NH 3 is insufficient, the urea water (UREA) of the urea water storage tank 133c is supplied to the second NH 3 injection nozzle 133e through the urea water supply pump 133d. It can also be replaced to compensate for a loss or shortfall.
- SCR Selective Catalyst Reactor
- the absorption tower 130 is formed between the NO X absorption unit 131 and the SO X absorption unit 132 to exchange heat with the waste heat of the marine engine 10 and boiler water (EGE (Exhaust Gas Economizer) 134 ) may further include.
- EGE Exhaust Gas Economizer
- the absorbent liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 adjusts the concentration of the circulating absorbent liquid supplied from the absorbent liquid manufacturing unit 120 to the absorption tower 130 .
- the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 maintains the concentration of ammonia water constant so that the CO 2 absorption performance of the absorption tower 130 is maintained.
- the absorbent liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 mixes the high-concentration ammonia water of the absorbent liquid production unit 120 and the low-concentration ammonia water circulating in the ammonia water circulation line (A) to adjust the concentration of the ammonia water to 12% by mass. It can be designed, but it is not limited thereto and may be changed according to usage conditions.
- the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140 as shown in FIG. 4, a fresh water supply line 141 for supplying fresh water, and a pH sensor 142 for measuring the concentration of ammonia water as an absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower 130 ), the flow rate control valve 143 for controlling the flow rate of the high concentration ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid production unit 120 by the operation of the ammonia water supply pump 125, and the ammonia water concentration by the pH sensor 142, the absorption liquid production unit Mixer 144 for adjusting the concentration of ammonia water by mixing high concentration ammonia water from 120 to increase the concentration or by mixing fresh water from the fresh water supply line 141 to lower the concentration, and NH when mixing by the mixer 144 3 may be composed of a pressure maintenance valve 145 to prevent evaporation.
- the inside of the mixer 144 may be configured in various forms as a pipe or structure in which wings capable of generating a vortex of fluid are disposed in order to smoothly mix, and the pressure maintenance valve 145 is the outlet of the mixer 144 .
- Formed in the NH 3 (g) from the highly concentrated aqueous ammonia by maintaining a high pressure even during mixing can be prevented from being evaporated and lost.
- the ammonia regeneration unit 150 reacts the ammonium salt aqueous solution discharged from the absorption tower 130 with the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution by the following [Formula 3] and [Formula 4] to regenerate NH 3 to the absorption tower Return to (130) to be reused as a CO 2 absorption liquid, and to store or discharge CO 2 in the form of CaCO 3 (s) or MgCO 3 (s), or supply it to the NO X absorber 133 to NH 3 as NO X can be absorbed.
- the ammonia regeneration unit 150 as shown in FIG. 4, a storage tank 151 for storing a divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution (Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 ), an absorption tower 130 ) by stirring the ammonium salt aqueous solution (NH 4 HCO 3 (aq)) and the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution with a stirrer to produce NH 3 (g) and carbonate.
- a storage tank 151 for storing a divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution (Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2
- an absorption tower 130 by stirring the ammonium salt aqueous solution (NH 4 HCO 3 (aq)) and the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution with a stirrer to produce NH 3 (g) and carbonate.
- a filter 153 for separating carbonate by sucking the precipitate, a high-pressure pump 154 for transferring the solution and the precipitate to the filter 153 at high pressure, and the ammonia water (or fresh water) separated by the filter 153 is stored and the absorption liquid
- the ammonia water storage tank 155 supplied to the concentration control unit 140, the ammonia water circulation pump 156 supplied from the ammonia water storage tank 155 to the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140, and the carbonate separated by the filter 153 (CaCO 3 (s) or MgCO 3 (s)) is transferred to a slurry or dryer (not shown) and may be configured as a separate storage tank (not shown) for storing in a solidified state.
- the reaction is continuously performed by the stirrer installed in the mixing tank 152, and a constant temperature can be maintained so that the reaction is smoothly performed.
- the filter 153 sucks the solution and the precipitate from the mixing tank 152 and transports the precipitate of NaHCO 3 and other by-products at high pressure by the high-pressure pump 154 to separate the carbonate and store it in a solid state or overboard. discharge
- a membrane filter suitable for sediment separation by high-pressure fluid transport may be applied.
- ammonia water circulation pump 156 may be configured as a centrifugal pump type pump so that a large amount of ammonia water circulates the ammonia water circulation line (A).
