WO2022062052A1 - 基于5g的低调度时延与高速接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备 - Google Patents

基于5g的低调度时延与高速接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备 Download PDF

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WO2022062052A1
WO2022062052A1 PCT/CN2020/124597 CN2020124597W WO2022062052A1 WO 2022062052 A1 WO2022062052 A1 WO 2022062052A1 CN 2020124597 W CN2020124597 W CN 2020124597W WO 2022062052 A1 WO2022062052 A1 WO 2022062052A1
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real
message
time
time service
module
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PCT/CN2020/124597
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周华良
刘拯
郑玉平
汪世平
李友军
夏雨
甘云华
王军会
姚吉文
高诗航
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国电南瑞科技股份有限公司
国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司
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Publication of WO2022062052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062052A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H04W28/065—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information using assembly or disassembly of packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/06—Transport layer protocols, e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless

Definitions

  • the present invention specifically relates to a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access method, module, terminal and power secondary equipment.
  • Power secondary equipment such as line differential protection and distributed feeder automation systems need to realize low-latency data communication between local equipment and remote equipment, which is used to transmit information such as electrical quantities, switches, and switch states to achieve rapid fault diagnosis. , fast removal and quick recovery after failure.
  • the traditional approach is to lay dedicated optical cables between devices as data transmission channels. This approach has problems such as lack of optical fiber laying conditions in some equipment locations, heavy cable laying workload, large later maintenance workload, and high maintenance costs.
  • 5G communication technology is the fifth generation of mobile communication technology. It is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication technology, and it is also an extension after 4G, 3G, and 2G systems.
  • the performance goals of 5G are to increase data rates, reduce latency, save energy, reduce costs, increase system capacity, and enable large-scale device connectivity.
  • the first phase of the 5G specification in Release-15 is to accommodate early commercial deployments.
  • the second phase of Release-16 will be completed in April 2020 and submitted to the International Telecommunication Union as a candidate for IMT-2020 technology.
  • the ITU IMT-2020 specification requires speeds up to 20Gbit/s, enabling wide channel bandwidth and high-capacity MIMO.
  • eMBB Enhance Mobile Broadband
  • uRLLC Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication
  • eMBB massive-scale Internet of Things
  • mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication
  • eMBB application scenarios mainly include hotspot areas with wide-area coverage and high user density, which are characterized by no special Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee, and require as much bandwidth as possible to achieve the ultimate traffic throughput, and as much as possible Reduce latency.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the optimization goal is to minimize physical resource consumption and ensure high throughput.
  • uRLLC application scenarios mainly have strict requirements on throughput and delay, such as telemedicine and traffic safety, which are characterized by strict QoS guarantee and low transmission delay.
  • the optimization goal is to minimize the number of link transmission hops to reduce the transmission delay.
  • the application scenario of mMTC is mainly to realize the connection of massive devices, non-delay-sensitive data with relatively low transmission capacity between devices, which is characterized by the need for high data processing capacity and low blocking rate.
  • the optimization goal is to minimize the resource consumption of link bandwidth to avoid blocking of transmitted data.
  • the uRLLC service has the characteristics of strict QoS guarantee, low transmission delay (air interface delay ⁇ 1ms, end-to-end delay ⁇ 5ms), etc. It is very suitable for replacing optical cables to realize line differential protection, distributed FA and other applications .
  • an implementation scheme of "A 5G Network-Based Distribution Network Distributed Differential Protection Method, System and Process” is proposed.
  • the digital protection devices are respectively connected to their corresponding 5G wireless terminals.
  • a virtual server is set in the terminal, so that the data of the digital protection device connected to the opposite 5G wireless terminal can be forwarded to the digital protection device of the local end, thereby realizing the data interaction between the two digital protection devices.
  • the digital protection device needs to deploy TCP/IP protocol software.
  • the digital protection device first sends the encapsulated TCP/IP data to the opposite 5G wireless terminal through the local 5G wireless terminal, and then the opposite 5G wireless terminal forwards it to the connected digital protection device by wire.
  • the data transmission between digital protection devices is based on the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the 5G wireless terminal only realizes the transparent transmission between wired data and 5G data, and the digital protection device and the 5G wireless terminal can only send and receive TCP/IP. IP message, which requires the deployment of the TCP/IP protocol stack on the digital protection device.
  • the TCP/IP protocol stack that comes with the operating system can be used to process packets.
  • the operating system cannot be used to process the TCP/IP protocol.
  • the scheduling delay of the operating system itself has a large discrete uncertainty, and the information transmission
  • the total delay is also relatively large, which cannot meet the performance requirements of differential protection for data delay and synchronization, and cannot achieve the rapidity requirements of relay protection, which affects the safe operation of the power grid.
  • a light-weight TCP/IP protocol stack can also be deployed in the environment of a hard real-time scheduling system (without an operating system) using the processor on the digital protection device.
  • the deployment of the protocol stack will affect the structure of the protection algorithm application program and the response machine of the application processor's real-time business. In severe cases, it will affect the real-time performance and reliability of the entire device system, which may cause errors in the protection function and affect the operation of power grid protection. .
  • the present invention proposes a 5G access method, module, terminal and power secondary equipment suitable for power scenarios, which realizes that there is no need for a real-time service processor in the power secondary equipment and does not need to deploy a TCP/IP protocol stack , and can reduce the total delay of real-time service packets in the whole link of 5G transmission, realize the rapid synchronization of differential protection electrical quantities, and improve the quickness of relay protection.
  • the present invention provides a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access method, including:
  • the real-time service TCP/IP packet is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module at the predetermined interruption and fixed delay time, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the real-time service TCP/IP packet to the 5G wireless network.
  • the method further includes:
  • the non-real-time service packet is directly forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service packet to 5G in the wireless network;
  • the non-real-time service packets are directly forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, so that 5G communication can be sent and received.
  • the module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network.
  • the method further includes:
  • the TCP/IP protocol unpacking process is performed on the real-time service message to obtain the original message data, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the real-time service physical channel;
  • the non-real-time service packets are transparently forwarded, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the non-real-time service physical channel.
  • the sending the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module at the time of predetermined interruption and fixed delay is specifically:
  • the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the time stamp of the actual sending time of the real-time service TCP/IP message is attached to the message
  • the calculation of the absolute path delay under the time synchronization of the 5G system is realized.
  • the present invention provides a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module, including a TCP/IP data packet processing module, a message processing module and a 5G communication transceiver module;
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol encapsulation processing on the received real-time service message, obtains the real-time service TCP/IP message, and sends it to the message processing module;
  • the message processing module sends the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module at the predetermined interruption and fixed delay time, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • 5G wireless network
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module fills the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent into the real-time sending buffer of the message processing module before the preset interruption edge; the message processing module At the delay time set after the preset interruption edge, the real-time service TCP/IP message is automatically sent to the physical port connected to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the time when the real-time service TCP/IP message is actually sent is sent.
  • the label is attached to the end of the message to realize the calculation of the absolute path delay under the time synchronization of the 5G system.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on a preset rule to obtain filtered data;
  • the message processing module forwards it to the TCP/IP data packet processing module, and the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol unpacking processing on the real-time service message,
  • the original message data is obtained, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the real-time service physical channel.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module further includes a real-time service physical channel, and the real-time service physical channel receives real-time service packets and sends them to TCP/IP data packets. processing module.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module further includes a non-real-time service physical channel and a non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the non-real-time service physical channel receives the non-real-time service message and sends it to the non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the message processing module receives the non-real-time service message forwarded by the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, and when it is judged that there is currently no real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, the message processing module directly transfers the non-real-time service message.
  • the message is forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network; when it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, the message is processed.
  • the module first sends the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module at the predetermined interruption and fixed delay time, and then sends the non-real-time service message to 5G after the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent.
  • the communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network by the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the non-real-time transparent forwarding module transparently forwards the acquired original non-real-time data message to the non-real-time sending buffer of the message processing module, and the message processing module judges whether there is currently a real-time data message that needs to be sent.
  • Service TCP/IP message If there is, wait for the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent before sending this non-real-time service message to the 5G communication transceiver module. If not, send the non-real-time service message directly. to the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on a preset rule to obtain filtered data;
  • the non-real-time service packets in the filtered data are forwarded to the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, and the non-real-time service packets are transparently forwarded by the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, and finally sent to the power two through the non-real-time service physical channel. secondary device.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module further includes a PPS synchronization signal line, an INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line, a system time management module, and an interrupt synchronization module;
  • One end of the PPS synchronization signal line is connected to the system time management module, and the other end is used to connect to the secondary power equipment.
  • the PPS synchronization signal line is used to realize the communication between the secondary power equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay.
  • One end of the INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line is connected to the interrupt synchronization module, and the other end is used to connect to the secondary power equipment, and the INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line is used to connect the interrupt signal of the secondary power equipment to the interrupt synchronization module, as the interrupt signal of the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module.
