WO2022062180A1 - 一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸 - Google Patents

一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸 Download PDF

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WO2022062180A1
WO2022062180A1 PCT/CN2020/133802 CN2020133802W WO2022062180A1 WO 2022062180 A1 WO2022062180 A1 WO 2022062180A1 CN 2020133802 W CN2020133802 W CN 2020133802W WO 2022062180 A1 WO2022062180 A1 WO 2022062180A1
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Prior art keywords
cylinder
oil
piston rod
piston
cavity
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PCT/CN2020/133802
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘朋
陈登民
刘庆教
张虹源
陈向兵
翟新颖
汤宝石
金全明
张靖靖
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徐州徐工液压件有限公司
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Publication of WO2022062180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062180A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • B66C23/705—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic telescoped by hydraulic jacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F15B15/1452—Piston sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1471—Guiding means other than in the end cap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/149—Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/16—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type of the telescopic type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of hydraulic equipment, in particular to a single-drive telescopic hydraulic cylinder based on a coreless tube.
  • Single-cylinder bolt-type telescopic oil cylinders are generally used in truck cranes and all-terrain cranes above 100 tons, and are suitable for mobile cranes for large-scale hoisting projects.
  • the single-cylinder bolt-type telescopic boom crane is one of the large-tonnage cranes. There is only one telescopic cylinder in the telescopic boom.
  • the front end of the telescopic cylinder is provided with a single-cylinder bolt-cylinder arm-pin interlock structure, which is driven by the telescopic cylinder.
  • the oil supply method adopts the power source to drive the pressure through the mobile core tube built in the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder, the cylinder arm pin interlock structure and the telescopic oil cylinder Independent.
  • the boom sections of each boom are usually large, and the telescopic boom is relatively long.
  • the telescopic oil cylinder is usually large in size, the cylinder cylinder piston rod has a large section, and the internal space of the piston rod is relatively sufficient.
  • the telescopic oil cylinder can supply oil to the piston rod earring through the power source of the hydraulic system, and the oil can drive the single-cylinder bolt through the built-in live oil pipe of the piston rod to realize the interlocking action of the cylinder arm pin.
  • the piston rod of this structure has a built-in movable oil pipe.
  • the system In addition to the movable oil pipe inside the piston rod, in order to ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic cylinder, the system requires many oil circuits. At least 4 oil pipes need to be welded inside the piston rod to realize the large cavity and small size of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the pressure drive of the interlocking structure of the cavity and the cylinder arm pin has high requirements on reliability and welding performance due to the large number of core tubes, the heavy weight of the piston rod, the high processing difficulty and the high cost.
  • the present invention provides a single-drive telescopic hydraulic cylinder based on a coreless tube.
  • a single-drive telescopic hydraulic cylinder based on a coreless tube comprising a cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a piston gland, a guide sleeve and a cylinder arm pin interlocking structure; the gland is installed on the cylinder barrel the front end; the piston is installed on the inner end of the piston rod, and the outer end of the piston rod passes through the gland; the front end of the cylinder barrel is installed with a cylinder arm pin interlocking structure;
  • the outer end of the piston rod is provided with a rodless chamber oil port A and a rodless chamber oil port B, and an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe are installed in the piston rod; the oil inlet pipe is connected to the rodless chamber oil port A and the rodless chamber, and returns The oil pipe is connected with the rod cavity oil port B and the rod cavity;
  • An oil-passing pipe seat is installed at the bottom of the cylinder barrel, and an oil passage that communicates with the rodless cavity is opened in the oil-passing pipe base;
  • a valve bracket is installed outside the cylinder barrel, and a control valve for controlling the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin is installed on the valve bracket; the A port of the control valve is connected to the outer oil pipe, and the B port of the control valve is connected to the Front chamber oil pipe joint.
  • the bottom of the cylinder barrel is provided with a mounting hole, and the cylindrical platform on the oil-passing pipe seat is inserted into the mounting hole at the bottom of the cylinder barrel; Connect to the bottom of the cylinder through screws.
  • the piston is installed on the step of the inner end of the piston rod, and the inner end of the piston rod is installed with a nut pressed against the inner end of the piston; the inner wall of the radial outer cylinder of the piston is in contact with each other; the outer circumference of the piston is distributed with a sealing groove, and the piston sealing groove Install the double Y ring, the Gree ring, the support ring and the antifouling ring respectively in the middle.