- the steam generator 160 receives a mixture of steam and saturated water that has been heat-exchanged through the EGE 134 to receive a steam drum (not shown).
- the auxiliary boiler 161 for separating steam and supplying it to the steam consuming place
- the boiler water circulating water pump 162 for circulating and supplying boiler water from the auxiliary boiler 161 to the EGE 134, and consumption from the steam consuming place
- a cascade tank 163 for recovering condensed water that is condensed and phase-changed after being condensed
- a supply pump 164 and a control valve for controlling and supplying the amount of boiler water from the cascade tank 163 to the auxiliary boiler 161 Consist of (165), it generates and supplies the steam required for the heating equipment in the ship.
- the amount of heat that can be provided from the exhaust gas is high, so the amount of steam required in the ship can be sufficiently produced through the EGE 134, but if not, the auxiliary boiler 161 itself
- the fuel can also be burned to produce the required steam.
- the discharge unit 170 is, as shown in FIG. 7 , a washing water tank 171 that stores the washing water discharged from the absorption tower 130 , and a transfer pump 172 from the washing water tank 171 to the A water treatment device 173 having a filtering unit that adjusts turbidity to meet the overboard discharge condition of the washing water transported by the vehicle and a neutralizer injection unit for pH adjustment, and a sludge storage tank for separating and storing solid discharges such as chute ( 174), the washing water that passes through the water treatment device 173 and meets the overboard discharge condition is discharged overboard, and the solid discharge such as a chute that does not meet the overboard discharge condition is separately stored in the sludge storage tank 174 can be kept
- NaOH may be exemplified as a neutralizing agent for satisfying the overboard discharge condition, but it is possible to neutralize these acidic or basic properties, respectively, as needed, assuming that the material discharged from the absorption tower 130 is acidic or basic.
- a neutralizing agent may be selected and used.
- the ship according to another embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a ship equipped with the apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the ship mentioned above.
- the concentration of the greenhouse gas absorption liquid is kept constant to prevent the absorption performance decrease of the absorption tower, and the natural evaporation of the high concentration absorption liquid is achieved by applying a pressurization system.
- an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission of a ship includes an exhaust gas cooling unit 110 ′ for cooling exhaust gas discharged from a ship engine 10 ′, a high concentration
- the absorbent liquid production unit 120 ′ which produces and supplies the CO 2 absorption liquid
- the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooling unit 110 ′ react with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120 ′ to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution.
- Absorption liquid concentration for controlling the concentration of the absorption liquid supplied to the absorption tower 130' from the absorption tower 130' and the absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120', in which the CO 2 removal unit 131' for converting and removing the CO 2 is formed.
- Regeneration of ammonia by reacting the ammonium salt aqueous solution discharged from the control unit 140 ′ and the absorption tower 130 ′ with the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution to regenerate NH 3 and return it to the absorption tower 130 ′ to be reused as an absorption solution.
- Including the part 150 ⁇ cooling the exhaust gas with fresh water by a heat exchange method to prevent a decrease in the concentration of the absorbent liquid, and to control the concentration of the absorbent liquid to keep the concentration of the absorbent liquid constant to prevent deterioration of absorption performance make it the gist
- the absorption tower in addition to the CO 2 removal unit, may be configured to selectively include, or include both, a NOx absorption unit or an SOx absorption unit.
- LNG when LNG is used as a fuel for a marine engine, there is no need to install a separate SOx absorber because there is no SOx generation. It may further include an SOx absorption unit capable of simultaneously performing absorption by dissolution of .
- the NOx absorber may determine whether to be provided according to the type of the marine engine and fuel.
- the exhaust gas cooling unit 110' cools the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10', and lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas to facilitate the absorption of CO 2 by the absorption liquid.
- the exhaust gas cooling unit 110 ′ may cool the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10 ′ by a heat exchange method of fresh water, specifically, the exhaust gas exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gas flows.
- Fresh water provided from the inboard cooling system 20' is circulated through the enclosing heat exchange pipe 111 ′, and the exhaust gas can be cooled to a temperature of 27° C. to 33° C. by heat exchange with the fresh water.
- the concentration of the absorbent liquid is lowered due to the input of fresh water, and the greenhouse gas absorption performance is lowered. It is possible to keep the greenhouse gas absorption performance constant.
- the absorbent liquid preparation unit 120 ⁇ reacts with fresh water and NH 3 as shown in the following [Formula 5] to prepare a high-concentration ammonia water (NH 4 OH(aq)), which is a high-concentration CO 2 absorption liquid, and the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140’ ) through the absorption tower 130'.
