WO2022075787A1 - 신규한 퀴논 유도체 화합물 및 이의 용도 - Google Patents
신규한 퀴논 유도체 화합물 및 이의 용도 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022075787A1 WO2022075787A1 PCT/KR2021/013834 KR2021013834W WO2022075787A1 WO 2022075787 A1 WO2022075787 A1 WO 2022075787A1 KR 2021013834 W KR2021013834 W KR 2021013834W WO 2022075787 A1 WO2022075787 A1 WO 2022075787A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- compound
- alkoxy
- amino
- disease
- Prior art date
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- -1 quinone derivative compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 20
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 17
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel quinone derivative compounds and uses thereof.
- Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that produce energy necessary for cell survival through cellular respiration. Mitochondria are the backbone of energy metabolism in cells, so the dysfunction of mitochondria causes various diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and age-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction.
- IBD inflammatory bowel disease
- UC ulcerative colitis
- CD Crohn's disease
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme that transports electrons, is well known for its role in mediating oxidation-reduction reactions during metabolic processes . turns out to be in control. NAD + levels decrease steadily with aging, which leads to decreased metabolism and increased susceptibility to disease. Therefore, a strategy to increase NAD + can be a new treatment that can improve health, suppress aging, and improve various diseases.
- a method of increasing the concentration and ratio of NAD(P) + a signal transmitter known to have various functions, is, first, a method of controlling the salvage synthesis process, which is a NAD(P) + biosynthesis process, second, NAD(P)H A method of increasing the concentration of NAD(P) + in vivo by activating the gene or protein of an enzyme using as a substrate or coenzyme, third, NAD(P) + or its analogs, derivatives, precursors and prodrugs by supplying NAD from the outside (P) A method of increasing the concentration of + may be considered.
- NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase is called DT-diaphorase, quinone reductase, menadione reductase, vitamin K reductase, or azo-dye reductase, and such NQO exists in two isoforms, that is, NQO1 and NQO2.
- NQO is a flavoprotein, and acts to catalyze two electron reduction and detoxification of quinone or quinone derivatives.
- NQO uses both NADH and NADPH as electron donors. The activity of NQO prevents the formation of highly reactive quinone metabolites, detoxifies benzo(d)pyrene and quinone, and reduces the toxicity of chromium.
- NQO The activity of NQO is present in all tissues, but the activity varies from tissue to tissue. In general, it was confirmed that the expression level of NQO was high in tissues such as cancer cell tissue, liver, stomach, and kidney. NQO gene expression is induced by xenobiotics, antioxidants, oxidizing agents, heavy metals, ultraviolet rays, radiation, and the like. NQO is part of a number of cellular defense mechanisms induced by oxidative stress.
- NQO Associated expression of genes involved in these defense mechanisms, including NQO, play a role in protecting cells against oxidative stress, free radicals and tumorigenesis.
- NQO has very broad substrate specificity, and since quinone compounds having various structures can be used as such substrates, quinone compounds having NQO1 activation action can be widely applied to diseases of mitochondrial dysfunction.
- An object of the present invention is a novel quinone derivative compound or its enantiomer, diastereomer, stereoisomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, prodrug, or pharmaceutically To provide an acceptable salt.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction, comprising a novel quinone derivative compound as an active ingredient.
- the present invention relates to a novel quinone derivative compound represented by the following formula (1), an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a stereoisomer, a racemate, a hydrate, a solvate, a prodrug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, including the same as an active ingredient It provides a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
- A is -CH-, -CH 2 -, -C(O)- or -O-,
- B is -NH-, -O-, -S- or -CH 2 -;
- X 1 is hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkoxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 5 alkoxy C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkyl amino, C 1 -C 6 aminoalkyl or nitro;
- X 2 , X 3 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 hydroxy alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkyl amino, C 1 -C 6 aminoalkyl or nitro;
- X 2 and X 3 may be combined to form a ring, wherein the ring is a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, C 3 -C 10 heteroaryl or C 3 -C 10 Heterocycloalkyl,
- X 4 is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 hydroxy alkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkoxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 5 alkoxy C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkyl amino, C 1 -C 6 aminoalkyl or nitro;
- X 4 And A may be combined to form a ring, wherein the ring is a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 ⁇ C 10 cycloalkyl, C 6 ⁇ C 10 aryl, C 3 ⁇ C 10 heteroaryl or C 3 ⁇ C 10 hetero cycloalkyl,
- R 1 , R 2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 hydroxy alkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 6 alkoxy, C 1 ⁇ C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 ⁇ C 5 alkoxy C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino, C 1 -C 6 alkyl amino, C 1 -C 6 aminoalkyl or nitro;
- n 1 to 10
- the present invention provides a novel quinone derivative compound represented by the following formula (1), an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a stereoisomer, a racemate, a hydrate, a solvate, a prodrug, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an active ingredient thereof It provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases comprising a.
- Y is , or
- A is -CH 2 -, -C(O)- or -O-,
- B is -NH- or -O-
- X 1 is hydrogen, oxygen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino or nitro;
- X 2 , X 3 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, amino or nitro,
- X 2 and X 3 may be combined to form a ring, wherein the ring is C 3 ⁇ C 10 cycloalkyl, C 6 ⁇ C 10 aryl, C 3 ⁇ C 10 heteroaryl or C 3 ⁇ C 10 heterocycloalkyl, ,
- X 4 is independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogen, amino or nitro,
- R 1 , R 2 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen, amino or nitro is,
- n 1 to 10
- the quinone derivative is an enantiomer, diastereomer, stereoisomer, or racemate thereof, and its effect may increase depending on the degree of mixing of the optical isomers.
- the composition provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases, including the quinone derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the compounds of the present invention may exist in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
- the salt an acid value formed by a pharmaceutically acceptable free acid is useful.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to any of the compounds at a concentration having an effective action that is relatively non-toxic and harmless to a patient, and the side effects due to the salt do not reduce the beneficial efficacy of the compound represented by the formula (1). means any organic or inorganic addition salt of
- Acid addition salts are prepared by conventional methods, for example by dissolving the compound in an aqueous solution of an excess of acid and precipitating the salt with a water-miscible organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile. Equal molar amounts of the compound and an acid or alcohol (eg glycol monomethyl ether) in water may be heated, and then the mixture may be evaporated to dryness, or the precipitated salt may be filtered off with suction.
- a water-miscible organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile.
