WO2022063017A1 - 一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法 - Google Patents

一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法 Download PDF

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WO2022063017A1
WO2022063017A1 PCT/CN2021/118727 CN2021118727W WO2022063017A1 WO 2022063017 A1 WO2022063017 A1 WO 2022063017A1 CN 2021118727 W CN2021118727 W CN 2021118727W WO 2022063017 A1 WO2022063017 A1 WO 2022063017A1
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low
visual recognition
road
color rendering
color temperature
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡江碧
郭云鹏
高小娟
王荣华
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Priority to US18/028,540 priority Critical patent/US20230358634A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/081—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of low-built type, e.g. landscape light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0207—Details of measuring devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/60—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using determination of colour temperature
    • G01J5/605—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using determination of colour temperature using visual determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0207—Details of measuring devices
    • G01M11/0214—Details of devices holding the object to be tested
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/101—Outdoor lighting of tunnels or the like, e.g. under bridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of road lighting, and in particular, to a method for measuring and calculating parameters of a low-level road lighting lamp and a method for installing a low-level road lighting lamp.
  • the present application also relates to a road on which a low-level lighting lamp is installed using the installation method.
  • the purpose of road lighting is to create a good light environment for safe road operation at night, to meet the needs of drivers to quickly obtain important information about driving safety from the traffic environment, and to prevent traffic accidents caused by insufficient visual information.
  • the lighting of viaducts, bridges connected to bridges and tunnels, tunnel entrances and exits, self-rescue ramps, etc. in the road system is generally arranged on a 10-15m high light pole with multiple or single high-power lighting sources.
  • this lighting method has the following technical defects: 1) high cost; 2) serious light pollution; 3) low light utilization rate; 4) difficult maintenance.
  • the glare problem cannot be avoided. avoid. Due to the existence of the above problems, the low-level lighting cannot well meet the driver's safety visual recognition requirements for driving at night during the use process, which reduces the safety service level of road operation at night.
  • Chinese patent document CN205592812U discloses parameters such as color temperature, installation height and longitudinal installation distance of low-level lighting, but there is no reasonable method for measuring the technical parameters of low-level lighting, so that low-level lighting may bring safety to night driving during use hidden danger.
  • the embodiment of the present invention intends to provide a method for measuring the parameters of a low-level lighting lamp that meets the safety visual recognition requirements of drivers, which solves the problems existing in the design of the existing low-level lighting lamps in terms of light source characteristic index, installation height and light distribution. .
  • a method for measuring and calculating parameters of a road low-level lighting lamp including:
  • S101 select multiple sets of low-level lighting lamps with preset color temperature and color rendering index, or select low-level lighting lamp groups that can set multiple pairs of preset color temperature and color rendering index;
  • the step S102 includes the following sub-steps:
  • S203 Install the speed detection device of the motor vehicle, such as a non-contact speedometer, the test driver and the experimental operator get on the vehicle, and wear an eye tracker for the driver;
  • S204 The driver drives a motor vehicle, preferably a passenger car, to visually recognize the first target object at a predetermined running speed, and the experimental operator marks the position of the motor vehicle and the machine according to the visual recognition status when the tested driver sees the first target object.
  • the moving car passes the position of the first target to obtain the visual recognition distance;
  • step S205 adjust the brightness level, and repeat step S204, so as to complete the dynamic visual recognition of the driver at predetermined different brightness levels under the preset color temperature and color rendering index and the running speed;
  • step S206 Adjust to the next pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index, and repeat step S205 to complete the dynamic visual recognition of the different light source lighting environments of the driver at the running speed;
  • the driver changes the running speed, repeats steps S204 to S206, completes the dynamic experiment of the driver under different predetermined running speeds and different light source lighting environments, and replaces the driver;
  • S104 Based on the fitted relationship model, select at least one group of the plurality of sets of low-level lighting lamps or select at least one pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index in the low-level lighting lamp group.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can adaptively configure relevant parameters for different roads and different sections of the road.
  • the step S101 includes static visual recognition of light source characteristic indicators.
  • the static visual recognition includes:
  • S303 For example, adjust the brightness level from low to high or from high to low, multiple drivers visually recognize the second target at a first line-of-sight position from the second target, and record the multiple drivers The static visual recognition result of the member;
  • the step S101 further includes pre-verifying the preset color temperature and color rendering index based on the relationship curve of the static calibration state.
  • the step S103 includes:
  • the step S104 includes:
  • the step b) includes:
  • S401 Select the low-level lighting or the preset color temperature and color rendering index of the low-level lighting required by the driver's safety visual recognition;
  • S402 Determine the energy consumption of the low-level lighting lamp or the preset color temperature and color rendering index of the low-level lighting lamp required by the driver's safety visual recognition under the road installation state;
  • S403 Select the at least one group or the at least one pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index that minimizes energy consumption.
  • This embodiment has particularly advantageous effects, for example, it can satisfy the driver's visual recognition requirements and obtain better environmental protection effects for different road selections.
  • a method for installing a road low-level lighting lamp includes:
  • the plurality of low-level lighting lamps are installed on both sides of the road.
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the plurality of low-level lighting lamps are spaced along the road direction in the grooves of the double wave guardrail or in the upper grooves of the triple wave guardrail.
  • the installation height of the low-level lighting lamp is in the range of 55 to 85 cm.
  • the installation height of the low-level lighting lamp is 60cm or 80cm.
  • the installation height of the low-position lighting lamp is 60 cm; for the three-waveform guardrail, the installation height of the low-position lighting lamp is 80 cm.
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the lateral projection angle of the low-position lighting lamp on the left side of the road is 40°-45°, preferably 42.15°; the longitudinal projection angle is 26°-31°, preferably 28.54°.
  • the lateral projection angle of the low-position light on the right side of the road is 8° ⁇ 13°, preferably 10.38°, and the longitudinal projection angle is 27° ⁇ 32°, preferably 29.24°.
