WO2022067789A1 - 一种电极组件、电池和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种电极组件、电池和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022067789A1
WO2022067789A1 PCT/CN2020/119706 CN2020119706W WO2022067789A1 WO 2022067789 A1 WO2022067789 A1 WO 2022067789A1 CN 2020119706 W CN2020119706 W CN 2020119706W WO 2022067789 A1 WO2022067789 A1 WO 2022067789A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
pole piece
assembly according
expansion
liquid
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PCT/CN2020/119706
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘凯
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to CN202080085524.9A priority Critical patent/CN114982033A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/119706 priority patent/WO2022067789A1/zh
Publication of WO2022067789A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022067789A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to an electrode assembly, a battery, and an electronic device.
  • a battery is a device that converts external energy into electrical energy and stores it inside to supply power to external equipment when needed. It is increasingly used in the fields of consumer electronics, aerospace, energy storage and new energy vehicles. Wide range of applications.
  • the inventor found that there are at least the following problems in the related art: the existing wound-type battery, because the gap between the pole pieces in the bending area of the wound cell is larger than the gap between the pole pieces in the flat area , there is a difference between the battery interface in the bent area and the flat area, which leads to the fact that the battery interface in the bent area is more vulnerable to damage when severe usage occurs, which affects the cycle life of the battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application aim to provide an electrode assembly, a battery and an electronic device with better battery interface consistency and higher battery stability.
  • a technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly is formed by winding a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a separator, wherein the separator is provided with between the first pole piece and the second pole piece;
  • the electrode assembly includes a flat area and a bending area located on both sides of the flat area, an expansion material layer is provided between layers of the bending area, and the expansion material layer contains an expandable material.
  • the swelling material layer is a liquid absorbent swelling tape.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling adhesive paper includes a first substrate and a first adhesive layer disposed on the first substrate, and the first substrate and/or the first adhesive layer comprise absorbent Liquid swelling material.
  • the swellable material includes at least one of polycaprolactam, sodium polyacrylate, and lithium polyacrylate.
  • the weight ratio of the liquid-absorbing swelling material in the first base material is 1/10 ⁇ 1/2;
  • the weight ratio of the liquid-absorbing and swelling material in the first glue layer is 1/10 ⁇ 1/5.
  • the layer of intumescent material is heat intumescent adhesive tape.
  • the heat-expandable adhesive paper includes a second base material and a second glue layer disposed on the second base material, the second base material and/or the second glue layer comprising heat-expandable Material.
  • the thermally expandable material is a polymer material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than (1*10E-4) m/mK.
  • the polymeric material includes at least one of polycaprolactam, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, and cellulose acetate.
  • the weight ratio of the heat-expandable material in the second base material is 1/10 ⁇ 1/2;
  • the weight ratio of the heat-expandable material in the second glue layer is 1/10 ⁇ 1/5.
  • the expansion material layer is a first electrically expansible material layer
  • the first electrically expansible material layer is coated on the first surface of the first pole piece
  • the first electrically expansible material layer comprises Electrically expandable material
  • a second electrically expansible material layer is disposed between layers in the plane region, the second electrically expansible material layer is coated on the first surface of the first pole piece, and the first electrically expansible material is The layer and the second electrically expansible material layer are of an integral structure and include the same electrically expansible material.
  • the first surface is a surface of the first pole piece away from the center of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrically expandable material comprises Si-based material or Sn-based material.
  • the Si-based material or the Sn-based material is a material with a first effect of less than 70%.
  • the thickness of the first electrically swellable material layer is less than 10% of the thickness of the diaphragm of the first pole piece.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, comprising: a casing; and the above-mentioned electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device, including: the above-mentioned battery.
  • an expansion material layer containing an expandable material is arranged between layers in the bending region of the electrode assembly. Due to the expansion of the swellable material, the swellable material layer swells, thereby filling the gap between the pole pieces in the bent region, and improving the consistency of the battery interface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • Figure 2c is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid-absorbing and swelling adhesive paper in an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for preparing an electrode assembly of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of heating and expanding adhesive tape in an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pole piece in an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first pole piece in an embodiment of the electrode assembly of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the battery of the present application.
  • the wound electrode assembly is usually formed by winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and a separator is provided between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • FIG. 1 shows a structure of a wound electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly 100 includes a first pole piece a, a separator b and a second pole piece c, wherein the separator b is arranged on the first pole piece between one pole piece a and the second pole piece c.
  • the first pole piece a, the separator b and the second pole piece c are wound to form a flat area 10 and bending areas 20 located on both sides of the flat area 10 .
  • the first pole piece can be an anode pole piece, and the second pole piece is a cathode pole piece; correspondingly, the first pole piece can be a cathode pole piece, and the second pole piece is an anode pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is an anode pole piece and the second pole piece is a cathode pole piece as an example.
  • the gap between the pole pieces in the bent region 20 is larger than the gap between the pole pieces in the flat region 10
  • the difference of the interface will cause the use window of the bending area to be worse than that of the flat area, and then the battery interface in the bending area will be more easily damaged when bad usage conditions occur, affecting the service life or other performance of the battery.
  • a swellable material layer containing an swellable material is arranged between layers in the bending region (ie, inside the bending region).
