WO2022057411A1 - 顶紧工具、螺栓安装装置及高压压气机转子的组装方法 - Google Patents

顶紧工具、螺栓安装装置及高压压气机转子的组装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057411A1
WO2022057411A1 PCT/CN2021/105544 CN2021105544W WO2022057411A1 WO 2022057411 A1 WO2022057411 A1 WO 2022057411A1 CN 2021105544 W CN2021105544 W CN 2021105544W WO 2022057411 A1 WO2022057411 A1 WO 2022057411A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide
extrusion
piece
top piece
transmission
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PCT/CN2021/105544
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡一廷
母文省
潘非
周宇乾
Original Assignee
中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司
中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司, 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 filed Critical 中国航发上海商用航空发动机制造有限责任公司
Priority to CA3196017A priority Critical patent/CA3196017A1/en
Priority to US18/246,053 priority patent/US11958149B2/en
Priority to EP21868240.9A priority patent/EP4215309A1/en
Priority to JP2023518148A priority patent/JP2023542187A/ja
Publication of WO2022057411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057411A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
    • B23P21/004—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control the units passing two or more work-stations whilst being composed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
    • B25B13/481—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating in areas having limited access
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
    • B25B23/08—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of engine assembly, in particular to a jacking tool, a bolt installation device and an assembly method of a high-pressure compressor rotor.
  • the high-pressure compressor rotor is an important part of the aero-engine, which consists of multi-stage disc drums, which are connected by threaded fasteners.
  • the high pressure compressor rotor 100 of the example model engine includes a first disk drum 110 , a second disk drum 120 and a third disk drum 130 , wherein the third disk drum 130 is composed of an upper disk drum 131 and a lower disk drum 132 Welded into one.
  • the first disk drum 110, the second disk drum 120 and the third disk drum 130 are connected by a plurality of bolts 105 and a plurality of nuts 106, and the diameter of the rotor disk core 107 (through hole in the center of the multi-stage disk drum) is small,
  • the distance between the installation position of the bolt 105 and the disk center 107 is large, the axial distance between the adjacent disk drums is small, and the axial distance between the installation position of the bolt 105 and the rear end surface 104 of the multi-stage disk drum is large, and the multi-level disk
  • the drum is an inverted cone, and the connection between the inner wall of the drum and the web of the drum is provided with rounded corners.
  • connection between the web 112 of the first drum 110 and the inner wall 113 is provided with a rounded corner 115, which leads to the lower part of the installation position of the bolt 105.
  • It is an irregular plane, which belongs to a typical deep cavity and narrow out-of-plane space.
  • the worker needs to deliver the bolt 105 from the hub 107 to the installation hole 108 .
  • the worker needs to manually fix the bolt 105 until the nut 106 is tightened. Due to the large number of bolts 105, the installation space is extremely small and invisible, and the installation is difficult.
  • the worker needs to stretch his arm into the aforementioned narrow space of the deep cavity, and grope the bolts 105 to the installation holes 108 by hand. Keeping the bolts 105 fixed by hand for a long time consumes a lot of physical strength, takes a long time to complete the installation of the whole circle of the bolts 105, and the installation efficiency is low.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-locking jacking tool, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate.
  • the top-tightening tool for achieving the above-mentioned purpose includes: a support, which provides a guide portion for a top piece, a guide portion for an extrusion piece, and a guide groove for a transmission piece;
  • the matching part, the guide part of the top piece and the guide matching part of the top piece are slidably matched;
  • the extrusion part has a transmission slope and a guide matching part of the extrusion part, the guide matching part of the extrusion part and the guide matching part of the extrusion part are
  • a lever is slidably fitted to guide the extruder to slide; a lever has a first end, a second end and a hinge portion between the first end and the second end, and the hinge portion is hinged at the place
  • the transmission member is slidingly matched with the guide groove of the transmission member; wherein, when the extrusion member slides in the pressing direction, the transmission inclined surface of the extrusion member forces the transmission member to slide, so The transmission member then acts on the second end of
  • the outer side slides out to play a jacking effect.
  • the reaction force of the transmission member acting on the transmission slope and the friction between the guide matching part of the extrusion part and the guide part of the extrusion part, the The extrusion piece is in a frictional self-locking state, whereby the sliding fit between the extrusion piece guide fitting portion and the extrusion piece guide portion is braked, thereby locking the sliding top piece.