  • the support ring adopts a metal base, and a composite material is added.
  • An upper guide bracket is installed on the upper side of the rear end of the cylinder barrel, and the front end of the upper guide bracket adopts an inclination transition structure
  • the left and right sides of the rear end of the cylinder are installed with horizontally symmetrical left and right guide blocks;
  • the left and right guide blocks are V-shaped, and the upper A guide section and a rail entry section are arranged in the axial direction, the guide section is on the upper side close to the bottom of the cylinder barrel and the upper guide bracket, and the rail entry section is away from the guide section;
  • the left and right sides of the cylinder are also installed with horizontally symmetrical left slideway components and right slideway components;
  • the lower side of the rear end of the cylinder is provided with a front slider A, a front slider B, and a front slider C;
  • the front slider A is arranged obliquely to guide the oil cylinder to climb up into the track;
  • the front slider B is arranged horizontally and is in the When the oil cylinder runs stably, the front slider B pulls the oil cylinder to run in the track.
  • the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin is axially connected with the front end of the cylinder barrel by screws, and the inner wall of the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin is radially fixed with the outer circle stop of the front end of the cylinder barrel, and is sealed front and rear through the O ring;
  • the inner side of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure is provided with a spacer, a guide sleeve and the gland;
  • the inner wall of the spacer is matched with the piston rod, and the outer wall of the spacer has a step that is matched with the inner side of the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin;
  • the inner wall of the guide sleeve is matched with the piston rod, and the guide sleeve is pressed against the outer end of the spacer sleeve;
  • the gland is fixed on the inner side of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure, and the gland is pressed against the outer end of the guide sleeve;
  • the spacer sleeve, guide sleeve and inner side of the gland adopt the sealing structure of F4 bronze belt + oil-free bearing + special seal + shaft seal + dustproof.
  • the right end face of the piston is milled with four countersunk openings that communicate with the inner end of the oil return pipe, and the left end of the spacer sleeve has a large inclination structure; the inner end of the front cavity oil pipe joint is opposite to the large inclination structure of the left end of the spacer sleeve.
  • the oil supply form of the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin has been changed.
  • the original oil supply form only supplies oil from the rodless cavity of the telescopic cylinder, and the current oil supply form is the oil supply from the rod cavity and the rodless cavity.
  • the piston rod does not need a built-in core tube to move relative to the piston rod, which increases the internal space of the piston rod, and does not require complex structural design inside the piston rod.
  • the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin is in direct contact with the pressure chamber of the telescopic cylinder, and the interlocking structure of the cylinder arm pin can be realized.
  • the pressure drive; the single-cylinder latch structure can be driven inside the hydraulic cylinder with smaller cylinder diameter and rod diameter;
  • the climbing structure of the slideway is simple and reliable, and the guide of the rail entry is strong; the sealing combination technology of the outer circle of the piston can solve the leakage problem during the operation of the telescopic cylinder and maintain the stability of the operation;
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the top view of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the working principle diagram of the present invention.
  • a single-drive telescopic hydraulic cylinder based on a coreless tube the gland 15 is installed at the front end of the cylinder 4; the piston 3 is installed at the inner end of the piston rod 5, and the outer end of the piston rod 5 passes through the pressure Cover 15; cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12 is installed at the front end of cylinder barrel 4.
  • the outer end of the piston rod 5 is provided with a rodless cavity oil port A and a rod cavity oil port B, and an oil inlet pipe 5-1 and an oil return pipe 5-2 are installed in the piston rod 5; the oil inlet pipe 5-1 is connected to the rodless cavity oil port A and the rodless cavity, the oil return pipe 5-2 is connected with the rod cavity oil port B and the rod cavity, and the right end face of the piston 3 is milled with 4 countersinks that communicate with the inner end of the oil return pipe 5-2.
  • the piston 3 is installed on the step at the inner end of the piston rod 5, and the inner end of the piston rod 5 is installed with a nut 2 pressed against the inner end of the piston 3 for fixing the piston.