- the absorbent liquid manufacturing unit 120 ′ is a fresh water tank (not shown) for storing fresh water, and fresh water control for supplying fresh water from the fresh water tank to the ammonia water tank 123 ′. High-concentration by injecting NH 3 supplied from the NH 3 reservoir 122 ′ into the fresh water supplied by the valve 121 ′, the NH 3 reservoir 122 ′ that stores the high-pressure NH 3 , and the fresh water control valve 121 ′.
- Ammonia water tank 123' for producing and storing ammonia water, a pH sensor 124' for measuring the ammonia water concentration in the ammonia water tank 123', and a high concentration from the ammonia water tank 123' to the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140' It may be composed of an ammonia water supply pump 125 ′ for supplying ammonia water.
- the concentration of ammonia water circulating through the absorption tower 130 ′ and the ammonia regeneration unit 150 ′ changes while the operation is repeated. ) to compensate for the lowered ammonia concentration, and to keep it constant at the designed ammonia concentration.
- high-concentration ammonia water has a higher partial pressure of NH 3 (g) compared to low-concentration ammonia water at the same temperature, so that NH 3 evaporates more easily at atmospheric pressure, resulting in an increase in loss. Therefore, in order to store high-concentration ammonia water, the solubility is high and the temperature is lowered so that the vapor pressure of NH 3 (g) is lowered, and it must be operated under a pressurized system.
- NH 3 can be stored in a liquid state at -34°C and 8.5bar, so using 7bar compressed air available on board, the inside of the ammonia water tank 123 ⁇ is maintained at a constant pressure, and ammonia water with a concentration of 50% is maintained. can be stored in the ammonia water tank (123').
- a safety valve 123a ′ for reducing the pressure by exhausting the exhaust to a safety area to prevent overpressure of the ammonia water tank 123 ′ may be installed.
- the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooling unit 110' and the ammonia water (NH 4 OH(aq)), which is the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120', are reacted to form the following [ As shown in Chemical Formula 6], a CO 2 removal unit 131 ⁇ is formed to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution (NH 4 HCO 3 (aq)) to remove CO 2 .
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 ′ is, as shown in FIG. 12 , an ammonia water injection nozzle 131a ′ that sprays the ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140 ′ downwardly, the CO of the exhaust gas.
- ammonia water to convert CO 2 to NH 4 HCO 3 (aq), which is an aqueous ammonium salt solution (131b ⁇ )
- a cooling jacket (not shown) that cools the heat generated by the heat generation, a water spray (131c ⁇ ) that collects NH 3 that is discharged to the outside without reacting with CO 2 , and an ammonia water spray nozzle ( 131a ⁇ ), the mist removing plate 131d ⁇ for returning the ammonia water that is scattered in the direction of the filler 131b ⁇ , and the barrier rib 131e ⁇ formed so that the ammonia water that has passed through the filler (131b ⁇ ) does not flow back to the SO X absorption unit. ), and an umbrella-shaped blocking plate 131f' that covers the exhaust gas inlet hole surrounded by the partition wall 131e'.
- the cooling jacket is cooled to 30° C. to 50° C. where material shearing is the most smooth, and while maintaining the CO 2 absorption rate at a constant level, NH 3 can be prevented from being vaporized and lost.
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 ′ may take various forms to operate within the allowable pressure drop of the exhaust pipe required by engine specifications while increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and NH 3 , for example,
- the filler (131b ⁇ ) is composed of a multi-stage distillation column packing designed to have a large contact area per unit volume, and is distillation suitable for the absorption process as illustrated in FIG. 15 in consideration of the contact area per unit area and the pressure drop and overflow rate of the gas Column packing may be selected, and as illustrated in FIG. 16 , the ammonia water injection nozzle 131a ′ may be configured in a ladder pipe type (a) or a spray type (b).
- ammonia water passes downward through the filler (131b ') and the exhaust gas passes upward through the filler (131b ') and comes into contact, so a solution redistributor (not shown) may be formed between the distillation column packings to prevent channeling phenomenon. there is.
- mist removing plate (131d') is to be discharged (drain) in the direction of the filler (131b') by its own weight so that the scattered ammonia water is adhered to the curved multi-plate so that the droplets become large.
- the ship engine 10' is premised on using LNG or low-sulfur oil as a fuel.
