WO2021056199A1 - 一种通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056199A1
WO2021056199A1 PCT/CN2019/107575 CN2019107575W WO2021056199A1 WO 2021056199 A1 WO2021056199 A1 WO 2021056199A1 CN 2019107575 W CN2019107575 W CN 2019107575W WO 2021056199 A1 WO2021056199 A1 WO 2021056199A1
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Prior art keywords
frame
data
ethernet
virtual
virtual frame
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PCT/CN2019/107575
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄曲芳
范强
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/107575 priority Critical patent/WO2021056199A1/zh
Publication of WO2021056199A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056199A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/324—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of mobile communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and device.
  • Industrial Ethernet that is, the Ethernet used in industrial configuration, has become one of the most popular communication networks due to its low price, stability and reliability, high communication rate, rich software and hardware products, wide application and mature supporting technology.
  • Industrial Ethernet protocols include: EtherNet/IP, PROFINET, Ethernet for control automation technology (EtherCAT), Powerlink, Modbus-TCP, Time-Sensitive Network (TSN), etc.
  • the wireless transmission method When using the wireless transmission method to transmit Ethernet data packets (ie, Ethernet frames), when the data volume of the Ethernet frame is small, the efficiency of the wireless transmission method will be lower, and the wireless transmission overhead will be increased.
  • the present application provides a communication method and device, which are used to reduce the overhead when transmitting Ethernet frames in a wireless manner, so as to improve wireless transmission efficiency.
  • the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: merging at least two Ethernet frames into a virtual frame, and the data of the virtual frame includes the data of the at least two Ethernet frames;
  • the second device sends the virtual frame. Based on the above solution, multiple Ethernet frames in the same cycle (cycle) are combined into a virtual frame, and then wirelessly transmitted to the second device, and the second device parses the virtual frame to obtain the Ethernet frame, thereby reducing the overhead of the Ethernet header. And the head overhead of each layer of the wireless network.
  • the virtual frame is obtained by merging two Ethernet frames, and the frame header of the virtual frame is the same as the frame header of the first Ethernet frame in the first time sequence among the two Ethernet frames.
  • the data of the virtual frame includes data of the two Ethernet frames, and the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence.
  • the two ether frames include a first ether frame and a second ether frame
  • the first ether frame includes a first ether frame data and a first frame check sequence
  • the second ether frame The Ethernet frame includes second Ethernet frame data and a second frame check sequence.
  • the first Ethernet frame data, the first frame check sequence, the second Ethernet frame data, and the second frame check sequence in the virtual frame are sequentially arrangement.
  • the length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of the at least two Ethernet frame data.
  • the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence, and the frame check sequence is determined according to the frame header of the virtual frame and the data of the at least two Ethernet frames.
  • the size of the virtual frame is less than or equal to the maximum size allowed by the wireless transmission mode.
  • the virtual frames are combined at the adaptation layer.
  • the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: receiving a virtual frame from a first device in a wireless transmission manner, the virtual frame is obtained by combining at least two Ethernet frames, and the data of the virtual frame includes the Data of at least two Ethernet frames; split the virtual frame into multiple Ethernet frames.
  • the first device combines multiple Ethernet frames in the same cycle (cycle) into a virtual frame, and then wirelessly receives the virtual frame from the first device, and then parses the virtual frame to obtain the Ethernet frame, thereby reducing The Ethernet header overhead and the header overhead of each layer of the wireless network.
  • the virtual frame is obtained by merging two Ethernet frames, and the frame header of the virtual frame is the same as the frame header of the first Ethernet frame in the first time sequence among the two Ethernet frames.
  • the data of the virtual frame includes the data of the two Ethernet frames, and the virtual frame also includes a frame check sequence; splitting the virtual frame into multiple Ethernet frames includes: splitting the virtual frame Are the two ether frames.
  • the two ether frames include a first ether frame and a second ether frame
  • the first ether frame includes a first ether frame data and a first frame check sequence
  • the second ether frame The Ethernet frame includes second Ethernet frame data and a second frame check sequence.
  • the first Ethernet frame data, the first frame check sequence, the second Ethernet frame data, and the second frame check sequence in the virtual frame are sequentially arrangement.
  • the length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of the at least two Ethernet frame data; according to the length in the frame header of the virtual frame Indication field, determine the data of the virtual frame; split the data of the virtual frame into multiple parts of data; assemble the multiple parts of data into the multiple Ethernet frames, wherein the multiple Each Ethernet frame includes a part of the data in the multi-part data.
  • the length indicated by the length indicator field in the frame header of each divided Ethernet frame is equal to the length of the corresponding part of the data.
  • the frame check sequence of the Ethernet frame is determined according to the corresponding frame header and part of the data.
  • the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence, and the frame check sequence is determined according to the frame header of the virtual frame and the data of the at least two Ethernet frames.
  • the size of the virtual frame is less than or equal to the maximum size allowed by the wireless transmission mode.
  • the virtual frames are combined at the adaptation layer.
  • the present application provides a communication device, which may be a communication device or a chip for a communication device.
  • the device has the function of realizing the above-mentioned first aspect or each embodiment of the first aspect. This function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the present application provides a communication device.
  • the device may be a communication device or a chip for a communication device.
  • the device has the function of realizing the above-mentioned second aspect or each embodiment of the second aspect. This function can be realized by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the present application provides a communication device, including: a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and when the device is running, the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to enable the The device executes the methods described in the above aspects.
  • the device may be a communication device or a chip for a communication device.
  • the present application provides a communication device, including: including units or means for executing each step of the above-mentioned aspects.
  • the device may be a communication device.
  • the present application provides a communication device, including a processor and an interface circuit, where the processor is configured to implement the methods described in the foregoing aspects through the interface circuit.
  • the processor includes one or more.
  • the device may be a chip for communication equipment.
  • the present application provides a communication device, including a processor, configured to be connected to a memory, and configured to call a program stored in the memory to execute the methods described in the foregoing aspects.
  • the memory can be located inside the device or outside the device.
  • the processor includes one or more.
  • the device may be a communication device or a chip for a communication device.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which when run on a computer, cause a processor to execute the methods described in the foregoing aspects.
  • this application also provides a computer program product including instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.
  • the present application also provides a chip system, including a processor, configured to execute the methods described in the foregoing aspects.
  • the present application also provides a communication system, including a communication device used to implement the foregoing first aspect or each embodiment of the first aspect, and a communication device used to implement the foregoing second aspect or each implementation of the second aspect Examples of communication equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an EtherCAT ring topology in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an EtherCAT frame in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is an example diagram of data transmission in the prior art
  • Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of a network architecture applicable to this application.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of another network architecture applicable to this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flow diagram of a communication method provided by this application.
  • FIG. 6 is an example diagram of merging Ethernet frames provided by this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by this application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided by this application.
  • EtherCAT is a real-time Ethernet technology developed and promoted by ETG (EtherCAT Technology Association) under the German Beckoff Company. It is an open network protocol that can communicate between master and slave devices. It uses cluster frames and network topology. Always constitute a logical ring, in each cycle, the master device (also known as the master station, or master node) to some or all of the slave devices (also known as slave stations or slave nodes) send data messages, from a slave The device transmits along the ring topology. When the data message sent by the master device passes through the slave device, the slave device only receives the data sent for it, and at the same time adds its own output data to the message.
  • EtherCAT For ease of understanding, take an example of a high-speed train.
  • the principle of EtherCAT is similar to that of a high-speed train.
  • the "train” (EtherCAT frame) will not stop. We can see the whole train by staring at the train through the window on the platform. When our "acquaintances" are sitting by the window of the train, the people on the platform can greet acquaintances through the window (that is, each slave device can extract or insert data into the data frame sent by the master device, corresponding to each slave device. Part of the address of the device).
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of an EtherCAT ring topology in the prior art.
  • the master device and the slave device are connected by wired transmission, and the slave devices are also connected by wired transmission.
  • An EtherCAT frame includes a frame header (for example, Ethernet header), data (for example, Ethernet data), and a frame check sequence (for example, Frame Check Sequence, FCS).