  • the present invention provides a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal, including: the aforementioned 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module and a real-time network port; the real-time network port Receive real-time service packets and send them to the TCP/IP packet processing module.
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module fills the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent into the real-time sending buffer of the message processing module before the preset interruption edge; the message processing module At the delay time set after the preset interruption edge, the real-time service TCP/IP message is automatically sent to the physical port connected to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the time when the real-time service TCP/IP message is actually sent is sent.
  • the label is attached to the end of the message to realize the calculation of the absolute path delay under the time synchronization of the 5G system.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on a preset rule to obtain filtered data;
  • the message processing module forwards it to the TCP/IP data packet processing module, and the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol unpacking processing on the real-time service message,
  • the original message data is obtained, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the real-time service physical channel.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal further includes several non-real-time network ports, an Ethernet switch chip and a non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the non-real-time network ports are respectively connected with the Ethernet switching chip, and each non-real-time network port receives non-real-time service packets and sends them to the non-real-time transparent forwarding module through the Ethernet switching chip;
  • the message processing module receives the non-real-time service message forwarded by the non-real-time transparent forwarding module
  • the packet processing module When it is determined that there is no real-time service TCP/IP packet that needs to be sent, the packet processing module directly forwards the non-real-time service packet to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service packet to the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the text is sent to the 5G wireless network;
  • the packet processing module When it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP packet that needs to be sent, the packet processing module first sends the real-time service TCP/IP packet to 5G communication at a predetermined interruption and fixed delay time.
  • the transceiver module after the real-time service TCP/IP service message is sent, the non-real-time service message is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network. .
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on a preset rule to obtain filtered data;
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal further includes a time management module and an interrupt synchronization module; the power secondary equipment sends a message with the same interval to the access terminal through the real-time network port.
  • the present invention provides a power secondary device, which is characterized by comprising a main processor board and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module according to any one of the second aspects, so The main processor board is connected with the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module to realize communication.
  • the invention realizes that the real-time service processor in the power secondary equipment does not need to deploy the TCP/IP protocol stack, and can reduce the total delay of the real-time service message in the whole link of 5G transmission, and realize the fast differential protection of electrical quantities. Synchronization, improve the quickness of relay protection, and improve the reliability of power grid operation.
  • the present invention can realize 5G real-time communication expansion of electric secondary equipment through 5G low scheduling delay and real-time high-speed access module or access terminal, and the TCP/IP protocol stack is deployed in the 5G access module or terminal,
  • the real-time service processor in the power secondary equipment does not need to deploy the TCP/IP protocol stack, which will not affect the structure of the real-time service program of the power secondary equipment, and will not affect the real-time performance and function of the system.
  • the present invention supports the simultaneous coexistence of real-time services and non-real-time services in one access module or access terminal, avoiding the deployment of multiple 5G accesses on power secondary equipment that has both real-time and non-real-time service communication requirements. equipment, reducing hardware cost and system complexity.
  • the invention supports multiple power secondary devices to realize non-real-time 5G communication service expansion through the same access terminal, can reduce the number of 5G access devices and switches in power distribution rooms or substations, and save construction investment.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the power secondary equipment realizing low scheduling delay 5G access through the 5G access device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of delay calculation when secondary power equipment transmits 5G real-time service packets
  • Figure 3 shows the establishment of an interruption synchronization relationship between the power secondary equipment and the 5G access device through the network
  • Figure 4 is a sequence of sending 5G access device messages by priority
  • Fig. 5 is an example of a specific implementation of 5G low scheduling delay and real-time high-speed access by integrating 5G access device of power secondary equipment;
  • Figure 6 is the private message format between the power secondary equipment and the 5G access device
  • Fig. 7 is the real-time service 5G message format of the sending side in which the 5G access device adds the sending time stamp;
  • Fig. 8 is the real-time service 5G message format of the receiving side in which the 5G access device adds the receiving time stamp;
  • Figure 9 is the 5G interactive message format between two non-real-time applications.
  • Figure 10 is an example of a specific implementation of power secondary equipment and an independent external 5G access device to achieve 5G low scheduling delay and real-time high-speed access.
  • An embodiment of the present invention proposes a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access method, including the following steps:
  • the non-real-time service message is directly forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network; when it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, wait for the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent. Then, the non-real-time service message is directly forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network.
  • the method further includes:
  • the TCP/IP protocol unpacking process is performed on the real-time service message to obtain the original message data, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the real-time service physical channel;
  • the non-real-time service packets are transparently forwarded, and finally sent to the power secondary equipment through the non-real-time service physical channel.
  • a 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access system includes power secondary equipment, a data processing unit, a 5G communication transceiver module and a 5G base station; A program for implementing the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access method in the embodiment of the present invention;
  • the power secondary equipment generates real-time service packets and non-real-time service packets, and the real-time service packets are forwarded to the data processing unit through the real-time service physical channel; the non-real-time service packets are forwarded to the data processing unit through the non-real-time service physical channel. data processing unit;
  • the data processing unit includes a TCP/IP data packet processing module, a non-real-time transparent forwarding module and a message processing module; the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol encapsulation processing on the real-time service message, Obtain the real-time service TCP/IP message, and send it to the message processing module; the non-real-time transparent forwarding module transparently forwards the non-real-time service message to the message processing module;
  • the message forwarding module determines whether there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent at present, and when there is no real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, it directly forwards the non-real-time service message to 5G communication for sending and receiving. module, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network; when it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, wait for the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent. Then, the non-real-time service message is directly forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, so that the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network.
  • the data processing unit is a data bridge between the power secondary equipment and the 5G communication transceiver module, and realizes the function of different logic processing according to the real-time requirements of the data sent and received.
  • the real-time and non-real-time communication between the data processing unit and the power secondary equipment uses different physical interface channels. Through the integrated management and control technology of real-time and non-real-time services on the data processing unit, the coexistence of real-time and non-real-time services is creatively realized.
  • the power secondary equipment is used to realize 5G low scheduling delay and real-time high-speed access through 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access equipment.
  • the technical solution is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the 5G access devices can be divided into 5G-based low-scheduling latency and high-speed access modules and 5G-based low-scheduling latency and high-speed access terminals based on different existing forms, but the 5G-based low-scheduling and high-speed access terminals
  • the latency and high-speed access modules and 5G-based low scheduling latency are consistent with the essential functions of high-speed access terminals.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module is used to integrate into the power secondary equipment, and its form is an access module integrated inside the power secondary equipment; the 5G-based low scheduling delay It exists outside the power secondary equipment independently from the high-speed access terminal, and is in the form of an external access terminal.
  • the connection between the power secondary equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or access terminals is not limited, as long as it is a channel that can transmit data, it can be wired or wireless. Typically a Fast Ethernet channel.
  • the data processing unit is the core component of the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module or access terminal. It is the data bridge between the power secondary equipment and the 5G communication transceiver module to achieve real-time and synchronization of data sent and received. Sex requires functions that perform different logical processing.
  • the real-time and non-real-time communication between the data processing unit and the power secondary equipment uses different physical interface channels.
  • the real-time and non-real-time services are creatively realized in the 5G-based network.
  • Low scheduling latency coexists with high-speed access modules or access terminals.
  • the data processing unit When transmitting real-time service data, the data processing unit converts the sent real-time service packets between original data and TCP/IP packets, and converts the converted real-time service TCP/IP packets after the hard interruption edge of the power secondary equipment. It is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module at a fixed time to ensure that the interval between each actually sent message is consistent and the scheduling response is consistent; at the same time, the received data from the 5G communication transceiver module is filtered through the real-time service whitelist. After the real-time service message is unpacked by the TCP/IP protocol, the original power service data is sent to the real-time application service program of the power secondary equipment through the real-time service physical channel.
  • the power secondary equipment uses the TCP/IP protocol stack built into the device operating system to parse and encapsulate the packet data, based on 5G's low scheduling delay and high-speed access module or access terminal data
  • the processing unit only transparently forwards the message, but does not process the content of the message. It can support multiple local non-real-time service physical channels to achieve 5G communication expansion through 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or access terminals.
  • the form of the data processing unit is not limited, and may be a processor, a programmable logic device, or an SoC.
  • a data channel is provided between the data processing unit and the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the 5G communication transceiver module is connected to the management module through the management channel.
  • the management channel is responsible for using AT commands to set the working mode of the 5G communication transceiver module and obtain various status information of the 5G communication transceiver module; the data channel realizes the transmission of real business data packets.
  • the data processing unit also has parameter configuration and storage functions.
  • the data processing unit is responsible for establishing a TCP/IP connection with the real-time peer power secondary equipment that needs to communicate.
  • the required peer equipment IP address, port number and other parameters are configured in the data processing unit.
  • the power secondary equipment does not need to be concerned, so that the power secondary equipment has no inductance to the parameters.
  • the power secondary equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or access terminals maintain the time system synchronization
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or The access terminal performs time synchronization, or the two can synchronize their own time through an external time synchronization source (such as GPS or Beidou, etc.) to ensure that the power secondary equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or Consistency of system time between access terminals.