- LNG is used as a fuel, there may be no amount of SOx generated, but the ship engine 10' ), when using low-sulfur oil as a fuel, the absorption tower 130 ′ may include an SOx absorption unit.
- the SOx absorber reacts the exhaust gas discharged from the marine engine 10 ′ with seawater to dissolve and remove SOx while cooling, and the CO 2 remover 131 ′ removes SOx and cools it.
- the SOx absorber reacts the exhaust gas and the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120' to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution, CO 2 can be absorbed and removed.
- the absorption tower 130' further includes a NOx absorption unit 132' that absorbs and removes NOx of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship engine 10', and the NOx is removed.
- the exhaust gas is cooled by the exhaust gas cooling unit 110 ′, and the cooled exhaust gas reacts with the absorption liquid from the absorption liquid production unit 120 ′ to convert CO 2 into an aqueous ammonium salt solution to remove CO 2 .
- the absorption tower 130 ′ includes a NO X absorber 132 ′ that absorbs and removes NO X of the exhaust gas discharged from the ship engine 10 ′, and the exhaust gas and absorbent liquid from which NO X is removed and cooled.
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 ′ which removes CO 2 by reacting the ammonia water supplied from the unit 120 ′ to convert CO 2 into NH 4 HCO 3 (aq), is vertically stacked, so that NO X and CO 2 are sequentially absorbed and removed.
- the CO 2 removal unit 131 ′ removes the ammonia water by reacting the exhaust gas from which NO X has been previously removed, so that side reactions due to NO X do not occur during the CO 2 removal process, thereby minimizing the generation of impurities. In the process, it is possible to obtain NH 4 HCO 3 with less impurities.
- the absorption tower 130 ′ is configured to include a CO 2 removal unit 131 ′, a NO X absorption unit 132 ′, and an EGE 133 ′ to be described later, each of which is composed of individual modules and is modularized and combined. It may be configured, it may be configured to be integrated in the form of a single tower, and the absorption tower 130 ′ itself may be configured to be grouped into a single tower or a plurality of towers.
- the NO X absorption unit 132 ′ is a Selective Catalyst Reactor (SCR), and as shown in FIG. 12 , the first NH 3 injection from the ammonia regeneration unit 150 ′ through the blower 132a ′ or the compressor. Regenerated NH 3 is directly supplied to the nozzle (132b ⁇ ) to absorb NO X , or when NH 3 is insufficient, the urea water (UREA) of the urea water storage tank (132c ⁇ ) is transferred to the urea water supply pump (132d ⁇ ). The second NH 3 may be supplied to the injection nozzle (132e ⁇ ) through the replacement to compensate for the loss or deficiency.
- SCR Selective Catalyst Reactor
- the absorption tower 130 ′ is formed between the NO X absorption unit 131 ′ and the exhaust gas cooling unit 110 ′ to exchange heat with the waste heat of the marine engine 10 ′ and boiler water. ) (133') may be further included.
- the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 ′ is supplied from the absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120 ′ to the absorption tower 130 ′ and adjusts the concentration of the absorption liquid circulating along the absorption liquid circulation line A′.
- the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 ′ when the concentration of ammonia water circulating in the absorption liquid circulation line (A ⁇ ) is low, the generation of (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 of the previous [Formula 6] is reduced to increase the CO 2 emission, and when the concentration is high, excessive CaCO 3 or due to CO 2 absorption Since the MgCO 3 production is increased more than necessary, the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 ′ must maintain the concentration of ammonia water constant so that the CO 2 absorption performance of the absorption tower 130 ′ is continued.
- the absorbent liquid concentration adjusting unit 140' mixes the high-concentration ammonia water of the absorbent liquid manufacturing unit 120' and the low-concentration ammonia water circulating in the absorbent liquid circulation line A' to adjust the concentration of the ammonia water to 12% by mass. It can be designed to adjust the
- the absorption liquid concentration adjusting unit 140 ′ measures the concentration of ammonia water, which is the absorption liquid, which is supplied to the fresh water supply line 141 ′ for supplying fresh water, and the absorption tower 130 ′.
- the flow rate control valve 143 ′ for controlling the flow rate of the high-concentration ammonia water supplied from the absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120 ′ by the operation of the ammonia water supply pump 125 ′, and the pH sensor 142 ′ Mixer (144') that increases the concentration by mixing high-concentration ammonia water from the absorption liquid manufacturing unit 120' or mixes fresh water in the fresh water supply line 141' to lower the concentration, depending on the ammonia water concentration.