  • a frame header for example, Ethernet header
  • data for example, Ethernet data
  • a frame check sequence for example, Frame Check Sequence, FCS
  • the frame header can also be called a standard Ethernet frame header, which mainly includes a source address, a destination address, and an Ethernet frame type.
  • the data mainly includes two parts: data header (for example, EtherCAT Header) and message (for example, EtherCAT Datagrams):
  • EtherCAT Header including: data length (Length) indication field, reserved bit (R), data type (Type) indication field; among them, the data length indication field is used to indicate the data length, and the data type indication field is used to indicate the data type .
  • EtherCAT Datagrams including multiple sub-messages, the total length is between 44-1486 bytes.
  • Each sub-message includes a 10-byte sub-message header (Datagram Header), 0-1486 bytes of data (Data), and a 2-byte working counter (WKC).
  • Datagram Header 10-byte sub-message header
  • Data 0-1486 bytes of data
  • WKC 2-byte working counter
  • FCS The frame check sequence
  • FCS also known as the end of the frame
  • FCS is a cyclic redundancy check code.
  • the FCS is calculated from the frame header and data part of the frame.
  • the destination device After the destination device receives it, it calculates the FCS again in the same way. If it is different from the received FCS, the frame is considered to be in the process of transmission. An error occurred, and the frame was chosen to be discarded.
  • FCS provides an error detection mechanism to verify the integrity of the frame during transmission.
  • the FCS in the Ethernet frame occupies a fixed length, generally 4 bytes.
  • the master device of etherCAT periodically sends messages to the slave devices, for example, in cycles (cycle) as a unit to send messages to each slave device. If there are multiple slave devices under the master device, and the sum of the data packet size of each slave device is greater than the maximum size of the Ethernet, multiple Ethernet frames will be sent within one cycle. As an example, as shown in Figure 3, a master device has 20 slave devices. Within a certain cycle, due to the upper limit of the size of the Ethernet frame, data cannot be sent to all slave devices through one Ethernet frame, so it must be split into Multiple Ethernet frames are sent, for example, two Ethernet frames are sent. The first one contains data sent to slave device 1 to slave device 5, and the second contains data sent to slave device 6 to slave device 20. In this way, two All ether frames meet the upper limit of the size of the heart ether frame.
  • FIG. 4A it is a schematic diagram of a network architecture to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
  • this architecture the wired connection between the master device and the slave device in the architecture shown in FIG. 1 is changed to a wireless connection, that is, in the embodiment of the present application, data is transmitted between the master device and the slave device through wireless transmission.
  • the slave device and the slave device can still transmit data through wired transmission or wireless transmission.
  • the slave device 1 shown in the figure (also referred to as the first slave device in the slave device group) can be used as the entrance to the wireless network in the slave device group, and the slave device N (also known as the slave device in the slave device group)
  • the last slave device can be used as an outlet for connecting to the wireless network in the slave device group.
  • an adaptation layer is added between the etherCAT and the 5G protocol stack on the master device, slave device 1 and slave device N. Wherein, N is an integer greater than 1.
  • FIG. 4B it is a schematic diagram of another network architecture applicable to this application.
  • the difference between this architecture and the architecture shown in Figure 4A is that there is only one slave device in the slave device group that is wirelessly connected to the master device, and the slave device (slave device 1 shown in Figure 4B) is the slave device in the slave device group.
  • the entrance and exit of the wireless network connection is optionally, an adaptation layer is added between the etherCAT and 5G protocol stacks on the master device and the slave device 1.
  • the master device uses the wireless connection shown in Figure 4A or Figure 4B (such as a 5G network) to send the two Ethernet frames in the example of Figure 3 to the slave device, for the wireless network, these are two Data packet, so the packet header of the wireless network will be added to the two data packets respectively, and then transmitted through the protocol stacks of each layer of the wireless network.
  • the wireless connection shown in Figure 4A or Figure 4B such as a 5G network
  • data packets During wireless transmission, data packets have a maximum size (such as 9000 bytes) limit. If the size of the data packet transmitted through the wireless network is relatively small, the packet header overhead will be increased.
  • this application provides a communication method that combines multiple Ethernet frames (such as etherCAT frames) in the same cycle into a virtual frame, and then transmits it to the slave device wirelessly to reduce The Ethernet header overhead and the header overhead of each layer of the wireless network.
  • an adaptation layer is added between the etherCAT and the protocol layers of the 5G network, and the adaptation layer completes the merging of the Ethernet frame or the splitting of the virtual frame.
  • the wireless communication between the master device and the slave device can be achieved in the following manner: the master device sends instructions or data to the terminal in a wireless transmission manner through the access network device, and then the terminal transmits the instruction or data to the terminal. Send to the slave device.
  • the terminal can be set independently of the slave device or integrated with the slave device.
  • the slave device can send data or instructions to the terminal, and then the terminal sends the instructions or data to the access network device by means of wireless transmission, and the access network device sends the instructions or data to the master device, thereby realizing the master-slave Wireless communication between devices.
  • the terminal is also referred to as a terminal device or user equipment (UE), which is a device with a wireless communication function and can be connected to a slave device, and is referred to as a terminal device in the following embodiments.
  • the terminal device may be integrated with the slave device.
  • the terminal device may refer to a device integrated with a wireless communication function in a physical entity that integrates the terminal device and the slave device, such as a chip or a system on a chip.
  • Terminal devices may include wireless terminals in industrial control, or terminals with similar requirements in other control systems, such as wireless terminals in self-driving (self-driving) and remote medical surgery (remote medical surgery).
  • Wireless terminal wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, or wireless terminal in smart home, etc.
  • An access network device is a device in a wireless network, such as a radio access network (RAN) node that connects a terminal device to the wireless network.
  • RAN nodes are: gNB, transmission reception point (TRP), evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (Node B) B, NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (for example, home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseband unit) , BBU), or wireless fidelity (Wifi) access point (AP), etc.
  • the access network device may include a centralized unit (CU) node, or a distributed unit (DU) node, or a RAN device including a CU node and a DU node.
  • the RAN includes a baseband device and a radio frequency device.
  • the baseband device can be implemented by one node or multiple nodes.
  • the radio frequency device can be implemented remotely from the baseband device or integrated into the baseband device. Or part of the remote part is integrated in the baseband device.
  • the RAN may include a baseband device and a radio frequency device, where the radio frequency device may be arranged remotely with respect to the baseband device, for example, a remote radio unit (RRU) may be arranged remotely with respect to the BBU.
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • the control plane protocol layer structure can include the radio resource control (RRC) layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, and the media interface. Access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical layer and other protocol layer functions.
  • the user plane protocol layer structure can include the functions of the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer, and the physical layer; in one implementation, the PDCP layer can also include a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer .
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • the functions of these protocol layers can be implemented by one node or multiple nodes; for example, in an evolution structure, the RAN can include a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU).
  • CU centralized unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • Each DU can be centrally controlled by one CU.
  • CU and DU can be divided according to the protocol layer of the wireless network. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer and the above protocol layers are set in the CU, and the protocol layers below the PDCP, such as the RLC layer and the MAC layer, are set in the DU.
  • This type of protocol layer division is just an example, it can also be divided in other protocol layers, for example, in the RLC layer, the functions of the RLC layer and above protocol layers are set in the CU, and the functions of the protocol layers below the RLC layer are set in the DU; Or, in a certain protocol layer, for example, part of the functions of the RLC layer and the functions of the protocol layer above the RLC layer are set in the CU, and the remaining functions of the RLC layer and the functions of the protocol layer below the RLC layer are set in the DU. In addition, it can also be divided in other ways, for example, by time delay. The functions that need to meet the delay requirement for processing time are set in the DU, and the functions that do not need to meet the delay requirement are set in the CU.
  • the radio frequency device can be remote, not placed in the DU, can also be integrated in the DU, or part of the remote part is integrated in the DU, and there is no restriction here.