  • the distance from the hinge portion to the first end is greater than the distance from the hinge portion to the second end.
  • the top piece guide portion and the top piece guide fitting portion are fitted with a dead point, so as to prevent the top piece from falling off the support.
  • the support includes a top wall, and the top wall is provided with a through top piece chute, and the top piece chute serves as the top piece guide portion .
  • the support comprises two side walls, the top piece is at least partially disposed in the space between the two side walls, the two side walls
  • the wall is respectively provided with a guide chute or a guide pin or a guide boss as the guide part of the top piece, and correspondingly, a guide pin or a guide boss or a guide chute is set on the top piece as a guide and matching part of the top piece , or use the outer surface of the top piece as the guide and matching part of the top piece.
  • the support includes two vertical side walls, and the top piece is at least partially disposed in the space between the two vertical side walls, so The lever is sandwiched between the two vertical side walls, and the hinge part is hinged with the two vertical side walls respectively; guide slides in the horizontal direction are respectively arranged on the two vertical side walls.
  • a groove or a guide pin or a guide boss is used as the guide part of the extrusion part, and correspondingly, a guide pin or a guide boss or a guide chute in the horizontal direction is provided on the extrusion part to guide the extrusion part.
  • a matching part; a vertical guide chute, a guide pin or a guide boss are respectively provided on the two vertical side walls as the guide part of the top piece, and a vertical direction is correspondingly set on the top piece
  • the guide pin or the guide boss or the guide chute is used as the guide fitting part of the top piece, or the outer surface of the top piece is used as the guide fitting part of the top piece; on the two vertical side walls, respectively
  • the transmission member guide groove is provided in the vertical direction, and the transmission member is respectively matched with the transmission member guide groove through a transmission pin shaft;
  • the extrusion member includes a middle wall and two on both sides of the middle wall.
  • a side arm, the two side arms respectively provide the transmission inclined surface, and cooperate with the transmission pin shaft, and the middle wall or/and the two side arms are provided with the extruded piece guide fitting part.
  • the transmission member includes a transmission pin and a roller disposed on the transmission pin, and the second end of the lever is connected by the roller and the lever. Contact fit.
  • the transmission member is integral with the second end of the lever, and the transmission member guide groove is an arc centered on the hinge portion groove.
  • the jacking tool can realize self-locking, and can maintain the state of jacking up bolts or other workpieces without applying continuous external force, so as to facilitate subsequent installation or other operations on the bolts or other workpieces.
  • the clamping tool has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low production cost, and is easy to operate.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-locking bolt installation device, which is used to realize bolt installation in a narrow space with different planes in a deep cavity and improve installation efficiency.
  • a bolting device for achieving the stated object for the installation of a multi-stage disc drum of a high pressure compressor rotor, comprising a plurality of any of the aforementioned jacking tools, the jacking tools being adapted to be placed on the disk below the bolt mounting location
  • the spokes of the hub are provided with unlocking pieces connected with the pressing pieces, the pressing pieces slide along the radial direction of the disk drum, and the unlocking pieces extend from the bolt installation position to the disk core.
  • the support is provided with a chamfered portion facing the inner wall of the disk drum, so as to avoid the inner wall of the disk drum from being connected to the spokes rounded corners.
  • the unlocking member is a cord or a chain.
  • the bolt installation device can realize self-locking, and can maintain the state of tightening the bolt without applying continuous external force, so as to facilitate the installation of the threaded fastener, free one hand of the worker, and improve the installation efficiency.
  • the bolt mounting device has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low production cost, and is convenient to operate. It can be conveniently used even in a position that is difficult to reach or has limited operating space, such as the aforementioned deep cavity and narrow space with different planes. installation efficiency.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for assembling a high-pressure compressor rotor, which is used to realize bolt installation in a narrow space with different planes in a deep cavity, and improve installation efficiency.
  • the method for assembling a high-pressure compressor rotor for achieving the stated purpose includes connecting the multi-stage disc drums with bolts, first arranging any of the aforementioned bolt installation devices on the spokes of the disc drum below the bolt installation positions, and using the The tightening tool tightens the bolts respectively, and then superimposes the adjacent disk drums on the lower disk drums, and allows the tightened bolts to pass through the bolts of the adjacent disk drums hole.