  • the swellable material in the swellable material layer can be expanded through a certain induced behavior, thereby filling the gap between the pole pieces in the bending region, so as to improve the consistency of the battery interface.
  • the wound electrode assembly is, for example, a wound lithium ion battery. Except for the wound lithium ion battery, the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to other wound electrode assemblies.
  • the swelling material layer may use liquid-absorbent swelling tape, the liquid-absorbent swelling tape contains a liquid-absorbent swelling material, and the liquid-absorbent swelling material expands after absorbing liquid, generating stress, thereby compressing the material in the bending area.
  • the pole pieces can reduce the gap between the pole pieces.
  • the liquid-absorbing expansion tape can be pasted on any suitable position inside the bending area 20 , for example, on the anode electrode sheet, the separator and/or the cathode electrode sheet inside the bending area 20 .
  • it can be arranged on one or both sides of the anode, diaphragm and/or cathode. When arranged on one side, it can be arranged on the surface facing the center of the electrode assembly, or it can be arranged on the surface facing away from the center of the electrode assembly, and it can be arranged on the surface facing the center of the electrode assembly.
  • the stress generated by the expansion of the expandable material is from the inside to the outside, and the extrusion effect is better.
  • Fig. 2a schematically shows the sticking position of the liquid-absorbing expansion tape, wherein 21a is the negative electrode single film area inside the bending area (in the battery, the negative electrode corresponds to the anode, and the positive electrode corresponds to the cathode), 21b is the positive electrode empty foil area, 21c is the negative electrode empty foil area, and 21d is the positive electrode membrane area.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling tape can be pasted on one or more of the above-mentioned pasting positions.
  • FIG. 2b shows a schematic diagram of the liquid-absorbent swelling tape 21 pasted at the negative electrode single film area 21a
  • FIG. 2c shows a schematic diagram of the liquid-absorbent swelling tape 21 pasted at the positive electrode empty foil area 21b.
  • the liquid-absorbing and swelling adhesive paper includes a first base material 212 and a first glue layer 211 disposed on the first base material 212 , and the liquid-absorbing and swelling material can be added to the first base material 212 can also be added to the first glue layer 211, of course, both the first substrate 212 and the first glue layer 211 can also be added with liquid-absorbing swelling materials.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling material includes at least one of polycaprolactam, sodium polyacrylate and lithium polyacrylate.
  • Polymer materials such as polycaprolactam, sodium polyacrylate and lithium polyacrylate can absorb small molecules of solvent into the crystal structure by utilizing the polyanion properties in the crystal structure.
  • the above-mentioned polymer materials are added to the liquid-absorbing expansion tape.
  • small molecular solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC) can be absorbed by the above-mentioned polymer materials.
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • the above-mentioned polymer materials are stable in acid or alkaline environments, will not have side reactions with the electrolyte, have a stable structure, and exist stably within the battery operating voltage range, and the volume can change significantly after absorbing the liquid; However, when the concentration of solvent molecules in the electrolyte is lower than that in the polymer, the polymer will actively release the solvent molecules, so as to achieve the effect of electrolyte preservation. .
  • the weight ratio of the liquid-absorbing swelling material in the first substrate 212 is preferably 1/10-1/2;
  • the weight ratio of the liquid-absorbing swelling material in the first glue layer is preferably 1/10-1/5.
  • any suitable preparation method can be used to prepare the above-mentioned electrode assembly comprising the liquid-absorbing and swelling adhesive paper, and one of the preparation methods is exemplified below. As shown in Figure 4, the details are as follows:
  • Coat the first material once on the current collector of the first pole piece, coat the second material once on the current collector of the second pole piece, the first pole piece, the diaphragm and the second pole piece are all Include at least one first location.
  • the anode material is coated on the current collector of the anode sheet
  • the cathode material is coated on the current collector of the cathode sheet.
  • the first position is used for disposing the expansion material layer, and the first position can be disposed in the negative electrode single film area 21a, the positive electrode empty foil area 21b, the negative electrode empty foil area 21c or the positive electrode diaphragm area 21d, etc.
  • the flat area and bending area of the wound electrode assembly need to be estimated in advance according to the size of the anode electrode sheet, the separator or the cathode electrode sheet, so that the first position is located in the bending area.
  • Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show several possible positions of the first position.
  • the anode material is such as artificial graphite or natural graphite
  • the cathode material is such as ternary polymer, lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate.
  • the swelling material layer adopts liquid-absorbing swelling tape
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling tape is pasted on one or more first positions.
  • the liquid-absorbing and swelling material can be added to the base material and/or the glue layer of the existing adhesive paper to obtain the liquid-absorbing and swelling adhesive paper.
  • the flat area 10 and the bending area 20 shown in FIG. 1 are formed after the lamination is wound.
  • the surfaces of the anode, separator and cathode in the flat area are not bent to be flat.
  • the surface is bent into a bent face.
  • the first position may cover at least a part of the bending surface, for example, covering the entire curved surface of the bending surface, or covering the central area of the bending surface, or covering any other suitable area of the bending surface.
  • the expansion treatment is to inject the electrolyte into the shell, and after the liquid-absorbing expansion tape absorbs the liquid and inflates, the pressure is applied to the shell in the direction perpendicular to the plane, so that the bulging stress is directed toward the shell.