  • control plane (CP) and the user plane (UP) of the CU can also be separated and realized by dividing them into different entities, namely the control plane CU entity (CU-CP entity) and the user plane CU entity (CU-UP entity) ).
  • the signaling generated by the CU can be sent to the terminal through the DU, or the signaling generated by the terminal can be sent to the CU through the DU.
  • the DU may directly pass the protocol layer encapsulation and transparently transmit to the terminal or CU without analyzing the signaling. If the following embodiments involve the transmission of such signaling between the DU and the terminal, at this time, the sending or receiving of the signaling by the DU includes this scenario.
  • RRC or PDCP layer signaling will eventually be processed as PHY layer signaling and sent to the terminal, or converted from received PHY layer signaling. Under this architecture, the RRC or PDCP layer signaling can also be considered to be sent by the DU, or sent by the DU and radio frequency.
  • the access network device may be a CU node, or a DU node, or a RAN device including a CU node and a DU node.
  • the devices in the following embodiments of the present application may be located in different devices according to their realized functions.
  • the present application provides a communication method, which can be executed by a communication device or a chip of a communication device.
  • the device executes this method as an example for description.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 The first device merges at least two Ethernet frames into one virtual frame, and the data in the virtual frame includes data of the at least two Ethernet frames.
  • the ether frame here may be, for example, etherCAT frame, or other ether frames.
  • the size of the virtual frame is less than or equal to the maximum size allowed by the wireless transmission mode, such as 9000 bytes. With the evolution of technology, the maximum size can be changed.
  • Step 502 The first device sends the virtual frame to the second device through wireless transmission.
  • the second device may receive the virtual frame through wireless transmission.
  • the wireless transmission method may be 5G network transmission, or other network transmission methods in future communications, such as 6th generation (6G) network transmission.
  • 6G 6th generation
  • Step 503 The second device splits the virtual frame into at least two Ethernet frames (that is, splits into multiple Ethernet frames).
  • the number of Ethernet frames before the above merging and the number of Ethernet frames obtained after the virtual frame is split may be the same or different.
  • the first device merges two ether frames into one virtual frame
  • the second device splits the virtual frame into two ether frames, or splits the virtual frame into three or more ether frames.
  • the data in the Ethernet frame after the virtual frame is split and the data in the Ethernet frame before the merge may be the same or different.
  • the first device merges two Ethernet frames into one virtual frame, and the second device splits the virtual frame into two Ethernet frames.
  • There is no restriction on the splitting method It can be split according to the Ethernet frame before the split. Then the two ether frames after splitting can be the same as the ether frames before merging.
  • the two ether frames after splitting also correspond to these data; or, It can be split randomly, and the two ether frames after splitting can be different from the ether frame before merging.
  • the data corresponding to the two ether frames before merging is the data corresponding to the two ether frames after splitting. Not the same. In this regard, this application is not limited.
  • the first device is the master device in FIG. 4A
  • the second device is the first slave device (that is, the slave device 1) in FIG. 4A.
  • the first device is the last slave device (that is, the slave device N) in FIG. 4A
  • the second device is the master device in FIG. 4A.
  • the first device is the master device in FIG. 4B
  • the second device is the first slave device (that is, the slave device 1) in FIG. 4B.
  • the first device is the first slave device in FIG. 4B
  • the second device is the master device in FIG. 4B.
  • the second device when the first device is the master device in FIG. 4A, the second device is the first slave device in FIG. 4A; or, the first device is the master device in FIG. 4A, and the second device is the first device in FIG. 4A.
  • a slave device optionally, after the above step 503, may further include the following step 504.
  • Step 504 The second device sends the split Ethernet frame to the third device through wired transmission.
  • multiple Ethernet frames in the same cycle (cycle) are combined into a virtual frame, and then wirelessly transmitted to the slave device, or the slave device combines multiple Ethernet frames in the same cycle into a virtual frame, and then It is then transmitted to the main device wirelessly, thereby reducing the overhead of the Ethernet header and the overhead of each layer of the wireless network.
  • the virtual frame is obtained by combining two Ethernet frames (the first Ethernet frame and the second Ethernet frame respectively), the frame header of the virtual frame and the frame of the first Ethernet frame with the first time sequence among the two Ethernet frames
  • the header is the same
  • the data of the virtual frame includes the data of two Ethernet frames
  • the virtual frame also includes the frame check sequence.
  • the main difference between the header of the first Ethernet frame and the header of the second Ethernet frame is that the length of the data indicated by the length indication fields may be different, while the destination address, source address and other information are the same.
  • the splitting manner corresponding to the merging method 1 is: splitting the virtual frame into two ether frames, and the two ether frames are respectively the same as the two ether frames before merging the virtual frame. That is, the two ether frames obtained after splitting are the first ether frame and the second ether frame.
  • the first Ethernet frame includes the first Ethernet frame data and the first frame check sequence
  • the second Ethernet frame includes the second Ethernet frame data and the second frame check sequence
  • the first Ethernet frame data, the first The frame check sequence, the second ether frame data, and the second frame check sequence are arranged in sequence, that is, the virtual frame includes the frame header, the first ether frame data, the first frame check sequence, the second ether frame data, and the second frame in sequence Check sequence.
  • Combination mode 2 The length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of at least two Ethernet frame data, and the virtual frame does not include a frame check sequence.
  • Combination mode 3 The length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of at least two Ethernet frame data.
  • the virtual frame also includes a frame check sequence, and the frame check sequence is based on the virtual frame.
  • the frame header of the frame and the data of the at least two Ethernet frames are determined.
  • the above-mentioned merging method 2 and merging method 3 correspond to the splitting method: determine the data of the virtual frame according to the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame; split the data of the virtual frame into at least two parts of data; The frame header of the virtual frame and the at least two parts of data, the virtual frame is split into at least two ether frames, wherein the data of any ether frame after the split is part of the data in the at least two parts of data , The length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of any Ethernet frame after the split is equal to the data length of any Ethernet frame after the split, and the length of any Ethernet frame after the split
  • the frame check sequence is determined according to the frame header of any Ethernet frame after the split and the data of any Ethernet frame after the split. It should be noted that the data of the Ethernet frame after the split and the data of the Ethernet frame before being merged into the virtual frame may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the foregoing splitting method can also be expressed as: determining the data of the virtual frame according to the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame; splitting the data of the virtual frame into multiple parts of data; dividing the multiple parts Data is assembled into the multiple Ethernet frames, wherein the multiple Ethernet frames after the split respectively include a part of the data in the multi-part data, and the length in the frame header of each split Ethernet frame indicates The length indicated by the field is equal to the length of the corresponding part of the data, and the frame check sequence of each split Ethernet frame is determined according to the corresponding frame header and part of the data.
  • the above-mentioned virtual frame may be obtained by combining a newly-added adaptation layer in the communication device.
  • the above three merging methods will be described below with reference to the example in FIG. 6.
  • the first Ethernet frame contains: frame header 1 (Ethernet header1), data 1 (Ethernet Data1) and FCS1
  • the second Ethernet frame contains: frame header 2 (Ethernet header2 ), data 2 (Ethernet Data2) and FCS2.
  • the frame header of the second Ethernet frame only has a different value for the "length" field, and the values of other fields are the same.
  • the length indicator field in the frame header 1 is used to indicate the length of data 1
  • the length indicator field in the frame header 2 is used to indicate the length of data 2.
  • the second device can only restore the merged virtual frame to the original two Ethernet frames.
  • the first device generates two Ethernet frames
  • the first Ethernet frame contains data from device 1 to slave device 5 (ie data 1)
  • the second Ethernet frame contains data from device 6 to slave device 20 (ie Data 2)
  • the first Ethernet frame contains data from device 1 to device 5
  • the second Ethernet frame contains data from device 6 to slave device 20.
  • the frame header of the combined virtual frame is the same as the frame header of the preceding Ethernet frame (ie, frame header 1).
  • the length indicated by the length indicator field in the frame header of the virtual frame is the length of data 1.
  • the receiver ie, the second device
  • the header of the second Ethernet frame is not transmitted to the receiver.