  • an external time synchronization source such as GPS or Beidou, etc.
  • the power secondary equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access modules or access terminals also maintain the synchronization of the hard real-time interruption of the control cycle, which is used to realize the sending time and delay control functions of real-time service packets.
  • the sending time control function of real-time service messages adopts a sending control mechanism that is synchronized with the main interruption of the power secondary equipment device, that is, the sending time of each message is a fixed time difference from the interruption, and the main application processing business module of the power secondary equipment can pass
  • the private protocol sets the delay parameters for sending packets.
  • the data processing unit of the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module or access terminal fills the required sending data into the sending buffer before the main interrupt edge of the system, and automatically sends the data at the delay time set after the interrupt edge.
  • the process of sending data from the secondary power equipment is as follows:
  • Real-time service message The power secondary equipment is connected to the 5G-based low-dispatch and high-speed access module or access terminal, and the main application processing service module sends the customized original real-time service message to the data processing unit.
  • the processing unit completes the real-time processing of the TCP/IP protocol. After the processing is completed, the data processing unit will send the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module at the predetermined interruption and fixed delay time, and the 5G communication transceiver module will send the message. into a 5G wireless network;
  • Non-real-time service message The secondary power equipment is connected to the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module or access terminal, and the main processing application service module uses its own TCP/IP protocol to complete the data package and send it to data processing.
  • the data processing unit transparently forwards the message to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the message to the 5G wireless network.
  • the 5G communication transceiver module receives the message from the 5G wireless network and transmits the message to the data processing unit connected to the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module or access terminal.
  • the source address of the MAC in the frame of the message determines whether the message is a real-time service message.
  • the whitelist of real-time service source addresses is configured through parameters, and the receiving time stamp is added to the end of the packet for real-time packets.
  • the data processing unit performs TCP/IP protocol analysis on the received real-time service packets, and sends the parsed original packet data to the real-time relay protection application program of the power secondary equipment through the real-time channel in a custom format;
  • the received non-real-time service packets are transparently forwarded to the non-real-time application program of the power secondary equipment directly through the non-real-time channel.
  • the total delay of the packet transmission path can be calculated, as shown in Figure 2.
  • Four pieces of time information are involved in the calculation.
  • the data processing unit sends a message to the 5G communication transceiver module
  • the sending side writes the original message data into the TCP/IP protocol stack sending buffer at the time T1.
  • the IP data packet is encapsulated
  • time T4 four key nodes on the transmission path are covered, and through these four times, the delay between each node can be obtained.
  • T1 and T4 are written by the data processing unit, and T2 and T3 are inserted by the data processing unit in the manner of hardware time stamping.
  • the internal integration of the power secondary equipment is based on the connection to the 5G-based low scheduling delay and the synchronization of the high-speed access module is realized through the physical hardware IO synchronization signal.
  • an interruption synchronization relationship is established between the power secondary equipment and the connected 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal through the network, as shown in Figure 3 .
  • the method is: the power secondary device sends a synchronization (SYNC) message when interrupting INT1.
  • This INT1 is ahead of the main interrupt INT0 of the power secondary device by a certain time t1 to compensate for the sending time required for SYNC message transmission.
  • 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminals recover the local interrupt INT after receiving the SYNC message to achieve synchronization with the power secondary device INT0.
  • a time synchronization relationship is established between the power secondary equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal through the network.
  • the power secondary device sends the SYNC message, it embeds the local time information (century seconds) into the message.
  • the power secondary device Based on 5G's low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminals, when the recovery interruption is interrupted, the power secondary device is obtained by parsing the content of the message. time information on the secondary device to establish time synchronization.
  • FPGA devices are used for co-processing of SYNC packets sent by power secondary (differential protection) equipment and 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal parsing of SYNC packets, which can achieve better synchronization performance.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module includes: a real-time service physical channel, a TCP/IP data packet processing module , message processing module, 5G communication transceiver module, and non-real-time service physical channel and non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the real-time service physical channel receives the real-time service message and sends it to the TCP/IP data packet processing module;
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol encapsulation processing on the real-time service message, obtains the real-time service TCP/IP message, and sends it to the message processing module; the message processing module is interrupted at a predetermined time. .
  • the real-time service TCP/IP packet is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module at a fixed time delay, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the real-time service TCP/IP packet to the 5G wireless network.
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module fills the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent into the real-time sending buffer of the message processing module before the preset interruption edge; the message processing module is in the At the time delay set after the preset interruption edge, the real-time service TCP/IP message is automatically sent to the physical port connected to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the time stamp of the actual sending time of the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent. It is attached to the end of the message to realize the calculation of the absolute delay of the path under the time synchronization of the 5G system, and realize the real-time service message data sent by the power secondary equipment.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on preset rules to obtain filtered data; for real-time service messages in the filtered data, the message processing module It is forwarded to the TCP/IP data packet processing module, and the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol unpacking processing on the real-time service message, obtains the original message data, and finally sends it to the real-time service physical channel through the real-time service physical channel.
  • Power secondary equipment enabling the power secondary equipment to receive real-time business message data.
  • the non-real-time service physical channel receives the non-real-time service message and sends it to the non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the message processing module receives the non-real-time service message forwarded by the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, and when it is judged that there is currently no real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, the message processing module directly transfers the non-real-time service message.
  • the message is forwarded to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network; when it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, the message is processed.
  • the module first sends the real-time service TCP/IP message to the 5G communication transceiver module at the predetermined interruption and fixed delay time, and then sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G communication transceiver module after the real-time service TCP/IP service message is sent.
  • the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network by the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the non-real-time transparent forwarding module transparently forwards the acquired original non-real-time data message to the non-real-time sending buffer of the message processing module, and the message processing module determines whether there is currently a real-time service that needs to be sent TCP/IP message, if there is, wait for the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent before sending this non-real-time service message to the 5G communication transceiver module, if not, send it directly to the 5G communication transceiver module to realize the power two
  • the secondary device sends non-real-time service packet data.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on preset rules to obtain filtered data; and forwards the non-real-time service messages in the filtered data. To the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, the non-real-time transparent forwarding module transparently forwards the non-real-time service message, and finally sends it to the secondary power equipment through the non-real-time service physical channel, so that the secondary power equipment can receive the non-real-time service message. data.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module further includes a PPS synchronization signal line, an INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line, a system time management module and an interrupt synchronization module; one end of the PPS synchronization signal line is connected to the The system time management module is connected, and the other end is used to connect to the secondary power equipment, and the PPS synchronization signal line is used to realize the time signal of the secondary power equipment and the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module time-second edge synchronization between;
  • One end of the INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line is connected to the interrupt synchronization module, and the other end is used to connect to the secondary power equipment, and the INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line is used to connect the interrupt signal of the secondary power equipment to the interrupt synchronization module, as the interrupt signal of the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic structural diagram when the 5G access device in the embodiment of the present invention is integrated in the power secondary device in the form of an access module, that is, a power secondary device is provided, the main processor is The board and the 5G access device (that is, the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access module) are in the same power secondary equipment, and the two are connected through the backplane bus.
  • the main processor board is connected to the 5G access device through two CAN channels to realize the configuration, management and operation information monitoring of the access device. There are two Ethernet channels between the main processor board and the access device, which are directly connected through the LVDS differential pair on the backplane, without the need for Ethernet PHY and transformers.
  • the PPS synchronization signal line is left on the backplane to realize the time-second edge synchronization between the main processor board and the access device; there is also an INT interrupt synchronization physical signal line on the backplane, which is used to realize the main processor board The master interrupt synchronization of the access device.
  • the 5G access device is mainly composed of a data processing unit, a 5G communication transceiver module and a GPS time synchronization module.
  • the data processing unit adopts an all-programmable SoC processor, including two ARM processors and one FPGA logic unit.
  • the two ARM processors can be divided into CORE 0 and CORE 1.
  • CORE 0 runs no operating system program, which is mainly used for 5G communication transceiver module management, establishing network connection and other functions;
  • CORE 1 runs no operating system program and deploys it on it
  • Lwip is a lightweight TCP/IP protocol stack for processing raw power data packets from power secondary devices.
  • the main processor board realizes the management function of the access device through the management CAN, and the access device does not need to deploy the parameter management function locally.
  • the power-on initialization information is sent by the main processor board through the management CAN during the power-on phase to realize the initialization of variables and parameters required by the access device. All parameters are stored on the main processor board, which is convenient for system operation and maintenance. Support the main processor board to update all programs of the access device online through the management CAN.
  • the FPGA logic unit is used to expand the real-time and non-real-time service Ethernet ports connected to the main processor board and the data Ethernet ports connected to the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the time management module on the FPGA logic unit supports the local time synchronization and maintenance functions of the 5G access device through the backplane second pulse and the external GPS module.
  • the interrupt synchronization module on the FPGA realizes the main interrupt synchronization between the access device and the main processor board through the backplane INT signal, and is used to realize the sending time control function of the real-time service message.