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the plurality of low-level lighting lamps are installed with gradually changing installation heights for the graded road section.
  • a road is provided with a plurality of low-level lighting lamps installed according to the installation method of a road low-level lighting lamp according to any embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary flowchart of a measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary flowchart of the measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary flowchart of the measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary flowchart of the measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first schematic diagram of a road installation method according to an example of the present invention, showing the installation of low-level lighting in a double wave guardrail;
  • FIG. 6 shows a second schematic diagram of a road installation method according to an example of the present invention, showing the installation of low-level lighting in a three-wave guardrail;
  • FIG. 7 shows a third schematic diagram of a road installation method according to an example of the present invention, showing the installation of a low-level light in the left side guardrail;
  • FIG. 8 shows a third schematic diagram of a road installation method according to an example of the present invention, showing the installation of a low-level light in the right side rail.
  • FIG. 9 shows a correlation diagram between color temperature and brightness requirement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a method for measuring and calculating parameters of a road low-level lighting lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the method includes the following steps S101 to S104.
  • S101 Select multiple sets of low-level lighting lamps with preset color temperature and color rendering index, or select multiple pairs of low-level lighting lamps with preset color temperature and color rendering index.
  • the step S102 may include the following sub-steps S201 to S208.
  • S203 Install the speed detection device of the motor vehicle, such as a non-contact speedometer, the test driver and the experimental operator get on the vehicle, and wear an eye tracker for the driver;
  • S204 The driver drives a motor vehicle, preferably a passenger car, to visually recognize the first target object at a predetermined running speed, and the experimental operator marks the position of the motor vehicle and the machine according to the visual recognition status when the tested driver sees the first target object.
  • the moving car passes the position of the first target to obtain the visual recognition distance;
  • step S205 adjust the brightness level, and repeat step S204, so as to complete the dynamic visual recognition of the driver at predetermined different brightness levels under the preset color temperature and color rendering index and the running speed;
  • step S206 Adjust to the next pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index, and repeat step S205 to complete the dynamic visual recognition of the different light source lighting environments of the driver at the running speed;
  • the driver changes the running speed, repeats steps S204 to S206, completes the dynamic experiment of the driver under different predetermined running speeds and different light source lighting environments, and replaces the driver;
  • S208 Repeat steps S203 to S207 until all tested drivers complete the dynamic visual recognition to obtain dynamic visual recognition samples.
  • the step S103 includes:
  • S104 Based on the fitted relationship model, select at least one group of the plurality of sets of low-level lighting lamps or select at least one pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index in the low-level lighting lamp group.
  • the step S104 includes:
  • the step b) includes:
  • S401 Select the low-level lighting or the preset color temperature and color rendering index of the low-level lighting required by the driver's safety visual recognition;
  • S402 Determine the energy consumption of the low-level lighting lamp or the preset color temperature and color rendering index of the low-level lighting lamp required by the driver's safety visual recognition under the road installation state;
  • S403 Select the at least one group or the at least one pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index that minimizes energy consumption.
  • the step S101 includes static visual recognition of the light source characteristic index.
  • the step S101 includes steps S301 to S306.
  • S303 For example, adjust the brightness level from low to high or from high to low, multiple drivers visually recognize the second target at a first line-of-sight position from the second target, and record the multiple drivers The static visual recognition result of the member;
  • the step S101 further includes pre-verifying the preset color temperature and color rendering index based on the relationship curve of the static calibration state.
  • a method for installing a road low-level lighting lamp comprising:
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the plurality of low-level lighting lamps are spaced along the road direction in the grooves of the double wave guardrail or in the upper grooves of the triple wave guardrail.
  • the low light 510 is installed in the groove of the dual wave guardrail 520 .
  • the low-level light 610 is installed in the upper groove of the three-wave guardrail 620 .
  • low-level lights may be mounted on the inside of the concrete guardrail.
  • the installation height of the low-position lighting lamp is in the range of 55 to 85 cm, and preferably, the installation height of the low-position lighting lamp is 60 cm or 80 cm.
  • the installation height of the low-level lighting is 60cm.
  • the installation height of the low-level lighting is 80cm.
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the plurality of low-position lighting lamps are installed along the traveling direction of the vehicle in an illumination manner that the peak line of the light source is on the center line of the roadway.
  • the illumination angles of the left and right low-level lamps are different, wherein the illumination angle of the left side is greater than the illumination angle of the right side (horizontal and/or longitudinal);
  • the lateral projection angle of the low-level lighting on the left side of the road is 40° ⁇ 45°, preferably 42.15°, and the longitudinal projection angle is 26° ⁇ 31°, preferably 28.54°; as shown in FIG. 8 As shown, the lateral projection angle of the low-level light on the right side of the road is 8° to 13°, preferably 10.38°, and the longitudinal projection angle is 27° to 32°, preferably 29.24°.
  • the installation of the plurality of low-level lighting lamps on both sides of the road includes:
  • the plurality of low-level lighting lamps are installed with gradually changing installation heights for the graded road section.
  • a road which is characterized by having a plurality of low-level lighting lamps installed according to the installation method of a road low-level lighting lamp according to any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the road brightness data required by the driver to visually recognize the target object at different safe parking sight distances under the conditions of different color temperatures and a certain color rendering index are collected, and the driver's response to the target object under the conditions of different light source color temperatures is analyzed.
  • the driver's visual recognition rule of the target object under different light source color temperature conditions is studied, and the influence of low-level lighting on the driver's visual recognition is analyzed. It is conceivable, however, that the experiments of the described examples can be repeated at additional color rendering indices.
  • this experiment selects the LED light source, which is widely used in road lighting, as the experimental light source.