- a pressure maintaining valve 145 ′ that prevents evaporation of NH 3 when mixing by the mixer 144 ′.
- the inside of the mixer 144' may be configured in various forms as a pipe or structure in which blades capable of generating a vortex of fluid are disposed to smoothly mix, and the pressure maintenance valve 145' is the mixer 144' ) and maintains a high pressure even during mixing to prevent NH 3 (g) from being evaporated and lost from highly concentrated ammonia water.
- the ammonia regenerating unit 150 ′ reacts the ammonium salt aqueous solution discharged from the absorption tower 130 ′ with the divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution by the following [Formula 7] and [Formula 8] to regenerate NH 3 It returns to the absorption tower 130 ′ to be reused as a CO 2 absorption liquid, and to store or discharge CO 2 in the form of a carbonate of CaCO 3 (s) or MgCO 3 (s), or as mentioned above, the NO X absorption unit (133 ⁇ ) can be supplied to absorb NO X as NH 3 .
- the ammonia regeneration unit 150 ′ includes a storage tank 151 ′ for storing a divalent metal hydroxide aqueous solution (Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 ), an absorption tower.
- An ammonia water storage tank 155' that stores ammonia water (or fresh water) and supplies it to the absorption liquid concentration control unit 140', and an ammonia water circulation pump that supplies it from the ammonia water storage tank 155' to the absorbent liquid concentration control unit 140' ( 156 '), and the carbonate (CaCO 3 (s) or MgCO 3 (s)) separated by the filter 153 ' is transferred to a slurry or dryer (not shown) and stored in a solidified solid state. of a storage tank (not shown).
- the reaction is continuously performed by the stirrer installed in the mixing tank 152 ′, and a constant temperature can be maintained so that the reaction is performed smoothly.
- the filter 153 ′ sucks the solution and precipitate from the mixing tank 152 ′, transports NaHCO 3 and other by-product precipitates at high pressure by the high-pressure pump 154 ′, separates carbonate, and stores it in a solid state. or discharged overboard.
- a membrane filter suitable for sediment separation by high-pressure fluid transfer may be applied.
- ammonia water circulation pump 156 ′ may be configured as a centrifugal pump type pump so that a large amount of ammonia water circulates the ammonia water circulation line (A).
- the steam generator 160 ′ receives a mixture of steam and saturated water heat-exchanged through the EGE 133 ′ to receive a steam drum (not shown).
- the auxiliary boiler (161') that separates the steam by the city) and supplies it to the steam consuming place, and the boiler water circulation water pump (162') that circulates and supplies boiler water from the auxiliary boiler (161') to the EGE (133'); , a cascade tank (163 ') that recovers condensed water that is condensed after being consumed from a steam consuming place and has a changed phase, and supplies by controlling the amount of boiler water from the cascade tank (163 ') to the auxiliary boiler (161') It is composed of a supply pump (164') and a control valve (165') to generate and supply steam required for heating equipment in the ship.
- the amount of heat that can be provided from the exhaust gas is high, so that the required amount of steam in the ship can be sufficiently produced through the EGE (133'), but if not, the auxiliary boiler 161 ⁇ ) It can also burn its own fuel to produce the necessary steam.
- the discharge unit includes a washing water tank for storing the washing water discharged from the absorption tower 130 ′, a filtering unit for adjusting the turbidity to meet the conditions for outboard discharge of the washing water transferred from the washing water tank by a transfer pump, and a pH control It consists of a water treatment device having a neutralizing agent injection unit for Solid discharges such as chute that do not meet the requirements can be separately stored and stored in a sludge storage tank.
- NaOH may be exemplified as a neutralizing agent to satisfy the overboard discharge condition, but it is possible to neutralize these acids or basics, respectively, if necessary, assuming that the material discharged from the absorption tower 130' is acidic or basic.
- a neutralizing agent may be selected and used.
- the ship according to another embodiment of the present invention it is possible to provide a ship equipped with the above-mentioned device for reducing greenhouse gas emission of the ship.
- the concentration of the absorbent liquid is lowered by cooling the exhaust gas with fresh water of the inboard cooling system by the heat exchange method, and thereby the capacity size of the rear end of the filter
- concentration of the absorbent liquid is kept constant to prevent a decrease in the greenhouse gas absorption performance, and by applying a pressurization system, the absorbent liquid loss due to the natural evaporation of the high concentration absorbent liquid is prevented, and IMO greenhouse gas
- it is converted into a material that does not affect the environment and is discharged separately or converted into a useful material and stored, and the greenhouse gas is stored in the form of carbonate that exists in a natural state so that it can be discharged to the sea, and NH 3 Regeneration can minimize consumption of relatively expensive NH 3 .