  • Synchronization is required between the main processor board and the 5G access device, which is divided into two aspects: interrupt synchronization and time synchronization.
  • Interrupt synchronization is used to realize synchronous sending of messages
  • time synchronization is used to realize synchronization of message reception time stamps.
  • the interrupt (INT) signal of the main processor board can be directly connected to the access device through the backplane as the interrupt signal of the access device, so as to realize the main processing Interrupt synchronization between the board and the access device.
  • the main processor board performs century-second time synchronization on the access device through the CAN bus inside the device, and realizes the second edge synchronization between the main processor board and the access device through the PPS signal to achieve the goal of time synchronization.
  • the message filtering and priority control module implemented on the FPGA logic unit is responsible for the priority and timing control of the sent data.
  • the real-time service message can be sent preferentially at a fixed time after interruption.
  • the fixed time parameter is passed through the main processor board. It is configured and sent when the system is initialized; the packet filtering and priority control module on the FPGA also implements the function of real-time and non-real-time filtering of received packets, and only real-time service packets will be transmitted to CORE 1 for processing.
  • non-real-time service packets will be directly transmitted to the non-real-time service network port of the access device, and then directly transmitted to the non-real-time management core of the main processor board through the non-real-time service channel for related processing.
  • the FPGA determines whether the received 5G data is real-time service or non-real-time service data. It needs to determine whether the source address field in the received MAC message conforms to the whitelist of real-time service devices connected to the access device.
  • the whitelist is also initialized after power-on. The stage is issued by the main processor board through the management CAN. If the source address exists in the whitelist of real-time service devices, the received 5G data is considered to be real-time service data.
  • the 5G communication transceiver module adopts a standard module with dual interfaces of UART and RGMII at the same time. There are two communication interfaces between the data processing unit and the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • CORE 0 uses the UART serial interface that comes with the processor to connect with the 5G communication transceiver module to realize functions such as management, network connection and status information acquisition of the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • CORE 1 is connected to the 5G transceiver module through the FPGA-expanded Gigabit Ethernet port to transmit real-time and non-real-time business data packets.
  • the data type is standard TCP/IP packet and uses the RGMII interface.
  • the management functions of the above 5G communication transceiver module are as follows:
  • the module debugging information can be transmitted through the USB channel according to the manufacturer's requirements for analysis of the problem.
  • the main processor board of the power secondary equipment is connected to the 5G access device through the backplane LVDS Ethernet, and sends the data packet to the FPGA expansion network port in the 5G access device.
  • the FPGA program determines the network port number to Distinguish data as real-time or non-real-time business data.
  • the real-time service message between the main processor board and the 5G access device adopts the internal private message, and realizes the real-time message sending and receiving channel control function through the FPGA.
  • the message format is shown in Figure 6.
  • the message is a 6-byte destination address, a 6-byte source address, and a 2-byte message type (1-byte real-time port number, corresponding to the opposite real-time device with different MAC addresses).
  • the CORE 1 in the data processing unit will replace the real-time port number in the private message with the 28-byte UDP header data containing the IP address of the device on the opposite side of the communication, and append the current time.
  • the time stamp (including 32-bit century seconds and 32-bit nanosecond time stamps) is sent to the end of the sent message, the message length and message CRC value are recalculated, and sent to the 5G communication transceiver module through the RGMII interface network port and sent to 5G
  • the 5G access device adds the sending side real-time service 5G packet format of the sending time stamp as shown in Figure 7.
  • the peer 5G access device After receiving the real-time service 5G message, the peer 5G access device will attach the reception time stamp (including 32-bit century seconds and 32-bit nanosecond time stamp) and the main operation interruption counter (32-bit cycle counter) to the message.
  • the real-time service 5G packet format of the receiving side with the receiving time stamp added by the 5G access device is shown in Figure 8. Since the 5G access devices on both sides of the transceiver are synchronized with the GPS time, the difference between the time scale of the receiving time and the sending time can be used to calculate the delay value of real-time service 5G packets transmitted in the 5G network.
  • the format of the message is shown in Figure 9.
  • the data processing unit does not perform any processing on the content of the message, but directly submits the message to the non-real-time sending buffer of the message filtering and priority control module. ;
  • the message filtering and priority control module judges whether there is a real-time service message that needs to be sent. If there is, it will wait for the real-time message to be sent before sending this non-real-time service data message. .
  • the data processing unit When sending a real-time service data packet, the data processing unit will directly submit the packet to the Lwip protocol stack and data packet parsing/encapsulation module on the CORE 1 processor, and the original data packet will be converted into IP data by the CORE 1 processor
  • the message filtering and priority control module After the message is written, it is written into the message filtering and priority control module of the FPGA; the message filtering and priority control module writes the real-time message into the real-time sending buffer, and sends the message to the fixed delay time after the interruption time. It is preferentially sent to the 5G communication transceiver module through the GMAC and RGMII interfaces, and the fixed delay time parameter can be configured on the main processor board.
  • the implementation method in the packet receiving data flow is: when the 5G communication transceiver module receives the packet from the 5G wireless network, it transparently forwards the packet to the GMAC network port of the FPGA through the RGMII Gigabit Ethernet port, and the FPGA transmits the packet on the packet.
  • the receiving time stamp is marked, and then it is quickly forwarded to the packet filtering and priority control module to judge the MAC packet source address of the received packet. After passing the real-time service data, it is sent to CORE 1 for IP unpacking, and CORE 1 will unpack the packet.
  • the packaged data is transmitted to the real-time application processing core of the main processor board through the Ethernet and the real-time service channel according to the private protocol; the non-real-time service data is directly transmitted to the non-real-time management core through the non-real-time service channel.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal includes: a real-time network port, a TCP/IP data packet processing module, a message processing module, 5G communication transceiver module, several non-real-time network ports, Ethernet switching chip and non-real-time transparent forwarding module;
  • the real-time network port receives the real-time service message and sends it to the TCP/IP data packet processing module;
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol unpacking processing on the real-time service message, obtains the real-time service TCP/IP message, and sends it to the message processing module;
  • the real-time service TCP/IP packet is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module at the moment of interruption and fixed delay, and the real-time service TCP/IP packet is sent to the 5G wireless network by the 5G communication transceiver module.
  • the TCP/IP data packet processing module fills the real-time service TCP/IP message to be sent into the real-time sending buffer of the message processing module before the preset interruption edge; the message processing module is in the At the time delay set after the preset interruption edge, the real-time service TCP/IP message is automatically sent to the physical port connected to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the time stamp of the actual sending time of the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent. It is attached to the end of the message to realize the calculation of the absolute delay of the path under the time synchronization of the 5G system.
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on preset rules to obtain filtered data; for real-time service messages in the filtered data, the message processing module It is forwarded to the TCP/IP data packet processing module, and the TCP/IP data packet processing module performs TCP/IP protocol unpacking processing on the real-time service message, obtains the original message data, and finally sends it to the real-time service physical channel through the real-time service physical channel.
  • Power secondary equipment realizes that the power secondary equipment sends real-time business message data.
  • the non-real-time network ports are respectively connected with the Ethernet switching chip, and each non-real-time network port receives non-real-time service packets and sends them to the non-real-time transparent forwarding module through the Ethernet switching chip;
  • the packet processing module directly forwards the non-real-time service packets to the 5G communication transceiver module , the 5G communication transceiver module sends the non-real-time service message to the 5G wireless network; when it is determined that there is a real-time service TCP/IP message that needs to be sent, the message processing module
  • the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module at a time delay, and after the real-time service TCP/IP message is sent, the non-real-time service message is sent to the 5G communication transceiver module, and the 5G
  • the message processing module After the message processing module receives the data sent from the 5G communication transceiver module, it filters the received data based on preset rules to obtain filtered data; and forwards the non-real-time service messages in the filtered data. To the non-real-time transparent forwarding module, the non-real-time transparent forwarding module transparently forwards the non-real-time service packets, sends them to the corresponding non-real-time network ports through the Ethernet switching chip, and finally sends them to the power secondary equipment to realize the power The secondary device receives non-real-time service message data.
  • the 5G-based low scheduling delay and high-speed access terminal further includes a time management module and an interrupt synchronization module.
  • the power secondary equipment sends SYNC with time information to the access terminal at regular intervals through the real-time network port. message; the interrupt synchronization module restores the interrupt through the SYNC message, and the time management module performs time synchronization by parsing the time information in the SYNC message.
  • FPGA devices are used for co-processing of SYNC packets sent by power secondary (differential protection) equipment and analysis of SYNC packets by 5G access terminals, which can achieve better synchronization performance.
  • the 5G access device mainly consists of an Ethernet switch interface for non-real-time services, It consists of a dedicated Ethernet interface for real-time business, a data processing unit, a 5G communication transceiver module, and a GPS/Beidou time synchronization module.