  • the color temperature of the light source in this experiment selected four color temperature levels of 3000K, 4000K, 5000K and 5700K as the experimental representative light source, combined with the lighting standards of road traffic,
  • the brightness level selected in this experiment is 0 ⁇ 5cd/m 2 .
  • the experiments were carried out at the design speeds of 60km/h and 80km/h, and the corresponding parking sight distances were 75m and 110m, respectively.
  • the experimental site is constructed according to the actual bridge-tunnel-connected road section with a split subgrade half-width road.
  • the experimental road is 50m long, 10m wide, two-lane, straight, cement concrete pavement. Wooden guardrails are set on both sides of the road according to the actual cement concrete guardrail size 1:1 to build.
  • the experimental data were sorted and analyzed, and the invalid samples were eliminated, and finally a total of 240 groups of valid experimental samples were obtained for the visual recognition results of bridge lighting at night for drivers.
  • the brightness values with the same visual recognition result of the driver under the same color temperature and visual recognition distance are averaged, and a total of 20 sets of valid data are obtained.
  • the correlation between the color temperature and the brightness requirement under the same visual recognition result is obtained, as shown in Figure 9.
  • Fig. 9 shows that under the conditions of the same visual recognition distance and visual recognition result, as the color temperature increases, the driver's brightness requirement to achieve the same visual recognition result increases.
  • the color temperature is between 3000K and 4000K, the brightness level required for visual recognition does not change much; when the color temperature is greater than 4000K, the required brightness level for visual recognition increases significantly.
  • the color rendering index is 70.
  • the experiment can be carried out under other color rendering indices, and the corresponding relationship curve can be obtained.
  • the color temperature and color rendering index and its relationship with brightness that can be used for dynamic visual recognition can be verified in advance after the static visual recognition experiment is performed.
  • the driver's visual recognition of a specific target is tested under the environmental conditions of bridge lighting with different light sources.
  • the relationship model between the driver's visual recognition distance of the target object on the bridge road and the road brightness at night is established under different operating speeds.
  • the different design speeds are substituted into the model to calculate the minimum visual recognition distance corresponding to the visual recognition distance under different parking sight distances.
  • the brightness is the brightness threshold, and the demand threshold of the driver's lighting brightness in the bridge section at night under different light source conditions is obtained.
  • the optimal color temperature and color rendering index of the bridge low-level lighting and the corresponding brightness demand threshold are finally obtained.
  • the color rendering index of the light source was selected as 70 in the experiment.
  • four color temperature levels of 3000K, 4000K, 5000K and 6000K were selected for the color temperature.
  • the bridge pavement brightness is selected from 0 to 2.5 cd/m 2 for the experiment.
  • the test drivers drive at three speeds of 60km/h, 80km/h and 100km/h, respectively, and identify objects on the road during driving.
  • the Gongboling No. 1 Bridge on the right line of the G310 Xunhua-Longwuxia Expressway in Qinghai province is selected as the experimental section.
  • the bridge is 165m long and the alignment is a straight line.
  • the bridge pavement is asphalt concrete pavement
  • the bridge guardrail is cement concrete guardrail.
  • the driver drives the vehicle at a specific speed to visually recognize the target.
  • the experimenter uses a non-contact speedometer to measure the position of the vehicle when the driver sees the target and the position where the vehicle passes the target. Dot mark;
  • step (4) adjust the brightness level according to the visual recognition situation, repeat step (4), complete this driver's experiment of different lighting brightness levels under this speed and this light source color temperature;
  • the driver changes the running speed, repeats steps (4) to (6), and replaces the driver after completing the experiment of the driver under different speeds and different light source lighting environments;
  • a certain color rendering index can be used first in step (6), and each color temperature can be adjusted; but it can also be reversed.
  • the experimental data were classified, sorted and analyzed, the experimental data obtained by each test driver was averaged, and the invalid sample size was eliminated, and finally a total of 43 groups of valid experimental samples were obtained.
  • the driver's average speed and average apparent distance are used as characteristic values for analysis.
  • the Sigmoid function model is used to calculate and fit the data of multiple sets of D and L, and the relationship model formula of D and L is obtained as follows:
  • D is the visual recognition distance
  • L is the road brightness of the bridge section.
  • the parking visual distances of 75m, 110m and 160m corresponding to the design speeds of 60km/h, 80km/h and 100km/h are substituted into the models (1) to (4) to obtain the bridge-tunnel phase
  • the brightness threshold under different color temperature light source conditions is shown in Table 1.
  • At least one of the multiple groups of low-level lighting lamps or at least one pair of preset color temperature and color rendering index in the low-level lighting lamp group may be selected .
  • such selection is based on driver safety vision requirements.
  • the driver's safety visual recognition requirements may be determined at least in part according to road lighting standards, such as national standards, such as requirements related to road lighting quality in "Technical Conditions for Highway Lighting” (GB/T 24969-2010), brightness Should be greater than or equal to 2cd/m 2 .
  • road lighting standards such as national standards, such as requirements related to road lighting quality in "Technical Conditions for Highway Lighting” (GB/T 24969-2010), brightness Should be greater than or equal to 2cd/m 2 .
  • the driver's safety visual recognition requirement may also be a standard that still has a certain brightness margin under the condition that the above-mentioned national standard is met, for example, in a turning or dangerous area.
  • the driver's safety vision requirements may also take into account the speed limit of the road.
  • such selection is also based on the principle of energy minimization.
  • such selection is based on driver safety vision requirements and energy minimization principles.