Abstract
Description
Claims (34)
- 해수를 공급하는 해수 공급부;고농도 CO2 흡수액을 제조하여 공급하는 흡수액 제조부;선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스를 상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급된 해수와 반응시켜 냉각하고, 상기 냉각된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 CO2 제거부가 형성된, 흡수타워;상기 흡수액 제조부로부터 상기 흡수타워로 공급되는 흡수액의 농도를 조절하는 흡수액 농도조절부; 및상기 흡수타워로부터 배출된 상기 암모늄염 수용액을 2가 금속수산화물 수용액과 반응시켜 NH3를 재생하여서 상기 흡수타워로 회귀시켜 흡수액으로 재사용하도록 하는, 암모니아 재생부;를 포함하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 선박 엔진은 LNG 또는 저유황유를 연료로 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 선박 엔진이 저유황유를 연료로 사용하는 경우에,상기 흡수타워는, 상기 선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스를 상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급된 해수와 반응시켜 냉각하면서 SOx를 용해시켜 제거하는 SOx 흡수부를 더 포함하고,상기 CO2 제거부는 상기 SOx가 제거된 배기가스와 상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급된 해수와 반응시켜 냉각하고, 상기 냉각된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워는, 상기 선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스의 NOx를 흡수하여 제거하는 NOx 흡수부를 더 포함하고,상기 CO2 제거부는, 상기 NOx가 제거된 배기가스를 상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급된 해수와 반응시켜 냉각하고 상기 냉각된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워는, 상기 선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스의 NOX를 흡수하여 제거하는 NOX 흡수부와, 상기 NOX가 제거된 배기가스를 상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급된 해수와 반응시켜 냉각하면서 SOX를 용해시켜 제거하는 SOX 흡수부와, 상기 SOX가 제거된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 상기 CO2 제거부가 순차적으로 적층 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 4 항 또는 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 암모니아 재생부는 NH3를 재생하여서, 상기 흡수타워로 회귀시켜 흡수액으로 재사용하도록 하고,상기 NOX 흡수부는 상기 암모니아 재생부로부터 공급되는 NH3로 NOX를 흡수하거나, 요소수를 사용하여 NOX를 흡수하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 3 항 또는 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 해수 공급부는,선외로부터 씨체스트를 통해 해수를 공급받아 상기 SOX 흡수부로 펌핑하는 해수펌프; 및배기가스의 양에 따라 상기 해수펌프로부터 상기 SOX 흡수부로 공급되는 해수의 분사량을 조절하는 해수조절밸브;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 흡수액 제조부는,청수를 저장하는 청수탱크;상기 청수탱크로부터 청수를 공급하는 청수조절밸브;고압의 NH3를 저장하는 NH3저장소;상기 청수조절밸브에 의해 공급되는 청수에 상기 NH3저장소로부터 공급되는 NH3를 분사하여 흡수액인 고농도 암모니아수를 제조하여 저장하는 암모니아수탱크;상기 암모니아수탱크 내의 암모니아수 농도를 측정하는 pH센서; 및상기 암모니아수탱크로부터 상기 흡수액 농도조절부로 암모니아수를 공급하는 암모니아수 공급펌프;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 흡수액 농도조절부는,청수를 공급하는 청수공급라인;상기 흡수타워로 공급되는 흡수액인 암모니아수의 농도를 측정하는 pH센서;상기 흡수액 제조부로부터 공급되는 암모니아수의 유량을 조절하는 유량조절밸브;상기 pH센서에 의한 암모니아수 농도에 따라, 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 고농도 암모니아수를 혼합하여 농도를 높이거나 상기 청수공급라인의 청수를 혼합하여 농도를 낮추어, 암모니아수의 농도를 조절하는 믹서; 및상기 믹서에 의한 혼합시 NH3의 증발을 방지하는 압력유지용 밸브;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 3 항 또는 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 SOX 흡수부는,상기 해수 공급부로부터 