  • the Ethernet switching interface for non-real-time services is mainly used to expand 4-way non-real-time service network interfaces from the non-real-time service network port processed by the 1-route FPGA (which can be directly extended by FPGA or extended through switching chips). Multiple power secondary devices are used together to reduce the number of 5G access devices at the site.
  • the dedicated Ethernet interface for real-time business is directly extended and implemented by FPGA, which is specially used in high-performance protection scenarios of relay protection and differential.
  • the data processing unit can use an all-programmable SoC processor, typically including two ARM processors and one FPGA logic unit.
  • CORE 0 runs the Linux operating system and is mainly used for parameter management, 5G communication transceiver module management, network connection establishment and other functions; CORE 1 runs no operating system programs (real-time scheduling tasks). processing), and deploy the Lwip lightweight TCP/IP protocol stack on it to process the original data packets from the power secondary equipment.
  • the access device is in the form of an independent terminal, which can be used as an independent device to cooperate with the power secondary equipment project.
  • the parameters of the access device are stored in the terminal device, and program upgrades, parameters and configuration files are updated through the local debugging serial port and debugging network port.
  • the 5G access device Since there are no PPS and INT signals on the hardware of the access device, its time and interrupt synchronization mode are different from those of the access module.
  • the 5G access device realizes the time and system interruption synchronization of the real-time application core with the access power secondary relay protection equipment by means of hard real-time and equal-interval message control.
  • the access device in this embodiment has 4 non-real-time service network ports and one real-time service network port on the hardware.
  • the real-time service network port is directly extended by the FPGA on the data processing unit, and the 4 non-real-time service network ports are connected by the FPGA network port. It is obtained through Ethernet switching SWITCH extension.
  • the Ethernet switch SWITCH is internally divided into port VLANs. The four non-real-time service network ports will not send data to each other, and only the data communication interaction between the non-real-time service network port and the FPGA network port can be realized.
  • the real-time service transceiver logic of the 5G access device is the same as the real-time service transceiver logic of the 5G access module.
  • the transceiver logic of non-real-time services is slightly different from that of the 5G access module.
  • the 5G access device extends the Ethernet switch chip. There are 4 non-real-time service network ports, and the 5G access module integrated in the power secondary equipment generally only expands 1 non-real-time service network port by FPGA.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备，所述方法包括接收由实时业务物理通道转发的实时业务报文；对实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文；在预定中断、固定时延时刻将实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。本发明实现了无需在电力二次设备中的实时业务处理器不需要部署TCP/IP协议栈，且能够降低实时业务报文在5G传输全环节的总时延，实现差动保护电气量的快速同步，提升继电保护的速动性。

Description

基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备 技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备。
背景技术
线路差动保护、分布式馈线自动化系统等电力二次设备需要在本地设备与远端设备间实现低时延的数据通信，用于传输电气量、开关、刀闸状态等信息，实现故障快速判断、快速切除及故障后快速恢复等功能。传统的做法是在设备间铺设专用光缆作为数据传输通道，这种做法存在有些设备所在地不具备光纤铺设条件、光缆铺设工作量大、后期维护工作量大、维护成本高等问题。
随着5G通信技术的日渐成熟，其特有的高可靠性、超低时延等特性，使基于5G通信的差动保护、分布式馈线自动化系统等应用变为可能。使用低时延5G通信替代设备间的光缆通信可以避免铺设大量光缆；同时后期维护只需要在设备端进行，维护方便。
5G通信技术是第五代移动通信技术是最新一代蜂窝移动通信技术，也是继4G、3G、2G系统之后的延伸。5G的性能目标是提高数据速率、减少延迟、节省能源、降低成本、提升系统容量以及实现大规模设备连接。Release-15中的5G规范的第一阶段是为了适应早期的商业部署。Release-16的第二阶段将于2020年4月完成，作为IMT-2020技术的候选提交给国际电信联盟。ITU IMT-2020规范要求速度高达20Gbit/s，可以实现宽信道带宽和大容量MIMO。
为了适配未来不同服务的需求，5G网络被寄予了非常高的期望。ITU将5G时代的业务归纳成三种典型的类型，移动超宽带业务(Enhance Mobile Broadband,eMBB)、超高可靠性低时延业务(Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication,uRLLC)和大规模物联网(Massive Machine Type Communication,mMTC)。eMBB应用场景主要包括广域覆盖和高用户密集度的热点区域，特点是不需要特别的服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)保障，需要尽可能大的带宽，实现极致的流量吞吐，并尽可能降低时延。优化目标为最小化物理资源消耗，保证较高的吞吐率。uRLLC应用场景主要对吞吐量及时延有比较严苛的要求，比如远程医疗及交通安全等，特点是具有严格的QoS保障及低传输时延。优化目标为最小化链路传输跳数，以降低传输时延。mMTC应用场景主要是实现海量设备连接，设备间传输容量相对较低的非延迟敏感数据，特点是需要较高的数据处理能力及较低的阻塞率。优化目标为最小化链路带宽的资源消耗，以避免传输数据发生阻塞。
上述三种5G业务中，uRLLC业务具有严格的QoS保障、低传输时延(空口延迟<1ms，端到端延迟<5ms)等特点，非常适合替代光缆实现线路差动保护、分布式FA等应用。
现有技术中提出了《一种基于5G网络的配电网分布式差动保护方法及系统与流程》的实现方案，该方案中数字化保护装置分别连接至各自对应的5G无线终端，在5G无线终端中设置虚拟服务器，使得与对端5G无线终端相连的数字化保护装置的数据可以被转发到本端的数字保护装置，从而实现两个数字化保护装置数据的交互。数字化保护装置之间在发送数据时，基于TCP/IP协议，数字化保护装置上需要部署TCP/IP协议软件。数字化保护装置首先将封装好的TCP/IP数据通过本端5G无线终端发送给对端5G无线终端，之后由对端5G无线终端通过有线转发给所连的数字化保护装置。
现有技术下，数字化保护装置之间在发送数据时都是基于TCP/IP协议，5G无线终端只是实现有线数据与5G数据间的透传，数字化保护装置与5G无线终端间只能收发TCP/IP报文，这就要求在数字化保护装置上需要部署TCP/IP协议栈。
对于通信时延要求不高的应用，可以使用操作系统自带的TCP/IP协议栈来进行报文的处理。但是对于差动保护等对通信实时性和同步性要求非常高的业务，就不能使用操作系统来处理TCP/IP协议，操作系统自身的调度时延具有较大的离散不确定性，信息传输的总时延也相对较大，无法满足差动保护对数据时延和同步的性能要求，不能实现继电保护的速动性要求，影响电网安全运行。
另外，也可以在数字化保护装置上应用处理器的硬实时调度系统(无操作系统)环境下部署轻量级的TCP/IP协议栈。但部署协议栈会影响保护算法应用程序的结构并影响应用处理器实时业务的响应机时，严重时会影响的整个装置系统的实时性和可靠性，可能导致保护功能出错，影响电网保护的运行。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出一种适用电力场景的5G接入方法、模组、终端及电力二次设备，实现了无需在电力二次设备中的实时业务处理器不需要部署TCP/IP协议栈，且能够降低实时业务报文在5G传输全环节的总时延，实现差动保护电气量的快速同步，提升继电保护的速动性，。
为了实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，包括：
接收由实时业务物理通道转发的实时业务报文；
对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文；
在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
接收由非实时业务物理通道转发的非实时业务报文；
当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；
当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
当接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，则对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备；
对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，则对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
可选地，所述在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，具体为：
在预设的中断沿后固定时刻，将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，并将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，包括TCP/IP数据包处理模块、报文处理模块和5G通信收发模块；
所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块对接收到的实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文，并发送至报文处理模块；
所述报文处理模块在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。