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Abstract

本发明公开了道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法，包括：选择多组具有预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯，或者，选择可以设置多对预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯组；利用所述多组低位照明灯的每一组或所述低位照明灯组的每一对预设色温和显色指数，在预定的不同亮度水平和预定的不同运行速度下，动态视认目标物；利用所获得的样本拟合视认距离和亮度的关系模型；基于所拟合的关系模型，选定所述多组低位照明灯中的至少一组或者选定所述低位照明灯组中的至少一对预设色温和显色指数。本发明还公开了道路低位照明灯的安装方法以及安装有低位照明灯的道路。本发明克服了现有低位照明灯设计中在光源特性指标、安装高度及配光方面存在的问题。

Description

一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法
本公开要求于2020年09月25日提交的中国专利申请202011020934.3的优先权，其全部内容通过援引加入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及道路照明技术领域，尤其是涉及道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法以及道路低位照明灯的安装方法。此外，本申请还涉及利用该安装方法对低位照明灯进行安装的道路。
背景技术
道路照明的目的是为夜间道路安全运行营造良好的光环境，满足驾驶员从交通环境中迅速获取行车安全重要信息的需求，防止因视觉信息不足而引发交通事故。
现阶段，道路系统中的高架桥、桥隧相连桥梁、隧道出入口引道、自救匝道等的照明一般是在10～15m高的灯杆上布置多个或单个大功率照明光源。然而，这种照明方式存在以下技术缺陷：1)造价高；2)光污染严重；3)光利用率低；4)养护维修困难。
为解决上述缺陷，国内外学者提出了低位照明灯技术。目前，低位照明灯设计仍存在一些交通安全风险：1)光源特性指标：低位照明灯设计主要考虑亮度和均匀度，缺乏对光源特性指标的考虑，而且低位照明灯的设计标准被机械地应用于几乎所有的道路，而未能考虑道路的特殊性进行适应性的安装；2)安装高度：存在安装高度偏高，导致低位照明灯发出的光线与驾驶员视野范围重合产生行车眩光。3)配光：常用的配光型式为垂直照射路面，此种配光会导致左右两侧的行车道路面亮度不均匀，伴有暗斑产生，同时由于光线与驾驶员视野交叉，眩光问题不可避免。由于上述问题的存在，使得低位照明灯在使用过程中无法很好地满足驾驶员夜间驾驶安全视认需求，降低了夜间道路运行 的安全服务水平。
中国专利文献CN205592812U公开了低位照明灯的色温、安装高度和纵向安装距离等参数，但是对低位照明灯技术参数缺乏合理的测算方法，使得低位照明灯在使用过程中可能会对夜间行车带来安全隐患。为使低位照明灯技术满足驾驶员夜间驾驶视认需求，需要寻求一种低位照明灯技术参数的测算方法，以期为低位照明灯针对不同道路的适应性配置和安装提供支撑。
本背景技术描述的内容仅为了便于了解本领域的相关技术，不视作对现有技术的承认。
发明内容
因此，本发明实施例意图提供一种满足驾驶员安全视认需求的低位照明灯参数的测算方法，其解决了现有低位照明灯设计中在光源特性指标、安装高度及配光方面存在的问题。
在本发明的实施例中，提供一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法，包括：
S101：选择多组具有预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯，或者，选择可以设置多对预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯组；
S102：利用所述多组低位照明灯的每一组或所述低位照明灯组的每一对预设色温和显色指数，在预定的不同亮度水平和预定的不同运行速度下，动态视认目标物。
所述步骤S102包括如下子步骤：
S201：在动态实验道路中搭建用于动态视认的光环境，随机放置所述第一目标物；
S202：在预设色温和显色指数下，调节低位照明灯至预定的亮度水平；
S203：安装机动车的速度检测装置，例如非接触速度仪，被试驾驶员与实验操作员上车，为驾驶员佩戴眼动仪；
S204：驾驶员以预定的运行速度驾驶机动车、优选小客车对第一目标物进行视认，实验操作员根据视认状况，标记被试驾驶员看到第一目标物时机动车的位置与机动车经过第一目标物的位置，以获得视认距离；
S205：调节亮度水平，重复步骤S204，从而在该预设色温和显色指数以及该运行速度下，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同亮度水平的动态视认；
S206：调节至下一对预设色温和显色指数，重复步骤S205，完成该驾驶员在该运行速度下的不同的光源照明环境的动态视认；
S207：驾驶员更换运行速度，重复步骤S204至S206，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同运行速度与不同的光源照明环境下的动态实验，并更换驾驶员；
S208：重复步骤S203至S207直到所有被试驾驶员完成所述动态视认，以获得动态视认样本；
S103：利用所获得的样本拟合视认距离和亮度的关系模型；
S104：基于所拟合的关系模型，选定所述多组低位照明灯中的至少一组或者选定所述低位照明灯组中的至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
借助于本发明实施例所述的动态视认和拟合，能够非常有利于克服现有低位照明灯设计中在光源特性指标、安装高度及配光方面存在的问题。特别有利的是，本发明实施例能够针对不同的道路以及道路的不同区段适应性地配置的相关参数。
在一些实施例中，所述步骤S101包括光源特性指标的静态视认。所述静态视认包括：
S301：在静态实验道路中搭建用于静态视认的光环境，随机放置第二目标物；
S302：调节光源至预设的色温和显色指数；
S303：例如由低到高或由高到低调节亮度水平，多名驾驶员在距所述第二目标物第一视距位置处分别对第二目标物进行视认，记录所述多名驾驶员的静 态视认结果；
S304：在同一对色温和显色指数下，变换至第二视距位置，重复步骤S303；
S305：调节至下一对色温和显色指数，重复步骤S303和S304；
S306：重复步骤S302至S305，以获得不同色温和/或显色指数与不同亮度的静态标定状态的关系曲线。
可选地，所述步骤S101还包括基于静态标定状态的关系曲线的预验证所述预设色温和显色指数。
借助于本发明实施例的静态视认，能够进一步有利于克服现有低位照明灯设计中在光源特性指标、安装高度及配光方面存在的问题。
在一些实施例中，所述步骤S103，包括：
a)针对同一对色温和显色指数获取的多个样本的视认距离和相应的亮度，利用Sigmoid函数模型对所述多个样本的视认距离和相应的亮度进行计算拟合。
在一些实施例中，所述步骤S104，包括：