  • the side is released, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the gap between the pole pieces.
  • the housing can be squeezed by a clamp to apply pressure to the housing.
  • the components are placed into the housing, the electrolyte is injected, and pressure is applied to the housing.
  • heat-expandable adhesive tape may be used for the expansion material layer, and the heat-expandable adhesive tape includes a heat-expandable material, and the heat-expandable material expands after being heated to generate stress, thereby compressing the pole pieces in the bending area, reducing the energy consumption. The space between the small pole pieces.
  • the liquid absorption expansion tape For the pasting position of the heated expansion tape, please refer to the liquid absorption expansion tape, which will not be repeated here.
  • the difference between the two is that the liquid absorption expansion material is replaced by a heated expansion material.
  • the heat-expandable adhesive paper includes a second base material 214 and a second glue layer 213 disposed on the second base material 214, and the heat-expandable material can be added to the second base material 214, It can also be added to the second glue layer 213.
  • the second base material 214 and the second glue layer 213 can also be added with heat-expandable materials.
  • the thermal expansion material may be a polymer material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than (1*10E-4)m/mK.
  • the thermal expansion material may be a polymer material with a thermal expansion coefficient greater than (1*10E-4)m/mK.
  • the above-mentioned polymer materials are stable in an acid or alkaline environment, do not react with the electrolyte, have a stable structure, exist stably within the battery operating voltage range, and can significantly change their volume after heating. After the polymer is heated, the volume expands to squeeze the pole pieces in the bending area and reduce the gap between the pole pieces. When the temperature is lowered, the shape of the heat-expanded adhesive tape is fixed, which can maintain the gap in the bending area without repeating, and the rigid stress after shaping can reduce the risk of battery deformation.
  • the weight ratio of the heat-expandable material in the second base material 214 is preferably maintained at 1/10-1/2; if the heat-expandable material is added to the second base material 214
  • the weight ratio of the heat-expandable material in the second glue layer is preferably 1/10 to 1/5.
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly comprising heat-expandable adhesive tape can also be obtained by the preparation method shown in FIG. 4 , and one of the embodiments will be specifically described below.
  • First coat the anode electrode and cathode electrode once, estimate the first position, select one or more first positions to paste the heating expansion tape, and then stack and roll to form the electrode assembly, and then put the electrode assembly into the
  • the electrolyte is injected.
  • the outer shell is heated and pressure is applied to the outer shell.
  • the heated expansion material in the heated expansion tape is heated and expanded, and the pressure exerted on the outer shell causes the expansion stress to be released to the side of the electrode assembly, so as to reduce the gap in the bending area.
  • the heat-expandable adhesive paper can be obtained by adding a heat-expandable material to the base material and/or the glue layer of the existing adhesive paper.
  • the expansion material layer may use an electrically expansible material layer, and the electrically expansible material layer includes an electrically expansible material, and the electrically expansible material expands after being electrified to generate stress, thereby compressing the pole piece in the bending area, reducing the The space between the small pole pieces.
  • the electrically expansive material may be provided only on the first pole piece in the bending region, that is, as shown in FIG. 6 , only the first electrically expansive material layer 21 in discontinuous arrangement is provided on the first pole piece a.
  • the intermittently arranged first electrified expansion material layer may be formed by intermittently coating electrification expansion material on the first pole piece a.
  • the first electrically expansible material layer may cover at least a part of the bending surface of the first surface of the first pole piece, for example, cover the entire curved surface of the bending surface, or cover the central area of the bending surface.
  • a continuous layer of electrically expansive material may also be provided on the first pole piece a, that is, the first electrically expansive material may be provided on the first pole piece in the bending region layer, a second energized expansion material layer is arranged on the first pole piece of the plane area layer, the first energized expansion material layer and the second energized expansion material layer are integrated in structure, and include the same energized expansion material, the first energized expansion material layer and the second energized expansion material layer to form a complete expansion material layer 21 .
  • the continuously arranged electrically expansible material layer can be formed by continuously coating the electrically expansive material on the first pole piece.
  • the first electrically-expandable material layer or the second electrically-expandable material layer can be arranged on one side or both sides of the first pole piece, and when arranged on one side, it can be arranged on the first surface of the first pole piece, and the first surface is The surface of the first pole piece away from the center of the electrode assembly.
  • the energized expansion material disposed on the first surface can form an outward molecular force when being energized, and the extrusion effect is better compared to the inward molecular force formed on the other surface.
  • the electrified expansion material includes a Si-based or Sn-based material, and the expansion rate of the Si-based or Sn-based material is much larger than that of the graphite material, and a Si-based or Sn-based material with a large expansion rate but poor cycle performance is selected. , which is more conducive to the shape of the battery after the first charge.
  • the Si-based or Sn-based material may be a simple substance of Si and Sn or an alloy thereof.
  • the Si-based or Sn-based material is a material whose first effect is lower than 70%, and the first effect is the ratio of the reversible charge and discharge capacity to the total charge capacity after charging.
  • the first effect of the material can be determined by the crystal structure of the material synthesis process. Doping or cladding is achieved. The lower the first effect, the better the setting, and the selection of materials with lower first effect is more conducive to the setting of the battery after charging.