  • the radially outer cylinder 4 of the piston 3 is in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder 4; the outer circumference of the piston 3 is distributed with sealing grooves, and the sealing grooves of the piston 3 are respectively installed with double Y rings, Gree rings, support rings, and anti-fouling rings, and the support rings are made of metal. Plus composite materials.
  • the structure of double Y ring+Grey ring+support ring+anti-fouling ring realizes the guiding stability of the ultra-long stroke.
  • the support ring structure of metal base and composite material is adopted to effectively reduce the uneven distribution of bearing force.
  • the soft and hard piston support structure improves the support force acting on the piston. This structure can improve the fretting performance of the oil cylinder, reduce the shaking phenomenon when the system is slightly opened, and has a good dual-chamber anti-leakage function.
  • the oil pipe base 1 is provided with an oil passage communicating with the rodless cavity; an outer oil pipe 11 connected to the oil passage of the oil pipe base 1 is fixed outside the cylinder barrel 4;
  • the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12 is axially connected with the front end of the cylinder barrel 4 through screws, and the inner wall of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12 is radially fixed with the outer circle stop at the front end of the cylinder barrel 4 and is sealed front and rear through the O ring to prevent the cylinder from having a rod Oil leakage occurs in the cavity under high pressure impact.
  • the inner side of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12 is provided with a spacer 13, a guide sleeve 14 and a gland 15; steps.
  • the left end of the spacer 13 has a large inclination structure, and the inner end of the front cavity oil pipe joint 16 is opposite to the large inclination structure of the left end of the spacer 13 .
  • the large inclination space can realize the oil supply of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12 from the rod cavity of the telescopic oil cylinder and the pressure transmission to the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure when the piston rod 5 is fully extended.
  • the inner wall of the guide sleeve 14 is matched with the piston rod 5, and the guide sleeve 14 is pressed against the outer end of the spacer sleeve 13; the gland 15 is fixed on the inner side of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure 12, and the gland 15 is pressed against the outer end of the guide sleeve 14; the spacer sleeve, guide The axial end faces of the sleeve and the gland are fixed to each other.
  • the inner side of the spacer 13, guide sleeve 14 and gland 15 adopts the sealing structure of dustproof + shaft seal + step seal + oil-free bearing + F4 bronze belt, which is in sealing contact with the outer circle of the piston rod 5, thereby preventing the oil from flowing along
  • the piston rod has oil leakage from the guide sleeve.
  • a valve bracket 21 is installed outside the cylinder barrel 4, and a control valve for controlling the cylinder arm pin interlock structure 12 is installed on the valve bracket 21; the A port of the control valve is connected to the outer oil pipe 11, and the B port of the control valve is connected to the front cavity oil pipe joint 16 .
  • An upper guide bracket 20 is installed on the upper side of the rear end of the cylinder barrel 4, and the front end of the upper guide bracket 20 adopts an inclination transition structure, which can optimize the angle of the telescopic oil cylinder entering the rail, and can achieve better requirements for the inclination angle of the rail.
  • the left and right sides of the rear end of the cylinder barrel 4 are installed with horizontally symmetrical left guide slider 6 and right guide slider 7; the left guide slider 6 and the right guide slider 7 are V-shaped, and the left guide slider 6 and the right guide
  • the slider 7 is provided with a guide section and an entry rail section along the axial direction.
  • the guide section is on the upper side close to the bottom of the cylinder 4 and the upper guide bracket 20.
  • the rail entry section is away from the guide section and is located at the connecting end of the slider and the slideway assembly. It is used for the cooperation between the slider and the slide plate and the cooperation between the telescopic oil cylinder and the boom of the main engine when climbing.
  • the left and right sides of the cylinder barrel 4 are also installed with horizontally symmetrical left slideway assemblies 8 and right slideway assemblies 10; side.
  • the slideway assembly is in U-shaped contact with the boom to limit the left and right swing of the oil cylinder, which can protect the stability of the telescopic oil cylinder when it crawls in the outrigger, so that the telescopic oil cylinder can run stably and smoothly in the arm.
  • the left slideway assembly and the right slideway The middle of the component is supported by the slide bracket 9.
  • the slide bracket is connected with the slide plate left and right by screws, so that the slideways on both sides are parallel to each other, which can ensure the stability and reliability of the slideway plates on both sides of the telescopic cylinder when running in the mainframe boom. .