b)基于驾驶员安全视认需求，选定所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
在一些实施例中，所述步骤b)，包括：
S401：选择驾驶员安全视认需求的所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数；
S402：确定驾驶员安全视认需求所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数在道路安装状态下的能量消耗；
S403：选定能量消耗最小化的所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
该实施例具有特别有利的效果，例如能够针对不同的道路选择具有既满足驾驶员视认要求，又能够获得更优的环保效果。
在本发明的实施例中，一种道路低位照明灯的安装方法，包括：
选择根据本发明任一实施例的测算方法所确定的多个低位照明灯；
将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧。
在一些实施例中，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
在道路两侧安装双波形或三波形护栏；
在双波形护栏的凹槽中或在三波形护栏的上部凹槽中沿道路方向间隔布置所述多个低位照明灯。
优选地，所述低位照明灯的安装高度在55至85cm的范围内。
优选地，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm或80cm。
更优选地，对于双波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm；对于三波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为80cm。
在一些实施例中，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
沿车辆行进方向以光源峰值线在行车道中心线的照射方式，安装所述多个低位照明灯；
优选地，道路左侧的低位照明灯的横向投射角为40°～45°，优选为42.15°；纵向投射角为26°～31°，优选为28.54°。
优选地，道路右侧的低位灯的横向投射角为8°～13°，优选为10.38°，纵向投射角为27°～32°，优选为29.24°。
在一些实施例中，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
针对平直线路段，在车辆行进方向上，以固定的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯；
针对有坡度路段以逐渐变化的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯。
这提供了改善的驾驶者的行驶体验。
在本发明的实施例中，提供一种道路，具有多个低位照明灯，所述多个低位照明灯按照根据本发明任一实施例所述的道路低位照明灯的安装方法所安装。
本发明实施例的可选特征和其他效果一部分在下文描述，一部分可通过阅 读本文而明白。
附图说明
以下，结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例，所示出的元件不受附图所显示的比例限制且附图中相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或类似的元件，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的测算方法的第一示例性流程图；
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的测算方法的第二示例性流程图；
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的测算方法的第三示例性流程图；
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的测算方法的第四示例性流程图；
图5示出了根据本发明实例的道路安装方法的第一示意图，示出了在双波形护栏中安装低位照明灯；
图6示出了根据本发明实例的道路安装方法的第二示意图，示出了在三波形护栏中安装低位照明灯；
图7示出了根据本发明实例的道路安装方法的第三示意图，示出了在左侧护栏中安装低位照明灯；
图8示出了根据本发明实例的道路安装方法的第三示意图，示出了在右侧护栏中安装低位照明灯。
图9示出了根据本发明实施例的色温与亮度需求的相关关系图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合具体实施方式和附图，对本发明做进一步详细说明。在此，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明用于解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
如图1所示，示出了根据本发明实施例的一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法。所述方法包括如下步骤S101至S104。
S101：选择多组具有预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯，或者，选择可以 设置多对预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯组。
S102：利用所述多组低位照明灯的每一组或所述低位照明灯组的每一对预设色温和显色指数，在预定的不同亮度水平和预定的不同运行速度下，动态视认目标物。
如图2所示，在本发明的实施例中，所述步骤S102可以包括如下子步骤S201至S208。
S201：在动态实验道路中搭建用于动态视认的光环境，随机放置所述第一目标物；
S202：在预设色温和显色指数下，调节低位照明灯至预定的亮度水平；
S203：安装机动车的速度检测装置，例如非接触速度仪，被试驾驶员与实验操作员上车，为驾驶员佩戴眼动仪；
S204：驾驶员以预定的运行速度驾驶机动车、优选小客车对第一目标物进行视认，实验操作员根据视认状况，标记被试驾驶员看到第一目标物时机动车的位置与机动车经过第一目标物的位置，以获得视认距离；
S205：调节亮度水平，重复步骤S204，从而在该预设色温和显色指数以及该运行速度下，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同亮度水平的动态视认；
S206：调节至下一对预设色温和显色指数，重复步骤S205，完成该驾驶员在该运行速度下的不同的光源照明环境的动态视认；
S207：驾驶员更换运行速度，重复步骤S204至S206，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同运行速度与不同的光源照明环境下的动态实验，并更换驾驶员；
S208：重复步骤S203至S207直到所有被试驾驶员完成所述动态视认，以获得动态视认样本。
S103：利用所获得的样本拟合视认距离(D)和亮度(L)的关系模型。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述步骤S103，包括：