공급되는 해수를 하방으로 분사하는 다단의 해수 분사노즐; 및세정수가 역류하지 않도록 하는, 격벽 형태의 배기가스 유입관 또는 상기 배기가스 유입관을 커버하는 우산형태의 차단판;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 해수 분사노즐 하부에, 배기가스가 통과하는 유로가 형성된 다공성 상판이 다단으로 각각 형성되어, 해수와 배기가스가 접촉하도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 10 항에 있어서,상기 해수 분사노즐 하부에, 해수와 배기가스가 접촉하도록 하는 충진재가 채워진 흡수탑이 형성되어, 해수가 SOX를 용해시키도록 하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 CO2 제거부는,상기 흡수액 농도조절부로부터 공급되는 암모니아수를 하방으로 분사하는 암모니아수 분사노즐;CO2와 흡수액인 암모니아수와 접촉시켜 CO2를 NH4HCO3(aq)로 전환시키는 충진재;상기 충진재가 채워진 흡수탑의 구간마다 다단으로 형성되어 CO2제거반응으로 인한 발열을 냉각하는 쿨링재킷;CO2와 반응하지 않고 외부로 배출되는 NH3를 포집하는 워터 스프레이;굴곡진 다판 형태로 형성되어 암모니아수를 상기 충진재 방향으로 회귀시키는 미스트 제거판;암모니아수가 역류하지 않도록 형성된 격벽; 및상기 격벽으로 둘러싸인 배기가스 유입홀을 커버하는 우산형태의 차단판;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 충진재는 단위 부피당 접촉면적이 크도록 설계된 다단의 증류 칼럼 패킹으로 구성되고,상기 증류 칼럼 패킹 사이에 용액 재분배기가 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워는,상기 NOX 흡수부와 상기 SOX 흡수부 사이에 형성되어 상기 선박 엔진의 폐열과 보일러수를 열교환시키는 EGE를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 암모니아 재생부는,상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액를 저장하는 저장탱크;상기 흡수타워로부터 배출된 상기 암모늄염 수용액과 상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액을 교반기에 의해 교반하여 NH3(g)와 탄산염을 생성하는 혼합탱크;상기 혼합탱크로부터 용액 및 침전물을 흡입하여 탄산염을 분리하는 필터;상기 용액 및 침전물을 상기 필터로 고압으로 이송하는 고압펌프; 및상기 필터에 의해 분리된 암모니아수 또는 청수를 저장하고 상기 흡수액 농도조절부로 공급하는 암모니아수 저장탱크;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 저장탱크에 저장된 상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액은 청수와, CaO 또는 MgO를 반응시켜 생성된 Ca(OH)2 또는 Mg(OH)2인 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워로부터 배출되는 세정수를 저장하는 세정수탱크, 상기 세정수탱크로 이송펌프에 의해 이송된 세정수의 선외배출조건을 충족하도록 탁도를 조절하는 필터링유닛과 pH조절을 위한 중화제 주입유닛을 구비하는 수처리장치, 및 고형의 배출물을 분리 저장하는 슬러지저장탱크로 구성되는, 배출부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치를 구비한 선박.
- 선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스를 냉각하는 배기가스 냉각부;고농도 CO2 흡수액을 제조하여 공급하는 흡수액 제조부;상기 배기가스 냉각부에 의해 냉각된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 CO2 제거부가 형성된, 흡수타워;상기 흡수액 제조부로부터 상기 흡수타워로 공급되는 흡수액의 농도를 조절하는 흡수액 농도조절부; 및상기 흡수타워로부터 배출된 상기 암모늄염 수용액을 2가 금속수산화물 수용액과 반응시켜 NH3를 재생하여서 상기 흡수타워로 회귀시켜 흡수액으로 재사용하도록 하는, 암모니아 재생부;를 포함하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 선박 엔진은 LNG 또는 저유황유를 연료로 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 배기가스 냉각부는,배기가스 배출관을 감싸는 열교환 배관으로 선내 냉각시스템으로부터 제공되는 청수를 순환시켜 배기가스를 27℃ 내지 33℃의 온도로 냉각하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워는, 상기 선박 엔진으로부터 배출되는 배기가스의 NOx를 흡수하여 제거하는 NOx 흡수부를 더 포함하고,상기 CO2 제거부는 상기 NOx가 제거되고 상기 배기가스 냉각부에 의해 냉각된 배기가스와 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 흡수액을 반응시켜 CO2를 암모늄염 수용액으로 전환하여 CO2를 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 23 항에 있어서,상기 암모니아 재생부는 NH3를 재생하여서, 상기 흡수타워로 회귀시켜 흡수액으로 재사용하도록 