- Equal molar amounts of the compound and an acid or alcohol (eg glycol monomethyl ether) in water may be heated, and then the mixture may be evaporated to dryness, or the precipitated salt may be filtered off with suction.
- organic acids and inorganic acids can be used as free acids, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, tartaric acid, etc. can be used as inorganic acids, and methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, maleic acid as organic acids (maleic acid), succinic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, manderic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid (gluconic acid), galacturonic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, glucuronic acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, carbonic acid, vanillic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc. can be used. , but not limited to these.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt can be prepared using a base.
- the alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt is obtained, for example, by dissolving the compound in an excess alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution, filtering the undissolved compound salt, and then evaporating and drying the filtrate.
- it is pharmaceutically suitable to prepare a sodium, potassium, or calcium salt as the metal salt, but is not limited thereto.
- the corresponding silver salt can be obtained by reacting an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt with a suitable silver salt (eg, silver nitrate).
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention include salts of acidic or basic groups that may be present in the compounds of Formula 1 above.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include sodium, calcium and potassium salts of a hydroxyl group
- other pharmaceutically acceptable salts of an amino group include hydrobromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, phosphate, and hydrogen phosphate.
- halogen refers to fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
- alkyl refers to a single-bonded straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 1-methylpropyl and the like.
- amino means —NH 2 .
- alkoxy refers to an oxygen group to which a single-bonded straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon is bound. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy and the like.
- cycloalkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group of a single cyclic bond.
- cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc. are mentioned.
- aryl refers to an aromatic substituent having at least one ring having a shared pi electron system, for example, phenyl, benzyl, or the like.
- heterocycloalkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group of a single cyclic bond containing one or more heteroatoms such as N, O, or S, and depending on the number and type of heteroatoms included in the ring, and the number of carbon atoms, rollidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and the like.
- heteroaryl refers to an aromatic ring compound containing one or more heteroatoms such as N, O, or S, and pyrrolyl, furanyl, pyridine according to the number and type of heteroatoms included in the ring, and carbon number yl, pyrimidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolyl, and the like.
- haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with a halo group, and halo and alkyl are as described above.
- the quinone derivative may be added in an amount of preferably 0.001 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 40% by weight, and most preferably 0.001 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the total pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated in the form of powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, liquids, aerosols, etc., external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injection solutions according to conventional methods, respectively.
- Carriers, excipients and diluents that may be included in the pharmaceutical composition include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia gum, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil.
- Solid preparations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, etc., and such solid preparations include at least one or more excipients, for example, starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose in the beta-Rapa village of the present invention. Alternatively, it is prepared by mixing lactose, gelatin, and the like. In addition to simple excipients, lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc are also used.
- Liquid formulations for oral use include suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc.
- various excipients such as wetting agents, sweetening agents, fragrances, preservatives, and acidulants are used. may be included.
- Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, freeze-dried preparations, and suppositories.
- Non-aqueous solvents and suspending agents include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable esters such as ethyl oleate.
- witepsol macrogol, tween-61, cacao butter, laurin fat, glycerogelatin, etc. can be used.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will vary depending on the age, sex, and weight of the subject to be treated, the specific disease or pathological condition to be treated, the severity of the disease or pathology, the route of administration, and the judgment of the prescriber. Dosage determination based on these factors is within the level of one of ordinary skill in the art, and generally dosages range from 0.01 mg/kg/day to approximately 500 mg/kg/day. A preferred dosage is 0.1 mg/kg/day to 200 mg/kg/day, and a more preferred dosage is 1 mg/kg/day to 200 mg/kg/day. Administration may be administered once a day, or may be administered in several divided doses. The above dosage does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered to mammals such as mice, livestock, and humans by various routes. Any mode of administration can be envisaged, for example, by oral, rectal or intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrauterine or intracerebrovascular injection and dermal application. Since the pharmaceutical composition containing the quinone derivative of the present invention has almost no toxicity and side effects, it is a drug that can be safely used even when taken for a long period of time for prophylactic purposes.
- the novel quinone derivative of the present invention increases the NAD(P) + /NAD(P)H ratio through in vivo NQO1 activity, activates AMPK, an energy consumption mechanism for changes in the energy environment in cells, and activates mitochondrial energy metabolism.
- the reaction solution is stirred at 80° C. for 10 hours. After cooling the reaction solution, it was quenched with H 2 O (500 mL), and extracted three times with EtOAc (100 mL). Wash the organic layer 3 times with brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrated residue is purified by column chromatography (Petroleumether/EtOAc) to obtain a red solid compound 2-5 (2.80 g, 7.83 mmol, 29.9 % yield).
- mitochondrial dysfunction diseases due to the above causes are mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, MELAS), Leigh syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, LHON ), multiple sclerosis, encephalomyelitis, cranial nerve myositis, polyneuropathies, Reye's syndrome, Friedrich's Ataxia, Alper's disease, stroke ( Stroke), inflammatory bowel disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myopathy, muscle atrophy, myoglobinuria, dystonia, myalgia, decreased exercise tolerance, mental retardation, epilepsy ( Epilepsy), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease may be included therein.
- the efficacy of the test substance on the mitochondrial disease model was evaluated using fusion cells in which mitochondria isolated from MELAS and Leigh patients were replaced with mitochondrial-defective cells (rho0 cells).
- fusion cells in which mitochondria isolated from MELAS and Leigh patients were replaced with mitochondrial-defective cells (rho0 cells).
- rho0 cells mitochondrial-defective cells
- MELAS cybrid, 143B, and Leigh cybrid cell lines were treated with 0.1 ⁇ M of Compound 1 and Compound 4 and incubated for 24 hours, then the amount of intracellular ATP was measured using an ATP detection assay kit (ATPlite 1 step). The amount of ATP was expressed as a percentage (%) compared to the MELAS control and the Leigh control by measuring the degree of luminescence.
- CM-H2DCFDA acetyl aster
- the quinone derivative of the present invention can be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of various mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases or metabolic diseases, including MELAS syndrome, due to its excellent mitochondrial function improvement and antioxidant effect.
- Compound 1 of the present invention 10 g was mixed with 175.9 g of lactose, 180 g of potato starch, and 32 g of colloidal silicic acid, respectively. After adding a 10% gelatin solution to this mixture, it was ground and passed through a 14 mesh sieve. This was dried, and 160 g of potato starch, 50 g of talc and 5 g of magnesium stearate were added thereto, and the resulting mixture was made into tablets.
