WO2022065436A1 - ドライアイの予防剤,改善剤および治療剤 - Google Patents
ドライアイの予防剤,改善剤および治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022065436A1 WO2022065436A1 PCT/JP2021/035110 JP2021035110W WO2022065436A1 WO 2022065436 A1 WO2022065436 A1 WO 2022065436A1 JP 2021035110 W JP2021035110 W JP 2021035110W WO 2022065436 A1 WO2022065436 A1 WO 2022065436A1
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- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001975 sympathomimetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940064707 sympathomimetics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002636 symptomatic treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004489 tear production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003871 white petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/04—Artificial tears; Irrigation solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tear film stabilizer, a corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic agent, a preventive agent, an ameliorating agent and a therapeutic agent for meibomian gland dysfunction, and a preventive agent, an ameliorating agent and a therapeutic agent for dry eye.
- Dry eye is a disease or symptom that causes dryness, discomfort, and abnormalities in visual function of the eye due to abnormalities in the amount and composition of tears due to various factors, and becomes chronic with damage to the cornea and conjunctiva on the surface of the eye. Is. It is said that people get more than 80% of the information from their eyes, and dry eye, which causes chronic eye symptoms, restricts behavior, leads to decreased motivation, and lowers quality of life (non-).
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 1
- Dry eye is a disease or symptom with a high prevalence.
- VDT visual display terminals
- Non-Patent Document 2 the number of complaints due to aging, contact lens wearing, and long-term computer work, which are risk factors for dry eye, is expected to continue to increase in the future. It is said that the act of continuously looking at the monitor screen makes it easier for tears to dry, causing eye strain and leading to deterioration of visual function called presbyopia in the evening.
- anticancer drugs are thought to affect corneal cells with active cell division, and dry eye is positioned as a frequently seen side effect of many molecular-targeted drugs (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Destruction (destabilization) of the tear film is caused by an abnormality in the tear oil layer, a decrease in the water content of the fluid layer, an abnormality in secretory mucin, or a decrease in the wettability of the epithelium.
- the cause of the destruction of the tear film that causes dry eye is sought from the deficient component on the ocular surface, and dry eye treatment that compensates for it is the mainstream.
- artificial tears, sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution, rebamipide having an action of promoting the secretion of mucin on the ocular surface, sodium diquafosol, and the like are used.
- diquafosol sodium causes eye oil and eye pain
- rebamipide causes dysgeusia as side effects peculiar to the ingredients. It has been reported to occur.
- cyclosporine used for severe dry eye has many side effects, and a safer and more effective therapeutic agent for dry eye is desired.
- the meibomian glands are sebaceous glands that are located in the tarsal plate and have openings at the upper and lower eyelid margins.
- the lipids secreted from the meibomian glands are distributed in the outermost layer of the eyelid margin and tear fluid, and suppress the evaporation of tear fluid, promote tear stability, promote the extension of tear fluid to the ocular surface, and tear fluid at the eyelid margin. It works to suppress the outflow of tears to the skin.
- MGD is used clinically to refer to a condition in which meibomian gland function is abnormal, and is thought to be one of the causes of hyperevaporative dry eye, but its severity is widespread and clinical. Due to the variety of images, there are still many unclear points in the definitions and diagnostic criteria. For these reasons, there are few effective treatments so far.
- dry eye is a chronic eye disease that forms a vicious cycle in which destabilization of the tear film is one of the core mechanisms, and corneal epithelial disorders and meibomian gland dysfunction spread to each other and promote.
- stratified treatment of the ocular surface has been proposed to improve the stability of the tear film and treat dry eye by supplementing the deficient component of the ocular surface, it is not possible to use only an agent effective for some layers. Sufficient and multifaceted effective therapeutic agents for the core mechanism of dry eye are desired.
- apocynin has a tear film stabilizing effect, a corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic effect, and a meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect. Moreover, its action as a dry eye preventive agent, ameliorating agent or a therapeutic agent is not known at all.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a dry eye preventive agent, an improving agent or a therapeutic agent having excellent effects of stabilizing the tear film layer, treating corneal epithelial disorders, and treating meibomian gland dysfunction. And.
- the present inventors have excellent effects of aposinin on lacrimal layer stabilizing effect, corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic effect, meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect, and dry eye preventive agent, improving agent or It was discovered that it is useful as a therapeutic agent, and the present invention was made.
- the present invention provides the following agents.
- a tear film stabilizer containing apocynin A therapeutic agent for corneal epithelial disorders containing apocynin.
- a dry eye preventive agent, improver or therapeutic agent containing apocynin A dry eye preventive agent, improver or therapeutic agent containing apocynin.
- Aspect 6 The agent according to aspect 4 or 5, which is a tear-reducing dry eye preventive agent, an improving agent, or a therapeutic agent.
- Agent Eye fatigue, tired eyes, dry eyes, blurred eyes, eye pain, dazzling eyes, heavy eyes, eye discomfort, eye oil, tears, keratitis, keratitis detachment, due to keratitis. Keratitis, dry eye, tear-reducing dry eye, hyperevaporative dry eye, BUT shortened dry eye, conjunctivitis, chronic superficial keratitis, keratitis, drug-induced keratitis, persistent keratitis, punctate superficial keratitis , Corneal epithelial defect, Conjunctivitis defect, Dry keratitis, Upper ring keratitis, Filamentous keratitis, Infectious keratitis, Non-infectious keratitis, Infectious conjunctivitis, Non-infectious conjunctivitis, Corneal scar associated with keratitis disorder
- the agent according to embodiment 2 which is a prophylactic, ameliorating or therapeutic agent for
- a method for stabilizing the tear film which comprises administering a composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient to a subject in need of treatment.
- a method for treating corneal epithelial disorders which comprises administering a composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient to a subject in need of treatment.
- a method for treating meibomian gland dysfunction which comprises administering a composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient to a subject in need of treatment.
- a method for preventing, ameliorating or treating dry eye which comprises administering a composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient to a subject in need of treatment.
- Aspect 2-5 The method according to any of aspects 2-1 to 2-3 for preventing, ameliorating or treating dry eye.