  • the thickness of the first electrically expansible material layer and the second electrically expansible layer is less than 10% of the thickness of the diaphragm of the first pole piece, and the thickness ranges from 1 to 20 um.
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly containing the electrically expansible material can be obtained by the preparation method shown in FIG. 4 , and one of the embodiments will be specifically described below.
  • the anode and cathode electrodes are coated once.
  • the electrically expansive material is provided in both the bending area and the flat area, the electrically expansive material is directly coated on the first surface of the first pole piece after the primary coating.
  • the electrode assembly is formed by stacking and winding, and then the electrode assembly is put into the casing, and the electrolyte is injected.
  • the electrode assembly is charged, and pressure is applied to the shell during the charging process.
  • the expansion material is heated and expanded, and the pressure exerted on the shell causes the expansion stress to be released to the side of the electrode assembly to reduce the gap in the bending area.
  • the electrode assembly is obtained after degassing.
  • the content of conductive agent and binder in the material for secondary coating should be higher than that of material for primary coating.
  • the ratio of slurry, conductive agent and binder for secondary coating is 90:5:5, and the ratio of slurry, conductive agent and binder for primary coating is 98:1:1.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery.
  • the battery includes a casing 200 and an electrode assembly 100 , wherein the electrode assembly 100 can use the electrode assembly in any of the above embodiments, so as to improve the consistency of the battery interface .
  • the electrode assembly 100 can use the electrode assembly in any of the above embodiments, so as to improve the consistency of the battery interface .
  • the specific structure, composition and effect of the electrode assembly in the embodiment of the present application please refer to the above-mentioned embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device including the above-mentioned battery, the electronic device adopts the above-mentioned battery, and the battery has a longer service life and better battery stability.
  • the electronic devices of the embodiments of the present application exist in various forms, including but not limited to:
  • Mobile communication equipment This type of equipment is characterized by having mobile communication functions, and its main goal is to provide voice and data communication.
  • Such terminals include: smart phones (eg iPhone), multimedia phones, feature phones, and low-end phones.
  • Ultra-mobile personal computer equipment This type of equipment belongs to the category of personal computers, has computing and processing functions, and generally has the characteristics of mobile Internet access.
  • Such terminals include: PDAs, MIDs, and UMPC devices, such as iPads.