  • the assembling method of the high-pressure compressor rotor pre-tightens the bolts on the lower disk drum through the tightening tool, and then superimposes the adjacent disk drum on the lower disk drum, so that the placement process of the bolts can be seen, which is different from the traditional method.
  • workers do not need to place bolts in the narrow space of deep cavity and different planes by hand, and do not need to keep the bolts fixed by hand, which reduces the difficulty of installation and workers. It can greatly improve the installation efficiency of bolts, shorten the installation cycle of bolts, and reduce process costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-stage disc drum connection structure of a high-pressure compressor rotor according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a bolt mounting device according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bolt mounting device in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exploded partial component of a bolt mounting device in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the stress state of the extrusion part according to the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a lever according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission member according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial perspective schematic view of the bolt installation device according to one or more embodiments when the bolt is tightened.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a half-sided drum omitted when the bolt installation device is tightening the bolts according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the half-sided drum omitted, in the unlocked and removed state of the bolt mounting device according to one or more embodiments.
  • first and second features are formed in a direct relationship
  • first and second features are formed in a direct relationship
  • additional features may be repeated in various instances throughout these disclosures. This repetition is for brevity and clarity and does not in itself represent a relationship between the various embodiments and/or structures being discussed.
  • first element when a first element is described as being connected or combined with a second element, the description includes embodiments in which the first and second elements are directly connected or combined with each other, and also includes the addition of one or more other intervening elements.
  • the first and second elements are indirectly connected or joined to each other.
  • the jacking tool 1 of the present invention includes a support 2 , a top piece 3 , an extrusion piece 4 , a lever 5 and a transmission piece 6 .
  • the support 2 provides a top piece guide, an extrusion piece guide 22 and a transmission piece guide groove 23 .
  • the top piece 3 is at least partially disposed inside the support 2, and provides a top piece guide fitting portion, and the top piece guide fitting portion and the top piece guide portion are slidably fitted, as will be described later.
  • the extrusion piece 4 has a transmission inclined surface 41 and an extrusion piece guide fitting portion 42 , and the extrusion piece guide fitting portion 42 is slidably fitted with the extrusion piece guide portion 22 to guide the extrusion piece 4 to slide.
  • the lever 5 has a first end 51 , a second end 52 and a hinge 53 between the first end 51 and the second end 52 , the hinge 53 being hinged on the support 2 .
  • the transmission member 6 is slidably matched with the transmission member guide groove 23 .
  • the extrusion member 4 After the external force F1 is removed, with the help of the reaction force of the transmission member 6 acting on the transmission inclined surface 41, and the frictional force between the extrusion member guide matching portion 42 and the extrusion member guide portion 22, the extrusion member 4 is in a frictional free-wheeling state.
  • the locked state the sliding fit of the extruding piece guide fitting portion 42 and the extruding piece guiding portion 22 can be braked, and the sliding top piece 3 can be locked.
  • the force analysis of the extrusion part 4 is shown in FIG. 5 , the main force of the extrusion part 4 is gravity G, and the transmission part 6 acts On the reaction force F of the transmission slope 41, the passive force received is the support force N and the friction force f of the extrusion guide portion 22 to the extrusion guide fitting portion 42, and the extrusion guide portion 22 is guided and matched with the extrusion element.
  • the maximum static friction force between the parts 42 is f max .
  • the size of the reaction force F is related to the gravity of the top piece 3, the reaction force of the lifted workpiece to the top piece 3, and the distance from the hinge part 53 of the lever 5 to the top piece 3 and the transmission piece 6 (that is, the force arms at both ends of the lever 5) etc., by designing the structure and weight of the top piece 3, the extrusion piece 4 and the lever 5, the component force F y >G of the reaction force F in the vertical direction can be made, then the direction of the supporting force N is the same as the gravity G The direction is the same, and the magnitude increases with the increase of the reaction force F, so that the maximum static friction force f max also increases with the increase of F.
  • the transmission slope 41 can be an inclined plane or a curved surface.
  • the reaction force F of the transmission member 6 to the transmission slope 41 is perpendicular to the transmission slope 41.