- Aspect 2-6 Aspects 2-4 or 2-5 for preventing, ameliorating or treating tear-reducing dry eye.
- Aspect 2-7 Aspects 2-4 or 2-5 for preventing, ameliorating or treating hyperevaporative dry eye.
- Aspect 2-8 Aspects 2-4 or 2-5 for preventing, ameliorating or treating BUT shortened dry eye.
- Method. Eye fatigue, eye fatigue, dry eyes, blurred eyes, eye pain, dazzling eyes, heavy eyes, eye discomfort, eye oil, tears, corneal ulcers, corneal epithelial detachment, due to corneal epithelial disorders Cornitis, dry eye, tear-reducing dry eye, hyperevaporative dry eye, BUT shortened dry eye, conjunctivitis, chronic superficial keratitis, keratitis, drug-induced keratopathy, persistent keratopathy, punctate superficial keratopathy , Corneal epithelial defect, Conjunctivitis defect, Dry keratoconjunctivitis, Upper ring keratoconjunctivitis, Filamentous keratoconjunctivitis, Infect
- a pharmaceutical composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient for use in stabilizing the tear film A pharmaceutical composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient for use in the treatment of corneal epithelial disorders.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of dry eye A pharmaceutical composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of dry eye.
- Aspect 3-6 The pharmaceutical composition according to Aspects 3-4 or 3-5 for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of tear-reducing dry eye.
- Aspect 3-7 The pharmaceutical composition according to Aspects 3-4 or 3-5 for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of hyperevaporative dry eye.
- Aspect 3-8 The pharmaceutical composition according to Aspects 3-4 or 3-5 for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of BUT shortened dry eye.
- aspects 3-1 for use in the prevention, amelioration or treatment of diseases or symptoms selected from the group consisting of epithelial disorders, corneal epithelial detachment, corneal epithelial ulcers, corneal ulcers and eye infections.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to description is a group consisting of epithelial disorders, corneal epithelial detachment, corneal epithelial ulcers, corneal ulcers and eye infections.
- the tear layer stabilizing agent, the meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect, and the tear layer stabilizing agent which is useful as a dry eye preventive agent, an improving agent, or a therapeutic agent, and the corneal epithelium are excellent in the tear layer stabilizing effect, the corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic effect, and the meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect.
- a therapeutic agent for disorders and a therapeutic agent for meibomian gland dysfunction can be provided.
- Apocynin is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone and has the following formula.
- Apocynin can be produced by a known method, and a commercially available product can also be used.
- this drug is mixed with other active ingredients and pharmaceutically acceptable additives, and is formulated as an ophthalmic agent containing two or more active ingredients using a general-purpose technique.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable additive to aposinin and to formulate it as an ophthalmic agent containing only aposinin as an active ingredient by using a general-purpose technique.
- this drug is administered locally to the eye.
- the administration form of this drug include eye drop administration (including instillation of eye ointment and eye washing), subconjunctival administration, intraconjunctival administration, and subconjunctival administration, but eye drop administration is particularly preferable.
- the dosage form of this drug is not particularly limited as long as it is used for topical administration to the eye, and examples thereof include eye drops, eye ointments, injections, patches, gels, and inserts, among which eye drops are used. I like it. These can be prepared using ordinary techniques widely used in the art.
- Eye drops are isotonic agents such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, concentrated glycerin; buffering agents such as sodium phosphate, sodium acetate, epsilon-aminocaproic acid; polyoxyetylene sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxy Surface active agents such as ethylene hardened castor oil; Stabilizers such as sodium citrate and sodium edetate; Preservatives such as paraben can be selected and used as needed, and the pH can be adjusted for ophthalmic preparations. It may be within the permissible range, but usually within the range of 4 to 8 is preferable.
- buffering agents such as sodium phosphate, sodium acetate, epsilon-aminocaproic acid
- polyoxyetylene sorbitan monooleate polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxy
- Surface active agents such as ethylene hardened castor oil
- Stabilizers such as sodium citrate and sodium edetate
- Eye ointment can be prepared using general-purpose bases such as white petrolatum and liquid paraffin.
- the agent (composition) of the present invention may contain an appropriate amount of other components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other components include water, oily components, surfactants, preservatives, sugars, buffers, pH regulators, tonicity agents, stabilizers, cooling agents, polyhydric alcohols, thickeners, etc. Be done. These components can be blended individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types as appropriate. The blending amount of water can be the balance of the composition.
- the content of the active ingredient aposinin is, for example, at least 0.00001% (w / v), at least 0.0001% (w / v), and at least 0.001% (w / v) as the lower limit.
- the present invention has an active ingredient content of 0.001% (w / v), 0.003% (w / v), 0.005% (w / v) or 0.01% (w / v), 0.03%.
- W / v 0.1% (w / v) eye drops. Note that "w / v" represents weight / capacity.
- the method for administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be appropriately determined according to the weight, age, sex, degree of disease, etc. of the patient.
- the method of eye drops in adults is, for example, 1 drop at a time per eye and 1 to 6 times a day.
- the administration interval can be appropriately determined, for example, 3 to 4 hours.
- the agent of the present invention can be suitably used as eye drops, eye drops for contact lenses, eye drops, etc., but from the viewpoint of prevention, improvement or therapeutic effect of dry eye, eye drops, eye drops for contact lenses (contact lens wearer). It can be suitably used as an eye drop such as eye drops).
- the contact lens is not particularly limited, such as a hard contact lens, a soft contact lens, a silicon hydrogel soft contact lens, an O2 hard contact lens, and a color contact lens.
- the resin container is further sealed, and an inert gas such as nitrogen is sealed in the space formed between the container and the package.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen is sealed in the space formed between the container and the package.
- the composition may be filled in a resin container and then sealed by a package together with an oxygen scavenger.
- this drug is intended to be administered for the treatment of dry eye symptoms, it may be prophylactically administered topically to the eye before the onset of dry eye symptoms.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for treating, ameliorating or preventing dry eye and the diseases or symptoms described herein, which comprises administering to a patient a composition containing apocynin as an active ingredient. Also, one aspect of the invention relates to the use of apocynin in the treatment, amelioration or prevention of dry eye and the diseases or symptoms described herein. Further, one aspect of the present invention relates to the use of apocynin in the manufacture of dry eye and pharmaceuticals used for the treatment, amelioration or prevention of the diseases or symptoms described herein.