  • Portable entertainment equipment This type of equipment can display and play multimedia content.
  • Such devices include: audio and video players (eg iPod), handheld game consoles, e-books, as well as smart toys and portable car navigation devices.
  • the composition of the server includes a processor, a hard disk, a memory, a system bus, etc.
  • the server is similar to a general computer architecture, but due to the need to provide highly reliable services, the processing power, stability , reliability, security, scalability, manageability and other aspects of high requirements.

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Abstract

一种电极组件（100）、电池和电子设备。所述电极组件（100）由第一极片（a）、第二极片（c）和隔膜（b）卷绕而成，其中，所述隔膜（b）设置于所述第一极片（a）和所述第二极片（c）之间；所述电极组件（100）包括平面区域（10）和位于所述平面区域（10）两侧的弯折区域（20），所述弯折区域（20）层间设置有膨胀材料层，所述膨胀材料层包含可膨胀材料。在弯折区域（20）层间设置含可膨胀材料的膨胀材料层，可以通过一定的诱发行为，使膨胀材料层中的可膨胀材料膨胀，从而填充弯折区域（20）极片间的间隙，以提高电池界面的一致性。

Description

一种电极组件、电池和电子设备 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电极组件、电池和电子设备。
背景技术
电池是一种将外界的能量转化为电能并储存于其内部，以在需要的时刻对外部设备进行供电的装置，在消费类电子产品、航天、储能及新能源汽车等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
实现本申请过程中，发明人发现相关技术中至少存在如下问题：现有的卷绕型电池，由于卷绕电芯的弯折区域极片之间的空隙大于平面区域的极片之间的空隙，弯折区域和平面区域的电池界面存在差异，从而导致在恶劣的使用情况发生时、弯折区域的电池界面更易受到损害，影响电池的循环寿命。
发明内容
本申请实施例旨在提供一种电池界面一致性更好、电池稳定性更高的电极组件、电池和电子设备。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种电极组件，所述电极组件由第一极片、第二极片和隔膜卷绕而成，其中，所述隔膜设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间；
所述电极组件包括平面区域和位于所述平面区域两侧的弯折区域，所述弯折区域层间设置有膨胀材料层，所述膨胀材料层包含可膨胀材料。
在一些实施例中，所述膨胀材料层为吸液膨胀胶纸。
在一些实施例中，所述吸液膨胀胶纸包括第一基材和设置于所述第一基材的第一胶水层，所述第一基材和/或所述第一胶水层包含吸液膨胀材料。
在一些实施例中，所述吸液膨胀材料包括聚己内酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和聚丙烯酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，若所述第一基材包括所述吸液膨胀材料，则所述吸液膨胀材料在所述第一基材中的重量比例为1/10～1/2；
若所述第一胶水层包括所述吸液膨胀材料，则所述吸液膨胀材料在所述第一胶水层中的重量比例为1/10～1/5。
在一些实施例中，所述膨胀材料层为加热膨胀胶纸。
在一些实施例中，所述加热膨胀胶纸包括第二基材和设置于所述第二基材的第二胶水层，所述第二基材和/或所述第二胶水层包含加热膨胀材料。
在一些实施例中，所述加热膨胀材料为热膨胀系数大于(1*10E-4)m/mK的聚合物材料。
在一些实施例中，所述聚合物材料包括聚己内酰胺、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯和醋酸纤维素中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，若所述第二基材包括所述加热膨胀材料，则所述加热膨胀材料在所述第二基材中的重量比例为1/10～1/2；
若所述第二胶水层包括所述加热膨胀材料，则所述所述加热膨胀材料在所述第二胶水层中的重量比例为1/10～1/5。
在一些实施例中，所述膨胀材料层为第一通电膨胀材料层，所述第一通电膨胀材料层涂布于所述第一极片的第一表面，所述第一通电膨胀材料层包含通电膨胀材料。
在一些实施例中，所述平面区域层间设置有第二通电膨胀材料层，所述第二通电膨胀材料层涂布于所述第一极片的第一表面，所述第一通电膨胀材料层和所述第二通电膨胀材料层为一体结构、且包括相同的通电膨胀材料。
在一些实施例中，所述第一表面为所述第一极片远离所述电极组件中心的表面。
在一些实施例中，所述通电膨胀材料包含Si基材料或者Sn基材料。
在一些实施例中，所述Si基材料或者所述Sn基材料为首效低于70％ 的材料。
在一些实施例中，所述第一通电膨胀材料层的厚度小于所述第一极片的膜片厚度的10％。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，包括：壳体；上述的电极组件，所述电极组件设置于所述壳体内。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，包括：上述的电池。
本申请实施例在电极组件的弯折区域层间设置含可膨胀材料的膨胀材料层。由于可膨胀材料的膨胀，使膨胀材料层膨胀，从而填充弯折区域极片间的间隙，提高了电池界面的一致性。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是本申请电极组件的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2a是本申请电极组件的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2b是本申请电极组件的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图2c是本申请电极组件的一个实施例的结构示意图；
图3是本申请电极组件的一个实施例中吸液膨胀胶纸的结构示意图；
图4是本申请电极组件的制备方法的一个实施例的流程图；
图5本申请电极组件的一个实施例中加热膨胀胶纸的结构示意图；
图6是本申请电极组件的一个实施例中第一极片的结构示意图；