  • the transmission slope 41 is a curved surface
  • the reaction force F is perpendicular to the transmission.
  • the component force of the resultant force in the sliding direction (the horizontal direction in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the jacking tool 1 can realize self-locking, and can maintain the state of jacking up bolts or other workpieces without applying continuous external force, so as to facilitate subsequent installation or other operations on the bolts or other workpieces. After the operation is completed, pull the extrusion part 4 to move in the reverse direction of the jacking direction, so that the jacking element 3 can be retracted toward the inner side of the support 2, so that the height of the jacking tool 1 is reduced, and the bolts or other
  • the jacking state of the workpiece is convenient for retracting the jacking tool 1 .
  • the clamping tool 1 has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low production cost, and is easy to operate.
  • the distance from the hinged portion 53 of the lever 5 to the first end 51 is greater than the distance from the hinged portion 53 to the second end 52, which can amplify the displacement of the extrusion member 4.
  • a small displacement of the pressing piece 4 can cause a large displacement of the top piece 3, thereby saving space and making the structure of the pressing tool 1 more compact.
  • the support 2 includes a top wall 24 , the top wall 24 is provided with a top piece chute 25 penetrating through, and the top piece chute 25 serves as the aforementioned top piece guide portion, correspondingly to the outer surface of the top piece 3 .
  • 31 is used as the aforementioned guide fitting part of the top piece, and is slidingly matched with the top piece sliding groove 25 .
  • a guide pin or a guide boss may also be provided on the top piece 3 to serve as a top piece guide fitting portion, which is slidably matched with the top piece chute 25 .
  • the guide portion of the top piece can also be arranged on the two side walls 26 of the support 2 , and the top piece 3 is at least partially arranged in the space between the two side walls 26 , and the two side walls 26 are respectively
  • a guide chute 21 is provided as a guide portion for the top piece, and correspondingly, a guide pin 32 is provided on the top piece 3 to serve as a guide fit portion for the top piece, slidably matched with the guide chute 21 .
  • the structure can be further simplified to facilitate processing.
  • a guide boss (not shown) can also be provided on the top piece 3 as the top piece guide fitting part, which slides with the guide chute 21, or guides the outer surface 31 of the top piece 3 as the top piece. Matching Department.
  • guide pins or guide bosses can also be provided on the two side walls 26 to serve as guide parts for the top piece, and correspondingly, guide chutees (not shown) are provided on the top piece 3 To guide the mating part as a top piece.
  • the top piece guide part and the top piece guide matching part have a dead point to prevent the top piece 3 from falling off the support 2.
  • dead points include but are not limited to the limit bosses arranged on the support 2 or the top piece 3. , or the limit baffle plate, or the limit pin, or the end point of the guide chute, or the end point of the transmission member guide groove 23 and so on.
  • the two side walls 26 are arranged in the vertical direction, the lever 5 is sandwiched between the two side walls 26 , and the hinge portion 53 is hinged to the two side walls 26 respectively.
  • a guide chute or a guide pin or a guide boss in a horizontal direction is respectively provided on the two side walls 26 to serve as a guide portion 22 for the extrusion part, and correspondingly, a guide pin or a guide protrusion in the horizontal direction is provided on the extrusion part 4
  • a table or guide chute is used to guide the mating part 42 as an extrusion part.
  • a vertical guide chute or guide pin or guide boss is respectively provided on the two side walls 26 to serve as the guide part of the top piece, and correspondingly, a vertical guide pin or guide boss or guide is provided on the top piece 3
  • the chute is used as the guide fitting part of the top piece, or the outer surface of the top piece 3 is used as the guide fitting part of the top piece.
  • the transmission member guide grooves 23 are respectively provided on the two side walls 26 in the vertical direction, and the transmission member 6 is respectively matched with the transmission member guide grooves 23 on the two side walls 26 through the transmission pin shaft 61 .
  • the extrusion part 4 includes a middle wall 43 and two side arms 44 on both sides of the middle wall 43.
  • the two side arms 44 respectively provide a transmission slope 41 and cooperate with the transmission pin 61.
  • the middle wall 43 or/and the two side arms 44 is provided with an extrusion guide fitting portion 42 . Therefore, the structure of the pressing tool 1 can be made more compact, and the structure can be further simplified to facilitate processing.