- Dry eye is defined as "a disease in which the stability of the tear film is reduced due to various factors, which may cause eye discomfort and visual dysfunction, and may be accompanied by damage to the surface of the eye.”
- Dry eye is broadly classified into two types, “tear-reducing type” and “evaporation-enhancing type", according to the etiology (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Tear-reducing dry eye reduces tear production, scratches the surface of the eye, and causes symptoms such as constant dryness and a feeling of foreign body.
- causes include aging, stress, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Sjogren's syndrome, tear secretion deficiency due to oral anticholinergic agents, and lacrimal glands due to inflammatory ocular surface diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and ocular scoliosis. Impairment of the reflex loop due to conduit obstruction, ⁇ -blockers, surgery, etc.
- GVHD graft-versus-host disease
- Sjogren's syndrome tear secretion deficiency due to oral anticholinergic agents
- lacrimal glands due to inflammatory ocular surface diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and ocular scoliosis.
- tear fluid has the function of preventing the surface of the eye from drying out due to its stability and the function of preventing excessive friction as a lubricant.
- the vicious cycle of "hyperfriction" at the time of blinking is caused by the interaction between the conjunctival epithelium of the eyelid and the surface epithelium of the eyeball (rubbing through the tear fluid), resulting in a decrease in the water content of the tear fluid and a secretory type.
- the background is a decrease in membrane-type mucin and qualitative abnormalities.
- oils and fats derived from meibomian glands work to prevent evaporation of tears, and that many patients with dry eye have meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
- MGD meibomian gland dysfunction
- dry eye is a chronic eye disease that forms a vicious circle by spreading and promoting corneal epithelial disorders and meibomian gland dysfunction with tear layer destabilization as one of the core mechanisms. Symptomatic treatment due to inflammation is not enough.
- Anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids and cyclosporine are used to treat dry eye caused by autoimmune-related collagen diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome. Although it has been proposed as a treatment option because corticosteroid instillation improves the subjective symptoms of dry eye, there is no evidence that it is effective for tear stability. Also. Although the frequency is low, it cannot be denied that it may cause an increase in intraocular pressure and affect visual function, and caution is required in its use. There is no evidence that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) eye drops are effective in improving subjective symptoms, tear stability, and epithelial disorders, but on the other hand, decreased corneal perception may be seen as an adverse event. Not done as a treatment option. In addition, oral administration and eye drops of general antioxidants have not been proven to be sufficiently effective in dry eye.
- NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Dry eye is a chronic eye disease that may involve systemic factors. Dry eye associated with collagen disease causes inflammation of the keratoconjunctival epithelial disorder due to autoimmunity and destabilizes the tear film. On the other hand, so-called lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension are often complicated by diabetic retinopathy and ischemic retinopathy. Little is known about the association. Although dry eye increases with aging, it is considered to have little association with eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.
- the present invention is a tear film stabilizer containing apocynin, and is preferably a tear film stabilizer containing apocynin as an active ingredient.
- the tear film stabilizing effect is measured by the fluorescein BUT or the Sylmer test. Specifically, it is the method of the embodiment described later.
- tear layer stabilizing effect dry eye, tear reduction type, evaporation enhancement type, BUT shortening type dry eye preventive agent, improver or It can be suitably used as a therapeutic agent.
- the tear layer stabilizer of the present invention may or may not be accompanied by an increase in tear secretion, and may exhibit remarkable dry eye prevention or therapeutic effect without an increase in tear secretion. can. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a preventive agent, an improving agent or a therapeutic agent for dry eye containing apocynin as an active ingredient, for example, tear-reducing dry eye, enhanced evaporation type dry eye, and BUT shortened dry eye.
- Tears or symptoms caused by destabilization of the tear film include the following symptoms, and the tear film stabilizer of the present invention is a preventive agent, ameliorating agent or a therapeutic agent for the following diseases or symptoms. Can be suitably used as. Therefore, in some aspects of the present invention, eye fatigue, eye fatigue, dry eye, blurred eye, eye pain, dazzling eyes, heavy eyes, and eye discomfort due to destabilization of the tear film.
- ⁇ Corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic agent> is a corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic agent containing apocynin, and a corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic agent containing apocynin as an active ingredient is preferable.
- the therapeutic effect on corneal epithelial disorders is measured by a fluorescein-stained image on the surface of the eye and a fluorescein-stained score. Specifically, it is the method of the embodiment described later.
- the therapeutic effect on corneal epithelial disorders is obtained, it can be suitably used as a dry eye preventive agent, ameliorating agent or a therapeutic agent.
- the cornea is a transparent, avascular tissue with a diameter of about 1 cm that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball, and the conjunctiva is the mucous membrane that covers the surface of the eyeball and the back surface of the eyelid behind the corneal margin, and these play important functions in vision. If any disorder occurs, it will have a serious effect on visual function.
- the keratoconjunctival disorder caused by dry eye is a delayed or prolonged repair of a disorder caused by some reason such as an external disorder. Because the cornea and conjunctiva are continuous tissues, these diseases can adversely affect the normal construction of each other's epithelium, and can even impair the structure and function of the stroma and endothelium.
- the apocynin of the present invention has an excellent corneal epithelial therapeutic effect and is useful as a dry eye preventive agent, an ameliorating agent, and a therapeutic agent.
- Drug-induced corneal epithelial disorders present with punctate superficial corneal layer findings similar to dry eye.
- causative eye drops include sympathomimetics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that reduce corneal perception, and preservatives contained in eye drops, especially benzalkonium chloride.
- NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- anticancer drugs, amiodarone, and systemic drugs such as isotretinoin also cause strong damage to the cornea. It has been reported that typical dry eye symptoms are induced by actually administering these drugs to mice (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the keratoconjunctivitis disorder refers to a state in which the keratitis and conjunctivitis are damaged due to various factors such as tear fluid abnormality, metabolic abnormality, external disorder, etc., for example, keratitis, keratitis epithelial detachment, Keratitis, dry eye, conjunctivitis, chronic superficial keratitis, keratitis, drug-induced keratitis, protracted keratitis, punctate superficial keratitis, corneal epithelial defect, conjunctival epithelial defect, dry keratitis, upper ring keratitis, Examples include filamentous keratitis, infectious keratitis, non-infectious keratitis, infectious conjunctivitis, and non-infectious conjunctivitis.
- corneal scarring scar formation in the cornea
- conjunctival scarring scar formation in the conjunctiva
- ⁇ Meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic agent> is a meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic agent containing apocynin.
- One aspect of the present invention is a meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic agent containing apocynin, and a meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic agent containing apocynin as an active ingredient is preferable.
- the therapeutic effect of meibomian gland dysfunction is determined by the silhouette image of the meibomian gland. Specifically, it is the method of the embodiment described later.
- This tear oil layer is important for the tear fluid to be stable as a membrane, such as reducing the surface tension of the tear fluid and preventing evaporation of the tear fluid.
- MGD is a state in which the function of the meibomian glands is diffusely or localized due to various causes, and in many cases, tears and eye surface abnormalities, and chronic eye discomfort (roughness).
- dry eye symptoms such as sensation of tears.
- Symptoms of MGD include eye fatigue, tired eyes, dry eyes, blurred eyes, pain in the eyes, dazzling eyes, heavy eyes, discomfort in the eyes, burning sensation in the eyelids, eye oil, and tears.
- MGD may be associated with inflammatory diseases, and such MGD is also a suitable subject of the present invention. Examples of inflammatory diseases include meibomian glands, punctate superficial keratitis, and blepharitis.
- MGD is broadly divided into a hyposecretion type and an increase-secretion type, and the clinical frequency is higher in the hyposecretion type.
- excess keratinization accumulates in the meibomian gland ducts, the secretion of meibomian gland fat decreases, and the acinus of the meibomian glands gradually atrophy.
- Atrophic refers to the primary atrophy of the acinus.
- various causes cause obstruction of the meibomian gland opening and decrease the secretion of meibomian gland fat. It has also been reported that contact lenses affect the morphology of meibomian glands and contribute to dry eye.
- the atrophy of the meibomian gland refers to a state in which the volume of an organ or tissue that has grown to a normal volume is reduced due to various causes, and may include total or partial atrophy of the meibomian gland.
- atrophy of the meibomian gland is atrophy of any of the parts constituting the meibomian gland such as, but not limited to, secretory acinus, small conduit, central conduit, and exit conduit, or a combination thereof. May include.
- Examples of meibomian gland atrophy associated with meibomian gland volume loss include, but are not limited to, atrophy due to glandular tissue shedding, acinar loss, and decreased cell count.
- meibomian gland dysfunction is associated with atrophy of the meibomian glands.
- the agent used for a specific medical use described in the present specification may be expressed as a pharmaceutical composition for use in a specific medical use, particularly for the treatment of dry eye, in other words.
- the agents or pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be used in methods involving the administration of such compositions to a subject or patient in need of treatment, particularly in the treatment of dry eye. ..
- EGF receptor inhibitor erlotinib
- Non-Patent Document 3 administration of erlotinib shows dry eye symptoms such as shortened BUT, decreased tear volume, and corneal damage from 1 week after administration.
- 3 ⁇ L of PBS alone was instilled in the control group and 3 ⁇ L of apocynin 0.003% (w / v) suspended in PBS was instilled twice daily in the test group.
- 1 ⁇ L of 0.1% fluorescein sodium solution was instilled in each eye under isoflurane anesthesia, and then a BUT test was performed using a slit lamp (SL-17, manufactured by Kowa Co., Ltd.) (Fig. 1).
- the Sylmer test was performed to evaluate the tear volume. Under anesthesia, insert the tip of a Sylmer test strip cut to a width of 1 mm into the conjunctival sac of the lower eyelid of the mouse, remove the test strip 5 minutes later, read the length of the wet part in 0.5 mm increments, and read the value in tears. The amount of liquid was used (Fig. 2).
- a significant improvement was observed in the apocynin instillation group for the corneal epithelial disorder that occurred in the dry eye model of Example 1, indicating that apocynin is useful as a therapeutic agent for corneal epithelial disorder.
- the corneal epithelial disorder induced by the benzalkonium chloride solution was significantly improved in the aposinin eye drop group, and aposinin was also useful as a therapeutic agent for the corneal epithelial disorder in the dry eye model induced by different drugs.
- aposinin was also useful as a therapeutic agent for the corneal epithelial disorder in the dry eye model induced by different drugs.
- a 0.5% methylcellulose solution of the solvent was similarly administered to the normal non-administered group.
- the control group was instilled with PBS alone, and the test group was instilled with 3 ⁇ L of a solution in which 0.003% (w / v) of apocynin was suspended in PBS twice daily.
- 1 ⁇ L of 0.1% fluorescein sodium solution was instilled in each eye under isoflurane anesthesia, and then a BUT test was performed under a blue filter using a slit lamp (Kowa Co., Ltd., SL-17) (Fig. 5). ..
- Example 3 one week after the start of apocynin instillation, a photograph was taken under isoflurane anesthesia and the degree of corneal damage was scored (Fig. 6).
- the corneal epithelial disorder induced by systemic administration of errotinib was significantly improved in the apocynin eye drop group, and as a therapeutic agent for corneal epithelial disorder in the dry eye model in which apocynin was induced by a systemic drug. It has been shown to be useful.
- Example 3 ⁇ Evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect> The mice used in Example 3 were slaughtered 2 weeks after the start of apocynin instillation, the skin and conjunctival epithelium were removed from the upper eyelid, and then the meibomian gland silhouette was observed and photographed using a transmission light source under a stereomicroscope. ..
- FIG. 7A shows a silhouette image of the upper eyelid taken from a dry eye model mouse. Everything that looks like the shadow of a black tree is the meibomian gland.
- the area of the meibomian gland silhouette image of the upper eyelid image was quantified using the image analysis software ImageJ (Fig. 7).