- 100 g of Compound 1 of the present invention 100 g of corn starch, 100 g of lactose, and 2 g of magnesium stearate were mixed, the above ingredients were mixed according to a conventional capsule preparation method, and filled in a gelatin capsule to prepare a capsule.
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Abstract
본 발명은 새로운 퀴논 유도체를 유효성분으로 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물에 관한 것으로, NQO1 활성을 나타내며, NAD+/NADH 수준을 증가시키는 효과가 있어 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병 또는 대사성 질환의 효과적인 예방과 치료용 조성물을 제공한다.
Description
본 발명은 신규한 퀴논 유도체 화합물 및 이의 용도에 관한 것이다.
미토콘드리아는 세포 호흡을 통하여 세포의 생존에 필요한 에너지를 생산하는 세포내 소기관이다. 미토콘드리아는 세포내 에너지 대사의 중추이므로 미토콘드리아의 기능 이상은 다양한 질병을 유발한다. 알츠하이머병, 파킨슨병, 헌팅턴병과 같이 신경 퇴행성 질병, 만성 폐쇄성 폐 질환 및 연령-관련 심혈관, 대사 질환 등 여러 질병에서 미토콘드리아 기능이상을 동반하고 있다.
미토콘드리아 기능이상을 동반하는 염증질환으로, 염증성 장질환 (inflammatory bowel disease, 이하 IBD)은 궤양성대장염 (ulcerative colitis, UC)과 크론병 (Crohn’s disease, CD)으로 대표되는 원인을 알 수 없는 위장관의 만성 재발성 염증 질환이다. 질병이 진행되는 동안 악화와 호전 상태가 반복되고 나중에는 협착이나 천공과 같은 심각한 합병증이 발생한다. 과거에는 서구에 비해 아시아 국가의 발병률이 상대적으로 낮다고 보고되었지만, 세계적으로 IBD의 유병률은 증가 추세이고 서구보다는 아시아 국가에서의 증가율이 더 높다. IBD는 다른 만성질환과 달리 젊은 연령층에서의 발병 위험이 높은 점을 고려할 때 사회적 및 경제적 관점에서 매우 신중하게 관리될 필요가 있다.
전자를 운반하는 조효소인 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)는 대사과정 중 산화-환원 반응 매개 역할로 잘 알려져 있으며, 최근에는 신호 분자로서 NAD+ 감지 효소를 조절하여 에너지 대사부터 세포 생존까지 수백 가지 핵심 과정을 제어한다고 밝혀지고 있다. NAD+ 수치는 노화에 따라 꾸준히 감소하며 이는 신진 대사의 감소 및 질병에 대한 감수성을 증가시킨다. 따라서 NAD+를 증가시키는 전략은 건강의 증진 및 노화 억제 그리고 다양한 질병을 호전시킬 수 있는 새로운 치료법이 될 수 있다.
이와 같이 다양한 기능을 하는 것으로 알려진 신호전달자인 NAD(P)+의 농도 및 비율을 높이는 방법은, 첫째, NAD(P)+ 생합성 공정인 salvage 합성공정을 조절하는 방법, 둘째, NAD(P)H를 기질 또는 조효소로 사용하는 효소의 유전자 또는 단백질을 활성화시켜 생체 내 NAD(P)+농도를 높이는 방법, 셋째,NAD(P)+또는 그의 유사체,유도체, 전구체와 프로드럭을 외부로부터 공급하여 NAD(P)+의 농도를 높이는 방법 등을 고려할 수 있다.
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase)는 DT-diaphorase, quinone reductase, menadione reductase, vitamin K reductase, 또는 azo-dye reductase 등으로 불리고 있으며, 이러한 NQO는 두 개의 isoform, 즉,NQO1과 NQO2로 존재한다. NQO는 플라보프로테인 (flavoprotein)으로서, 퀴논 또는 퀴논 유도체들의 쌍전자환원 (two electron reduction) 및 무독화를 촉매하는 작용을 한다. NQO은 전자 공여체로 NADH 및 NADPH를 모두 사용한다. NQO의 활성은 반웅성이 매우 큰 퀴논 대사물의 형성을 예방하고, benzo(d)pyrene, quinone을 무독화시키며, 크롬의 독성을 감소시킨다. NQO의 활성은 모든 조직에 존재하지만 활성은 조직에 따라 다르다. 일반적으로 암세포조직, 간, 위, 신장과 같은 조직에서 NQO의 발현량이 높은 것으로 확인되었다ㅡ. NQO의 유전자 발현은 xenobiotics, 항산화제, 산화제,중금속, 자외선, 방사선 등에 의해 유도된다. NQO는 산화적 스트레스에 의해 유도되는 수많은 세포방어기작 증의 일부이다.
NQO을 포함한 이러한 방어기작에 관여하는 유전자들의 연합된 발현은 산화적 스트레스, 유리기 및 종양형성에 대하여 세포를 보호하는 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 NQO은 매우 넓은 기질 특이성을 갖고 있는데,다양한 구조를 갖는 퀴논 화합물이 그러한 기질로서 사용될 수 있으므로 NQO1 활성화 작용을 갖는 퀴논 화합물은 미토콘드리아의 기능 이상 질병에 폭넓게 응용될 수 있다.
본 발명의 목적은 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병에 대한 치료 효과를 나타내는 새로운 퀴논 유도체 화합물 또는 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을 제공하는 것이다.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 신규한 퀴논 유도체 화합물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물을 제공하는 데 있다.
본 발명은 하기 화학식 1의 새로운 퀴논 유도체 화합물, 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물을 제공한다.
[화학식 1]
상기식에서,
A 는 -CH-, -CH2-, -C(O)- 또는 -O- 이며,
B 는 -NH-, -O-, -S- 또는 -CH2- 이며,
X1 은 수소, 산소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,
X2, X3 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,
X2 와 X3 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 치환 또는 비치환의 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,
X4 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,
X4 와 A 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 치환 또는 비치환의 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,
R1, R2 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,
m 은 1~10 에서 선택된 하나의 정수이고,
또한, 본 발명은 하기 화학식 1의 새로운 퀴논 유도체 화합물, 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물을 제공한다.