  • the transmission member 6 includes a transmission pin 61 and a roller 62 arranged on the transmission pin 61 , through which the roller 62 is in contact with the second end 52 of the lever 5 . Thereby, the transmission member 6 can be kept in good contact with the lever 5, and the structure is further simplified to facilitate processing.
  • the transmission member 6 and the second end 52 of the lever 5 can also be configured as an integral structure. Accordingly, the transmission member guide groove 23 is set as an arc-shaped groove with the hinge portion 53 as the center of the circle. Thus, the structure can be further simplified to facilitate processing.
  • the extrusion piece 4 is connected with the support 2 through the connecting piece 27 , so as to facilitate the storage of the pressing tool 1 and prevent the extrusion piece 4 from being lost.
  • Examples of connectors 27 include, but are not limited to, wire ropes or chains.
  • the support 2 includes a stopper pin 28 for limiting the stroke of the lever 5, preventing the lever 5 from protruding out of the support 2 and causing damage, and making the top tightening tool 1 compact in structure and easy to store , the stroke of the top piece 3 can also be indirectly restricted by the lever 5 to prevent the top piece 3 from falling off the support 2 . It is also possible not to provide the stop pin 28, but to limit the stroke of the lever 5 and the top piece 3 by setting the end positions of the guide grooves 23 of the transmission element.
  • the bolt installation device 200 of the present invention includes a pressing tool 1 and an unlocking member 7 , and the unlocking member 7 is connected with the extrusion member 4 of the pressing tool 1 to facilitate the bolt installation device 200
  • Unlocking and removing is particularly suitable for unlocking and removing the bolt mounting device 200 when it is located in a location that is difficult to reach or has limited operating space, such as the aforementioned deep cavity and narrow out-of-plane space.
  • Examples of unlocking members 7 include, but are not limited to, cords or chains.
  • the bolt installation device 200 can realize self-locking, and can maintain the state of tightening the bolt without applying continuous external force, so as to facilitate the installation of the threaded fastener, free one hand of the worker, and improve the installation efficiency.
  • the bolt mounting device 200 has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, has low production cost, and is convenient to operate, and can be conveniently used even in a position that is difficult to reach or has limited operating space, such as the aforementioned deep cavity and narrow space with different planes. Improve installation efficiency.
  • the bolt installation device 200 can be used for the installation of the multi-stage disc drum of the high pressure compressor rotor 100 , and the jacking tool 1 is suitable for placing the web of the first disc drum 110 under the installation position of the bolt 105
  • the extrusion member 4 slides along the radial direction of the first disc drum 110 , where the radial direction includes a radial direction and a direction slightly offset from the radial direction, and the unlocking member 7 extends from the installation position of the bolt 105 to the disc core 107 .
  • the support 2 of the pressing tool 1 is provided with a chamfered portion 29 facing the inner wall 113 of the first disc drum 110 .
  • the assembling method of the multi-stage disc drum of the high pressure compressor rotor 100 using the bolt mounting device 200 includes the following steps (see FIGS. 8 to 10 ):
  • the assembly method of the multi-stage disc drum of the high pressure compressor rotor 100 uses the tightening tool 1 to pre-tighten the bolts 105 on the flange edge 114 of the first disc drum 110, and then assemble the second disc drum 120 and the third disc drum. 130 is stacked on the first drum 110, so that the placement process of the bolts 105 can be seen. Compared with the traditional installation method of stacking all levels of drums first and then installing the bolts 105, the worker does not need to feel in the deep cavity narrow and different.
  • the bolts are placed in the surface space, and the bolts 105 do not need to be fixed by hand continuously, which reduces the installation difficulty and labor intensity of workers, can greatly improve the installation efficiency of the bolts 105, shorten the installation period of the bolts 105, and reduce the process cost.