- apocynin has an effect of improving meibomian gland atrophy and is useful as a therapeutic agent for meibomian dysfunction.
- a Sylmer test was conducted 1, 3, 6 and 8 days after the start of instillation of the comparative test drug to evaluate the tear volume.
- Example 4 1 ⁇ L of 0.1% fluorescein sodium solution was instilled in both eyes 1, 3, 6, 8 and 15 days after the start of instillation of the comparative test drug, and then a slit lamp (Kowa Co., SL-17) was used. The fluorescein-stained image was observed under a blue filter, and the degree of corneal epithelial damage was scored.
- the fluorescein staining score was significantly increased in the control group as compared with the normal group, and corneal epithelial damage was observed.
- the fluorescein staining score was significantly decreased and the corneal disorder was improved 3 days after the start of instillation as compared with the control.
- no effect was observed in the hyaluronic acid eye drop group.
- Fig. 9B in the apocynin instillation group, a significant decrease in the fluorescein staining score was observed even 15 days after the start of instillation. From the above, it was shown that apocynin is more effective than hyaluronic acid as a therapeutic agent for corneal epithelial disorders.
- the tear volume was significantly reduced in the control group as compared with the normal group.
- the tear volume was significantly improved 2 days after the start of instillation as compared with the hyaluronic acid instillation group and the diquasodium sodium instillation group. Admitted. From this, it was shown that apocynin is more effective than hyaluronic acid and diquasodium as a tear layer stabilizer.
- Example 5 1 ⁇ L of 0.1% fluorescein sodium solution was instilled in both eyes 1, 2, 5, and 9 days after the start of instillation of the comparative test drug, and then a blue filter was used using a slit lamp (Kowa Co., Ltd., SL-17). The fluorescein-stained image was observed below, and the degree of corneal epithelial damage was scored.
- the fluorescein staining score was significantly increased in the control group as compared with the normal group, and corneal epithelial damage was observed.
- the fluorescein staining score was significantly decreased and the corneal epithelial disorder was improved 2 days after the start of instillation as compared with the control.
- no effect was observed in the hyaluronic acid instillation group and the diquasophor sodium instillation group.
- the aposinin of the present invention has a tear film stabilizing effect, a corneal epithelial disorder therapeutic effect, a meibomian gland dysfunction therapeutic effect, and a tear secretion-reducing type and an evaporation-enhancing type. BUT shortened type All dry eyes show remarkable preventive, ameliorating or therapeutic effects on dry eye.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention containing apocynin as an active ingredient was found to have a stabilizing effect on the lacrimal layer, a therapeutic effect on corneal epithelial disorders, and a therapeutic effect on meibomian gland dysfunction. .. Therefore, the present invention is useful as a preventive agent, an ameliorating agent or a therapeutic agent for dry eye.
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Abstract
Description
MGDは,マイボーム腺機能に異常をきたした状態を呼称する際に臨床で使用されており,蒸発亢進型ドライアイの原因の一つになっていると考えられるが,重症度が広範囲にわたり,臨床像が多様であることなどから,定義や診断基準も未だ不明確な点が多い。これらのことから,これまでに効果的な治療法は少ない。
[態様1]
アポシニンを含有する涙液層安定化剤。
[態様2]
アポシニンを含有する角膜上皮障害治療剤。
[態様3]
アポシニンを含有するマイボーム腺機能不全の治療剤。
[態様4]
アポシニンを含有するドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤。
[態様5]
ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様1から3のいずれかに記載の剤。
[態様6]
涙液減少型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様4又は5記載の剤。
[態様7]
蒸発亢進型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様4又は5記載の剤。
[態様8]
BUT短縮型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様4又は5記載の剤。
[態様9]