  • the receiver ie, the second device
  • the data 1 and the data 2 are further distinguished according to the length of the entire virtual frame and the length of the FCS (which is a fixed value).
  • the receiver generates the frame header of the second ether frame by itself according to the length of data 2, plus data 2 and FCS2 to restore the complete "second ether frame". Therefore, according to this method, the Ethernet frame after splitting is the same as the Ethernet frame before merging.
  • the FCS is removed and only the data part of the original Ethernet frame is included.
  • the header of the merged virtual frame can be the header of the first Ethernet frame, but the "length" in the header of the virtual frame
  • the value of the indication field needs to be modified to indicate the total length of the “data 1+data 2”.
  • the data part of the virtual frame contains the data of the first Ethernet frame and the data of the second Ethernet frame.
  • the second device can divide the combined virtual frame into two or more Ethernet frames at will, as long as the size of these Ethernet frames meets the size limit of 1500 bytes. After segmentation, the second device also needs to recalculate FCS.
  • the merged virtual frame when merging virtual frames, also includes FCS, which is generated based on the frame header and data of the virtual frame.
  • the method of splitting the virtual frame is the same as the method of splitting the virtual frame corresponding to the merging method 2, and reference may be made to the foregoing description.
  • the multiple Ethernet frames obtained by the second device re-splitting and the multiple Ethernet frames sent by the first device may not have the same number or the same content.
  • the first device sends two Ethernet frames.
  • the first Ethernet frame contains data from device 1 to slave device 5, and the second Ethernet frame contains data from device 6 to slave device 20.
  • the processing may become: the first Ethernet frame contains data from device 1 to slave device 8, and the second Ethernet frame contains data from device 9 to slave device 20.
  • the value of the length indicator field of the Ethernet frame is also different.
  • the aforementioned combination method 1 can only combine two Ethernet frames into one virtual frame, while the aforementioned combination method 2 and combination method 3 can combine two or more Ethernet frames into one virtual frame.
  • the master device merges the ether frames into virtual frames, the first slave device splits the virtual frames into ether frames, and the last slave device merges the ether frames back to the master device. Due to the combination of Ethernet frames and the transmission of larger data packets through the 5G network, the number of data packets is reduced, and thus the header overhead can be reduced.
  • an apparatus for implementing any of the above methods.
  • an apparatus is provided that includes units (or means) for implementing each step performed by the first device in any of the above methods.
  • another device is also provided, including a unit (or means) for implementing each step executed by the second device in any of the above methods.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the device is used in the first device.
  • the device 700 includes a communication unit 701 and a processing unit 702.
  • the processing unit 702 is configured to merge at least two Ethernet frames into a virtual frame, and the data of the virtual frame includes the data of the at least two Ethernet frames;
  • the communication unit 701 is configured to send to the second device through wireless transmission The virtual frame.
  • the virtual frame is obtained by merging two Ethernet frames, and the frame header of the virtual frame is the same as the frame header of the first Ethernet frame in the first time sequence among the two Ethernet frames.
  • the data of the virtual frame includes data of the two Ethernet frames, and the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence.
  • the two ether frames include a first ether frame and a second ether frame
  • the first ether frame includes a first ether frame data and a first frame check sequence
  • the second ether frame The Ethernet frame includes second Ethernet frame data and a second frame check sequence.
  • the first Ethernet frame data, the first frame check sequence, the second Ethernet frame data, and the second frame check sequence in the virtual frame are sequentially arrangement.
  • the length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of the at least two Ethernet frame data.
  • the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence, and the frame check sequence is determined according to the frame header of the virtual frame and the data of the at least two Ethernet frames.
  • the size of the virtual frame is less than or equal to the maximum size allowed by the wireless transmission mode.
  • the virtual frames are combined at the adaptation layer.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the device is used for the second device.
  • the device 800 includes a communication unit 801 and a processing unit 802.
  • the communication unit 801 is configured to receive a virtual frame from a first device in a wireless transmission mode, the virtual frame is obtained by combining at least two Ethernet frames, and the data of the virtual frame includes data of the at least two Ethernet frames; a processing unit 802. Used to split the virtual frame into multiple Ethernet frames.
  • the virtual frame is obtained by merging two Ethernet frames, and the frame header of the virtual frame is the same as the frame header of the first Ethernet frame in the first time sequence among the two Ethernet frames.
  • the data of the virtual frame includes the data of the two Ethernet frames, and the virtual frame also includes a frame check sequence; the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to split the virtual frame into the two Ethernet frames. frame.
  • the two ether frames include a first ether frame and a second ether frame
  • the first ether frame includes a first ether frame data and a first frame check sequence
  • the second ether frame The Ethernet frame includes second Ethernet frame data and a second frame check sequence.
  • the first Ethernet frame data, the first frame check sequence, the second Ethernet frame data, and the second frame check sequence in the virtual frame are sequentially arrangement.
  • the length indicated by the length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame is equal to the sum of the lengths of the at least two Ethernet frame data; the processing unit 802 is specifically configured to The length indication field in the frame header of the virtual frame determines the data of the virtual frame; splits the data of the virtual frame into multiple parts of data; assembles the multiple parts of data into the multiple Ethernet frames, wherein, the multiple Ethernet frames after the split respectively include a part of the data in the multi-part data, and the length indicated by the length indicator field in the frame header of each Ethernet frame after the split is equal to the corresponding part of the data The frame check sequence of each split Ethernet frame is determined according to the corresponding frame header and part of the data.
  • the virtual frame further includes a frame check sequence, and the frame check sequence is determined according to the frame header of the virtual frame and the data of the at least two Ethernet frames.
  • each unit in the device can be all implemented in the form of software called by processing elements; they can also be all implemented in the form of hardware; part of the units can also be implemented in the form of software called by the processing elements, and some of the units can be implemented in the form of hardware.
  • each unit can be a separate processing element, or it can be integrated in a certain chip of the device for implementation.
  • it can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program, which is called and executed by a certain processing element of the device.
  • each step of the above method or each of the above units may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor element or implemented in a form of being called by software through a processing element.
  • the unit in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, for example: one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), or, one or Multiple microprocessors (digital singnal processors, DSPs), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (Field Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGAs), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuits.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital singnal processors
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the unit in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler
  • the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or other processors that can call programs.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
  • the above communication unit is an interface circuit of the device, which is used to receive signals from other devices or send signals to other devices.
  • the communication unit is an interface circuit used by the chip to receive signals from and send signals to other chips or devices.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of this application, which is used to implement the operation of the first device in the above embodiment.
  • the communication device includes: a processor 910, a memory 920, and an interface 930, and the processor 910, the memory 920, and the interface 930 are in signal connection.
  • the method executed by the first device in the above embodiment may be implemented by the processor 910 calling a program stored in the memory 920. That is, the apparatus for a communication device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store a program, and the program is called by the processor to execute the method executed by the first device in the above method embodiment.
  • the processor here may be an integrated circuit with signal processing capability, such as a CPU.
  • the apparatus for communication equipment may be realized by one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method. For example: one or more ASICs, or, one or more microprocessors DSP, or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Or, the above implementations can be combined.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the application, which is used to implement the operation of the second device in the above embodiment.
  • the communication device includes: a processor 1010, a memory 1020, and an interface 1030, and the processor 1010, the memory 1020, and the interface 1030 are connected in signal.
  • the method executed by the second device in the above embodiment may be implemented by the processor 1010 calling a program stored in the memory 1020. That is, the apparatus for a communication device includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store a program, and the program is called by the processor to execute the method executed by the second device in the above method embodiment.
  • the processor here may be an integrated circuit with signal processing capability, such as a CPU.
  • the apparatus for communication equipment may be realized by one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method. For example: one or more ASICs, or, one or more microprocessors DSP, or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Or, the above implementations can be combined.
  • the computer may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • software it can be implemented in the form of a computer program product in whole or in part.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)).
  • the various illustrative logic units and circuits described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by general-purpose processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, Discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of the above are designed to implement or operate the described functions.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor.