[화학식 1]
상기식에서,
A 는 -CH2-, -C(O)- 또는 -O- 이며,
B 는 -NH- 또는 -O- 이며,
X1 은 수소, 산소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,
X2, X3 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,
X2 와 X3 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,
X4 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,
R1, R2 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,
m 은 1~10 에서 선택된 하나의 정수이고,
구체적으로 화학식 1의 화합물은,
2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl 5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate (화합물 1)
N-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl)-5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 2)
N-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl)-5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 3)
(R)-N-(1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide(화합물 4)
(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide (화합물 5)
(R)-N-(3-chloro-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 6)
(R)-N-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 7)
(R)-N-(6,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 8)
(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 9) 이다.
상기 퀴논 유도체는 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 또는 라세메이트로서, 광학이성질체의 혼합 정도에 따라 그 효과가 증가할 수 있다.
상기 조성물은 상기 퀴논 유도체 및 약학적으로 허용 가능한 부형제를 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물을 제공한다.
본 발명의 화합물은 약학적으로 허용가능한 염의 형태로 존재할 수 있다. 염으로는 약학적으로 허용가능한 유리산(free acid)에 의해 형성된 산가염이 유용하다. 본 발명의 용어 "약학적으로 허용가능한 염"이란 환자에게 비교적 비독성이고 무해한 유효작용을 갖는 농도로서 이 염에 기인한 부작용이 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물의 이로운 효능을 저하시키지 않는 상기 화합물의 임의의 모든 유기 또는 무기 부가염을 의미한다.
산 부가염은 통상의 방법, 예를 들어 화합물을 과량의 산 수용액에 용해시키고, 이 염을 수혼화성 유기 용매, 예를 들어 메탄올, 에탄올, 아세톤 또는 아세토니트릴을 사용하여 침전시켜서 제조한다. 동 몰량의 화합물 및 물 중의 산 또는 알코올(예, 글리콜 모노메틸에테르)을 가열하고, 이어서 상기 혼합물을 증발시켜 건조시키거나, 또는 석출된 염을 흡인 여과시킬 수 있다.
이때, 유리산으로는 유기산과 무기산을 사용할 수 있으며, 무기산으로는 염산, 인산, 황산, 질산, 주석산 등을 사용할 수 있고 유기산으로는 메탄술폰산, p-톨루엔술폰산, 아세트산, 트리플루오로아세트산, 말레인산 (maleic acid), 숙신산, 옥살산, 벤조산, 타르타르산, 푸마르산 (fumaric acid), 만데르산, 프로피온산 (propionic acid), 구연산 (citric acid), 젖산 (lactic acid), 글리콜산 (glycollic acid), 글루콘산 (gluconic acid), 갈락투론산, 글루탐산, 글루타르산 (glutaric acid), 글루쿠론산 (glucuronic acid), 아스파르트산, 아스코르브산, 카본산, 바닐릭산, 요오드화수소산 (hydroiodic acid) 등을 사용할 수 있으며, 이들에 제한되지 않는다.
또한, 염기를 사용하여 약학적으로 허용가능한 금속염을 만들 수 있다. 알칼리 금속염 또는 알칼리 토금속염은, 예를 들어 화합물을 과량의 알칼리 금속 수산화물 또는 알칼리 토금속 수산화물 용액 중에 용해시키고, 비용해 화합물 염을 여과한 후 여액을 증발, 건조시켜 얻는다. 이때, 금속염으로는 특히 나트륨, 칼륨, 또는 칼슘염을 제조하는 것이 제약상 적합하나 이들에 제한되는 것은 아니다. 또한 이에 대응하는 은염은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토금속 염을 적당한 은염(예, 질산은)과 반응시켜 얻을 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염은, 달리 지시되지 않는 한, 상기 화학식 1의 화합물에 존재할 수 있는 산성 또는 염기성 기의 염을 포함한다. 예를 들어, 약학적으로 허용가능한 염으로는 히드록시기의 나트륨, 칼슘 및 칼륨염 등이 포함될 수 있고, 아미노기의 기타 약학적으로 허용가능한 염으로는 히드로브롬화물, 황산염, 수소 황산염, 인산염, 수소 인산염, 이수소 인산염, 아세테이트, 숙시네이트, 시트레이트, 타르트레이트, 락테이트, 만델레이트, 메탄술포네이트(메실레이트) 및 p-톨루엔술포네이트(토실레이트) 염 등이 있으며, 당업계에 알려진 염의 제조방법을 통하여 제조될 수 있다.
상기 용어 “할로겐”은 플루오르 (F), 염소 (Cl), 브롬 (Br), 요오드 (I)를 의미한다.
상기 용어 “알킬”은 단일결합의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄의 탄화수소기를 의미한다. 예를 들어 메틸, 에틸, 프로필, n-부틸, 이소부틸, tert-부틸, 1-메틸프로필 등이 있다.
상기 용어 “아미노”는 -NH2를 의미한다.
상기 용어 “알콕시”는 단일결합의 직쇄 또는 분지쇄의 포화 탄화수소가 결합된 산소기를 의미한다. 예를 들어 메톡시, 에톡시, 프로폭시, n-부톡시, tert-부톡시, 1-메틸프로폭시 등이 있다.
상기 용어 “시클로알킬”은 고리모양의 단일결합의 포화탄화수소기를 의미한다. 예를 들어 시클로프로필, 시클로부틸, 시클로펜틸, 시클로헥실, 시클로헵틸, 시클로옥틸 등을 들 수 있다.
상기 용어 “아릴”은 공유 파이 전자계를 가지고 있는 적어도 하나의 링을 가지고 있는 방향족치환체를 의미하며, 예를 들어 페닐, 벤질 등이 있다.
상기 용어 “헤테로시클로알킬”은 N, O, 또는 S와 같은 헤테로원자를 하나 이상 포함하는 고리모양의 단일결합의 포화탄화수소기를 말하며, 고리에 포함된 헤테로원자의 수 및 종류, 및 탄소수에 따라 피롤리디닐, 피페리디닐, 피페라지닐, 모르폴리닐, 테트라히드로퓨라닐, 테트라히드로피라닐 등이 있다.
상기 용어 “헤테로아릴”은 N, O, 또는 S와 같은 헤테로원자를 하나 이상 포함하는 방향족 고리화합물을 말하며, 고리에 포함된 헤테로원자의 수 및 종류, 및 탄소수에 따라 피롤일, 퓨란일, 피리딘일, 피리미딘일, 피란일, 피라졸일 등이 있다.
상기 용어 “할로알킬”은 할로기로 치환된 알킬기를 의미하며, 할로 및 알킬은 상기에서 개시된 바와 같다.