可选地，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时 延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
可选地，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
可选地，所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，还包括实时业务物理通道，所述实时业务物理通道接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块。
可选地，所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，还包括非实时业务物理通道和非实时透明转发模块；
所述非实时业务物理通道接收非实时业务报文，并发送至非实时透明转发模块；
所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文，当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
可选地，所述非实时透明转发模块将获取到的原始非实时数据报文进行透明转发至报文处理模块的非实时发送缓冲区，所述报文处理模块判断当前是否有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文，如果有则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后再发送本次的非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，如果没有则直接将所述非实时业务报文发送至5G通信收发模块。
可选地，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
可选地，所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，还包括PPS同步信号线、 INT中断同步物理信号线、系统时间管理模块和中断同步模块；
所述PPS同步信号线一端与所述系统时间管理模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用所述PPS同步信号线实现二次电力设备对所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的时间秒沿同步；
所述INT中断同步物理信号线的一端与所述中断同步模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用INT中断同步物理信号线将二次电力设备的中断信号接入所述中断同步模块，作为所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的中断信号。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，包括：前述的基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组和实时网口；所述实时网口接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块。
可选地，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
可选地，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
可选地，所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，还包括若干个非实时网口、以太网交换芯片和非实时透明转发模块；
所述各非实时网口分别与所述以太网交换芯片相连，各非实时网口接收非实时业务报文，经以太网交换芯片发送至非实时透明转发模块；
所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文；
当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；
当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先将实时业务报文在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实 时业务TCP/IP业务报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
可选地，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，经以太网交换芯片送入对应的非实时网口，最后被送入电力二次设备。
可选地，所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，还包括时间管理模块和中断同步模块；电力二次设备通过实时网口，等间隔向接入终端发送带有时间信息的SYNC报文；所述中断同步模块通过SYNC报文复原中断，所述时间管理模块通过解析SYNC报文中的时间信息进行时间同步。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种电力二次设备，其特征在于，包括主处理器板和第二方面中任一项所述的基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，所述主处理器板与所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组相连，实现通信。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
本发明实现了无需在电力二次设备中的实时业务处理器不需要部署TCP/IP协议栈，且能够降低实时业务报文在5G传输全环节的总时延，实现差动保护电气量的快速同步，提升继电保护的速动性，提升电网运行的可靠性。
进一步地，本发明能够实现电力二次设备通过5G低调度时延与实时高速接入模组或接入终端实现5G实时通信扩展，TCP/IP协议栈部署在5G接入模组或终端中，电力二次设备中的实时业务处理器不需要部署TCP/IP协议栈，对电力二次设备实时业务程序的结构不会造成影响，不会影响系统的实时性及功能。
进一步地，本发明支持在一个接入模组或接入终端中同时实现实时业务及非实时业务并存，避免在同时有实时及非实时业务通信需求的电力二次设备上部署多个5G接入设备，减少了硬件成本及系统复杂度。
本发明支持多个电力二次设备通过同一个接入终端实现非实时5G通信业务扩展，可以减少配电房或变电站中5G接入设备以及交换机的数量，节约建设投资。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中：
图1是电力二次设备通过5G接入装置实现低调度时延5G接入的框图；
图2是电力二次设备传输5G实时业务报文时的时延计算示意图；
图3是电力二次设备与5G接入装置之间通过网络建立中断同步关系；
图4是5G接入装置报文按优先级发送时序；
图5是电力二次设备集成5G接入装置实现5G低调度时延和实时高速接入具体实施方式图例；
图6是电力二次设备与5G接入装置之间私有报文格式；
图7是5G接入装置增加发送时标的发送侧实时业务5G报文格式；
图8是5G接入装置增加接收时标的接收侧实时业务5G报文格式；
图9是两个非实时应用间的5G交互报文格式；
图10是电力二次设备与独立外置5G接入装置实现5G低调度时延和实时高速接入具体实施方式图例。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例中提出了一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)接收由实时业务物理通道转发的实时业务报文；
(2)对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文；
(3)在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中；
(4)接收由非实时业务物理通道转发的非实时业务报文，当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
在本发明实施例的一种具体实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，则对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备；
对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，则对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
如图1所示为基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入系统，所述系统包括电力二次设备、数据处理单元、5G通信收发模块和5G基站；所述数据处理单元中植入了能够实现本发明实施例中的基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法的程序；
所述电力二次设备产生实时业务报文和非实时业务报文，所述实时业务报文通过实时业务物理通道转发至数据处理单元；所述非实时业务报文通过非实时业务物理通道转发至数据处理单元；
所述数据处理单元中包括TCP/IP数据包处理模块、非实时透明转发模块和报文处理模块；所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文，并发送至报文处理模块；所述非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发至报文处理模块；
所述报文转发模块判断当前有无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文，当无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
数据处理单元是电力二次设备和5G通信收发模块之间的数据桥梁，实现按收发数据的实时性要求进行不同逻辑处理的功能。数据处理单元与电力二次设备间的实时与非实时通信使用不同的物理接口通道，通过数据处理单元上的实时与非实时业务融合管控技术，创造性地实现了实时与非实时业务的并存。
实施例2
本发明实施例中提出电力二次设备通过基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入设备，用于实现5G低调度时延与实时高速接入，技术方案如图1所示。
所述5G接入设备基于不同的存在形态，可以分为基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模 组和基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，但是所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组和基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端的本质功能是一致的。所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组用于集成到电力二次设备内部，其形态为电力二次设备内部集成的一个接入模组；所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端独立存在电力二次设备外部，其形态为一个外部接入终端。
电力二次设备与基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端间的连接方式不限，只要是能够传输数据的通道即可，可以为有线方式，也可以为无线方式，典型为高速以太网通道。数据处理单元是基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端的核心部件，是电力二次设备和5G通信收发模块之间的数据桥梁，实现按收发数据的实时性和同步性要求进行不同逻辑处理的功能。数据处理单元与电力二次设备间的实时与非实时通信使用不同的物理接口通道，通过数据处理单元上的实时与非实时业务融合管控技术，创造性地实现了实时与非实时业务在基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端中的并存。
传输实时业务数据时，数据处理单元对发送的实时业务报文进行原始数据与TCP/IP报文间的转换，并将转换后的实时业务TCP/IP报文在电力二次设备硬中断沿后固定时刻发送给5G通信收发模块，保证每次实际发送报文之间的间隔一致、调度响应一致；同时，对接收到的来自5G通信收发模块的数据通过实时业务白名单进行过滤，针对其中的实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理后，将原始电力业务数据通过实时业务物理通道发送给电力二次设备的实时应用服务程序。
传输非实时业务数据时，电力二次设备使用装置操作系统自带TCP/IP协议栈进行报文数据的解析与封装，基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端的数据处理单元只对报文进行透明转发，不对报文内容进行处理，可支持多个本地非实时业务物理通道通过基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端实现5G通信扩展。
数据处理单元形式不限，可以是处理器、可编程逻辑器件或SoC等。数据处理单元与5G通信收发模块之间设有数据通道。5G通信收发模块通过管理通道连接至管理模块，管理通道负责使用AT指令设置5G通信收发模块的工作方式以及获取5G通信收发模块的各种状态信息；数据通道则实现真正业务数据报文的传输。
数据处理单元还具有参数配置及保存功能，数据处理单元负责与需要通信的实时对端电力二次设备建立TCP/IP连接，所需要的对端设备IP地址、端口号等参数配置在数据处理单元中，电力二次设备无需关心，实现电力二次设备对参数的无感。
此外，电力二次设备与基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端保持时间系 统同步，可通过电力二次设备对基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端进行对时同步，也可两者各自通过外部对时源(如GPS或北斗等)进行各自时间同步，保证电力二次设备与基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端之间系统时间的一致性。