  • a front sliding block A17, a front sliding block B18, and a front sliding block C19 are arranged on the lower side of the rear end of the cylinder barrel 4;
  • the front slider B18 is arranged horizontally. When the cylinder runs stably, the front slider B18 pulls the oil cylinder to run in the track.
  • the oil enters the oil inlet pipe 5-1 inside the piston rod through the oil port A of the rodless cavity of the piston rod, and enters the rodless cavity of the oil cylinder through the oil inlet pipe 5-1, pushes the cylinder barrel of the oil cylinder to extend, and then drives the telescopic arms of each crane to extend;
  • the liquid reaches the rodless cavity of the oil cylinder, it reaches the oil port at the right end of the outer oil pipe through the oil-passing pipe seat and the outer oil pipe, and the oil port at the right end is connected with the control valve A port set on the valve bracket through a hose;
  • the oil enters the oil return pipe 5-2 inside the piston rod through the rod cavity oil port B of the piston rod, and reaches the right end of the piston through the oil return pipe 5-2. , and then drive each telescopic arm of the crane to retract; when the oil reaches the rod cavity of the oil cylinder, it reaches the front cavity oil pipe joint through the spacer, and the front cavity oil pipe joint is connected with the control valve B port set on the valve bracket through the hose;
  • the arm pin of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure When there is pressurized oil at port A, the arm pin of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure performs the pinning and pulling action. When there is pressure oil at port B, the cylinder pin of the cylinder arm pin interlocking structure performs the pinning and pinning action.
  • the piston rod does not have a built-in oil passage for moving relative to the piston rod, which increases the internal space of the piston rod, and does not require complex structural design inside the piston rod. Therefore, the requirements for the oil circuit of the hydraulic system are reduced, and the system does not need to provide multiple oil circuits (oil inlet and oil return), which can reduce the power source of the system and achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction; at the same time, the processing difficulty and cost of the piston rod are reduced.