图7是本申请电极组件的一个实施例中第一极片的结构示意图；
图8是本申请电池的一个实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的 实施例。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被表述“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上、或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。当一个元件被表述“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件、或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。本说明书所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
此外，下面所描述的本申请各个实施例中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
卷绕型电极组件通常由极性相反的第一极片和第二极片卷绕而成，第一极片和第二极片之间设有隔膜。图1示出了卷绕型电极组件的一种结构，在图1所示的结构中，电极组件100包括第一极片a、隔膜b和第二极片c，其中，隔膜b设置于第一极片a和第二极片c之间。第一极片a、隔膜b和第二极片c卷绕之后形成平面区域10和位于平面区域10两侧的弯折区域20。其中，第一极片可以是阳极极片，则第二极片为阴极极片；相应地，第一极片可以是阴极极片，则第二极片为阳极极片。示例性的，以下均以第一极片为阳极极片，第二极片为阴极极片为例说明。
目前的卷绕型电极组件，由于弯折区域20极片之间的空隙大于平面区域10的极片之间的空隙，弯折区域20和平面区域10的电池界面存在差异，在电池循环使用过程中，界面的差异会导致弯折区域的使用窗口差于平面区域，进而在恶劣的使用情况发生时、弯折区域的电池界面更易受到损害，影响电池的使用寿命或者其他性能。
为了提高电池界面的一致性和电池稳定性，本申请实施例在弯折区域层间(即弯折区域内部)设置含可膨胀材料的膨胀材料层。可以通过一定的诱发行为，使膨胀材料层中的可膨胀材料膨胀，从而填充弯折区域极片间的间隙，以提高电池界面的一致性。
其中，卷绕型电极组件例如卷绕型锂离子电芯，除卷绕型锂离子电芯外，本申请实施例提供的方案同样适用于其他卷绕型电极组件。
在其中一些实施例中，膨胀材料层可使用吸液膨胀胶纸，吸液膨胀胶纸包含吸液膨胀材料，吸液膨胀材料吸液后发生膨胀，产生应力，从而挤压弯折区域内的极片，能减小极片之间的空隙。
其中，吸液膨胀胶纸可以黏贴于弯折区域20内部的任意合适位置，例如弯折区域20内部的阳极极片、隔膜和/或阴极极片上。其中，可以设置于阳极极片、隔膜和/或阴极极片的一面或者两面，设置于一面时，可以设置于朝向电极组件中心的面，也可以设置于背离电极组件中心的面，设置于朝向电极组件中心的面时，可膨胀材料膨胀产生的应力由内往外，挤压效果更好。
图2a示意性的示出了吸液膨胀胶纸的粘贴位置，其中，21a为弯折区域内部的负极单面膜区(在电池中负极对应阳极，正极对应阴极)，21b为正极空箔区，21c为负极空箔区，21d为正极膜片区。吸液膨胀胶纸可以粘贴于上述粘贴位置的一处或者多处。图2b示出了吸液膨胀胶纸21粘贴于负极单面膜区21a处的示意图，图2c示出了吸液膨胀胶纸21粘贴于正极空箔区21b处的示意图。
在其中一个实施例中，如图3所示，吸液膨胀胶纸包括第一基材212和设置于第一基材212的第一胶水层211，吸液膨胀材料可以加入第一基材212中，亦可加入第一胶水层211中，当然，第一基材212和第一胶水层211亦可均加入吸液膨胀材料。
具体的，在其中一些实施例中，吸液膨胀材料包括聚己内酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和聚丙烯酸锂中的至少一种。聚己内酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和聚丙烯酸锂等聚合物材料，利用晶体结构内的聚阴离子特性，可以吸收小分子溶剂进晶体结构内部。在吸液膨胀胶纸中加入上述聚合物材料，当注入电解液后，碳酸乙烯酯(EC)等小分子溶剂可以被上述聚合物材料吸收，聚合物吸收液体后体积膨胀，达到挤压弯折区域内的极片、减小极片之间空隙的作用。
上述聚合物材料，在酸或者碱性环境下稳定，不会与电解液发生副反应，结构稳定，在电池工作电压范围内稳定存在，吸收液体后体积能 发生显著变化；而且，由于分子之间的应力，溶剂分子在受到压力时不会反向释放，但是当溶剂分子在电解液中的浓度低于聚合物中的浓度时，聚合物会主动释放溶剂分子，从而达到电解液保液的作用。
在其中一个实施例中，若将吸液膨胀材料加入第一基材212，则吸液膨胀材料在第一基材212中的重量比例保持1/10～1/2为宜；若将吸液膨胀材料加入第一胶水层，则吸液膨胀材料在第一胶水层中的重量比例保持1/10～1/5为宜。
可以采用任何合适的制备方法制备上述包含吸液膨胀胶纸的电极组件，以下举例说明其中一种制备方法。如图4所示，具体如下：
101：在第一极片的集流体上一次涂布第一材料，在第二极片的集流体上一次涂布第二材料，所述第一极片、隔膜和所述第二极片均包括至少一个第一位置。
在阳极极片的集流体上涂布阳极材料，在阴极极片的集流体上涂布阴极材料。第一位置用于设置膨胀材料层，第一位置可以设置于负极单面膜区21a、正极空箔区21b、负极空箔区21c或正极膜片区21d等。需事先根据阳极极片、隔膜或阴极极片的尺寸预估卷绕后的电极组件的平面区域和弯折区域，从而使第一位置位于弯折区域。图2a、图2b和图2c示出了几个第一位置的可能位置。
其中，阳极材料例如人造石墨或天然石墨等，阴极材料例如三元聚合物、钴酸锂或者磷酸铁锂等。
102：在一次涂布后的所述第一极片、隔膜和/或一次涂布后的所述第二极片的至少一个所述第一位置设置膨胀材料层。
在膨胀材料层采用吸液膨胀胶纸的场合，将吸液膨胀胶纸粘贴于一个或者多个第一位置。其中，可以在现有的胶纸的基材和/或胶水层中加入吸液膨胀材料获得吸液膨胀胶纸。
103：依次将所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片层叠设置，形成叠片。
104：将所述叠片卷绕形成电极组件，所述电极组件中的所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片均包括至少一个平面和至少一个弯折面。
将叠片卷绕后形成了图1所示的平面区域10和弯折区域20，阳极极片、隔膜和阴极极片在平面区域内的表面未被弯折为平面，在弯折区域内的表面被弯折成弯折面。第一位置可以至少覆盖弯折面的至少一部分，例如覆盖弯折面的整个曲面，或者覆盖弯折面的中心区域，或者覆盖弯折面的其他任意合适区域。
105：将所述电极组件封装至外壳中。
106：对所述电极组件的膨胀材料层进行膨胀处理，以及对所述电极组件进行加压处理，所述加压处理的压力方向垂直于所述平面。
在膨胀材料层采用吸液膨胀胶纸的场合，膨胀处理为向外壳中注入电解液，吸液膨胀胶纸吸液鼓胀后，沿垂直于所述平面的方向向外壳施加压力，使鼓胀应力向侧边释放，从而达到极片之间空隙减小的目的。其中，可以通过夹具挤压外壳以向外壳施加压力。