特别地：电力二次设备与基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端也保持控制周期硬实时中断的同步，用于实现实时业务报文的发送时刻及时延控制功能。
实时业务报文的发送时刻控制功能，采用与电力二次设备装置主中断同步的发送控制机制，即每次报文的发送时刻与中断成固定时间差，电力二次设备主应用处理业务模块可以通过私有协议对发送报文的时延参数进行设置。基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端的数据处理单元在系统主中断沿前将所需发送数据填入发送缓冲区，在中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
电力二次设备发送数据流程如下：
实时业务报文：电力二次设备连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端，主应用处理业务模块将自定义的原始实时业务报文发送给数据处理单元，数据处理单元完成TCP/IP协议的实时处理，处理完成后数据处理单元会将实时业务TCP/IP报文在预定中断、固定时延时刻发送给5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将报文发送到5G无线网络中；
非实时业务报文：电力二次设备连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端，主处理应用业务模块使用自带TCP/IP协议完成数据打包后发送给数据处理单元，数据处理单元将报文透明转发给5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将报文发送到5G无线网络中。
电力二次设备接收数据流程：
5G通信收发模块接收到来自5G无线网络的报文，并将报传送给连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端内的数据处理单元，数据处理单元通过接收到的报文帧内MAC的源地址判断该报文是否属于实时业务报文。实时业务源地址白名单通过参数配置，针对实时报文在报文尾处打上接收时刻时标。数据处理单元对接收到的实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解析，并将解析后的原始报文数据按自定义格式通过实时通道发送给电力二次设备的继电保护实时应用程序；对接收到的非实时业务报文则直接通过非实时通道，透明转发给电力二次设备的非实时应用程序。
在进行实时业务报文收发时，可计算报文传输路径的总延时，如图2所示。计算中涉 及4个时间信息，发送侧基于数据处理单元在向5G通信收发模块发送报文时，将原始报文数据写入TCP/IP协议栈发送缓冲区的时刻T1，IP数据包封装完成后实际发送时刻T2；接收侧基于连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端在接收到此报文时，链路层实际接收时刻T3和IP数据包解包后的时刻T4，覆盖传输路径上的4个关键节点，通过这4个时间，可以获得每个节点间的时延。这4个节点时间信息中，T1和T4由数据处理单元写入，T2和T3由数据处理单元内以硬件时标方式插入。
电力二次设备内部集成基于连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的同步通过物理硬件IO同步信号实现。当外接基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端时，电力二次设备与连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端之间通过网络方式建立中断同步关系，如图3所示。方法是：电力二次设备在中断INT1时发送同步(SYNC)报文，这个INT1比电力二次设备的主中断INT0提前一定时间t1，用于补偿SYNC报文传输所需的发送时间。基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端在收到SYNC报文后恢复出本地中断INT，实现与电力二次设备INT0之间的同步。
当外接基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端时，电力二次设备与基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端之间通过网络方式建立时间同步关系。电力二次设备在发送SYNC报文时，将本地的时间信息(世纪秒)嵌入报文中，基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端在复原中断时，通过解析报文内容获得电力二次设备上的时间信息，从而建立时间同步。特别地：电力二次(差动保护)设备发送SYNC报文和基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端解析SYNC报文都采用FPGA器件进行协处理，能获得更好地同步性能。
连接到基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组或接入终端，在实现与电力二次设备同步后，按同步信号发送报文，每次同步开始优先发送实时报文，每中断一包，如图4所示。实时报文发送完毕后，计算剩余时间，间隙再发送其他非实时报文。非实时报文按“尽力而为”原则，尽可能将需要发送的报文全部发出，如果本中断剩余时间不够发送一帧完整的非实时报文时，将该报文推迟到下一中断，以免影响下一个中断开始时实时报文的优先发送。
在本发明实施例的一种具体实施方式中，如图1和5所示，所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组包括：实时业务物理通道、TCP/IP数据包处理模块、报文处理模块、5G通信收发模块，以及非实时业务物理通道和非实时透明转发模块；
所述实时业务物理通道接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块；
所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时 业务TCP/IP报文，并发送至报文处理模块；所述报文处理模块在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。具体地，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算，实现电力二次设备发送实时业务报文数据。
当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备，实现电力二次设备接收实时业务报文数据。
所述非实时业务物理通道接收非实时业务报文，并发送至非实时透明转发模块；
所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文，当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实时业务TCP/IP业务报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。具体地，所述非实时透明转发模块将获取到的原始非实时数据报文进行透明转发至报文处理模块的非实时发送缓冲区，所述报文处理模块判断当前是否有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文，如果有则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后再发送本次的非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，如果没有则直接发送至5G通信收发模块，实现电力二次设备发送非实时业务报文数据。
当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备，实现电力二次设备接收非实时业务报文数据。
所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，还包括PPS同步信号线、INT中断同步物理信号线、系统时间管理模块和中断同步模块；所述PPS同步信号线一端与所述系统时间管理模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用所述PPS同步信号线实现二次电力设备的时间信号与所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组之间的时间秒沿同步；
所述INT中断同步物理信号线的一端与所述中断同步模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用INT中断同步物理信号线将二次电力设备的中断信号接入所述中断同步模块，作为所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的中断信号。
如图5所示，为将本发明实施例中的5G接入设备以接入模组的形式集成在电力二次设备内部时的结构示意图，即提供了一种电力二次设备，主处理器板与5G接入装置(即基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组)同在一个电力二次设备内部，两者通过背板总线进行连接。主处理器板通过两路CAN与5G接入装置连接，实现接入装置的配置、管理及运行信息监测。主处理器板与接入装置间有两路以太网通道，通过背板LVDS差分对直连，不需要以太网PHY和变压器，分别用于传输实时业务数据与非实时业务数据。同时，背板上留有PPS同步信号线，用于实现主处理器板对接入装置的时间秒沿同步；背板上还留有INT中断同步物理信号线，用于实现主处理器板对接入装置的主中断同步。
5G接入装置主要由数据处理单元、5G通信收发模块以及GPS对时模块组成。
数据处理单元采用全可编程SoC处理器，包含两个ARM处理器和1个FPGA逻辑单元。
两个ARM处理器可分为CORE 0和CORE 1，CORE 0运行无操作系统程序，主要用于5G通信收发模块管理、建立网络连接等功能；CORE 1运行无操作系统程序，并在其上部署Lwip轻量级TCP/IP协议栈，用于处理来自电力二次设备的原始电力数据报文。
主处理器板通过管理CAN实现对接入装置的管理功能，接入装置本地无需部署参数管理功能。上电初始化信息由主处理器板在上电阶段通过管理CAN下发，实现接入装置所需要的变量、参数的初始化，所有的参数存储在主处理器板上，方便系统运行、维护。支持主处理器板通过管理CAN对接入装置的所有程序进行在线更新。
FPGA逻辑单元用于扩展与主处理器板的实时、非实时业务以太网口以及与5G通信收发模块连接的数据以太网口。
FPGA逻辑单元上的时间管理模块，支持通过背板秒脉冲及外部GPS模块两种方式，实现5G接入装置的本地时间同步及维护功能。FPGA上的中断同步模块通过背板INT信号实现接入装置与主处理器板间的主中断同步，用于实现实时业务报文的发送时刻控制功能。
主处理器板与5G接入装置之间需要实现同步，分为中断同步和时间同步两方面。中断同步用于实现报文的同步发送，时间同步用于实现报文接收时标的同步。因主处理器板与5G接入装置在同一个装置内部，可以直接将主处理器板的中断(INT)信号通过背板引连接接入装置，作为接入装置的中断信号，从而实现主处理器板与接入装置间的中断同步。主处理器板在装置内部通过CAN总线对接入装置进行世纪秒对时，并通过PPS信号实现主处理器板与接入装置之间的秒沿同步，达到时间同步的目标。
FPGA逻辑单元上实现的报文过滤及优先级控制模块负责对发送的数据进行优先级及定时发送控制，实时业务报文可在中断后的固定时间优先发送，该固定时间参数通过主处理器板配置并在系统初始化的时候下发；FPGA上的报文过滤及优先级控制模块还实现对接收到的报文进行实时及非实时过滤的功能，只有实时业务报文才会传递给CORE 1进行TCP/IP解包处理，非实时业务报文则会直接传递给接入装置的非实时业务网口，进而直接通过非实时业务通道传递到主处理器板的非实时管理核进行相关处理。
FPGA判断接收到的5G数据为实时业务还是非实时业务数据，需要判断接收到的MAC报文中源地址字段是否符合与本接入装置连接的实时业务设备白名单，该白名单也是上电初始化阶段主处理器板通过管理CAN下发的。源地址存在于实时业务设备白名单中，则认为收到的5G数据为实时业务数据。
5G通信收发模块采用同时具备UART和RGMII的双接口的标准模块。数据处理单元与5G通信收发模块间有两个通信接口，CORE 0使用处理器自带的UART串行接口与5G通信收发模块连接，实现5G通信收发模块的管理、网络连接及状态信息获取等功能；CORE 1通过FPGA扩展的千兆以太网口与5G收发模块连接，用以传输实时与非实时业务数据报文，数据类型为标准TCP/IP报文，采用RGMII接口。
上述5G通信收发模块的管理功能如下：
1：主要用于发送AT指令，实现拨号、查询等功能；
2：实现5G通信收发模块固件升级；
3：5G故障诊断，当模块出现问题时，可以根据厂家需求，将模块调试信息通过USB通道传递出来，供分析问题使用。
发送数据流程：电力二次设备的主处理器板通过背板LVDS以太网连接到5G接入装置，将数据报文发送给5G接入装置内的FPGA扩展网口，FPGA程序通过判断网口号来区分数据为实时还是非实时业务数据。
主处理器板与5G接入装置间的实时业务报文采用内部私有报文，通过FPGA实现实时 报文收发通道控制功能，报文格式如图6所示。报文为6字节目标地址，6字节源地址，2字节报文类型(1字节实时端口号，对应不同MAC地址的对侧实时设备)，参考继电保护差动保护HDLC协议最大192字节实时业务报文数据以及末尾4字节FCS符号。
5G接入装置接收到私有报文后，数据处理单元中的CORE 1会将私有报文中的实时端口号替换为包含通信对侧设备IP地址的28字节UDP头数据，并附加发送当前时刻的时标(包含32位世纪秒和32位纳秒时标)到发送报文尾部，重新计算报文长度和报文CRC值，并通过RGMII接口网口发送给5G通信收发模块并发往5G网络，5G接入装置增加发送时标的发送侧实时业务5G报文格式如图7所示。
对端5G接入装置在接收到实时业务5G报文后会将接收时刻时标(包含32位世纪秒和32位纳秒时标)及主运行中断计数器(32位循环计数器)附加在报文尾部，5G接入装置增加接收时标的接收侧实时业务5G报文格式如图8所示。由于收发两侧的5G接入装置均与GPS时间保持同步，故接收时刻时标与发送时刻时标做差，就可以测算出实时业务5G报文在5G网络中传输的时延值。
当发送非实时业务数据报文时，报文格式如图9所示，数据处理单元不对报文内容进行任何处理，直接将报文提交给报文过滤及优先级控制模块的非实时发送缓冲区；报文过滤及优先级控制模块判断当前是否有需要发送的实时业务报文，如果有则等实时报文发送完毕后再发送本次的非实时业务数据报文，如果没有则无需等待直接发送。