  • the general-purpose processor may also be any traditional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • the processor can also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration. achieve.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embedded in hardware, a software unit executed by a processor, or a combination of the two.
  • the software unit can be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other storage medium in the art.
  • the storage medium may be connected to the processor, so that the processor can read information from the storage medium, and can store and write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may also be integrated into the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can be arranged in the ASIC.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种通信方法及装置。该方法包括：将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送所述虚拟帧。基于上述方案，将同一周期(cycle)内的多个以太帧合成一个虚拟帧，然后再通过无线方式传输至第二设备，第二设备解析该虚拟帧得到以太帧，从而实现了降低以太头开销和无线网络各层的头开销。

Description

一种通信方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及移动通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
随着工业4.0概念的不断深入，世界制造业正逐步从数字化领域转向智能化发展，但不论是数字化工厂还是智能化共存，都离不开基本网络通讯的支持。工业以太网，即应用于工业配置的以太网，以其价格低廉、稳定可靠、通信速率高、软硬件产品丰富、应用广泛及支持技术成熟等特点，已成为最受欢迎的通信网络之一。工业以太网协议包括：EtherNet/IP,PROFINET,以太控制自动技术(Ethernet for control automation technology，EtherCAT),Powerlink,Modbus-TCP,时间敏感网络(Time-Sensitive Network，TSN)等。
传统工业以太网通信采用有线连接，但有线连接不利于网络扩展、且存在布线困难等问题，使得采用无线替代有线成为趋势。随着第五代(5th generation，5G)通信技术的发展，越来越多人开始关注用5G来传输工业以太网数据。
在使用无线传输方式传输以太网的数据包(即以太帧)时，当以太帧的数据量较小时，将会导致无线传输方式的效率较低，增加了无线传输的开销。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法及装置，用以降低通过无线方式传输以太帧时的开销，以提升无线传输效率。
第一方面，本申请提供一种通信方法，该方法包括：将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送所述虚拟帧。基于上述方案，将同一周期(cycle)内的多个以太帧合成一个虚拟帧，然后再通过无线方式传输至第二设备，第二设备解析该虚拟帧得到以太帧，从而实现了降低以太头开销和无线网络各层的头开销。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于所述无线传输方式允许的最 大尺寸。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧在适配层合并。
第二方面，本申请提供一种通信方法，该方法包括：通过无线传输方式从第一设备接收虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧由至少两个以太帧合并得到，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧。基于上述方案，第一设备将同一周期(cycle)内的多个以太帧合成一个虚拟帧，然后通过无线方式从第一设备接收到虚拟帧，然后解析该虚拟帧得到以太帧，从而实现了降低以太头开销和无线网络各层的头开销。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列；将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧，包括：将所述虚拟帧拆分为所述两个以太帧。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和；根据所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定所述虚拟帧的数据；将所述虚拟帧的数据拆分为多部分数据；将所述多部分数据，组装为所述多个以太帧，其中，拆分后的所述多个以太帧分别包括所述多部分数据中的一部分数据，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所对应的一部分数据的长度，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧校验序列是根据对应的帧头和一部分数据确定的。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于所述无线传输方式允许的最大尺寸。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧在适配层合并。
第三方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，该装置可以是通信设备，还可以是用于通信设备的芯片。该装置具有实现上述第一方面或第一方面的各实施例的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
第四方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，该装置可以是通信设备，还可以是用于通信设备的芯片。该装置具有实现上述第二方面或第二方面的各实施例的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
第五方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和存储器；该存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，当该装置运行时，该处理器执行该存储器存储的该计算机执行指令，以使该装置执行如上述各方面所述的方法。该装置可以是通信设备或用于通信设备的芯片。
第六方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，包括：包括用于执行上述各方面的各个步骤的单元或手段(means)。该装置可以是通信设备。
第七方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，包括处理器和接口电路，所述处理器用于通过 接口电路实现上述各方面所述的方法。该处理器包括一个或多个。该装置可以是用于通信设备的芯片。
第八方面，本申请提供一种通信装置，包括处理器，用于与存储器相连，用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序，以执行上述各方面所述的方法。该存储器可以位于该装置之内，也可以位于该装置之外。且该处理器包括一个或多个。该装置可以是通信设备或用于通信设备的芯片。
第九方面，本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得处理器执行上述各方面所述的方法。
第十方面，本申请还提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述各方面所述的方法。
第十一方面，本申请还提供一种芯片系统，包括：处理器，用于执行上述各方面所述的方法。
第十二方面，本申请还提供一种通信系统，包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的各实施例的通信设备，和，用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的各实施例的通信设备。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的EtherCAT环形拓扑结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中的EtherCAT帧的结构示意图；
图3为现有技术数据传输示例图；
图4A为本申请所适用的一种网络架构示意图；
图4B为本申请所适用的又一种网络架构示意图；
图5为本申请提供的一种通信方法流程示意图；
图6为本申请提供的合并以太帧的示例图；
图7为本申请提供的一种通信装置示意图；
图8为本申请提供的又一种通信装置示意图；
图9为本申请提供的一种通信设备示意图；
图10为本申请提供的又一种通信设备示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。方法实施例中的具体操作方法也可以应用于装置实施例或系统实施例中。其中，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
本申请以EtherCAT以太网为例进行说明，但本申请方案并不限于EtherCAT，也可以应用于其他与本申请有相同技术问题的以太网，这里不做限制。
下面先对EtherCAT协议及原理进行介绍。
EtherCAT是德国Beckoff公司旗下的ETG(EtherCAT技术协会)负责研发并推广的一种实时以太网技术，它是一种开放的网络协议，可以进行主从设备之间的通信，采用集束帧，网络拓扑总是构成一个逻辑环，在每个周期，主设备(也称为主站、或主节点)向一部分或全部从设备(也称为从站、或从节点)发送数据报文，从一个从设备沿环形拓扑 结构进行传输，当主设备发送的数据报文传输经过从设备时，从设备仅接收为其发送的数据，同时添加自己的输出数据到报文中。
为了便于理解，举一个高速列车的例子。EtherCAT的原理类似于高速列车，“火车”(EtherCAT帧)的行驶不会停，在站台上通过窗口一直盯着火车看，我们可以看到整个火车。当火车的窗户边坐的是我们的“熟人”时，站台上的人通过窗口可以跟熟人打招呼(即，每个从设备可以提取或者插入数据到主设备发出的数据帧中对应于每个从设备的地址的部分)。
如图1所示，为现有技术中的EtherCAT环形拓扑结构示意图。主设备与从设备之间通过有线传输的方式进行连接，从设备之间也通过有线传输的方式进行连接。一个环形拓扑结构中有一个主设备和至少一个从设备。
如图2所示，为现有技术中的EtherCAT帧的结构示意图。一个EtherCAT帧包括帧头(例如,Ethernet header)、数据(例如,Ethernet data)和帧校验序列(例如,Frame Check Sequence，FCS)。
其中，帧头也可以称为标准以太网帧头，主要包括源地址、目的地址、以太帧类型等。
数据主要包括两个部分：数据头(例如,EtherCAT Header)和报文(例如,EtherCAT Datagrams)：
1)EtherCAT Header，包含：数据长度(Length)指示域、保留位(R)、数据类型(Type)指示域；其中，数据长度指示域用于指示数据长度，数据类型指示域用于指示数据类型。