即，先对阳极极片和阴极极片进行一次涂布，预估出第一位置，选择一个或多个第一位置粘贴吸液膨胀胶纸，然后层叠、卷绕形成电极组件，再将电极组件放入外壳中、注入电解液，并对外壳施加压力。
在另一些实施例中，膨胀材料层可使用加热膨胀胶纸，加热膨胀胶纸包含加热膨胀材料，加热膨胀材料加热后发生膨胀，产生应力，从而挤压弯折区域内的极片，能减小极片之间的空隙。
加热膨胀胶纸的粘贴位置请参照吸液膨胀胶纸，在此不再赘述，两者不同之处在于，以加热膨胀材料代替吸液膨胀材料。
在其中一个实施例中，如图5所示，加热膨胀胶纸包括第二基材214和设置于第二基材214的第二胶水层213，加热膨胀材料可以加入第二基材214中，亦可加入第二胶水层213中，当然，第二基材214和第二胶水层213亦可均加入加热膨胀材料。
具体的，在其中一些实施例中，加热膨胀材料可采用热膨胀系数大于(1*10E-4)m/mK的聚合物材料。例如，聚己内酰胺、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯和醋酸纤维素中的至少一种。
上述聚合物材料，在酸或者碱性环境下稳定，不会与电解液发生副反应，结构稳定，在电池工作电压范围内稳定存在，加热后体积能发生 显著变化。聚合物加热后体积膨胀，达到挤压弯折区域内的极片、减小极片之间空隙的作用。当温度降低后，加热膨胀胶纸形状定型，能够维持弯折区域的间隙不反复，同时定型后的刚性应力可以减小电池变形的风险。
在其中一个实施例中，若将加热膨胀材料加入第二基材214，则加热膨胀材料在第二基材214中的重量比例保持1/10～1/2为宜；若将加热膨胀材料加入第二胶水层，则加热膨胀材料在第二胶水层中的重量比例保持1/10～1/5为宜。
上述包含加热膨胀胶纸的电极组件，亦可通过图4所示的制备方法获得，以下以其中一个实施例具体说明。先对阳极极片和阴极极片进行一次涂布，预估出第一位置，选择一个或多个第一位置粘贴加热膨胀胶纸，然后层叠、卷绕形成电极组件，再将电极组件放入外壳中，注入电解液。加热外壳并对外壳施加压力，加热时加热膨胀胶纸中的加热膨胀材料受热膨胀，对外壳施加的压力导致膨胀应力向电极组件侧边释放，达到减小弯折区域间隙的作用。其中，可以在现有的胶纸的基材和/或胶水层中加入加热膨胀材料获得加热膨胀胶纸。
在另一些实施例中，膨胀材料层可使用通电膨胀材料层，通电膨胀材料层包含通电膨胀材料，通电膨胀材料通电后发生膨胀，产生应力，从而挤压弯折区域内的极片，能减小极片之间的空隙。
在其中一些实施例中，可以仅在弯折区域的第一极片上设置通电膨胀材料，即如图6所示，仅在第一极片a上设置断续排列的第一通电膨胀材料层21，断续设置的第一通电膨胀材料层，可以通过在第一极片a上间歇涂布通电膨胀材料形成。在本实施例中，第一通电膨胀材料层可以至少覆盖第一极片第一表面的弯折面的至少一部分，例如覆盖弯折面的整个曲面，或者覆盖弯折面的中心区域。
在另一些实施例中，为了方便制备，如图7所示，也可以在第一极片a上设置连续的通电膨胀材料层，即在弯折区域的第一极片上设置第一通电膨胀材料层，在平面区域层的第一极片上设置第二通电膨胀材料层，第一通电膨胀材料层和第二通电膨胀材料层为一体结构、且包括相 同的通电膨胀材料，第一通电膨胀材料层和第二通电膨胀材料层组成完整的膨胀材料层21。连续设置的通电膨胀材料层，可以通过在第一极片连续涂布通电膨胀材料形成。
其中，第一通电膨胀材料层或第二通电膨胀材料层可以设置在第一极片的一面或者两面，设置于一面时，可以设置于第一极片的第一表面，所述第一表面为第一极片远离电极组件中心的表面。设置于第一表面的通电膨胀材料在被通电时可形成向外分子力，相对于设置在另一表面形成向内分子力，挤压效果更好。
具体的，在其中一些实施例中，通电膨胀材料包含Si基或Sn基材料，Si基或Sn基材料的膨胀率远大于石墨材料，选用膨胀率大但是循环性能差的Si基或Sn基材料，更有利于电池在首次充电后定型。其中，Si基或Sn基材料可以是Si和Sn的单质也可以是其合金。
在其中一些实施例中，Si基或者Sn基材料为首效低于70％的材料，首效是充电后可逆充放电量占总充电量的比例，材料的首效可以通过材料合成过程的晶体结构掺杂或包覆实现。首效越低越利于定型，选择首效较低的材料更利于电池充电后定型。
在其中一个实施例中，第一通电膨胀材料层和第二通电膨胀层的厚度小于第一极片的膜片厚度的10％，厚度范围为1～20um。
上述包含通电膨胀材料的电极组件，可通过图4所示的制备方法获得，以下以其中一个实施例具体说明。先对阳极极片和阴极极片进行一次涂布。仅在弯折区域设置通电膨胀材料的场合，先预估出第一极片上第一表面的第一位置，选择一个或多个第一位置间歇的二次涂布通电膨胀材料。在弯折区域和平面区域均设置通电膨胀材料的场合，直接在一次涂布后的第一极片的第一表面二次涂布通电膨胀材料。然后层叠、卷绕形成电极组件，再将电极组件放入外壳中，注入电解液。对电极组件进行充电，并在充电过程中对外壳施加压力，充电时通电膨胀材料受热膨胀，对外壳施加的压力导致膨胀应力向电极组件侧边释放，达到减小弯折区域间隙的作用。充电激活并完成定型后，经过除气处理，即获得电极组件。
其中，由于二次涂布的材料活性低于一次涂布的材料，所以二次涂布的材料中的导电剂含量和粘结剂含量需高于一次涂布的材料。例如，二次涂布的浆料、导电剂和粘结剂比例90：5：5，一次涂布的浆料、导电剂和粘结剂比例为98：1：1。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，如图8所示，电池包括外壳200和电极组件100，其中，电极组件100可以采用上述任一实施例中的电极组件，以改善电池界面的一致性。本申请实施例中电极组件的具体构造、组成和效果，请参照上述实施例，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包括上述电池的电子设备，该电子设备由于采用了上述电池，电池使用寿命更高、电池稳定性更好。本申请实施例的电子设备以多种形式存在，包括但不限于:
(1)移动通信设备:这类设备的特点是具备移动通信功能，并且以提供话音、数据通信为主要目标。这类终端包括:智能手机(例如iPhone)、多媒体手机、功能性手机，以及低端手机等。
(2)超移动个人计算机设备:这类设备属于个人计算机的范畴，有计算和处理功能，一般也具备移动上网特性。这类终端包括:PDA、MID和UMPC设备等，例如iPad。
(3)便携式娱乐设备:这类设备可以显示和播放多媒体内容。该类设备包括:音频、视频播放器(例如iPod)，掌上游戏机，电子书，以及智能玩具和便携式车载导航设备。
(4)服务器:提供计算服务的设备，服务器的构成包括处理器、硬盘、内存、系统总线等，服务器和通用的计算机架构类似，但是由于需要提供高可靠的服务，因此在处理能力、稳定性、可靠性、安全性、可扩展性、可管理性等方面要求较高。