当发送实时业务数据报文时，数据处理单元会直接将该报文提交给CORE 1处理器上Lwip协议栈及数据包解析/封装模块，经过CORE 1处理器将原始数据报文转换为IP数据报文后写入FPGA的报文过滤及优先级控制模块中；报文过滤及优先级控制模块将该实时报文写入实时发送缓冲区，并在中断时刻后的固定时延时间将报文优先通过GMAC及RGMII接口发送给5G通信收发模块，固定时延时间参数可以在主处理器板上进行配置。
在报文接收数据流程中的实施方法是：当5G通信收发模块接收到来自5G无线网络的报文，将报文通过RGMII千兆网口透明转发给FPGA的GMAC网口，FPGA在报文上打上接收时刻时标，后快速转发至报文过滤及优先级控制模块对收到的报文进行MAC包源地址判断，通过后实时业务数据则交由CORE 1进行IP解包，CORE 1将解包后的数据按照私有协议通过以太网及实时业务通道传递给主处理器板的实时应用处理核；非实时业务数据则会直接通过非实时业务通道传递给非实时管理核。
在本发明实施例的另一种具体实施方式中，所述一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，包括：实时网口、TCP/IP数据包处理模块、报文处理模块、5G通信收发模块、若 干个非实时网口、以太网交换芯片和非实时透明转发模块；
所述实时网口接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块；
所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文，并发送至报文处理模块；所述报文处理模块在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。具体地，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备，实现电力二次设备发送实时业务报文数据。
所述各非实时网口分别与所述以太网交换芯片相连，各非实时网口接收非实时业务报文，经以太网交换芯片发送至非实时透明转发模块；所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文，当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中，实现电力二次设备发送非实时业务报文数据。
当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，经以太网交换芯片送入对应的非实时网口，最后被送入电力二次设备，实现电力二次设备接收非实时业务报文数据。
所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，还包括时间管理模块和中断同步 模块，电力二次设备通过实时网口，等间隔向接入终端发送带有时间信息的SYNC报文；所述中断同步模块通过SYNC报文复原中断，所述时间管理模块通过解析SYNC报文中的时间信息进行时间同步。特别地：电力二次(差动保护)设备发送SYNC报文和5G接入终端解析SYNC报文都采用FPGA器件进行协处理，能获得更好地同步性能。
如图10所示，为将本发明实施例中的5G接入装置以独立形式存在于电力二次设备之外时的结构示意图，5G接入装置主要由非实时业务用的以太网交换接口、实时业务用的专用以太网接口，数据处理单元、5G通信收发模块以及GPS/北斗对时模块组成。
非实时业务用的以太网交换接口主要用于从1路由FPGA处理的非实时业务网口扩展出4路非实时业务网络接口(可以是FPGA直接扩展也可以是通过交换芯片扩展)，可提供给多个电力二次设备共同使用，减少站点5G接入装置数量。
实时业务用的专用以太网接口直接由FPGA进行扩展及实现，专门用于继电保护差动类高性能保护场景使用。
数据处理单元可采用全可编程SoC处理器，典型是包含两个ARM处理器和1个FPGA逻辑单元。
两个ARM处理器分别命名为CORE 0和CORE 1，CORE 0运行Linux操作系统，主要用于参数管理、5G通信收发模块管理、建立网络连接等功能；CORE 1运行无操作系统程序(实时调度任务处理)，并在其上部署Lwip轻量级TCP/IP协议栈，用于处理来自电力二次设备的原始数据报文。
与5G接入模组不同，接入装置为独立终端形态，可作为独立设备配合电力二次设备工程使用。接入装置的参数存储在本终端装置中，通过本地调试串口及调试网口进行程序升级及参数、配置文件的更新。
由于接入装置硬件上没有PPS及INT信号，故其时间及中断同步模式与接入模组有所不同。5G接入装置通过实时网口，以硬实时、等间隔报文控制方式实现与接入电力二次继电保护设备之间实时应用核的时间及系统中断同步。
本实施例的接入装置硬件上具备4路非实时业务网口和一个实时业务网口，实时业务网口直接由数据处理单元上的FPGA扩展，4路非实时业务网口则由FPGA网口经过以太网交换SWITCH扩展得到。以太网交换SWITCH内部划分端口VLAN，4路非实时业务网口之间不会互相发送数据，只能实现非实时业务网口与FPGA网口间的数据通信交互。
5G接入装置的实时业务收发逻辑与5G接入模组的实时业务收发逻辑相同，非实时业务的收发逻辑与5G接入模组略有不同，5G接入装置通过以太网SWITCH芯片扩展出了4 路非实时业务网口，而集成于电力二次设备内部的5G接入模组一般只由FPGA扩展出1路非实时业务网口。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等 效物界定。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接收由实时业务物理通道转发的实时业务报文；
    对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文；
    在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，其特征在于：所述方法还包括：
    接收由非实时业务物理通道转发的非实时业务报文；
    当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；
    当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，使得5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，其特征在于：所述方法还包括：
    当接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
    对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，则对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备；
    对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，则对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入方法，其特征在于：所述在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，具体为：
    在预设的中断沿后固定时刻，将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，并将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
  5. 一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于：包括TCP/IP数据包处理模块、报文处理模块和5G通信收发模块；
    所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块对接收到的实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议封装处理，获得实时业务TCP/IP报文，并发送至报文处理模块；
    所述报文处理模块在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给所述5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送到5G无线网络中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
    对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，还包括实时业务物理通道，所述实时业务物理通道接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，还包括非实时业务物理通道和非实时透明转发模块；
    所述非实时业务物理通道接收非实时业务报文，并发送至非实时透明转发模块；
    所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文，当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，所述非实时透明转发模块将获取到的原始非实时数据报文进行透明转发至报文处理模块的非实时发送缓冲区，所述报文处理模块判断当前是否有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文，如果有则等实时业务TCP/IP报文发送完毕后再发送本次的非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，如果没有则直接将所述非实时业务报文发送至5G通信收发模块。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
    对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，最后通过非实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，其特征在于，还包括PPS同步信号线、INT中断同步物理信号线、系统时间管理模块和中断同步模块；
    所述PPS同步信号线一端与所述系统时间管理模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用所述PPS同步信号线实现二次电力设备对所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的时间秒沿同步；
    所述INT中断同步物理信号线的一端与所述中断同步模块相连，另一端用于与二次电力设备相连，利用INT中断同步物理信号线将二次电力设备的中断信号接入所述中断同步模块，作为所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组的中断信号。
  13. 一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，包括：权利要求5所述的基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组和实时网口；所述实时网口接收实时业务报文，并发送至TCP/IP数据包处理模块。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，所述TCP/IP数据包处理模块在预设的中断沿前将所需发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文填入报文处理模块的实时发送缓冲区；所述报文处理模块在预设的中断沿后设定的时延时刻，自动将实时业务TCP/IP报文发出到与5G通信收发模块相连接的物理端口，并将实时业务TCP/IP报文实际发送时刻的时标附加于报文尾，实现5G系统时间同步下的路径绝对延时的计算。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预 设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
    对于过滤数据中的实时业务报文，报文处理模块将其转发给TCP/IP数据包处理模块，由TCP/IP数据包处理模块对所述实时业务报文进行TCP/IP协议解包处理，获得原始报文数据，最后通过实时业务物理通道发送至电力二次设备。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，还包括若干个非实时网口、以太网交换芯片和非实时透明转发模块；
    所述各非实时网口分别与所述以太网交换芯片相连，各非实时网口接收非实时业务报文，经以太网交换芯片发送至非实时透明转发模块；
    所述报文处理模块接收由非实时透明转发模块转发的非实时业务报文；
    当判断出当前无需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块直接将所述非实时业务报文转发至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中；
    当判断出当前有需要发送的实时业务TCP/IP报文时，则报文处理模块先将实时业务报文在预定中断、固定时延时刻将所述实时业务TCP/IP报文发送给5G通信收发模块，待实时业务TCP/IP业务报文发送完毕后，再将所述非实时业务报文至5G通信收发模块，由5G通信收发模块将所述非实时业务报文发送到5G无线网络中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，当所述报文处理模块接收到来自5G通信收发模块发送的数据后，对接收到的数据基于预设的规则进行过滤，获得过滤数据；
    对于过滤数据中的非实时业务报文，将其转发给非实时透明转发模块，由非实时透明转发模块对所述非实时业务报文进行透明转发，经以太网交换芯片送入对应的非实时网口，最后被送入电力二次设备。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的一种基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入终端，其特征在于，还包括时间管理模块和中断同步模块；电力二次设备通过实时网口，等间隔向接入终端发送带有时间信息的SYNC报文；所述中断同步模块通过SYNC报文复原中断，所述时间管理模块通过解析SYNC报文中的时间信息进行时间同步。
  19. 一种电力二次设备，其特征在于，包括主处理器板和权利要求5-12中任一项所述的基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组，所述主处理器板与所述基于5G的低调度时延与高速接入模组相连，实现通信。
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