하고,상기 NOX 흡수부는 상기 암모니아 재생부로부터 공급되는 NH3로 NOX를 흡수하거나, 요소수를 사용하여 NOX를 흡수하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 흡수액 제조부는,청수를 저장하는 청수탱크;상기 청수탱크로부터 청수를 공급하는 청수조절밸브;고압의 NH3를 저장하는 NH3저장소;상기 청수조절밸브에 의해 공급되는 청수에 상기 NH3저장소로부터 공급되는 NH3를 분사하여 흡수액인 고농도 암모니아수를 제조하여 저장하는 암모니아수탱크;상기 암모니아수탱크 내의 암모니아수 농도를 측정하는 pH센서; 및상기 암모니아수탱크로부터 상기 흡수액 농도조절부로 암모니아수를 공급하는 암모니아수 공급펌프;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 25 항에 있어서,상기 암모니아수탱크 내에 일정압력의 압축공기를 주입하여 NH3의 증발손실을 방지하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 흡수액 농도조절부는,청수를 공급하는 청수공급라인;상기 흡수타워로 공급되는 흡수액인 암모니아수의 농도를 측정하는 pH센서;상기 흡수액 제조부로부터 공급되는 암모니아수의 유량을 조절하는 유량조절밸브;상기 pH센서에 의한 암모니아수 농도에 따라, 상기 흡수액 제조부로부터의 고농도 암모니아수를 혼합하여 농도를 높이거나 상기 청수공급라인의 청수를 혼합하여 농도를 낮추어, 암모니아수의 농도를 조절하는 믹서; 및상기 믹서에 의한 혼합시 NH3의 증발을 방지하는 압력유지용 밸브;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 CO2 제거부는,상기 흡수액 농도조절부로부터 공급되는 암모니아수를 하방으로 분사하는 암모니아수 분사노즐;CO2와 흡수액인 암모니아수와 접촉시켜 CO2를 NH4HCO3(aq)로 전환시키는 충진재;상기 충진재가 채워진 흡수탑의 구간마다 다단으로 형성되어 CO2제거반응으로 인한 발열을 냉각하는 쿨링재킷;CO2와 반응하지 않고 외부로 배출되는 NH3를 포집하는 워터 스프레이;굴곡진 다판 형태로 형성되어 암모니아수를 상기 충진재 방향으로 회귀시키는 미스트 제거판;암모니아수가 역류하지 않도록 형성된 격벽; 및상기 격벽으로 둘러싸인 배기가스 유입홀을 커버하는 우산형태의 차단판;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 28 항에 있어서,상기 충진재는 단위 부피당 접촉면적이 크도록 설계된 다단의 증류 칼럼 패킹으로 구성되고,상기 증류 칼럼 패킹 사이에 용액 재분배기가 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 23 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워는,상기 NOX 흡수부와 상기 배기가스 냉각부 사이에 형성되어 상기 선박 엔진의 폐열과 보일러수를 열교환시키는 EGE를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 암모니아 재생부는,상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액를 저장하는 저장탱크;상기 흡수타워로부터 배출된 상기 암모늄염 수용액과 상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액을 교반기에 의해 교반하여 NH3(g)와 탄산염을 생성하는 혼합탱크;상기 혼합탱크로부터 용액 및 침전물을 흡입하여 탄산염을 분리하는 필터;상기 용액 및 침전물을 상기 필터로 고압으로 이송하는 고압펌프; 및상기 필터에 의해 분리된 암모니아수 또는 청수를 저장하고 상기 흡수액 농도조절부로 공급하는 암모니아수 저장탱크;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 31 항에 있어서,상기 저장탱크에 저장된 상기 2가 금속수산화물 수용액은 청수와, CaO 또는 MgO를 반응시켜 생성된 Ca(OH)2 또는 Mg(OH)2인 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 흡수타워로부터 배출되는 세정수를 저장하는 세정수탱크, 상기 세정수탱크로 이송펌프에 의해 이송된 세정수의 선외배출조건을 충족하도록 탁도를 조절하는 필터링유닛과 pH조절을 위한 중화제 주입유닛을 구비하는 수처리장치, 및 고형의 배출물을 분리 저장하는 슬러지저장탱크로 구성되는, 배출부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는,선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치.
- 제 20 항 내지 제 33 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 선박의 온실가스 배출 저감장치를 구비한 선박.
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US20230383678A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
EP4230849A1 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
US11852062B2 (en) | 2023-12-26 |
JP2023544056A (ja) | 2023-10-19 |
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