상기 퀴논 유도체는 전체 약학 조성물 총 중량에 대하여 바람직하게는 0.001~50중량%, 더 바람직하게는 0.001~40중량%, 가장 바람직하게는 0.001~30중량%로 하여 첨가될 수 있다.
상기 약학적 조성물은, 각각 통상의 방법에 따라 산제, 과립제, 정제, 캡슐제, 현탁액, 에멀젼, 시럽, 액제, 에어로졸 등의 경구형 제형, 외용제, 좌제 및 멸균주사용액의 형태로 제형화하여 사용될 수 있다. 상기 약학적 조성물에 포함될 수 있는 담체, 부형제 및 희석제로는 락토즈, 덱스트로즈, 수크로스, 솔비톨, 만니톨, 자일리톨, 에리스리톨, 말티톨, 전분, 아카시아 고무, 알지네이트, 젤라틴, 칼슘포스페이트, 칼슘 실리케이트, 셀룰로즈, 메틸 셀룰로즈, 미정질 셀룰로즈, 폴리비닐 피롤리돈, 물, 메틸히드록시벤조에이트, 프로필히드록시벤조에이트, 탈크, 마그네슘 스테아레이트 및 광물유를 들 수 있다. 제제화할 경우에는 보통 사용하는 충진제, 증량제, 결합제, 습윤제, 붕해제, 계면활성제, 감미제, 산미제 등의 희석제 또는 부형제를 사용하여 조제된다. 경구투여를 위한 고형제제에는 정제, 환제, 산제, 과립제, 캡슐제 등이 포함되며, 이러한 고형제제는 본 발명의 베타-라파촌에 적어도 하나 이상의 부형제, 예를 들면, 전분, 탄산칼슘, 수크로스 또는 락토즈, 젤라틴 등을 섞어 조제된다. 또한 단순한 부형제 이외에 스테아린산 마그네슘, 탈크 같은 윤활제들도 사용된다. 경구를 위한 액상 제제로는 현탁제, 내용액제, 유제, 시럽제 등이 해당되는데 흔히 사용되는 단순희석제인 물, 리퀴드 파라핀 이외에 여러 가지 부형제, 예를 들면 습윤제, 감미제, 방향제, 보존제, 산미제 등이 포함될 수 있다. 비경구 투여를 위한 제제에는 멸균된 수용액, 비수성용제, 현탁제, 유제, 동결건조제제, 좌제가 포함된다. 비수성용제, 현탁제로는 프로필렌글리콜, 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 올리브 오일과 같은 식물성 기름, 에틸올레이트와 같은 주사 가능한 에스테르 등이 사용될 수 있다. 좌제의 기제로는 위텝솔 (witepsol), 마크로골, 트윈 (tween)-61, 카카오지, 라우린지, 글리세로제라틴 등이 사용될 수 있다.
본 발명의 약학적 조성물의 투여량은 치료받을 대상의 연령, 성별, 체중과, 치료할 특정 질환 또는 병리 상태, 질환 또는 병리 상태의 심각도, 투여 경로 및 처방자의 판단에 따라 달라질 것이다. 이러한 인자에 기초한 투여량 결정은 당업자의 수준 내에 있으며, 일반적으로 투여량은 0.01 ㎎/㎏/일 내지 대략 500 ㎎/㎏/일의 범위이다. 바람직한 투여량은 0.1 ㎎/㎏/일 내지 200 ㎎/㎏/일이며, 더 바람직한 투여량은 1 ㎎/㎏/일 내지 200 ㎎/㎏/일이다. 투여는 하루에 한번 투여할 수도 있고, 수회 나누어 투여할 수도 있다. 상기 투여량은 어떠한 면으로든 본 발명의 범위를 한정하는 것은 아니다.
본 발명의 약학적 조성물은 쥐, 가축, 인간 등의 포유동물에 다양한 경로로 투여될 수 있다. 투여의 모든 방식은 예상될 수 있는데, 예를 들면, 경구, 직장 또는 정맥, 근육, 피하, 자궁 내 경막 또는 뇌혈관 내 주사 및 피부 도포에 의해 투여될 수 있다. 본 발명의 퀴논 유도체를 포함하는 약학적 조성물은 독성 및 부작용이 거의 없으므로 예방 목적으로 장기간 복용시에도 안심하고 사용할 수 있는 약제이다.
본 발명의 신규한 퀴논 유도체는 생체 내 NQO1 활성을 통해 NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H 비율을 높이고, 세포 내 에너지 환경변화에 대한 에너지 소비기전인 AMPK 활성화, 미토콘드리아의 에너지 대사를 활성화시키는 PGC1a 발현 등 장기간 칼로리 제한 (calorie restriction)과 운동 시에 나타나는 유전적 변화를 유도하여 미토콘드리아 활성화로 인한 미토콘드리아 생합성, 지구력 운동성 근섬유로의 변화와 같은 시스템의 개선으로 신체의 활동성 (physical activity)를 높이는 운동모방 치료효과를 가져오므로, 이를 유효성분으로 사용하는 약제는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질환 또는 대사성 질환을 치료 또는 예방하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.
이하 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 그러나 본 발명은 여기서 설명되는 실시예에 한정되지 않고 다른 형태로 구체화될 수도 있다. 오히려, 여기서 소개되는 내용이 철저하고 완전해지고, 당업자에게 본 발명의 사상을 충분히 전달하기 위해 제공하는 것이다.
<실시예 1. 퀴논 유도체 합성 및 물리화학적 특성 확인>
본 발명 화합물 1과 화합물 2의 합성과정은 다음과 같다.
화합물 1. 2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl 5-(
(R)
-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate의 제조
1-1. 화합물 1-2의 제조
화합물 1-1 (100 g, 574 mmol, 1.00 eq)을 Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 700 mL)에 녹인 후, 3,3-dimethylallyl bromide (94.1 g, 631 mmol, 73 mL, 1.10 eq), N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 77.9 g, 603 mmol, 105 mL, 1.05 eq) 와 Potassium iodide (KI, 95.3 g, 574 mmol, 1.00 eq)를 투입한다. 반응물을 질소 분위기 하에 25℃에서 교반한 다음 70℃에서 24 시간 동안 교반한다.