a)针对同一对色温和显色指数获取的多个样本的视认距离(D)和相应的亮度(L)，利用Sigmoid函数模型对所述多个样本的视认距离(D)和相应的亮度(L)进行计算拟合。
S104：基于所拟合的关系模型，选定所述多组低位照明灯中的至少一组或者选定所述低位照明灯组中的至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述步骤S104，包括：
b)基于驾驶员安全视认需求，选定所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
在本发明的实施例中，如图4所示，所述步骤b)，包括：
S401：选择驾驶员安全视认需求的所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数；
S402：确定驾驶员安全视认需求所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数在道路安装状态下的能量消耗；
S403：选定能量消耗最小化的所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
在本发明的实施例中，所述步骤S101包括光源特性指标的静态视认。
如图3所示，在根据本发明的实施例中，所述步骤S101包括步骤S301至S306。
S301：在静态实验道路中搭建用于静态视认的光环境，随机放置第二目标物；
S302：调节光源至预设的色温和显色指数；
S303：例如由低到高或由高到低调节亮度水平，多名驾驶员在距所述第二目标物第一视距位置处分别对第二目标物进行视认，记录所述多名驾驶员的静态视认结果；
S304：在同一对色温和显色指数下，变换至第二视距位置，重复步骤S303；
S305：调节至下一对色温和显色指数，重复步骤S303和S304；
S306：重复步骤S302至S305，以获得不同色温和/或显色指数与不同亮度的静态标定状态的关系曲线。
可选地，所述步骤S101还包括基于静态标定状态的关系曲线的预验证所述预设色温和显色指数。
进一步地，在本发明的一些实施例中，提供一种道路低位照明灯的安装方法，包括：
c)选择根据本发明的任一实施例的测算方法所确定的多个低位照明灯。
d)将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧。
在进一步实施例中，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
在道路两侧安装双波形或三波形护栏。
在双波形护栏的凹槽中或在三波形护栏的上部凹槽中沿道路方向间隔布置所述多个低位照明灯。
如图5所示，低位照明灯510被安装在双波形护栏520的凹槽中。
如图6所示，低位照明灯610被安装三波形护栏620的上部凹槽中。
尽管未示出，在一些实施例中，低位照明灯可以被安装在水泥混凝土护栏的内侧。
在优选地，所述低位照明灯的安装高度在55至85cm的范围内，优选地，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm或80cm。
更优选地，对于双波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm。
更优选地，对于三波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为80cm。
在一些实施例中，如图7和图8所示，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
沿车辆行进方向以光源峰值线在行车道中心线的照射方式，安装所述多个低位照明灯。
在一些实施例中，所述左侧和右侧低位照明灯的照射角度是不同的，其中左侧照射角度大于右侧照射角度(横向和/或纵向)；
优选地，如图7所示，道路左侧的低位照明灯的横向投射角为40°～45°，优选为42.15°，纵向投射角为26°～31°，优选为28.54°；如图8所示，道路右侧的低位灯的横向投射角为8°～13°，优选为10.38°，纵向投射角为27°～32°，优选为29.24°。
在一些实施例中，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
针对平直线路段，在车辆行进方向上，以固定的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯；
针对有坡度路段以逐渐变化的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯。
在一些实施例中，提供一种道路，其特征在于，具有多个低位照明灯，所述多个低位照明灯按照根据本发明任一实施例的道路低位照明灯的安装方法所安装。
以下描述实施本发明实施例的多个示例性实例。各实例中的特征可以与本发明各个实施例相结合以获得新的发明。
实例1 光源特性指标的静态视认
在一个实例中，为明确低位照明灯色温及显色指数和亮度对驾驶员视认的影响，进行如下实验：
1.实验简述
通过不同色温及显色指数和光强营造的光环境质量下驾驶员对目标物的视认实验。
在该实例中描述了，采集不同色温、一定显色指数条件下，不同安全停车视距处，驾驶员视认目标物所需要的路面亮度数据，分析驾驶员在不同光源色温条件下对目标物辨识的亮度需求，研究驾驶员在不同光源色温条件下目标物的视认规律，分析低位照明灯对驾驶视认的影响。但可以想到的是，可以在另外的显色指数下重复所述实例的实验。
2.实验对象
根据实验目的，采用现场随机抽样方法，抽取身体健康的12名驾驶员进行静态视认实验，要求被试驾驶员实验前无饮酒、用药等情况，休息良好、反应正常，被试驾驶员两眼裸视力达到视力表4.9以上，无色盲、色弱等眼部疾病。由于小客车驾驶员目高低于大货车，视野开阔程度较低，相同照明光环境下对目标物的视认更加困难。为保障实验数据的有效性，按最不利原则，选取典型小客车作为实验车型。
3.实验参数选取
为了使照明光源可控，方便实验操作，本次实验选择目前道路照明中应用较普遍的LED光源作为实验光源。为了提高实验数据的有效性和覆盖面的普遍性以及市场生产的可能性，本次实验光源的色温选取了3000K、4000K、5000K和5700K四种色温水平作为实验代表光源，结合道路交通的照明标准，本次实验选取的亮度水平为0～5cd/m 2。实验分别在60km/h和80km/h的设计速度下对应停车视距分别为75m和110m条件下进行。
4.实验场地简介
实验场地按照实际桥隧相接路段分离式路基半幅路进行搭建，实验道路长50m，宽10m，双车道、直线形、水泥混凝土路面，道路两侧设置木质护栏按照实际水泥混凝土护栏尺寸1：1进行搭建。
5.实验步骤
(1)搭建实验所需均匀的光环境条件，确保路面不存在暗斑，随机放置 目标物；
(2)调节光源到预设的色温水平；
(3)由低到高调节亮度值，12名驾驶员在距目标物同一个停车视距位置处分别对目标物进行视认，记录此时12名驾驶员的综合视认结果；
(4)在同一色温水平下，变换停车视距，重复步骤(3)；
(5)调节下一组色温，重复步骤(3)和(4)；
(6)重复步骤(2)～(5)至实验结束。
6.静态标定状态的关系曲线
对实验数据进行整理、分析，剔除无效样本量，最终得到驾驶员夜间桥梁照明视认结果的有效实验样本量共240组。将同一色温、视认距离条件下驾驶员视认结果相同的亮度值进行平均，共得到20组有效数据。通过对最终有效数据的整理分析，得到同一视认结果下色温与亮度需求的相关关系，如图9所示。