  • the space occupied by the inner core tube of the piston rod is reduced, the weight is reduced, and the lightweight requirements are realized. It solves the problem that it is difficult to break through the limitation of the length of the boom due to the limitation of the arm section of the small and medium tonnage cranes, and realizes the development trend of the multi-section boom of the crane.

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Abstract

一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸。包括缸筒(4)、活塞杆(5)、活塞(3)、压盖(15)、导向套(14)和缸臂销互锁结构(12)；活塞杆(5)内安装有进油管(5-1)和回油管(5-2)；进油管(5-1)连通无杆腔油口A和无杆腔，回油管(5-2)连通有杆腔油口B和有杆腔；缸筒(4)底部安装有通油管座(1)；缸筒(4)外固定有连通通油管座(1)油道的外油管(11)；缸筒(4)前端安装有连通有杆腔的前腔油管接头(16)；缸筒(4)外安装有阀支架(21)，阀支架(21)上安装有用于控制缸臂销互锁结构(12)的控制阀；控制阀的A口连接外油(11)管，控制阀的B口连接前腔油管接头(16)。通过无需活塞杆(5)内部进行复杂的结构设计，在缸径杆径较小的液压缸内部实现驱动单缸插销结构；降低了活塞杆(5)的加工难度及成本，减小了活塞杆(5)内部芯管占用的空间，降低重量，实现轻量化要求。

Description

一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸 技术领域
本发明涉及液压设备领域，具体是一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸。
背景技术
单缸插销类伸缩油缸一般应用在百吨级以上汽车起重机及全地面起重机，适合大型吊装工程的流动式起重机。单缸插销式伸缩臂起重机是大吨位起重机中的一种，这种伸缩臂中只有一个伸缩油缸，伸缩油缸前端设置有单缸插销缸臂销互锁结构，通过伸缩油缸驱动缸臂销互锁结构，从而实现起重臂的伸缩；缩，单缸插销缸臂销互锁结构供油方式采用动力源通过伸缩油缸活塞杆内置的移动芯管进行压力驱动，缸臂销互锁结构与伸缩油缸相互独立。
大吨位起重机由于吊载重量大，通常起重臂各节吊臂截面大，伸缩臂比较长，为了满足工况需求，伸缩油缸通常体积大，缸筒活塞杆截面大，活塞杆内部空间比较充足，可内置移动活油管，伸缩油缸通过液压系统动力源实现向活塞杆耳环供油，油液通过活塞杆内置的活油管驱动单缸插销实现缸臂销互锁动作。该结构活塞杆由于内置移动活油管，活塞杆内部除了移动活油管，为保证液压油缸稳定运行，系统要求油路多，活塞杆内部至少还需焊接4根油管，实现向液压油缸大腔、小腔及缸臂销互锁结构的压力驱动，由于芯管较多，活塞杆重量重，加工难度大，成本高，该结构对可靠性及焊接性能要求高。
现有中小吨位起重机长度较百吨级以上起重机起重臂节数少，中小吨位起重机起重臂通常为五节臂结构(百吨级以上起重机起重臂通常为六节臂结构)，起重机吨位越小，起重臂截面随之减小。起重臂臂数越多，起重长度越长，吊载范围距离越远。随着起重臂的节数变多，伸缩油缸就从绳排式发展为单缸插销式，从而适应更多的起重臂节数；
但由于中小吨位起重机伸缩臂截面限制，无法满足正常单缸插销缸臂销互锁结构的供油方式，即在活塞杆内部难以排布移动芯管实现向缸臂销互锁的供油，限制了小截面起重臂多节臂的发展趋势。
发明内容