涙液層不安定化による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,涙液減少症,加齢乾性眼,乏涙症,眼乾燥症,シェーグレン症候群,乾性角結膜炎,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群,眼類天疱胞,眼瞼縁炎,閉眼不全,知覚神経麻痺,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,アレルギー性結膜炎に関連したドライアイ,ウイルス性結膜炎後のドライアイ,白内障手術後のドライアイ,VDT作業に関連したドライアイ,モニターの画面を長時間見続けることによるドライアイ,及びコンタクトレンズ装用に関連したドライアイから成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状,並びにコンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感,リッドワイパーエピテリオパシー,角結膜上皮障害,角膜上皮剥離,角膜上皮糜爛,角膜潰瘍及び眼感染症から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様1記載の剤。
[態様10]
角膜上皮障害による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,角膜潰瘍,角膜上皮剥離,角膜炎,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,結膜炎,慢性表層角膜炎,角膜糜爛,薬剤性角膜障害,遷延性角膜障害,点状表層角膜症,角膜上皮欠損,結膜上皮欠損,乾性角結膜炎,上輪部角結膜炎,糸状角結膜炎,感染性角膜炎,非感染性角膜炎,感染性結膜炎,非感染性結膜炎,角結膜障害に伴う角膜瘢痕化もしくは角膜での瘢痕形成,並びに結膜瘢痕化もしくは結膜での瘢痕形成から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様2記載の剤。
[態様11]
マイボーム腺機能不全による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,まぶたが熱い灼熱感,眼脂,流涙,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,マイボーム腺炎,点状表層角膜炎,及び眼瞼炎から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である態様3記載の剤。
[態様12]
点眼剤または眼軟膏である態様1~11のいずれか1項記載の剤。
治療を必要とする対象にアポシニンを有効成分として含有する組成物を投与することを含む,涙液層を安定化するための方法。
[態様2-2]
治療を必要とする対象にアポシニンを有効成分として含有する組成物を投与することを含む,角膜上皮障害の治療方法。
[態様2-3]
治療を必要とする対象にアポシニンを有効成分として含有する組成物を投与することを含む,マイボーム腺機能不全の治療方法。
[態様2-4]
治療を必要とする対象にアポシニンを有効成分として含有する組成物を投与することを含む,ドライアイを予防,改善又は治療するための方法。
[態様2-5]
ドライアイを予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-1から2-3のいずれかに記載の方法。
[態様2-6]
涙液減少型ドライアイを予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-4又は2-5記載の方法。
[態様2-7]
蒸発亢進型ドライアイを予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-4又は2-5記載の方法。
[態様2-8]
BUT短縮型ドライアイを予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-4又は2-5記載の方法。
[態様2-9]
涙液層不安定化による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,涙液減少症,加齢乾性眼,乏涙症,眼乾燥症,シェーグレン症候群,乾性角結膜炎,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群,眼類天疱胞,眼瞼縁炎,閉眼不全,知覚神経麻痺,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,アレルギー性結膜炎に関連したドライアイ,ウイルス性結膜炎後のドライアイ,白内障手術後のドライアイ,VDT作業に関連したドライアイ,モニターの画面を長時間見続けることによるドライアイ,及びコンタクトレンズ装用に関連したドライアイから成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状,並びにコンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感,リッドワイパーエピテリオパシー,角結膜上皮障害,角膜上皮剥離,角膜上皮糜爛,角膜潰瘍及び眼感染症から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状を予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-1記載の方法。
[態様2-10]
角膜上皮障害による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,角膜潰瘍,角膜上皮剥離,角膜炎,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,結膜炎,慢性表層角膜炎,角膜糜爛,薬剤性角膜障害,遷延性角膜障害,点状表層角膜症,角膜上皮欠損,結膜上皮欠損,乾性角結膜炎,上輪部角結膜炎,糸状角結膜炎,感染性角膜炎,非感染性角膜炎,感染性結膜炎,非感染性結膜炎,角結膜障害に伴う角膜瘢痕化もしくは角膜での瘢痕形成,並びに結膜瘢痕化もしくは結膜での瘢痕形成から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状を予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-2記載の方法。
[態様2-11]
マイボーム腺機能不全による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,まぶたが熱い灼熱感,眼脂,流涙,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,マイボーム腺炎,点状表層角膜炎,及び眼瞼炎から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状を予防,改善又は治療するための態様2-3記載の方法。
[態様2-12]
組成物が点眼剤または眼軟膏である態様2-1~2-11のいずれか1項記載の方法。
アポシニンを有効成分として含有する,涙液層の安定化に使用するための医薬組成物。
[態様3-2]
アポシニンを有効成分として含有する,角膜上皮障害の治療に使用するための医薬組成物。
[態様3-3]
アポシニンを有効成分として含有する,マイボーム腺機能不全の治療に使用するための医薬組成物。
[態様3-4]
アポシニンを有効成分として含有する,ドライアイの予防,改善又は治療に使用するための医薬組成物。
[態様3-5]
ドライアイの予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-1から3-3のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-6]
涙液減少型ドライアイの予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-4又は3-5記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-7]
蒸発亢進型ドライアイの予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-4又は3-5記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-8]
BUT短縮型ドライアイの予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-4又は3-5記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-9]
涙液層不安定化による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,涙液減少症,加齢乾性眼,乏涙症,眼乾燥症,シェーグレン症候群,乾性角結膜炎,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群,眼類天疱胞,眼瞼縁炎,閉眼不全,知覚神経麻痺,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,アレルギー性結膜炎に関連したドライアイ,ウイルス性結膜炎後のドライアイ,白内障手術後のドライアイ,VDT作業に関連したドライアイ,モニターの画面を長時間見続けることによるドライアイ,及びコンタクトレンズ装用に関連したドライアイから成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状,並びにコンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感,リッドワイパーエピテリオパシー,角結膜上皮障害,角膜上皮剥離,角膜上皮糜爛,角膜潰瘍及び眼感染症から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状の予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-1記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-10]