(5)其他可能使用电池的装置。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非 对其限制；在本申请的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本申请的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明，它们没有在细节中提供；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电极组件，所述电极组件由第一极片、第二极片和隔膜卷绕而成，其中，所述隔膜设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间；
    所述电极组件包括平面区域和位于所述平面区域两侧的弯折区域，所述弯折区域层间设置有膨胀材料层，所述膨胀材料层包含可膨胀材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述膨胀材料层为吸液膨胀胶纸。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述吸液膨胀胶纸包括第一基材和设置于所述第一基材的第一胶水层，所述第一基材和/或所述第一胶水层包含吸液膨胀材料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述吸液膨胀材料包括聚己内酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠和聚丙烯酸锂中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电极组件，其特征在于，若所述第一基材包括所述吸液膨胀材料，则所述吸液膨胀材料在所述第一基材中的重量比例为1/10～1/2；
    若所述第一胶水层包括所述吸液膨胀材料，则所述吸液膨胀材料在所述第一胶水层中的重量比例为1/10～1/5。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述膨胀材料层为加热膨胀胶纸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述加热膨胀胶纸包括第二基材和设置于所述第二基材的第二胶水层，所述第二基材和 /或所述第二胶水层包含加热膨胀材料。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述加热膨胀材料为热膨胀系数大于(1*10E-4)m/mK的聚合物材料。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述聚合物材料包括聚己内酰胺、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯和醋酸纤维素中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任意一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，
    若所述第二基材包括所述加热膨胀材料，则所述加热膨胀材料在所述第二基材中的重量比例为1/10～1/2；
    若所述第二胶水层包括所述加热膨胀材料，则所述所述加热膨胀材料在所述第二胶水层中的重量比例为1/10～1/5。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述膨胀材料层为第一通电膨胀材料层，所述第一通电膨胀材料层涂布于所述第一极片的第一表面，所述第一通电膨胀材料层包含通电膨胀材料。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述平面区域层间设置有第二通电膨胀材料层，所述第二通电膨胀材料层涂布于所述第一极片的第一表面，所述第一通电膨胀材料层和所述第二通电膨胀材料层为一体结构、且包括相同的通电膨胀材料。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一表面为所述第一极片远离所述电极组件中心的表面。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任意一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述通电膨胀材料包含Si基材料或者Sn基材料。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述Si基材 料或者所述Sn基材料为首效低于70％的材料。
  16. 根据权利要求11-13任意一项所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一通电膨胀材料层的厚度小于所述第一极片的膜片厚度的10％。
  17. 一种电池，包括：
    壳体；
    权利要求1-16任意一项所述的电极组件，所述电极组件设置于所述壳体内。
  18. 一种电子设备，包括：权利要求17所述的电池。
PCT/CN2020/119706 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 一种电极组件、电池和电子设备 WO2022067789A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1610148A (zh) * 2003-07-15 2005-04-27 索尼株式会社 阳极及采用它的电池
JP2006278182A (ja) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池とその製造方法
CN101356685A (zh) * 2006-02-21 2009-01-28 松下电器产业株式会社 方形扁平二次电池的制造方法
CN202384439U (zh) * 2011-12-29 2012-08-15 宁德新能源科技有限公司 锂离子电池卷绕结构
CN111725569A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-09-29 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 一种卷芯和电池

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1610148A (zh) * 2003-07-15 2005-04-27 索尼株式会社 阳极及采用它的电池
JP2006278182A (ja) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池とその製造方法
CN101356685A (zh) * 2006-02-21 2009-01-28 松下电器产业株式会社 方形扁平二次电池的制造方法
CN202384439U (zh) * 2011-12-29 2012-08-15 宁德新能源科技有限公司 锂离子电池卷绕结构
CN111725569A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-09-29 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 一种卷芯和电池

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