반응물을 냉각시킨 뒤 Water (H2O, 5000 mL)를 투입한 후, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2, 500 mL)으로 3회 추출한다. 추출한 유기층을 10% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 수용액 (200 mL)로 3회 세척한다. 유기층을 Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) 로 건조시키고 감압농축한다. 농축 잔사를 컬럼크로마토그래피 [Petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (EtOAc)]를 통해 정제하여 노란색 고체 화합물 1-2 (70.0 g, 289 mmol, 50.3 % yield)를 얻었다.
1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.99 (br s, 1H), 8.14 - 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.94 - 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.84 - 7.75 (m, 2H), 5.18 - 5.06 (m, 1H), 3.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H).
1-2. 화합물 1-3의 제조
화합물 1-2 (10.0 g, 41.3 mmol, 1.00 eq)를 CH2Cl2 (300 mL)에 녹인 후, meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA, 9.00 g, 44.3 mmol, 85% purity, 1.07 eq)를 투입한다. 반응물을 질소 분위기 하에 25℃에서 12 시간 교반한다. 반응물에 포화 NaHCO3 수용액 (5000 mL)을 첨가하고 0℃에서 10분 동안 교반한 뒤, 반응물을 CH2Cl2 (500 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 반응물을 brine (200 mL)로 2회 세척한 후, Na2SO4로 건조시키고 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 Pre-HPLC (normal phase)로 정제하여 붉은색 고체 화합물 1-3 (5.50 g, 21.3 mmol, 51.6 % yield)을 얻었다.
1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.06 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 - 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.58 - 7.46 (m, 1H), 3.93 (q, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (d, J = 17.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (d, J = 17.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.47 (m, 3H)
1-3. 화합물 1의 제조
화합물 1-3 (2.60 g, 10.1 mmol, 1.00 eq), 5-[(R)-dithiolan-3-yl]pentanoic acid (4.15 g, 20.1 mmol, 2.00 eq)를 CH2Cl2 (100 mL)에 녹인 후 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 61.49 mg, 503.35 umol, 0.05 eq), N.N’-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 4.15 g, 20.1 mmol, 4.07 mL, 2.00 eq)를 넣고 교반한다. 반응물을 질소 분위기 하에 25℃에서 12 시간 동안 교반한다. 반응물을 H2O (300 mL)로 quenching 한 뒤 0℃에서 10분 동안 교반한 후, CH2Cl2 (100 mL)로 2회 추출한다. 유기층을 brine (50 mL)로 2회 세척한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 여과하고, 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 pre-HPLC로 정제하여 노란색 gum의 형태로 화합물 1 (961mg, 2.12 mmol, 47.3 % yield)을 얻는다.
1H NMR: (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.15 - 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.91 - 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.74 - 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.61 - 7.51 (m, 1H), 5.20 - 5.11 (m, 1H), 3.62 - 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.24 - 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.91 - 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.75 - 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.51 - 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.37 - 2.31 (m, 2H), 1.98 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.67 (br d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.53 - 1.47 (m, 4H), 1.47 - 1.43 (m, 4H), 1.36 - 1.29 (m, 1H), 0.92 - 0.82 (m, 1H).
화합물 2.
N
-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl)-5-(
(R)
-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide의 제조
2-1. 화합물 2-2의 제조
Potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK, 79.7 g, 710 mmol, 8.00 eq)를 무수 tert-butanol (t-BuOH, 500 mL)에 녹인 후, 산소 (15 Psi)로 포화시킨 용액에 화합물 2-1 (20.0 g, 88.8 mmol, 1.00 eq)을 t-BuOH (600 mL)에 녹인 용액을 투입하고 교반한다. 반응액을 25℃, 포화 산소 (15 Psi) 분위기 하에서 1 시간 동안 교반한다. 반응액을 0℃로 냉각한 뒤 10% HCl 용액을 투입하여 pH 1-2로 조절한 후, EtOAc (200 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 컬럼크로마토그래피 (Petroleum ether/EtOAc)로 정제하여 노란색 고체 화합물 2-2 (13.0 g, 51.3 mmol, 57.8 % yield)를 얻는다.
2-2. 화합물 2-3의 제조
화합물 2-2 (10.0 g, 39.5 mmol, 1.00 eq)을 DMSO (200 mL)에 녹인 뒤 1-bromo-3-methyl-but-2-ene (6.48 g, 43.4 mmol, 5.02 mL, 1.10 eq)와 DIPEA (5.36 g, 41.4 mmol, 7.23 mL, 1.05 eq), KI (6.56 g, 39.5 mmol, 1.00 eq)를 투입하고 교반한다. 반응물을 70℃에서 12시간 동안 교반한다. 반응물을 냉각한 뒤 H2O (500 mL)를 투입하고 EtOAc (200 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 추출한 유기층을 10% NaHCO3 수용액 (200 mL)으로 3회 세척한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 prep-HPLC로 정제하여 갈색 고체 화합물 2-3 (9.00 g, 28.0 mmol, 70.9 % yield)을 얻는다.
2-3. 화합물 2-4의 제조
화합물 2-3 (9.00 g, 28.0 mmol, 1.00 eq)을 CH2Cl2에 녹인 뒤 0℃에서 H2SO4 (16.4 g, 168 mmol, 8.96 mL, 6.00 eq)을 투입하고 교반한다. 반응액을 25℃에서 3시간 동안 교반한다. 반응액을 냉각한 뒤 H2O (200 mL)를 투입하고 CH2Cl2 (100 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 유기층을 10% NaHCO3 수용액 (100 mL)으로 3회 세척한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조 후 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 컬럼크로마토그래피 (Petroleum ether/EtOAc)로 정제하여 빨간색 고체 화합물 2-4 (8.40 g, 26.1 mmol, 93.3 % yield)를 얻는다.
2-4. 화합물 2-5의 제조
화합물 2-4 (8.40 g, 26.1 mmol, 1.00 eq)와 tert-butyl carbamate (3.06 g, 26.1 mmol, 1.00 eq)를 dioxane (125 mL)에 녹인 후, cessium barbonate (Cs2CO3, 25.5 g, 78.4 mmol, 3.00 eq)와 Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3, 2.40 g, 2.62 mmol, 0.10 eq), Dicyclohexyl[2′,4′,6′-tris(propan-2-yl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl]phosphane (Xphos, 1.25 g, 2.62 mmol, 0.10 eq)를 투입한 뒤 교반한다. 반응액을 80℃에서 10시간 동안 교반한다. 반응액을 냉각 후 H2O (500 mL)로 quenching 한 후, EtOAc (100 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 유기층을 brine (50 mL)으로 3회 세척한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 컬럼크로마토그래피 (Petroleumether/EtOAc)로 정제하여 빨간색 고체 화합물 2-5 (2.80 g, 7.83 mmol, 29.9 % yield)를 얻는다.