2)EtherCAT Datagrams，包含多个子报文，总长度在44-1486字节之间。每个子报文包括10字节的子报文头(Datagram Header)、0-1486字节数据(Data)和2字节工作计数器(working counter，WKC)。
帧校验序列(FCS)，也称为帧尾，是一段循环冗余校验码。源设备发送数据帧时，由帧的帧头和数据部分计算得出FCS，目的设备接收到后，用同样的方式再计算一遍FCS，如果与接收到的FCS不同，则认为帧在传输过程中发生了错误，从而选择丢弃这个帧。FCS提供了一种错误检测机制，用来验证帧在传输过程中的完整性。以太帧中的FCS占用的长度固定，一般为4字节。
etherCAT的主设备周期性向从设备发送消息,例如以周期(cycle)为单位，向各个从设备发消息。如果主设备下面带有多个从设备，各个从设备的数据包尺寸加起来大于以太网的最大尺寸，就会在一个cycle的时间内发送多个以太帧。作为示例，如图3所示，一个主设备带了20个从设备，某一个cycle内，受限于以太帧的尺寸上限，无法通过一个以太帧向所有从设备发数据，所以要拆分成多个以太帧进行发送,例如发两个以太帧，第一个包含发给从设备1至从设备5的数据，第二个包含发给从设备6至从设备20的数据，这样，两个以太帧都符合心以太帧的尺寸上限。
如图4A所示，为本申请实施例所适用的一种网络架构示意图。该架构中，是将图1所示的架构中的主设备与从设备之间的有线连接改为无线连接，即本申请实施例中，主设备与从设备之间是通过无线传输方式进行数据传输的，从设备与从设备之间可以仍然通过有线传输方式进行数据传输,也可以通过无线传输方式进行数据传输。其中，图中所示的从设备1(也称为从设备组中的第一个从设备)可以作为从设备组中与无线网络连接的入口，从设备N(也称为从设备组中的最后一个从设备)可以作为从设备组中与无线网络连接的出口。可选的，在主设备、从设备1和从设备N上的etherCAT和5G协议栈之间增加适配 层。其中，N为大于1的整数。
如图4B所示，为本申请所适用的又一种网络架构示意图。该架构与图4A所示的架构的区别在于：从设备组中只有一个从设备与主设备进行无线连接，该从设备(如图4B中所示的从设备1)即为从设备组中与无线网络连接的入口和出口。可选的，在主设备和从设备1上的etherCAT和5G协议栈之间增加适配层。
可以看出，若主设备采用图4A或图4B所示的无线连接(如5G网络)的方式，向从设备发送图3示例中的两个以太帧，对无线网络来说，这是两个数据包，所以会为这两个数据包分别增加无线网络的包头，再经过无线网络的各层协议栈传输。
无线传输时，数据包有一个最大尺寸(如9000字节)的限制。如果通过无线网络传输的数据包的尺寸比较小，则会增加包头开销。
为降低无线传输时的包头开销，本申请提供一种通信方法，该方法将同一cycle内的多个以太帧(如etherCAT帧)合成一个虚拟帧，然后再通过无线方式传输至从设备，以降低以太头开销和无线网络各层的头开销。可选的，在etherCAT和5G网络的协议层之间增加一个适配层，由该适配层完成以太帧的合并或虚拟帧的拆分。
作为一种实现方法，主设备与从设备之间的无线通信可以通过以下方式实现：主设备通过接入网设备，将指令或数据以无线传输的方式发送给终端，然后该终端将指令或数据发送给从设备，该终端可以独立于从设备设置，也可以集成于从设备。相应的，从设备可以将数据或指令发送给终端，然后终端将指令或数据以无线传输的方式发送给接入网设备，接入网设备再将指令或数据发送给主设备，从而实现主从设备之间的无线通信。
在本申请实施例中，终端又称之为终端装置或用户设备(user equipment，UE)，为具有无线通信功能的装置，且可以与从设备连接，以下实施例中称为终端装置。该终端装置可以与从设备集成在一起，此时该终端装置可以指集成有终端装置和从设备的物理实体中的集成有无线通信功能的装置，例如芯片或片上系统。终端装置可以包括工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端，也可以为其它控制系统中有类似需求的终端，例如无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、或智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等。
接入网设备是无线网络中的设备，例如将终端装置接入到无线网络的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)节点。目前，一些RAN节点的举例为：gNB、传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station,BTS)、家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，或无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wifi)接入点(access point，AP)等。在一种网络结构中，接入网设备可以包括集中单元(centralized unit，CU)节点、或分布单元(distributed unit，DU)节点、或包括CU节点和DU节点的RAN设备。
在一种网络架构中，RAN包括基带装置和射频装置，其中基带装置可以由一个节点实现，也可以由多个节点实现，射频装置可以从基带装置拉远独立实现，也可以集成基带装置中，或者部分拉远部分集成在基带装置中。例如，RAN可以包括基带装置和射频装置，其中射频装置可以相对于基带装置拉远布置，例如射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU) 相对于BBU拉远布置。
RAN和终端之间的通信遵循一定的协议层结构。例如控制面协议层结构可以包括无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)层、分组数据汇聚层协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层、无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)层和物理层等协议层的功能。用户面协议层结构可以包括PDCP层、RLC层、MAC层和物理层等协议层的功能；在一种实现中，PDCP层之上还可以包括业务数据适配(service data adaptation protocol,SDAP)层。这些协议层的功能可以由一个节点实现，或者可以由多个节点实现；例如，在一种演进结构中，RAN可以包括集中单元(centralized unit，CU)和分布单元(distributed unit，DU)，多个DU可以由一个CU集中控制。CU和DU可以根据无线网络的协议层划分，例如PDCP层及以上协议层的功能设置在CU，PDCP以下的协议层，例如RLC层和MAC层等的功能设置在DU。这种协议层的划分仅仅是一种举例，还可以在其它协议层划分，例如在RLC层划分，将RLC层及以上协议层的功能设置在CU，RLC层以下协议层的功能设置在DU；或者，在某个协议层中划分，例如将RLC层的部分功能和RLC层以上的协议层的功能设置在CU，将RLC层的剩余功能和RLC层以下的协议层的功能设置在DU。此外，也可以按其它方式划分，例如按时延划分，将处理时间需要满足时延要求的功能设置在DU，不需要满足该时延要求的功能设置在CU。
可选的，射频装置可以拉远，不放在DU中，也可以集成在DU中，或者部分拉远部分集成在DU中，在此不作任何限制。
可选的，还可以将CU的控制面(CP)和用户面(UP)分离，分成不同实体来实现，分别为控制面CU实体(CU-CP实体)和用户面CU实体(CU-UP实体)。
在以上网络架构中，CU产生的信令可以通过DU发送给终端，或者终端产生的信令可以通过DU发送给CU。DU可以不对该信令进行解析而直接通过协议层封装而透传给终端或CU。以下实施例中如果涉及这种信令在DU和终端之间的传输，此时，DU对信令的发送或接收包括这种场景。例如，RRC或PDCP层的信令最终会处理为PHY层的信令发送给终端，或者，由接收到的PHY层的信令转变而来。在这种架构下，该RRC或PDCP层的信令，即也可以认为是由DU发送的，或者，由DU和射频发送的。
当采用以上CU-DU的结构时，接入网设备可以为CU节点、或DU节点、或包括CU节点和DU节点的RAN设备。
本申请以下实施例中的装置，根据其实现的功能，可以位于不同的设备。
基于图4A或图4B所示的网络架构，为解决上述问题，本申请提供一种通信方法，该方法可以由通信设备或通信设备的芯片执行，下面以通信设备(包括第一设备、第二设备)执行该方法为例进行说明。
如图5所示，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤501，第一设备将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧内的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据。
这里的以太帧例如可以是etherCAT帧，或者也可以是其他以太帧。
该虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于无线传输方式允许的最大尺寸，如9000字节等,随着技术的演进,该最大尺寸可以变化。
步骤502，第一设备通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送该虚拟帧。相应地，第二设备可以通过无线传输方式接收到该虚拟帧。
可选的，该无线传输方式可以是5G网络传输，或未来通信中的其他网络传输方式，如第六代(6th generation，6G)网络传输等。
步骤503，第二设备将虚拟帧拆分为至少两个以太帧(也即拆分为多个以太帧)。
需要说明的是，上述合并之前的以太帧的数量与将虚拟帧拆分之后得到的以太帧的数量可以相同，也可以不同。例如,第一设备将两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧,第二设备将虚拟帧拆分为两个以太帧,或者,将虚拟帧拆分为三个或更多以太帧。此外，虚拟帧拆分后的以太帧内的数据与合并之前的以太帧内的数据可以相同，也可以不同。例如，第一设备将两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧,第二设备将虚拟帧拆分为两个以太帧，对拆分方式不做限制，可以按照拆分之前的以太帧进行拆分，则拆分后的两个以太帧可以与合并之前的以太帧分别相同，该情形下合并之前的两个以太帧各自对应哪些数据，则拆分后的两个以太帧还对应这些数据；或者，可以随机进行拆分，则拆分后的两个以太帧可以与合并之前的以太帧不同，该情形下合并之前的两个以太帧对应的数据，与拆分后的两个以太帧对应的数据不相同。对此，本申请不做限定。
上述方法中，基于图4A所示的网络架构，第一设备为图4A中的主设备，第二设备为图4A中的第一个从设备(即从设备1)。或者，第一设备为图4A中的最后一个从设备(即从设备N)，第二设备为图4A中的主设备。
上述方法中，基于图4B所示的网络架构，第一设备为图4B中的主设备，第二设备为图4B中的第一个从设备(即从设备1)。或者，第一设备为图4B中的第一个从设备，第二设备为图4B中的主设备。
其中，当第一设备为图4A中的主设备，第二设备为图4A中的第一个从设备；或者，第一设备为图4A中的主设备，第二设备为图4A中的第一个从设备，可选的，在上述步骤503之后，还可以包括以下步骤504。
步骤504，第二设备通过有线传输方式向第三设备发送拆分后的以太帧。
基于上述方案，将同一周期(cycle)内的多个以太帧合成一个虚拟帧，然后再通过无线方式传输至从设备，或者是从设备将同一cycle内的多个以太帧合成一个虚拟帧，然后再通过无线方式传输至主设备，从而实现了降低以太头开销和无线网络各层的头开销。
下面对上述步骤501中虚拟帧的合成方式以及相应的拆分方式进行介绍说明。
合并方式1，虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧(分别为第一以太帧和第二以太帧)合并得到的，虚拟帧的帧头与两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，虚拟帧的数据包括两个以太帧的数据，虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列。
其中，第一以太帧的帧头和第二以太帧的帧头的主要区别在于：长度指示域分别指示的数据的长度可能不同，而目的地址、源地址等信息则是相同的。