为了解决小截面起重臂的多节臂发展问题，提高整机轻量化水平，提升吊载重量及负载效率，本发明提供了一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，包括缸筒、活塞杆、活塞压盖、导向套和缸臂销互锁结构；所述压盖安装在缸筒前端；所述活塞安装在活 塞杆内端，活塞杆外端穿过压盖；所述缸筒前端安装有缸臂销互锁结构；
所述活塞杆外端开设有无杆腔油口A和有杆腔油口B，活塞杆内安装有进油管和回油管；所述进油管连通无杆腔油口A和无杆腔，回油管连通有杆腔油口B和有杆腔；
所述缸筒底部安装有通油管座，通油管座中开设有连通无杆腔的油道；缸筒外固定有连通通油管座油道的外油管；所述缸筒前端安装有连通有杆腔的前腔油管接头；
所述缸筒外安装有阀支架，阀支架上安装有用于控制所述缸臂销互锁结构的控制阀；所述控制阀的A口连接所述外油管，控制阀的B口连接所述前腔油管接头。
其进一步是：所述缸筒底部开有安装孔，通油管座上的圆柱台配合插入缸筒底部安装孔中；通油管座径向通过O圈与缸筒底部安装孔密封，通油管座轴向通过螺钉与缸筒底部连接。
所述活塞安装在活塞杆内端的台阶上，活塞杆内端安装有抵压在活塞内端的螺母；所述活塞径向外圆缸筒内壁配合接触；活塞外圆分布有密封槽，活塞密封槽中分别安装双Y圈、格莱圈、支承环、防污环。
所述支承环采用金属基，外加复合材料。
所述缸筒后端上侧安装有上导向托架，上导向托架前端采用倾角过渡结构；
所述缸筒后端左、右侧安装有水平对称的左导向滑块、右导向滑块；左导向滑块、右导向滑块呈V字型，左导向滑块、右导向滑块上沿轴向方向设置有导向段和入轨段，导向段偏上靠近缸筒底部及上导向托架，入轨段背离导向段；
所述缸筒左、右侧还安装有水平对称的左滑道组件、右滑道组件；所述左滑道组件、右滑道组件分别位于左导向滑块、右导向滑块前侧，
所述缸筒后端下侧设置有前滑块A、前滑块B、前滑块C；所述前滑块A倾斜布置，引导油缸爬升进入轨道；所述前滑块B水平布置，在油缸稳定运行时，前滑块B牵引油缸在轨道内运行。
所述缸臂销互锁结构通过与缸筒前端通过螺钉轴向连接，缸臂销互锁结构内壁与缸筒前端的外圆止口径向固定并通过O圈前后密封；
所述缸臂销互锁结构内侧一侧设有隔套、导向套和所述压盖；
所述隔套内壁与活塞杆配合，隔套外壁具有与缸臂销互锁结构内侧配合的台阶；
所述导向套内壁与活塞杆配合，导向套抵在隔套外端；
所述压盖固定在缸臂销互锁结构内侧，压盖抵在导向套外端；
所述隔套、导向套、压盖内侧采用F4青铜带+无油轴承+斯特封+轴密封+防尘的密封结构。
所述活塞右端面铣有4个与回油管内端连通的锪口，隔套左端呈大倾角结构；所述前腔油管接头内端与隔套左端大倾角结构相对。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1，改变了缸臂销互锁结构的供油形式，原供油形式只是从伸缩缸无杆腔供油，现供油形式为从有杆腔、无杆腔进行供油。活塞杆无需内置相对活塞杆移动芯管，增加了活塞杆内部空间，无需活塞杆内部进行复杂的结构设计，缸臂销互锁结构与伸缩油缸压力腔直接接触，可实现缸臂销互锁结构的压力驱动；可以在缸径杆径较小的液压缸内部实现驱动单缸插销结构；
2，对于液压系统油路要求降低，无需系统提供多条油路(进油、回油)，可减小系统动力源，达到节能减耗的目的；降低了活塞杆的加工难度及成本，减小了活塞杆内部芯管占用的空间，降低重量，实现轻量化要求；
3，滑道爬升结构简单可靠，入轨导向性强；活塞外圆的密封组合技术，可解决伸缩油缸运行时的泄漏问题，保持运行的稳定性；
4，解决了中小吨位起重机伸缩由于小臂截面限制难以突破起重臂长度的限制，实现了起重机多节臂的发展。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例主视图；
图2是本发明实施例俯视图；
图3是本发明工作原理图；
图中：1-通油管座、2-螺母、3-活塞、4-缸筒、5-活塞杆、5-1-进油管、5-2-回油管、6-左导向滑块、7-右导向滑块、8-左滑道组件、9-滑道支架、10-右滑道组件、11-外油管、12-缸臂销互锁结构、13-隔套、14-导向套、15-压盖、16-前腔油管接头、17-前滑块A、18-前滑块B、19-前滑块C、20-上导向托架、21-阀支架。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的一个具体实施例，现结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
结合图1至图3所示，一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，压盖15安装在缸筒4前端；活塞3安装在活塞杆5内端，活塞杆5外端穿过压盖15；缸筒4前端安装有缸臂销互锁结构12。
