WO2022077968A1 - 基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022077968A1
WO2022077968A1 PCT/CN2021/105245 CN2021105245W WO2022077968A1 WO 2022077968 A1 WO2022077968 A1 WO 2022077968A1 CN 2021105245 W CN2021105245 W CN 2021105245W WO 2022077968 A1 WO2022077968 A1 WO 2022077968A1
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targeted
vsvg
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sars
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熊思东
傅煜轩
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苏州大学
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  • the present invention provides a targeted exosome based on the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which can efficiently and tissue-specifically deliver potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a targeted exosome based on the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, the RBD-VSVG fusion protein is expressed on the targeted exosome, and the RBD-VSVG
  • the fusion protein is the RBD (receptor binding domain) of the S protein (spike protein) of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome type II coronavirus) replacing the extracellular part of VSVG (vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G). area is obtained.
  • amino acid sequence of the RBD-VSVG fusion protein is shown in SEQ ID NO.1.
  • amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is shown in SEQ ID NO.2.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the described targeting exosome, comprising the following steps:
  • step S3 connect the RBD fragment of step S1 with the transmembrane region and the full-length gene fragment of the VSVG in step S2, and connect to the vector to obtain an expression vector;
  • step S3 The expression vector in step S3 is transferred into a host cell, and the cell culture supernatant is collected after culturing, and the targeted exosomes are obtained by separation.
  • the host cells are 293T cells or dendritic cells.
  • the separation includes the following steps: centrifuging the cell culture supernatant at 8000-15000g for 20-40min to take the supernatant, filtering the supernatant through a micron membrane and ultracentrifuging at 80000-120000g for 60-80min, taking the precipitate , the precipitate was resuspended in buffer solution, and then ultracentrifuged at 80,000-120,000g for 60-80min, and the supernatant was removed to obtain the targeted exosomes.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the targeted exosomes in the preparation of drugs for the targeted treatment of COVID-19, the application is to combine the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 functional biological The molecules are transferred into the targeted exosomes to obtain the targeted drug for treating COVID-19.
  • the functional biomolecule is small interfering RNA, antibody or small molecule drug.
  • Figure 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of normal cell exosomes and RBD-labeled exosomes
  • Figure 3 is a graph of nanoparticle analysis of normal cell exosomes and RBD-labeled exosomes
  • Figure 4 shows the immunoprecipitation results of normal cell exosomes and RBD-labeled exosomes
  • FIG. 6 Humanized ACE2 mice were infected with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus with green fluorescent protein GFP by intranasal route. After 24 hours, normal cell exosomes (exo) carrying GFP siRNA were injected into the tail vein. -NC) and RBD-labeled exosomes (exo-RBD), after 48 hours, the GFP fluorescence intensity in mouse lung tissue was detected by tissue immunofluorescence, and it was found that RBD-labeled exosomes carrying GFP siRNA could significantly inhibit the first
  • the expression of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus GFP indicates that RBD-labeled exosomes can be used as effective carriers to carry active antiviral drugs to target SARS-CoV-2 tropic tissues (lungs, etc.), thereby inhibiting the pathogenicity of the virus.

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Abstract

提供了一种基于SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体及其制备方法。该靶向性外泌体上表达RBD-VSVG融合蛋白,该RBD-VSVG融合蛋白为SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白的RBD替换VSVG的胞外区域得到。利用该靶向性外泌体包裹SARS-CoV-2 siRNA,从而实现在组织器官中特异性抑制病毒复制。