2-5. 화합물 2-6의 제조
화합물 2-5 (2.80 g, 7.83 mmol, 1.00 eq)를 CH2Cl2 (30 mL)를 녹인 후, Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 8.93 g, 78.3 mmol, 5.80 mL, 10.0 eq)를 투입 한 후, 반응액을 25℃에서 0.5시간 동안 교반한다. 반응액을 여과 후 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 prep-HPLC로 정제하여 검정색 고체 화합물 2-6 (800 mg, 3.11 mmol, 39.6 % yield)을 얻는다.
2-6. 화합물 2의 제조
화합물 2-6 (600 mg, 2.32 mmol, 1.00 eq), 5-[(R)-dithiolan-3-yl]pentanoic acid (480 mg, 2.32 mmol, 1.00 eq)을 Pyridine (10 mL)에 녹인 후, oxalyl chloride (493 mg, 3.89 mmol, 340 uL, 2.00 eq)을 투입 교반한다. 반응액을 25℃에서 0.5 시간 동안 교반한다. 반응액에 H2O (50 mL)를 투입하여 quenching 시킨 후 CH2Cl2 (30 mL)로 3회 추출한다. 유기층을 brine (30 mL) 3회 세척한 후, Na2SO4로 건조시키고 여과 및 감압 농축한다. 농축 잔사를 prep-HPLC로 정제하여 빨간색 고체 화합물 2 (110 mg, 239 umol, 12.3 % yield)를 얻는다.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.29 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (qd, J = 6.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.21 - 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.31 (m, 5H), 1.91 - 1.75 (m, 3H), 1.71 - 1.51 (m, 4H), 1.44 - 1.35 (m, 8H)
미토콘드리아 막전위 이상으로 인한 팽윤, 활성산소종, 또는 자유 라디칼 등에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 인한 기능이상, 유전적 요인으로 인한 기능이상, 그리고 미토콘드리아의 에너지 생성을 위한 산화적 인산화 기능의 결함으로 인한 질환 등이 포함될 수 있다. 또한, 상기 원인으로 인한 미토콘드리아 기능이상 질병은 미토콘드리아성 뇌근육병증 (Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, MELAS), 리 증후군 (Leigh syndrome), 레버씨 시신경 위축증 (Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, LHON), 다발성경화증 (Multiple sclerosis), 뇌척수염 (Encephalomyelitis), 뇌신경근염, 말초신경변증 (polyneuropathies), 라이증후군 (Reye's syndrome), 프리드리히 보행실조 (Friedrich`s Ataxia), 알퍼 질환 (Alper's disease), 뇌졸중 (Stroke), 염증성 장질환, 듀시엔형 근이영양증 (Duchenne muscular dystrophy), 근육병증 (Myopathy), 근육위축 (Myatrophy), 미오글로빈뇨 (Myoglobinuria), 근육긴장저해, 근육통, 운동내성저하, 정신지체, 간질 (Epilepsy), 알츠하이머 질환 (Alzheimer's disease), 파킨슨 질환 (Parkinson's disease), 헌팅턴 질환 (Huntington's disease)이 이에 포함될 수 있다.
<실험예 1. NQO1 활성 분석>
미토콘드리아 질환 모델에 대한 평가물질의 효력은 MELAS와 Leigh 환자에서 각각 분리한 미토콘드리아를 미토콘드리아 결손 세포 (rho0 cell)에 치환시킨 융합세포를 이용하여 평가하였다. 일차로 평가물질의 NQO1 활성화능을 분석하였으며, 미토콘드리아 기능 이상 시 나타나는 ATP 감소, lactate 중가 및 NAD+/NADH 비율 감소에 대한 평가물질의 효력을 평가하였다.
실험예 1-1. NQ01 활성화능 효과
0.14% BSA가 포함된 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5)에 200 μM NADH, 75 μM cytochrome c, 0.09 ng/ml rhNQO1을 더하고 화합물 1, 4를 농도별로 더하여 30 ℃, 550 nm에서 흡광도를 확인하여 NQO1 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 화합물 1과 화합물 4가 농도의존적으로 NQO1 활성을 높여주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(표 1).
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 NQ01 활성평가 결과
실험예 1-2. 세포내 Lactate 변화량 측정
WT, MELAS cybrid cell line에 화합물 1과 화합물 4를 1 μM 처리하고 24시간 배양한 후, sonicate를 이용하여 세포를 깬 후, 세포 내 lactate를 lactate assay kit (CELLBIOLABS)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, WT 대비해서 MELAS에서 8.3 % Lactate 수치가 증가해 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 화합물 1과 화합물 4를 0.1 μM 처리 시 80.2%, 76.1% 로 lactate 수치가 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 2).
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 세포내 Lactate 변화량 측정
실험예 1-3. 세포내 ATP 변화량 측정
MELAS cybrid 와 143B, Leigh cybrid cell line에 화합물 1과 화합물 4를 0.1 μM로 처리하고 24시간 배양한 후, ATP detection assay kit (ATPlite 1step)을 이용하여 세포내의 ATP 양을 측정하였다. ATP 양은 발광 (luminescence)의 정도를 측정하여 MELAS control과 Leigh control과 비교하여 백분율 (%)로 나타내었다. MELAS cybrid에서 측정한 결과, WT 대비해서 MELAS cybrid에서 ATP가 47.2 % 감소해 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 화합물 1과 화합물 4를 처리 시, 117.7 %, 106.1 %로 ATP 수치가 증가하였으며(표 3), Leigh cybrid 에서는 143B 대비해서 Leigh cybrid에서 ATP가 40.9% 감소되어 있으며 화합물 4 처리시 30.1 % 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 4).