分析图9可知，在相同视认距离与视认结果条件下，随着色温的升高，驾驶员达到相同视认结果的亮度需求增大。色温在3000K～4000K时，视认所需亮度水平变化不大；色温大于4000K时，视认所需亮度水平增加明显。
在该实例中，显色指数为70。但可以在完成显色指数为70下的不同色温的实验后，在其他的显色指数下进行试验，并获得相应的关系曲线。
在该实例中，可以在进行静态视认的实验后预先验证可用于进行动态视认的色温和显色指数及其与亮度的关系。
实例2光源特性指标的视认实验
1.实验简述
在该实例中，通过动态实验，测试在桥梁照明不同光源环境条件下，驾驶员对特定目标物的视认情况。建立在不同运行速度下，驾驶员对桥梁路面上的目标物的视认距离与夜间路面亮度的关系模型，同时将不同设计速度代入模型计算满足不同停车视距下的视认距离所对应的最小亮度即亮度阈值，得到不同光源条件下驾驶员在夜间桥梁段对照明亮度的需求阈值；结合静态实验结论，最终得出桥梁低位照明灯的最佳色温和显色指数以及对应的亮度需求阈值。
2.实验对象
现阶段，国内外对视觉认知实验试驾驶员测试数量尚未提出成型理论，一 般采用4～8名驾驶员实验。现场随机抽取6名身体健康、驾车技术熟练的驾驶员进行实验。
3.实验参数选取
考虑工程实用性，实验选取光源显色指数70。根据实验条件，色温选取3000K、4000K、5000K、6000K四种色温水平。考虑实验设置的路面亮度值的全面性及有效性，桥梁路面亮度选取0～2.5cd/m 2进行实验。被试驾驶员分别用60km/h、80km/h和100km/h三种速度驾车行驶，驾驶过程中对道路上的目标物进行辨识。
4.实验场地简介
本实验在天气晴朗、能见度良好、自由流条件下进行。选取青海省G310循化至隆务峡高速公路右线公伯岭一号大桥为实验路段，桥长165m，线形为直线，桥梁分别与古什群隧道出口和公伯岭一号隧道入口相接，桥梁路面为沥青混凝土路面，桥梁护栏为水泥混凝土护栏。
5.实验步骤
(1)搭建实验所需的亮度及均匀的光环境条件，确保路面不存在暗斑，随机放置目标物；
(2)调节光源到预设的色温及显色指数与亮度水平；
(3)安装机动车非接触速度仪，被试驾驶员与实验操作员上车，为驾驶员佩戴眼动仪；
(4)驾驶员以特定速度驾驶车辆对目标物进行视认，实验人员根据视认状况采用非接触速度仪对被试驾驶员看到目标物时车辆的位置与车辆进过目标物的位置进行打点标记；
(5)根据视认情况调整亮度水平，重复步骤(4)，完成该驾驶员在该速度和该光源色温下不同照明亮度水平的实验；
(6)调节光源到下一组特定色温及显色指数水平，重复步骤(5)，完成该驾驶员在该速度下不同光源照明环境的实验；
(7)驾驶员更换运行速度，重复步骤(4)～(6)，完成该驾驶员在不同速度与不同光源照明环境下的实验后更换驾驶员；
(8)重复步骤(3)～(7)直到所有被试驾驶员完成视认实验，结束实验。
在本实例中，可以在步骤(6)中先采用一定的显色指数，并调节各色温；但也可以反过来。
6.路段安全视认距离与照明亮度的拟合及需求阈值的确认
对实验数据进行归类、整理及分析，将每位测试驾驶员所得到的实验数据进行平均，剔除无效样本量，最终得到驾驶员视认结果的有效实验样本量共43组。以驾驶员平均速度及平均视认距离为特征值进行分析。通过对数据进行分析可知，桥梁路面亮度在一定范围时，驾驶员对目标物的视认距离与路面亮度成正相关关系，即随着路面亮度的增高，视认距离逐渐增大；同一亮度条件下，随着色温的增高，视认距离成逐步减小趋势。
根据获取的多组视认距离D和相应的亮度L，利用Sigmoid函数模型对多组D与L的数据进行计算拟合，求得D与L的关系模型公式如下：
①人造光源类型(色温，显色指数)(3000K，70)
Figure PCTCN2021118727-appb-000001
模型适用范围：D∈[45.08，184.41]，L∈[0.000，1.490]。
②人造光源类型(色温，显色指数)(4000K，70)
Figure PCTCN2021118727-appb-000002
模型适用范围：D∈[74.94，150.49]，L∈[0.000，1.185]。
③人造光源类型(色温，显色指数)(5000K，70)
Figure PCTCN2021118727-appb-000003
模型适用范围：D∈[54.42，165.17]，L∈[0.000，2.552]。
④人造光源类型(色温，显色指数)(6000K，70)
Figure PCTCN2021118727-appb-000004
模型适用范围：D∈[33.3，136.3]，L∈[0.000，2.695]。
式中：D为视认距离，L为桥梁段路面亮度。
根据建立的视认距离与亮度的模型，将设计速度60km/h、80km/h和100km/h对应的停车视距75m、110m和160m代入模型(1)～(4)中，得到桥隧相接路段自由流条件下，在一定的显色指数下，在不同色温光源条件下的 亮度阈值，如表1所示。
表1 夜间桥梁段亮度阈值
Figure PCTCN2021118727-appb-000005
在该实例中，仅示出了显色指数为70，在不同色温、不同行驶速度下的亮度阈值。但可以在完成显色指数为70下的不同色温的实验后，在其他的显色指数下进行试验，并获得相应的关系曲线。
不作为限制地，夜间桥隧相接路段在同一路面亮度条件下，桥梁低位照明光源色温越低越利于驾驶员进行辨识。
在一些实施例中，可以基于所拟合的关系模型，选定所述多组低位照明灯中的至少一组或者选定所述低位照明灯组中的至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
在一些实施例中，这样的选择基于驾驶员安全视认需求。
在一些实施例中，驾驶员安全视认需求可以至少部分地根据道路照明标准确定，例如国家标准、如《公路照明技术条件》(GB/T 24969-2010)中对公路照明质量相关要求，亮度应大于等于2cd/m 2。在一些实施例中，驾驶员安全视认需求还可以是满足上述国家标准条件下，仍具有一定的亮度余量的标准，例如在转弯或危险地带。
在一些实施例中，驾驶员安全视认需求还可考虑道路的限速情况。
在一些实施例中，这样的选择还基于能量最小化原则。
在一些实施例中，这样的选择基于驾驶员安全视认需求和能量最小化原则。
例如，针对道路不同位置或不同道路，基于道路的限速，由所述拟合曲线选取能满足驾驶员安全视认需求且使得道路照明所用能量最小化的低位照明灯或预设色温和显色指数。
除非明确指出，根据本发明实施例记载的方法、程序的动作或步骤并不必须按照特定的顺序来执行并且仍然可以实现期望的结果。在某些实施方式中，多任务处理和并行处理也是可以的或者可能是有利的。
在本文中，针对本发明的多个实施例进行了描述，但为简明起见，各实施例的描述并不是详尽的，各个实施例之间相同或相似的特征或部分可能会被省略。在本文中，“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”意指适用于根据本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中，而非所有实施例。上述术语并不必然意味着指代相同的实施例或示例。在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