该合并方式1对应的拆分方式为：将所述虚拟帧拆分为两个以太帧，该两个以太帧分别与合并虚拟帧之前的两个以太帧相同。也即，拆分后得到的两个以太帧即为第一以太帧和第二以太帧。
作为一种实现方式，第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列，即虚拟帧依次包括帧头、第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验 序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列。
合并方式2，虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和，且虚拟帧不包括帧校验序列。
合并方式3，虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和，虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
上述该合并方式2和合并方式3对应的拆分方式为：根据虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定虚拟帧的数据；将虚拟帧的数据拆分为至少两部分数据；根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两部分数据，将所述虚拟帧拆分为至少两个以太帧，其中，拆分后的任一以太帧的数据为所述至少两部分数据中的一部分数据，所述拆分后的任一以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述拆分后的任一以太帧的数据的长度，所述拆分后的任一以太帧的帧校验序列是根据所述拆分后的任一以太帧的帧头和所述拆分后的任一以太帧的数据确定的。需要说明的是，拆分后的以太帧的数据与合并为虚拟帧之前的以太帧的数据可以相同，也可以不同，对此本申请实施例不做限定。
上述拆分方式也可以表述为：根据所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定所述虚拟帧的数据；将所述虚拟帧的数据拆分为多部分数据；将所述多部分数据，组装为所述多个以太帧，其中，拆分后的所述多个以太帧分别包括所述多部分数据中的一部分数据，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所对应的一部分数据的长度，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧校验序列是根据对应的帧头和一部分数据确定的。
作为一种实现方法，上述虚拟帧可以是在通信设备内新增的适配层进行合并得到的。
下面结合图6的示例，对上述三种合并方式进行说明。如图6，合并前，有两个以太帧，第一个以太帧包含：帧头1(Ethernet header1)、数据1(Ethernet Data1)和FCS1，第二个以太帧包含：帧头2(Ethernet header2)、数据2(Ethernet Data2)和FCS2。第二个以太帧的帧头，与第一个以太帧的帧头相比，只有“长度”这一字段的取值不同，其它字段的取值都相同。其中，帧头1中的长度指示域用于指示数据1的长度，帧头2中的长度指示域用于指示数据2的长度。
按照上述合并方式1，不改变FCS的位置，也不改变FCS的取值。对这种方式，第二设备只能将合并后的虚拟帧恢复成原来的两个以太帧。比如第一设备生成两个以太帧，第一个以太帧中包含从设备1至从设备5的数据(即数据1)，第二个以太帧中包含从设备6至从设备20的数据(即数据2)，经过第二设备的处理，只能恢复成为：第一个以太帧中包含从设备1至从设备5的数据，第二个以太帧中包含从设备6至从设备20的数据。合并后的虚拟帧的帧头与时序在先的以太帧的帧头(即帧头1)相同，因此虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度为数据1的长度。也就是说，只有第一个以太帧的帧头通过无线接口传输到接收方(即第二设备)，第二个以太帧的帧头不会传输到接收方。接收方(即第二设备)接收到合并后的虚拟帧后，解这个虚拟帧的帧头，读出长度指示域，根据该长度指示域，知道FCS1在合并后的虚拟帧中的位置，从而进一步根据整个虚拟帧的长度以及FCS的长度(是固定值)将数据1和数据2区分开。同时，接收方根据数据2的长度，自行生成第二个以太帧的帧头，再加上数据2和FCS2，还原出完整的“第二个以太帧”。因此，根据该方法，拆分后的以太帧与合并前的以太帧相同。
按照上述合并方式2，去掉FCS，只包含原来以太帧的数据部分，具体的，合并后的虚拟帧的帧头可以采用第一个以太帧的帧头，但虚拟帧的帧头中的“长度指示域”的取值需要修改为指示“数据1+数据2”的总长度，虚拟帧的数据部分包含第一个以太帧的数据和第二个以太帧的数据。对这种方式，第二设备可以将合并后的虚拟帧随意分割成两个或两个以上的以太帧，只要这些以太帧的尺寸符合1500字节的尺寸限制即可。分割后，第二设备还需要重新计算FCS。
上述合并方式3与上述合并方式2的主要区别在于：合并虚拟帧时，合并后的虚拟帧中还包括FCS，该FCS是根据虚拟帧的帧头和数据生成的。该合并方式3中，拆分虚拟帧的方式与合并方式2对应的拆分虚拟帧的方式相同，可参考前述描述。
需要说明的是，针对上述合并方式2或合并方式3，第二设备重新拆分得到的多个以太帧，与第一设备发送的多个以太帧，数量不一定相同，内容也不一定相同。比如:第一设备发送两个以太帧，第一个以太帧中包含从设备1至从设备5的数据，第二个以太帧中包含从设备6至从设备20的数据，经过第二设备的处理，可能变为：第一个以太帧中包含从设备1至从设备8的数据，第二个以太帧中包含从设备9至从设备20的数据。相应地，以太帧的长度指示域的取值也不同。
上述合并方式1只能将两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，而上述合并方式2和合并方式3可以将两个或两个以上的以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧。
通过上述方法，主设备中将以太帧合并为虚拟帧，第一从设备将虚拟帧拆分为以太帧，最后一个从设备再将以太帧合并传回主设备。由于将以太帧合并，通过5G网络传输尺寸较大的数据包，减少了数据包的数量，因而可以降低头开销。
本申请实施例还提供用于实现以上任一种方法的装置，例如，提供一种装置包括用以实现以上任一种方法中第一设备所执行的各个步骤的单元(或手段)。再如，还提供另一种装置，包括用以实现以上任一种方法中第二设备所执行的各个步骤的单元(或手段)。
例如，请参考图7，其为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的示意图。该装置用于第一设备，如图7所示，该装置700包括通信单元701和处理单元702。处理单元702，用于将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；通信单元701，用于通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送所述虚拟帧。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于所述无线传输方式允许的最 大尺寸。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧在适配层合并。
可以理解的是，该装置用于上述通信方法时的具体实现过程以及相应的有益效果，可以参考前述方法实施例中的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
例如，请参考图8，其为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信装置的示意图。该装置用于第二设备，如图8所示，该装置800包括通信单元801和处理单元802。通信单元801，用于通过无线传输方式从第一设备接收虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧由至少两个以太帧合并得到，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；处理单元802，用于将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列；所述处理单元802，具体用于将所述虚拟帧拆分为所述两个以太帧。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和；所述处理单元802，具体用于根据所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定所述虚拟帧的数据；将所述虚拟帧的数据拆分为多部分数据；将所述多部分数据，组装为所述多个以太帧，其中，拆分后的所述多个以太帧分别包括所述多部分数据中的一部分数据，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所对应的一部分数据的长度，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧校验序列是根据对应的帧头和一部分数据确定的。
在一种可能的实现方法中，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
可以理解的是，该装置用于上述通信方法时的具体实现过程以及相应的有益效果，可以参考前述方法实施例中的相关描述，这里不再赘述。
应理解以上装置中单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。且装置中的单元可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现；也可以全部以硬件的形式实现；还可以部分单元以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现，部分单元以硬件的形式实现。例如，各个单元可以为单独设立的处理元件，也可以集成在装置的某一个芯片中实现，此外，也可以以程序的形式存储于存储器中，由装置的某一个处理元件调用并执行该单元的功能。此外这些单元全部或部分可以集成在一起，也可以独立实现。这里所述的处理元件又可以成为处理器，可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤或以上各个单元可以通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路实现或者以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现。
在一个例子中，以上任一装置中的单元可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)， 或，一个或多个微处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。再如，当装置中的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现时，该处理元件可以是通用处理器，例如中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)或其它可以调用程序的处理器。再如，这些单元可以集成在一起，以片上系统(system-on-a-chip，SOC)的形式实现。
以上通信单元是一种该装置的接口电路，用于从其它装置接收信号或向其它装置发送信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该通信单元是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号，及向其它芯片或装置发送信号的接口电路。
参考图9，其为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备的结构示意图，用于实现以上实施例中第一设备的操作。如图9所示，该通信设备包括：处理器910，存储器920，和接口930，处理器910、存储器920和接口930信号连接。