活塞杆5外端开设有无杆腔油口A和有杆腔油口B，活塞杆5内安装有进油管5-1和回油管5-2；进油管5-1连通无杆腔油口A和无杆腔，回油管5-2连通有杆腔油口B和有杆腔，活塞3右端面铣有4个与回油管5-2内端连通的锪口。活塞3安装在活塞杆5内端的台阶上， 活塞杆5内端安装有抵压在活塞3内端的螺母2，用于固定活塞。活塞3径向外圆缸筒4内壁配合接触；活塞3外圆分布有密封槽，活塞3密封槽中分别安装双Y圈、格莱圈、支承环、防污环，支承环采用金属基，外加复合材料。双Y圈+格莱圈+支承环+防污环结构，实现超长行程的导向稳定性，同时采用金属基外加复合材料的支承环结构，有效减少承受力的不均匀分配。软硬结合的活塞支撑结构，提升作用在活塞上的支撑力，该结构可改善油缸微动性能，减少系统微开口时的抖动现象，同时具有很好的双腔防泄漏功能。
缸筒4底部开有安装孔，通油管座1上的圆柱台配合插入缸筒4底部安装孔中；通油管座1径向通过O圈与缸筒4底部安装孔密封，防止油缸油液外漏，通油管座1轴向通过螺钉与缸筒4底部连接。通油管座1中开设有连通无杆腔的油道；缸筒4外固定有连通通油管座1油道的外油管11；缸筒4前端安装有连通有杆腔的前腔油管接头16。
缸臂销互锁结构12通过与缸筒4前端通过螺钉轴向连接，缸臂销互锁结构12内壁与缸筒4前端的外圆止口径向固定并通过O圈前后密封，防止油缸有杆腔在高压冲击下发生油液外漏。缸臂销互锁结构12内侧一侧设有隔套13、导向套14和压盖15；隔套13内壁与活塞杆5配合，隔套13外壁具有与缸臂销互锁结构12内侧配合的台阶。隔套13左端呈大倾角结构，前腔油管接头16内端与隔套13左端大倾角结构相对。该大倾角空间可实现缸臂销互锁结构12从伸缩油缸有杆腔的油液供给及在活塞杆5在全伸状态实现向缸臂销互锁结构的压力传递。
导向套14内壁与活塞杆5配合，导向套14抵在隔套13外端；压盖15固定在缸臂销互锁结构12内侧，压盖15抵在导向套14外端；隔套、导向套、压盖轴向端面相互固定。隔套13、导向套14、压盖15内侧采用防尘+轴密封+斯特封+无油轴承+F4青铜带的密封结构，与活塞杆5外圆通过密封接触，进而防止油液顺着活塞杆发生导向套漏油现象。缸筒4外安装有阀支架21，阀支架21上安装有用于控制缸臂销互锁结构12的控制阀；控制阀的A口连接外油管11，控制阀的B口连接前腔油管接头16。
缸筒4后端上侧安装有上导向托架20，上导向托架20前端采用倾角过渡结构，可实现伸缩油缸入轨角度最优化，能够实现更好的入轨倾角要求。
缸筒4后端左、右侧安装有水平对称的左导向滑块6、右导向滑块7；左导向滑块6、右导向滑块7呈V字型，左导向滑块6、右导向滑块7上沿轴向方向设置有导向段和入轨段，导向段偏上靠近缸筒4底部及上导向托架20，入轨段背离导向段，位于滑块与滑道组件连接端，用来滑块与滑道板的配合及伸缩油缸在爬升时与主机吊臂的配合。
缸筒4左、右侧还安装有水平对称的左滑道组件8、右滑道组件10；左滑道组件8、 右滑道组件10分别位于左导向滑块6、右导向滑块7前侧。滑道组件与起重臂U型接触，限制油缸左右摆动，可保护伸缩油缸在伸臂中爬行时的稳定性，使伸缩油缸在臂中稳定、平稳的运行，左滑道组件与右滑道组件中间采用滑道支架9进行支撑，滑道支架通过螺钉与滑道板左右连接，以实现两侧滑道相互平行，可保证伸缩油缸两侧滑道板在主机吊臂内运行时的稳定可靠。
缸筒4后端下侧设置有前滑块A17、前滑块B18、前滑块C19；前滑块A17倾斜布置，引导油缸爬升进入轨道。前滑块B18水平布置，在油缸稳定运行时，前滑块B18牵引油缸在轨道内运行。
工作原理：
油液通过活塞杆无杆腔油口A进入活塞杆内部进油管5-1，通过进油管5-1进入油缸无杆腔，推动油缸缸筒伸出，进而带动各起重机伸缩臂伸出；油液到达油缸无杆腔的同时，通过通油管座、外油管到达外油管右端油口，右端油口通过软管与设置于阀支架上面的控制阀A口连接；
油液通过活塞杆有杆腔油口B进入活塞杆内部回油管5-2，通过回油管5-2到达活塞右端，油液通过活塞端面锪口进入油缸无杆腔，驱动油缸缸筒回缩，进而带动起重机各伸缩臂回缩；油液到达油缸有杆腔的同时，通过隔套到达前腔油管接头，前腔油管接头通过软管与设置于阀支架上面的控制阀B口连接；
当A口有压力油时，缸臂销互锁结构臂销进行插销及拔销动作，当B口有压力油时，缸臂销互锁结构缸销进行插销及拔销动作。
本实施例活塞杆不在内置相对活塞杆移动通油管，增加活塞杆内部空间，无需活塞杆内部进行复杂的结构设计，可以在缸径杆径较小的液压缸内部实现驱动单缸插销结构。因此，对于液压系统油路要求降低，无需系统提供多条油路(进油、回油)，可减小系统动力源，达到节能减耗的目的；同时降低了活塞杆的加工难度及成本，减小了活塞杆内部芯管占用的空间，降低重量，实现轻量化要求。解决了中小吨位起重机伸缩由于小臂截面限制难以突破起重臂长度的限制，实现了起重机多节臂的发展趋势。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，包括缸筒(4)、活塞杆(5)、活塞(3)和压盖(15)；所述压盖(15)安装在缸筒(4)前端；所述活塞(3)安装在活塞杆(5)内端，活塞杆(5)外端穿过压盖(15)；所述缸筒(4)前端安装有缸臂销互锁结构(12)；