Abstract

一种顶紧工具（1）、螺栓安装装置（200）及高压压气机转子（100）的组装方法。在顶紧工具（1）中：支座（2）提供顶件导向部、挤压件导向部（22）、传动件导槽（23）；顶件（3）提供顶件导向配合部与顶件导向部滑动配合；挤压件（4）提供挤压件导向配合部（42）与挤压件导向部（22）滑动配合；杠杆（5）铰接在支座（2）上；传动件（6）与传动件导槽（23）滑动配合；挤压件（4）迫使传动件（6）滑动，传动件（6）再使杠杆（5）转动，进而使顶件（3）滑出，借助于传动件（6）作用于挤压件（4）的反作用力以及挤压件（4）与支座（2）的摩擦力，使挤压件（4）处于摩擦自锁状态，借此制动挤压件（4），进而锁定顶件（3）。

Description

顶紧工具、螺栓安装装置及高压压气机转子的组装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及发动机装配技术领域，具体涉及一种顶紧工具、螺栓安装装置及高压压气机转子的组装方法。
背景技术
高压压气机转子是航空发动机的重要组成部分，由多级盘鼓组成，盘鼓之间通过螺纹紧固件连接。如图1所示，示例型号发动机的高压压气机转子100包括第一盘鼓110、第二盘鼓120和第三盘鼓130，其中第三盘鼓130由上盘鼓131和下盘鼓132焊接成一体。第一盘鼓110、第二盘鼓120和第三盘鼓130之间通过多个螺栓105与多个螺母106连接，转子盘心107(多级盘鼓中心的通孔)的直径较小，螺栓105的安装位置与盘心107的距离较大，相邻盘鼓的轴向距离较小，螺栓105的安装位置与多级盘鼓的后端面104的轴向距离较大，且多级盘鼓为倒锥形，盘鼓内壁与盘鼓辐板连接处设有圆角，例如第一盘鼓110的辐板112和内壁113的连接处设有圆角115，导致螺栓105的安装位置下方为非规则平面，属于典型的深腔狭窄异面空间。
在高压压气机转子100的常规组装工艺下，工人需从盘心107处将螺栓105送达安装孔108，安装过程中工人需手动固定螺栓105，直至螺母106拧紧。由于螺栓105的数量多，安装空间极为狭小，且不可视，安装难度较大，工人需要将手臂伸入前述的深腔狭窄异面空间中，凭手感摸索将螺栓105对准安装孔108，并长时间用手保持螺栓105的固定，极耗体力，需要较长的时间才能完成整圈螺栓105的安装，安装效率较低。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够自锁的顶紧工具，其结构简单、便于操作。
为实现所述目的的顶紧工具，包括：支座，提供顶件导向部、挤压件导向部、传动件导槽；顶件，至少部分设置于所述支座内部，并提供顶件导向配合部，所述顶件导向部和所述顶件导向配合部滑动配合；挤压件，具有传动斜面、挤压件导向 配合部，所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部滑动配合，以引导所述挤压件进行滑动；杠杆，具有第一端、第二端以及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的铰接部，所述铰接部铰接在所述支座上；传动件，与所述传动件导槽滑动配合；其中，所述挤压件朝顶紧方向滑动时，所述挤压件的所述传动斜面迫使所述传动件滑动，所述传动件再作用于所述杠杆的所述第二端，迫使所述杠杆转动，所述杠杆的所述第一端作用于所述顶件，进而迫使所述顶件向所述支座的外侧方面滑出，起到顶升作用，借助于所述传动件作用于所述传动斜面的反作用力以及所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部之间的摩擦力，使所述挤压件处于摩擦自锁状态，借此制动所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部的滑动配合，进而锁定滑出的所述顶件。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述铰接部到所述第一端的距离大于所述铰接部到所述第二端的距离。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述顶件导向部和所述顶件导向配合部的配合具有止点，以防止所述顶件脱落于所述支座。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述支座包括顶壁，所述顶壁设置有贯通的顶件滑槽，所述顶件滑槽作为所述顶件导向部。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述支座包括两个侧壁，所述顶件至少部分设置于所述两个侧壁之间的空间，所述两个侧壁分别设置导向滑槽或导向销或导向凸台以作为所述顶件导向部，相应地在所述顶件上设置导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述顶件导向配合部，或者将所述顶件的外表面作为所述顶件导向配合部。