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 MELAS cybrid 내 ATP 변화량 평가 결과
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 Leigh cybrid 내 ATP 변화량 평가 결과
실험예 1-4. 세포내 NAD
+
/NADH 측정
WT, MELAS cybrid 와 143B, Leigh cybrid 세포를 6 well plate에 세포를 분주하여 24 시간 동안 37 ℃, 5% CO2 incubator에서 배양한 후, 화합물 1, 4를 농도별로 처리한 후, 2 hr 반응 후, 세포를 수거하여 NAD/NADH assay kit (BIOMAX)을 이용하여 세포 내 NAD+/NADH ratio를 측정하였다. 수거한 세포를 extraction buffer를 넣고 액체질소에 얼리고 37 ℃에 녹이는 과정을 반복하여 세포를 깨어 세포내 NAD+/NADH를 NAD enzyme 과 NAD(H) probe와 반응시켜 450 nm에서 30분 간격으로 측정해주었다. 그 결과, WT 대비하여 MALAS control에서 NAD+/NADH ratio가 감소되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 화합물 1, 4를 농도별로 처리 시 NAD+/NADH ratio가 확연하게 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 5). Leigh 에서도 동일하게 화합물 4 처리 시, 농도의존적으로 NAD+/NADH ratio가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 6).
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 MELAS cybrid 내 NAD+/NADH ratio 평가 결과
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 Leigh cybrid 내 NAD+/NADH ratio 평가 결과
실험예 1-5. 세포내 ROS 측정
세포 내, ROS 수치를 측정하기 위해 세포막 투과성 염색제인 5-(and 6-)-chloromethyl-2, 7-dichlorodihydroflurescein diacetate, acetyl aster (CM-H2DCFDA)를 5 μM 농도로 첨가하여 37 ℃에서 30 분간 반응시켰다. 30분 후 세포를 세척하고 PBS를 넣고 FACS Calibur 를 이용하여 형광을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 143B 대비하여 Leigh control에서 ROS 수치가 많이 증가해 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 화합물 1 처리시 73.2 %, 화합물 4 처리시, 94.7 %로 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (표 7).
화합물 1과 화합물 4의 세포내 ROS 측정 결과
상기와 같은 결과, 본 발명의 퀴논 유도체는 미토콘드리아 기능 향상 및 항산화효과가 우수하여 MELAS 증후군을 포함한 다양한 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질환 또는 대사성 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적으로 사용 가능한 것을 확인하였다.
<제제 실시예>
제제예 1. 정제의 제조
본 발명의 화합물 1 10 g을 각각 락토오스 175.9 g, 감자전분 180 g 및 콜로이드성 규산 32 g과 혼합하였다. 이 혼합물에 10 % 젤라틴 용액을 첨가시킨 후, 분쇄해서 14 메쉬체를 통과시켰다. 이것을 건조시키고 여기에 감자전분 160 g, 활석 50 g 및 스테아린산 마그네슘 5 g을 첨가해서 얻은 혼합물을 정제로 만들었다.
제제예 2. 캡슐제의 제조
본 발명 화합물 1 100 g, 옥수수전분 100 g, 유당 100 g 및 스테아린산 마그네슘 2 g을 혼합한여 통상의 캡슐제 제조방법에 따라 상기의 성분을 혼합하고 젤라틴 캡슐에 충전하여 캡슐제를 제조하였다.
제제예 3. 주사제의 제조
본 발명 화합물 1 10 ㎎, 주사용 멸균 증류수 적량 및 pH 조절제 적량을 혼합한 후 통상의 주사제의 제조방법에 따라 1 앰플당 (2 ㎖) 상기의 성분 함량으로 제조하였다.
Claims (8)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염.[화학식 1]상기식에서,A 는 -CH-, -CH2-, -C(O)- 또는 -O- 이며,B 는 -NH-, -O-, -S- 또는 -CH2- 이며,X1 은 수소, 산소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,X2, X3 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,X2 와 X3 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 치환 또는 비치환의 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,X4 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,X4 와 A 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 치환 또는 비치환의 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,R1, R2 는 독립적으로 수소, 히드록시, C1~C6 히드록시 알킬, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노, C1~C6 알킬 아미노, C1~C6 아미노알킬 또는 니트로이며,m 은 1~10 에서 선택된 하나의 정수이고,m 은 1~10 에서 선택된 하나의 정수이고,
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염.상기 화학식 1에서,A 는 -CH2-, -C(O)- 또는 -O- 이며,B 는 -NH- 또는 -O- 이며,X1 은 수소, 산소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,X2, X3 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,X2 와 X3 는 결합하여 ring을 형성할 수 있으며, 이때 ring은 C3~C10 시클로알킬, C6~C10 아릴, C3~C10 헤테로아릴 또는 C3~C10 헤테로시클로알킬 이며,X4 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,R1, R2 는 독립적으로 수소, C1~C6 알킬, C1~C6 알콕시, C1~C6 할로알킬, C1~C5 알콕시 C1~C6 알킬, 할로겐, 아미노 또는 니트로이며,m 은 1~10 에서 선택된 하나의 정수이고,
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물은,2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl 5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate (화합물 1)N-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl)-5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 2)N-(2,2-dimethyl-5,6-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-yl)-5-((R)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 3)(R)-N-(1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide(화합물 4)(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide (화합물 5)(R)-N-(3-chloro-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 6)(R)-N-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 7)(R)-N-(6,7-dimethyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 8)(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)pentanamide (화합물 9)로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 화합물, 이의 거울상 이성질체, 부분입체 이성질체, 입체 이성질체, 라세미체, 수화물, 용매화물, 프로드럭, 또는 이들의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 화합물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물;
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병은 미토콘드리아성 뇌근육병증 (Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, MELAS), 리 증후군 (Leigh syndrome), 레버씨 시신경 위축증 (Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, LHON), 다발성경화증 (Multiple sclerosis), 뇌척수염 (Encephalomyelitis), 뇌신경근염, 말초신경변증 (polyneuropathies), 라이증후군 (Reye's syndrome), 프리드리히 보행실조 (Friedrich`s Ataxia), 알퍼 질환 (Alper's disease), 뇌졸중 (Stroke), 염증성 장질환, 듀시엔형 근이영양증 (Duchenne muscular dystrophy), 근육병증 (Myopathy), 근육위축 (Myatrophy), 미오글로빈뇨 (Myoglobinuria), 근육긴장저해, 근육통, 운동내성저하, 정신지체, 간질 (Epilepsy), 알츠하이머 질환 (Alzheimer's disease), 파킨슨 질환 (Parkinson's disease), 헌팅턴 질환 (Huntington's disease)으로 구성된 군으로부터 선택된 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 염증성 장질환은 크론병 또는 궤양성 대장염인 것을 특징을 하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물은 항산화 활성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물은 세포 내 NAD 총량을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 미토콘드리아 기능이상 관련 질병의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물.
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