角膜上皮障害による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,角膜潰瘍,角膜上皮剥離,角膜炎,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,結膜炎,慢性表層角膜炎,角膜糜爛,薬剤性角膜障害,遷延性角膜障害,点状表層角膜症,角膜上皮欠損,結膜上皮欠損,乾性角結膜炎,上輪部角結膜炎,糸状角結膜炎,感染性角膜炎,非感染性角膜炎,感染性結膜炎,非感染性結膜炎,角結膜障害に伴う角膜瘢痕化もしくは角膜での瘢痕形成,並びに結膜瘢痕化もしくは結膜での瘢痕形成から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状の予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-2記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-11]
マイボーム腺機能不全による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,まぶたが熱い灼熱感,眼脂,流涙,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,マイボーム腺炎,点状表層角膜炎,及び眼瞼炎から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状の予防,改善又は治療に使用するための態様3-3記載の医薬組成物。
[態様3-12]
組成物が点眼剤または眼軟膏である態様3-1~3-11のいずれか1項記載の医薬組成物。
アポシニンは,4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシアセトフェノンであり,以下の式を有する。アポシニンは公知の方法で製造することができ,市販品を使用することもできる。
本発明の剤(組成物)には,本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で,その他の成分を適量配合することができる。その他の成分としては,水,油性成分,界面活性剤,防腐剤,糖類,緩衝剤,pH調整剤,等張化剤,安定化剤,清涼化剤,多価アルコール,粘稠剤等が挙げられる。これらの成分は,1種単独で又は2種以上を適宜組み合わせて配合することができる。なお,水の配合量は組成物の残部とすることができる。
ドライアイは「様々な要因により涙液層の安定性が低下する疾患であり,眼不快感や視機能異常を生じ,眼表面の障害を伴うことがある」と定義されている。
涙液減少型ドライアイは,涙液の産生量が減り,目の表面に傷がつき,常時乾燥や異物感などの症状をもたらす。原因として,加齢,ストレス,移植片対宿主病(GVHD),シェーグレン症候群,抗コリン作用薬内服などによる涙液分泌不全,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群や眼類天疱瘡などの炎症性眼表面疾患による涙腺導管閉塞,β遮断薬,手術などによる反射性涙液分泌経路(reflex loop)の障害が挙げられる。近年,VDT作業時間の増加と涙腺機能低下との関係が報告されており,生活環境や生活習慣が涙液分泌に影響することが示唆されている。
蒸発亢進型ドライアイの原因には,内因性と外因性のものに分類される。外因性のものとしては,ビタミンA欠乏,点眼剤に含まれる防腐剤(たとえば塩化ベンザルコニウム),アレルギー性結膜炎,コンタクトレンズの使用,エアコンの送風などのよるものが挙げられる。内因的なものとしては,MGD,兎目などの眼瞼異常,瞬目回数低下が挙げられる。
BUT短縮型ドライアイは,BUTが短縮しているが,涙液分泌能は正常であり,眼表面の上皮障害は軽微であるが強く,眼疲労,目のかわき,コンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感及び目のかすみ,異物感,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂ならびに流涙等の症状を生じる。従来から使用されている人口涙液やヒアルロン酸では治療効果が乏しい。
本発明のアポシニンは,涙液層安定化効果によるBUT延長,涙液量低下の軽減,および角膜上皮障害治療効果,マイボーム腺機能不全治療効果を有し,ドライアイ,涙液減少型,蒸発亢進型,BUT短縮型いずれのドライアイについても顕著なドライアイ予防,改善又は治療効果を示すことができる。
本発明はアポシニンを含有する涙液層安定化剤であり,アポシニンを有効成分として含有する涙液層安定化剤であることが好ましい。
本発明において,涙液層安定化効果の測定は,フルオレセインBUTやシルマー試験で測定する。具体的には後述の実施例の方法である。
よって,本発明の一部の態様は,涙液層不安定化による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,涙液減少症,加齢乾性眼,乏涙症,眼乾燥症,シェーグレン症候群,乾性角結膜炎,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群,眼類天疱胞,眼瞼縁炎,閉眼不全,知覚神経麻痺,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,アレルギー性結膜炎に関連したドライアイ,ウイルス性結膜炎後のドライアイ,白内障手術後のドライアイ,VDT作業に関連したドライアイ,スマホやゲームなどモニターの画面を長時間見続けることによるドライアイ及びコンタクトレンズ装用に関連したドライアイから成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状,コンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感,リッドワイパーエピテリオパシー,角結膜上皮障害,角膜上皮剥離,角膜上皮糜爛,角膜潰瘍及び眼感染症から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する,アポシニンを有効成分として含有する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤に関する。
本発明の一態様はアポシニンを含有する角膜上皮障害治療剤であり,アポシニンを有効成分として含有する角膜上皮障害治療剤であることが好ましい。
本発明において,角膜上皮障害治療効果の測定は,目表面のフルオレセイン染色像及びフルオレセイン染色スコアで測定する。具体的には後述の実施例の方法である。
実際にこれらの薬剤をマウスに投与することによって典型的なドライアイ症状を誘発することが報告されている(非特許文献2,3)。
本発明の一態様はアポシニンを含有するマイボーム腺機能不全治療剤である。本発明の一態様はアポシニンを含有するマイボーム腺機能不全治療剤であり,アポシニンを有効成分として含有するマイボーム腺機能不全治療剤であることが好ましい。
本発明において,マイボーム腺機能不全治療効果の判定は,マイボーム腺のシルエット像で行う。具体的には後述の実施例の方法である。
C57BL6マウス雄性(7週齢)を実験環境への馴化を行った後,体重値がほぼ均一であり,眼に異常がないものについて,下記3群(n=5)に群分けを行った。
・7週齢/正常(非ドライアイ群)
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+コントロール(溶媒点眼)群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン点眼群
ドライアイモデルは,Yangらの方法に基づき,EGF受容体阻害薬(エルロチニブ)を毎日点眼することで作製した。このモデルでは,エルロチニブの投与により,投与1週間後からBUT短縮,涙液量減少,角膜障害などのドライアイ症状を示す(非特許文献3)。エルロチニブ20μMを2週間点眼後,コントロール群にはPBSのみを,また試験群にはアポシニン0.003%(w/v)をPBSに懸濁した溶液を毎日2回両目に3μLずつ点眼した。点眼開始2週間後にイソフルラン麻酔下にて0.1%フルオレセインナトリウム溶液を両目に各1μL点眼後,スリットランプ(興和社製,SL-17)を用いてBUT試験を行った(図1)。また,涙液量の評価はシルマー試験を行った。麻酔下でマウスの下眼瞼の結膜嚢に1mm幅に裁断したシルマー試験紙の先端を挿入し,5分後に試験紙を抜き取り,濡れた部分の長さを0.5mm単位で読み取り,その数値を涙液量とした(図2)。
実施例1で作製したドライアイモデルにおいて,BUT計測後,スリットランプ(興和社製,SL-17)を用いてブルーフィルター下でフルオレセイン染色像について写真撮影を行い,角膜上皮障害を解析した(図3)。フルオレセイン染色によって角膜の障害部分が染色される。角膜障害スコアは,マウスの目の中心部分を一領域とし,それ以外の領域を四等分し,全部で五つのそれぞれの領域について,染色の程度に応じて0~3点としてスコア化した(全部で15点)。
C57BL6マウス雄性(9週齢)を実験環境への馴化を行った後,体重値がほぼ均一で,眼に異常がないものについて,下記3群(n=3)に群分けを行った。
・7週齢/正常(非ドライアイ群)