已参考上述实施例具体示出并描述了本发明的示例性系统及方法，其仅为实施本系统及方法的最佳模式的示例。本领域的技术人员可以理解的是可以在实施本系统及/或方法时对这里描述的系统及方法的实施例做各种改变而不脱离界定在所附权利要求中的本发明的精神及范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种道路低位照明灯参数的测算方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S101：选择多组具有预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯，或者，选择可以设置多对预设色温和显色指数的低位照明灯组；
    S102：利用所述多组低位照明灯的每一组或所述低位照明灯组的每一对预设色温和显色指数，在预定的不同亮度水平和预定的不同运行速度下，动态视认目标物，包括：
    S201：在动态实验道路中搭建用于动态视认的光环境，随机放置所述第一目标物；
    S202：在预设色温和显色指数下，调节低位照明灯至预定的亮度水平；
    S203：安装机动车的速度检测装置，例如非接触速度仪，被试驾驶员与实验操作员上车，为驾驶员佩戴眼动仪；
    S204：驾驶员以预定的运行速度驾驶机动车、优选小客车对第一目标物进行视认，实验操作员根据视认状况，标记被试驾驶员看到第一目标物时机动车的位置与机动车经过第一目标物的位置，以获得视认距离；
    S205：调节亮度水平，重复步骤S204，从而在该预设色温和显色指数以及该运行速度下，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同亮度水平的动态视认；
    S206：调节至下一对预设色温和显色指数，重复步骤S205，完成该驾驶员在该运行速度下的不同的光源照明环境的动态视认；
    S207：驾驶员更换运行速度，重复步骤S204至S206，完成该驾驶员在预定的不同运行速度与不同的光源照明环境下的动态实验，并更换驾驶员；以及
    S208：重复步骤S203至S207直到所有被试驾驶员完成所述动态视认，以获得动态视认样本；
    S103：利用所获得的样本拟合视认距离(D)和亮度(L)的关系模型；以及
    S104：基于所拟合的关系模型，选定所述多组低位照明灯中的至少一组或 者选定所述低位照明灯组中的至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的测算方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S101包括光源特性指标的静态视认，包括：
    S301：在静态实验道路中搭建用于静态视认的光环境，随机放置第二目标物；
    S302：调节光源至预设的色温和显色指数；
    S303：例如由低到高或由高到低调节亮度水平，多名驾驶员在距所述第二目标物第一视距位置处分别对第二目标物进行视认，记录所述多名驾驶员的静态视认结果；
    S304：在同一对色温和显色指数下，变换至第二视距位置，重复步骤S303；
    S305：调节至下一对色温和显色指数，重复步骤S303和S304；
    S306：重复步骤S302至S305，以获得不同色温和/或显色指数与不同亮度的静态标定状态的关系曲线；
    可选地，所述步骤S101还包括基于静态标定状态的关系曲线的预验证所述预设色温和显色指数。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的测算方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S103，包括：
    a)针对同一对色温和显色指数获取的多个样本的视认距离(D)和相应的亮度(L)，利用Sigmoid函数模型对所述多个样本的视认距离(D)和相应的亮度(L)进行计算拟合。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的测算方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S104，包括：
    b)基于满足驾驶员安全视认需求，选定所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显色指数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的测算方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b)，包括：
    S401：选择满足驾驶员安全视认需求的所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数；
    S402：确定满足驾驶员安全视认需求所述低位照明灯或所述低位照明灯的预设色温和显色指数在道路安装状态下的能量消耗；
    S403：选定能量消耗最小化的所述至少一组或所述至少一对预设色温和显 色指数。
  6. 一种道路低位照明灯的安装方法，其特征在于，包括：
    选择根据权利要求1至5中任一项的测算方法所确定的多个低位照明灯；
    将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
    在道路两侧安装双波形或三波形护栏；
    在双波形护栏的凹槽中或在三波形护栏的上部凹槽中沿道路方向间隔布置所述多个低位照明灯；
    优选地，所述低位照明灯的安装高度在55至85cm的范围内，优选地，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm或80cm，更优选地，针对平直线路段，对于双波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为60cm；对于三波形护栏，低位照明灯的安装高度为80cm。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
    沿车辆行进方向以光源峰值线在行车道中心线的照射方式，安装所述多个低位照明灯；
    优选地，道路左侧的低位照明灯的横向投射角为40°～45°，优选为42.15°，纵向投射角为26°～31°，优选为28.54°；道路右侧的低位灯的横向投射角为8°～13°，优选为10.38°，纵向投射角为27°～32°，优选为29.24°。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的安装方法，其特征在于，所述将所述多个低位照明灯安装在道路两侧，包括：
    针对平直线路段，在车辆行进方向上，以固定的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯；
    针对有坡度的路段以逐渐变化的安装高度安装所述多个低位照明灯。
  10. 一种道路，其特征在于，具有多个低位照明灯，所述多个低位照明灯按照根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的道路低位照明灯的安装方法所安装。
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