Description

基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体及其制备方法,属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
严重急性呼吸系统综合征II型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的病因,死亡率一直处于上升态势,成为全球重大公共健康问题。到目前为止,还没有特异性的药物或疫苗得到正式批准。结构分析和病理观察确认SARS-CoV-2病毒进入组织器官是通过与宿主细胞上的血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE-2)结合,病毒进入细胞取决于特异性识别ACE2的SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白(S)的受体结合域(RBD)。目前认为阻断RBD和ACE2结合是开发疫苗、中和抗体和小分子药物对抗COVID-19的主要潜在策略。
外泌体是由多种细胞类型分泌的天然运输纳米囊泡(约30-100nm)。目前已知外泌体能够将特定的功能性生物分子(如核酸,包括质粒DNA和小干扰RNA、抗体及小分子药物)输送到受体细胞或组织器官,发挥治疗特定疾病的能力。然而,已有研究表明,大多数静脉注射的外泌体被肝脏所吸收代谢,因此,需要通过对外泌体改造,使其具备靶向治疗能力,将外源性治疗药物递送到体内特定的组织或细胞。目前为止,并没有特异性运输治疗COVID-19药物的靶向载体,本项发明通过对外泌体的改造,使其具备靶向SARS-CoV-2嗜性的组织器官,为运输相关特异性抗病毒药物提供靶向载体,实现对SARS-CoV-2感染的 精准治疗。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体,能够高效、组织特异性的递送抗SARS-CoV-2潜在药物。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种基于SARS-CoV-2S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体,所述靶向性外泌体上表达RBD-VSVG融合蛋白,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白为SARS-CoV-2(严重急性呼吸系统综合征II型冠状病毒)S蛋白(刺突蛋白)的RBD(受体结合域)替换VSVG(水泡性口炎病毒糖蛋白G)的胞外区域得到。
进一步地,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
进一步地,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白的氮端设有信号肽。
进一步地,所述的信号肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
本发明的第二个目的是提供所述的靶向性外泌体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、以含有SARS-CoV-2的样本cDNA为模板,PCR扩增获得RBD片段;
S2、体外合成VSVG的跨膜区及胞内区全长基因片段;
S3、将S1步骤的RBD片段和S2步骤的VSVG的跨膜区及胞内区全长基因片段进行连接,并连接到载体上得到表达载体;
S4、将S3步骤的表达载体转入宿主细胞中,培养后收集细胞培养上清,分离得到所述的靶向性外泌体。
进一步地,所述的宿主细胞为293T细胞或树突状细胞。
进一步地,所述的载体是pCMV载体。
进一步地,所述的分离包括如下步骤:将细胞培养上清在8000-15000g离心20-40min取上清液,将上清液经过微米膜过滤后在80000-120000g超速离心60-80min,取沉淀,将沉淀采用缓冲溶液重悬,再在80000-120000g超速离心60-80min,去除上清,得到所述的靶向性外泌体。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述的靶向性外泌体在制备靶向治疗COVID-19的药物中的应用,所述的应用是将特异性抗SARS-CoV-2的功能性生物分子转入到所述的靶向性外泌体中,得到所述的靶向治疗COVID-19的药物。
进一步地,所述的功能性生物分子为小干扰RNA、抗体或小分子药物。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明构建了能够高效、组织特异性的递送抗SARS-CoV-2潜在药物的靶向外泌体;利用靶向外泌体包裹SARS-CoV-2siRNA,从而实现在组织器官中特异性抑制病毒复制。
在小鼠动物模型中,尾静脉注射外泌体包裹SARS-CoV-2siRNA,能够显著抑制小鼠肺组织中的病毒复制量,减轻病毒感染引发的肺炎等症状。
附图说明
图1为利用SARS-CoV-2S蛋白的RBD区域替换水泡性口炎病毒糖蛋白G(VSVG)的细胞示意图;
图2为正常细胞外泌体与RBD标记的外泌体的透射电镜图;
图3为正常细胞外泌体与RBD标记的外泌体的纳米颗粒分析图;
图4为正常细胞外泌体与RBD标记的外泌体的免疫沉淀结果;
图5为正常细胞外泌体与RBD标记的外泌体的靶向富集效果图;
图6为正常细胞外泌体与RBD标记的外泌体携带活性抗病毒药物抑制病毒效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
1、设计RBD的引物(F:5’-ATGTTTCCTAATATTACAAACTTGTGCC-3’,SEQ ID NO.3;R:5’-TTATGCTGGTGCATGTAGAAGTTCA-3’,SEQ ID NO.4),以COVID-19患者咽拭子样本cDNA为模板,运用TaKaRa PCR试剂盒扩增获得RBD完整片段,2%的琼脂糖电泳,Axygen切胶回收试剂盒进行DNA产物纯化;体外合成VSVG跨膜区及胞内区全长DNA,通过T4酶连插入到pCMV载体中,构建成pCMV-VSVG载体,测序验证序列;
2、将步骤1中PCR纯化回收后的RBD基因与pCMV-VSVG载体进行T4酶连,16℃反应过夜,构建成pCMV-RBD-VSVG载体,测序验证;通过载体转化,涂板,挑单克隆,进行扩大培养,并通过Axygen质粒提取试剂盒提取pCMV-RBD-VSVG质粒载体;
图1是利用SARS-CoV-2S蛋白的RBD区域替换水泡性口炎病毒糖蛋白G(VSVG)的胞外区域,形成RBD与VSVG融合载体,转染进入细胞表达后,所产生的外泌体带有RBD-VSVG融合蛋白表达,其中胞外区为RBD蛋白,跨膜区及胞内区为VSVG蛋白的跨膜区及胞内区。CD9和CD63为外泌体特异性标记蛋白。
3、293T细胞铺板(100mm皿),密度约60-70%,将步骤2中的pCMV-RBD-VSVG重组载体通过PEI转染(质粒与PEI质量比为1:3)细胞,6小时后,用无外泌体培养基培养换液,继续培养48小时后,收集细胞培养上清;
4、将收集的上清液首先在10000g,4度离心30分钟,去掉细胞碎片,将离心后的上清液通过0.22微米膜过滤后,在超速离心机(德国Beckman)以 100,000g,4度,离心70分钟,小心去掉上清液,加入适量PBS,将外泌体沉淀吹打悬浮混匀,再以100,000g,4度,70分钟离心,弃上清,用适量的PBS重悬,获得靶向外泌体,通过电镜技术和纳米粒径仪检测外泌体大小;
图2、图3分别通过透射电镜(TEM)和纳米颗粒分析(NTA)所提取的外泌体,与正常细胞分泌的外泌体(exo-NC)对比,RBD标记的外泌体(exo-RBD)在体积大小方面没有显著性差异,说明RBD的标记并没有影响到外泌体正常物理形态和特征。
图4通过外泌体免疫沉淀技术,用偶联RBD抗体的磁珠分别与正常细胞外泌体(exo-NC)和RBD标记的外泌体(exo-RBD)共孵育,通过磁力架分离,western blot结果揭示RBD蛋白是表达在外泌体外膜上。
5、设计针对SARS-CoV-2的siRNA并合成,通过电穿孔仪(Bio-Rad)把针对SARS-CoV-2基因组的特异性干扰RNA(siRNA)电转到所获得的靶向外泌体中,使靶向外泌体包裹siRNA进行运载,使用比例为外泌体:siRNA质量比1:1;在超速离心机(德国Beckman)以100,000g,4度,离心70分钟,去除多余的siRNA后,PBS悬浮外泌体沉淀;
6、以人源化ACE2(SARS-CoV-2特异性受体)小鼠为模型,通过尾静脉注射靶向外泌体,150ug/只,从而实现siRNA靶向递送到SARS-CoV-2嗜性的组织器官,感染病毒复制。
图5:将正常细胞外泌体(exo-NC)和RBD标记的外泌体(exo-RBD)分别通过DiD亲脂性染料标记荧光,通过尾静脉注射后人源化ACE2小鼠,以24h为时间间隔,连续观察96h,结果发现exo-RBD能够显著靶向富集在小鼠肺组织,心脏以及肾组织中,且持续时间不低于96h,而未标记RBD蛋白的正常外泌体exo-NC未在上述组织中富集。
图6:通过滴鼻途径,使人源化ACE2小鼠感染带有绿色荧光蛋白GFP的SARS-CoV-2假病毒,24h后,尾静脉分别注射携带有GFP siRNA的正常细胞 外泌体(exo-NC)和RBD标记的外泌体(exo-RBD),48h后,通过组织免疫荧光检测小鼠肺组织中GFP荧光强度,结果发现携带有GFP siRNA的RBD标记的外泌体能够先显著抑制SARS-CoV-2假病毒GFP的表达,说明RBD标记的外泌体能够作为有效载体,携带活性抗病毒药物靶向SARS-CoV-2嗜性组织(肺等),从而抑制病毒致病性。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Figure PCTCN2021105245-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021105245-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021105245-appb-000003