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+コントロール(溶媒点眼)群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン点眼群
ドライアイモデルは,Linらの方法(非特許文献4)に基づき,0.2%塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液を点眼することで作製した。このモデルでは,0.2%塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液の点眼により,投与1日後からBUT短縮,涙液量減少,角膜上皮障害などのドライアイ症状を示す(非特許文献4)。塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液を2日間一日2回点眼後,コントロール群にはPBSのみを,また試験群にはアポシニン0.003%(w/v)をPBSに懸濁した溶液を一日4回両目に3μLずつ点眼した。アポシニンの点眼開始2日後にイソフルラン麻酔下にて0.1%フルオレセインナトリウム溶液を両目に各1μL点眼後,スリットランプ(興和社製,SL-17)を用いてブルーフィルター下で染色像を撮影し,フルオレセイン染色スコアを解析した(図4)。
C57BL6マウス雄性(7週齢)を実験環境への馴化を行った後,体重値がほぼ均一であり,眼に異常がないものについて,下記3群(n=4)に群分けを行った。
・7週齢/正常(非ドライアイ群)
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+コントロール(溶媒点眼)群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン点眼群
ドライアイモデルは,エルロチニブを5 mg/mlの濃度で0.5%メチルセルロース溶液に溶解し,試験開始から毎日50 mg/kg/dayとなるように腹腔内注射により投与することで作製した。正常の非投与群には,溶媒の0.5%メチルセルロース溶液を同様に投与した。エルロチニブを1週間投与後,コントロール群にはPBSのみを,また試験群にはアポシニン0.003%(w/v)をPBSに懸濁した溶液を一日2回,毎日両目に3μLずつ点眼した。点眼開始1週間後にイソフルラン麻酔下にて0.1%フルオレセインナトリウム溶液を両目に各1μL点眼後,スリットランプ(興和社製,SL-17)を用いてブルーフィルター下でBUT試験を行った(図5)。
実施例3で用いたマウスについて,アポシニン点眼開始2週間後に屠殺して,上眼瞼について皮膚及び結膜上皮を除去したのちに,実体顕微鏡下で透過光源を用いて,マイボーム腺シルエットを観察・撮影した。図7Aはドライアイモデルマウスから採取した上眼瞼のシルエット像を示す。黒く茂った樹木の影のように見えるところがすべてマイボーム腺となる。また,上眼瞼撮影部分のマイボーム腺シルエット像について画像解析ソフトImageJを用いて面積の定量を行った(図7)。
従ってアポシニンは,マイボーム腺の萎縮を改善する作用を有し,マイボーム機能不全治療剤として有用であることが示された。
C57BL6マウス雄性(7週齢)を実験環境への馴化を行った後,体重値がほぼ均一で,眼に異常がないものについて,下記群(n=4)に群分けを行った。
・7週齢/正常(非ドライアイ群)
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+コントロール(溶媒点眼)群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン0.1%(w/v) 点眼群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+ヒアルロン酸0.5%(w/v) 点眼群
ドライアイモデルは,塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液を1日2回3μLずつ8日間点眼することで作製した。その後,コントロール群には0.5%メチルセルロース溶液のみを,また試験群にはアポシニン0.1%(w/v)またはヒアルロン酸0.5%(w/v)を0.5%メチルセルロース溶液に懸濁した溶液を一日2回両目に3μLずつ15日間点眼した
C57BL6マウス雄性(7週齢)を実験環境への馴化を行った後,体重値がほぼ均一で,眼に異常がないものについて,下記群(n=3~4)に群分けを行った。
・7週齢/正常(非ドライアイ群)
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+コントロール(溶媒点眼)群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン0.003 %(w/v) 点眼群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+アポシニン0.03 %(w/v) 点眼群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+ジクアソホルナトリウム3% 点眼群
・7週齢/ドライアイモデル+ヒアルロン酸0.5%(w/v) 点眼群
ドライアイモデルは,0.2%塩化ベンザルコニウム溶液を1日2回3μLずつ8日間点眼することで作製した。その後,コントロール群にはPBSのみを,また試験群にはアポシニン0.003 %(w/v),0.03 %(w/v),ヒアルロン酸0.5%(w/v)をPBSに懸濁した溶液, ジクアソホルナトリウム3% 点眼液を一日2回両目に3μLずつ9日間点眼した。
実施例1から5で示したように,本発明のアポシニンは,涙液層安定化効果,角膜上皮障害治療効果,マイボーム腺機能不全治療効果を有し,涙液分泌減少型,蒸発亢進型,BUT短縮型いずれのドライアイについても顕著なドライアイ予防,改善又は治療効果を示すものである。
Claims (12)
- アポシニンを含有する涙液層安定化剤。
- アポシニンを含有する角膜上皮障害治療剤。
- アポシニンを含有するマイボーム腺機能不全の治療剤。
- アポシニンを含有するドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤。
- ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項1から3のいずれか1項記載の剤。
- 涙液減少型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項4又は5記載の剤。
- 蒸発亢進型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項4又は5記載の剤。
- BUT短縮型ドライアイ予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項4又は5記載の剤。
- 涙液層不安定化による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,涙液減少症,加齢乾性眼,乏涙症,眼乾燥症,シェーグレン症候群,乾性角結膜炎,スティーブンズ-ジョンソン症候群,眼類天疱胞,眼瞼縁炎,閉眼不全,知覚神経麻痺,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,アレルギー性結膜炎に関連したドライアイ,ウイルス性結膜炎後のドライアイ,白内障手術後のドライアイ,VDT作業に関連したドライアイ,モニターの画面を長時間見続けることによるドライアイ及びコンタクトレンズ装用に関連したドライアイから成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状,並びにコンタクトレンズを装着しているときの不快感,リッドワイパーエピテリオパシー,角結膜上皮障害,角膜上皮剥離,角膜上皮糜爛,角膜潰瘍及び眼感染症から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項1記載の剤。
- 角膜上皮障害による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,眼脂,流涙,角膜潰瘍,角膜上皮剥離,角膜炎,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,結膜炎,慢性表層角膜炎,角膜糜爛,薬剤性角膜障害,遷延性角膜障害,点状表層角膜症,角膜上皮欠損,結膜上皮欠損,乾性角結膜炎,上輪部角結膜炎,糸状角結膜炎,感染性角膜炎,非感染性角膜炎,感染性結膜炎,非感染性結膜炎,角結膜障害に伴う角膜瘢痕化もしくは角膜での瘢痕形成,並びに結膜瘢痕化もしくは結膜での瘢痕形成から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項2記載の剤。
- マイボーム腺機能不全による,眼疲労,目の疲れ,目のかわき,目のかすみ,目の痛み,目がまぶしい,目が重い,目の不快感,まぶたが熱い灼熱感,眼脂,流涙,ドライアイ,涙液減少型ドライアイ,蒸発亢進型ドライアイ,BUT短縮型ドライアイ,マイボーム腺炎,点状表層角膜炎,及び眼瞼炎から成る群より選ばれる疾患又は症状に対する予防剤,改善剤又は治療剤である請求項3記載の剤。
- 点眼剤,眼軟膏,洗眼剤,注射剤,貼付剤,ゲルまたは挿入剤である請求項1~11のいずれか1項記載の剤。
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