    其特征在于：
    所述活塞杆(5)外端开设有无杆腔油口A和有杆腔油口B，活塞杆(5)内安装有进油管(5-1)和回油管(5-2)；所述进油管(5-1)连通无杆腔油口A和无杆腔，回油管(5-2)连通有杆腔油口B和有杆腔；
    所述缸筒(4)底部安装有通油管座(1)，通油管座(1)中开设有连通无杆腔的油道；缸筒(4)外固定有连通通油管座(1)油道的外油管(11)；所述缸筒(4)前端安装有连通有杆腔的前腔油管接头(16)；
    所述缸筒(4)外安装有阀支架(21)，阀支架(21)上安装有用于控制所述缸臂销互锁结构(12)的控制阀；所述控制阀的A口连接所述外油管(11)，控制阀的B口连接所述前腔油管接头(16)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述缸筒(4)底部开有安装孔，通油管座(1)上的圆柱台配合插入缸筒(4)底部安装孔中；通油管座(1)径向通过O圈与缸筒(4)底部安装孔密封，通油管座(1)轴向通过螺钉与缸筒(4)底部连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述活塞(3)安装在活塞杆(5)内端的台阶上，活塞杆(5)内端安装有抵压在活塞(3)内端的螺母(2)；所述活塞(3)径向外圆与缸筒(4)内壁配合接触；活塞(3)外圆分布有密封槽，活塞(3)密封槽中分别安装双Y圈、格莱圈、支承环、防污环。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述支承环采用金属基，外加复合材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述缸筒(4)后端上侧安装有上导向托架(20)，上导向托架(20)前端采用大倾角过渡结构；
    所述缸筒(4)后端左、右侧安装有水平对称的左导向滑块(6)、右导向滑块(7)；左导向滑块(6)、右导向滑块(7)呈V字型，左导向滑块(6)、右导向滑块(7)上沿轴向方向设置有导向段和入轨段，导向段偏上靠近缸筒(4)底部及上导向托架(20)，入轨段背离导向段；
    所述缸筒(4)左、右侧还安装有水平对称的左滑道组件(8)、右滑道组件(10)；所述左滑道组件(8)、右滑道组件(10)分别位于左导向滑块(6)、右导向滑块(7)前侧，
    所述缸筒(4)后端下侧设置有前滑块A(17)、前滑块B(18)、前滑块C(19)；所述前滑块A(17)倾斜布置，引导油缸爬升进入轨道；所述前滑块B(18)水平布置，在油缸稳定运行时，前滑块B(18)牵引油缸在轨道内运行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述缸臂销互锁结构(12)通过与缸筒(4)前端通过螺钉轴向连接，缸臂销互锁结构(12)内壁与缸筒(4)前端的外圆止口径向固定并通过O圈前后密封；
    所述缸臂销互锁结构(12)内侧一侧设有隔套(13)、导向套(14)和所述压盖(15)；
    所述隔套(13)内壁与活塞杆(5)配合，隔套(13)外壁具有与缸臂销互锁结构(12)内侧配合的台阶；
    所述导向套(14)内壁与活塞杆(5)配合，导向套(14)抵在隔套(13)外端；
    所述压盖(15)固定在缸臂销互锁结构(12)内侧，压盖(15)抵在导向套(14)外端；
    所述隔套(13)、导向套(14)、压盖(15)内侧采用F4青铜带+无油轴承斯特封+轴密封+防尘的密封结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于无芯管单驱动式伸缩液压缸，其特征在于：所述活塞(3)右端面铣有4个与回油管(5-2)内端连通的锪口，隔套(13)左端呈大倾角结构；所述前腔油管接头(16)内端与隔套(13)左端大倾角结构相对。
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CN117108584A (zh) * 2023-09-28 2023-11-24 无锡市大鸿液压气动成套有限公司 一种液压活塞结构及液压油缸
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CN118548259A (zh) * 2024-07-30 2024-08-27 中联重科股份有限公司 一种插销系统、伸缩臂、作业机械和插销系统的控制方法

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CN118548259A (zh) * 2024-07-30 2024-08-27 中联重科股份有限公司 一种插销系统、伸缩臂、作业机械和插销系统的控制方法

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