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白RBD区域的靶向性外泌体,其特征在于,所述的靶向性外泌体上表达RBD-VSVG融合蛋白,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白为SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白的RBD替换VSVG的胞外区域得到。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的靶向性外泌体,其特征在于,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的靶向性外泌体,其特征在于,所述的RBD-VSVG融合蛋白的氮端设有信号肽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的靶向性外泌体,其特征在于,所述的信号肽的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
  5. 一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的靶向性外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    S1、以含有SARS-CoV-2的样本cDNA为模板,PCR扩增获得RBD片段;
    S2、体外合成VSVG的跨膜区及胞内区全长基因片段;
    S3、将S1步骤的RBD片段和S2步骤的VSVG的跨膜区及胞内区全长基因片段连接到载体上得到表达载体;
    S4、将S3步骤的表达载体转入宿主细胞中,培养后收集细胞培养上清,分离得到所述的靶向性外泌体。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞为293T细胞或树突状细胞。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的载体是pCMV载体。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的分离包括如下步 骤:将细胞培养上清在8000-15000g离心20-40min取上清液,将上清液经过微米膜过滤后在80000-120000g超速离心60-80min,取沉淀,将沉淀采用缓冲溶液重悬,再在80000-120000g超速离心60-80min,去除上清,得到所述的外泌体。
  9. 权利要求1-4任一项所述的靶向性外泌体在制备靶向治疗COVID-19的药物中的应用,所述的应用是将特异性抗SARS-CoV-2的功能性生物分子转入到所述的靶向性外泌体中,得到所述的靶向治疗COVID-19的药物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的功能性生物分子为小干扰RNA、抗体或小分子药物。
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