以上实施例中第一设备执行的方法可以通过处理器910调用存储器920中存储的程序来实现。即，用于通信设备的装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器用于存储程序，该程序被处理器调用，以执行以上方法实施例中的第一设备执行的方法。这里的处理器可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路，例如CPU。用于通信设备的装置可以通过配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路来实现。例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个微处理器DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA等，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。或者，可以结合以上实现方式。
参考图10，其为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信设备的结构示意图，用于实现以上实施例中第二设备的操作。如图10所示，该通信设备包括：处理器1010，存储器1020，和接口1030，处理器1010、存储器1020和接口1030信号连接。
以上实施例中第二设备执行的方法可以通过处理器1010调用存储器1020中存储的程序来实现。即，用于通信设备的装置包括存储器和处理器，存储器用于存储程序，该程序被处理器调用，以执行以上方法实施例中的第二设备执行的方法。这里的处理器可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路，例如CPU。用于通信设备的装置可以通过配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路来实现。例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个微处理器DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA等，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。或者，可以结合以上实现方式。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：本申请中涉及的第一、第二等各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围，也表示先后顺序。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、 数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包括一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。
本申请实施例中所描述的各种说明性的逻辑单元和电路可以通过通用处理器，数字信号处理器，专用集成电路(ASIC)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置，离散门或晶体管逻辑，离散硬件部件，或上述任何组合的设计来实现或操作所描述的功能。通用处理器可以为微处理器，可选地，该通用处理器也可以为任何传统的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可以通过计算装置的组合来实现，例如数字信号处理器和微处理器，多个微处理器，一个或多个微处理器联合一个数字信号处理器核，或任何其它类似的配置来实现。
本申请实施例中所描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接嵌入硬件、处理器执行的软件单元、或者这两者的结合。软件单元可以存储于RAM存储器、闪存、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM或本领域中其它任意形式的存储媒介中。示例性地，存储媒介可以与处理器连接，以使得处理器可以从存储媒介中读取信息，并可以向存储媒介存写信息。可选地，存储媒介还可以集成到处理器中。处理器和存储媒介可以设置于ASIC中。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；
    通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送所述虚拟帧。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于所述无线传输方式允许的最大尺寸。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧在适配层合并。
  8. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    通过无线传输方式从第一设备接收虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧由至少两个以太帧合并得到，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；
    将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列；
    将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧，包括：
    将所述虚拟帧拆分为所述两个以太帧。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和；
    将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧，包括：
    根据所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定所述虚拟帧的数据；
    将所述虚拟帧的数据拆分为多部分数据；
    将所述多部分数据，组装为所述多个以太帧，其中，拆分后的所述多个以太帧分别包括所述多部分数据中的一部分数据，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的 长度等于所对应的一部分数据的长度，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧校验序列是根据对应的帧头和一部分数据确定的。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
  13. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于将至少两个以太帧合并为一个虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；
    通信单元，用于通过无线传输方式向第二设备发送所述虚拟帧。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
  18. 如权利要求13-17任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的尺寸小于或等于所述无线传输方式允许的最大尺寸。
  19. 如权利要求13-18任一所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧在适配层合并。
  20. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    通信单元，用于通过无线传输方式从第一设备接收虚拟帧，所述虚拟帧由至少两个以太帧合并得到，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述至少两个以太帧的数据；
    处理单元，用于将所述虚拟帧拆分为多个以太帧。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧是根据两个以太帧合并得到的，所述虚拟帧的帧头与所述两个以太帧中时序在先的第一以太帧的帧头相同，所述虚拟帧的数据包括所述两个以太帧的数据，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列；
    所述处理单元，具体用于将所述虚拟帧拆分为所述两个以太帧。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述两个以太帧包括第一以太帧和第二以太帧，所述第一以太帧包括第一以太帧数据和第一帧校验序列，所述第二以太帧包括第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列，所述虚拟帧中的所述第一以太帧数据、第一帧校验序列、第二以太帧数据和第二帧校验序列依次排列。
  23. 如权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所述至少两个以太帧数据的长度之和；
    所述处理单元，具体用于根据所述虚拟帧的帧头中的长度指示域，确定所述虚拟帧的数据；将所述虚拟帧的数据拆分为多部分数据；将所述多部分数据，组装为所述多个以太帧，其中，拆分后的所述多个以太帧分别包括所述多部分数据中的一部分数据，每个拆分后的以太帧的帧头中的长度指示域所指示的长度等于所对应的一部分数据的长度，每个拆 分后的以太帧的帧校验序列是根据对应的帧头和一部分数据确定的。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述虚拟帧还包括帧校验序列，所述帧校验序列是根据所述虚拟帧的帧头和所述至少两个以太帧的数据确定的。
  25. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备用于执行如权利要求1-7任一所述的方法。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备为环形拓扑结构中的主设备，所述第二设备为环形拓扑结构中的第一个从设备；或者，
    所述通信设备为环形拓扑结构中的最后一个从设备，所述第二设备为环形拓扑结构中的主设备。
  27. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备用于执行如权利要求8-12任一所述的方法。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述通信设备为环形拓扑结构中的第一个从设备，所述第一设备为环形拓扑结构中的主设备。
  29. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：用于执行权利要求1-7任一所述的各个步骤的单元。
  30. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，用于调用存储器中的程序，以执行权利要求1-7任一所述的方法。
  31. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路用于与其它装置通信，所述处理器用于执行权利要求1-7任一所述的方法。
  32. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：用于执行权利要求8-12任一所述的各个步骤的单元。
  33. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，用于调用存储器中的程序，以执行权利要求8-12任一所述的方法。
  34. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路用于与其它装置通信，所述处理器用于执行权利要求8-12任一所述的方法。
  35. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储程序，所述程序被处理器调用时，权利要求1-12任一所述的方法被执行。
  36. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，当所述程序被处理器调用时，权利要求1-12任一所述的方法被执行。
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