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述支座包括两个竖向侧壁，所述顶件至少部分设置于所述两个竖向侧壁之间的空间，所述杠杆被夹在所述两个竖向侧壁之间，所述铰接部与所述两个竖向侧壁分别铰接；在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别设置水平方向上的导向滑槽或者导向销或导向凸台以作为所述挤压件导向部，相应地在所述挤压件上设置水平方向上的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述挤压件导向配合部；在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别设置竖直方向的导向滑槽或导向销或导向凸台以作为所述顶件导向部，相应地在所述顶件上设置竖直方向的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述顶件导向配合部，或者将所述顶件的外表面作为所述顶件导向配合部；在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别在竖直方向上设置所述传动件导槽， 所述传动件通过传动销轴与所述传动件导槽分别配合；所述挤压件包括中间壁和在所述中间壁两侧的两个侧臂，所述两个侧臂分别提供所述传动斜面，与所述传动销轴配合，所述中间壁或/和所述两个侧臂设置有所述挤压件导向配合部。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述传动件包括传动销轴和设置在所述传动销轴上的滚轮，通过所述滚轮与所述杠杆的所述第二端接触配合。
在所述的顶紧工具的一个或多个实施方式中，所述传动件与所述杠杆的所述第二端为一体，所述传动件导槽为以所述铰接部为圆心的圆弧形槽。
该顶紧工具能够实现自锁，不需要施加持续的外力即可维持顶升螺栓或其他工件的状态，以便于对螺栓或其他工件进行后续的安装或其他操作。该顶紧工具的结构简单，便于加工制作，生产成本低，且易于操作。
本发明的另一个目的提供一种能够自锁的螺栓安装装置，用于实现深腔狭窄异面空间中的螺栓安装，提高安装效率。
为实现所述目的的螺栓安装装置，用于高压压气机转子的多级盘鼓的安装，包括多个任一前述的顶紧工具，所述顶紧工具适合于放置在螺栓安装位置下方的盘毂的辐板上，并配置有连接所述挤压件的解锁件，所述挤压件沿所述盘鼓的径向滑动，所述解锁件从所述螺栓安装位置延伸到盘心。
在所述的螺栓安装装置的一个或多个实施方式中，所述支座面对所述盘鼓的内壁设置有切角部，以避让所述盘鼓的所述内壁与所述辐板连接处的圆角。
在所述的螺栓安装装置的一个或多个实施方式中，所述解锁件为软索或链条。
该螺栓安装装置能够实现自锁，不需要施加持续的外力即可维持顶紧螺栓的状态，以便于对螺纹紧固件进行安装，可以解放工人的一只手，提高安装效率。该螺栓安装装置的结构简单，便于加工制作，生产成本低，操作便捷，即使在不易到达或操作空间受限的位置，例如前述的深腔狭窄异面空间中，也可以方便的使用，可以提高安装效率。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种高压压气机转子的组装方法，用于实现深腔狭窄异面空间中的螺栓安装，提高安装效率。
为实现所述目的的高压压气机转子的组装方法，包括将多级盘鼓用螺栓连接，先将任一前述的螺栓安装装置布置到螺栓安装位置下方的盘鼓的辐板上，利用所述顶紧工具将所述螺栓分别顶紧，然后再将相邻的盘鼓叠加在所述下方的盘鼓上，并 让已被顶紧的所述螺栓穿过所述相邻的盘鼓的螺栓孔。
该高压压气机转子的组装方法通过顶紧工具将螺栓预先顶紧在下方的盘鼓上，再将相邻的盘鼓叠加在下方的盘鼓上，使螺栓的放置过程可视，与传统的先叠放各级盘鼓后安装螺栓的安装方法相比，工人不需要凭手感在深腔狭窄异面空间中放置螺栓，且不需持续地用手保持螺栓的固定，降低了安装难度和工人的劳动强度，可以大幅地提高螺栓的安装效率，缩短螺栓的安装周期，降低工艺成本。
附图概述
本发明的上述的以及其他的特征、性质和优势将通过下面结合附图和实施例的描述而变得更加明显，其中：
图1是根据现有技术的高压压气机转子的多级盘鼓连接结构的剖视示意图。
图2是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置的立体示意图。
图3是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置的剖视示意图。
图4是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置的分解部分零件的示意图。
图5是根据图3的实施方式的挤压件的受力情况示意图。
图6是根据一个或多个实施方式的杠杆的结构示意图。
图7是根据一个或多个实施方式的传动件的结构示意图。
图8是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置顶紧螺栓时的局部立体示意图。
图9是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置顶紧螺栓时的省略半边盘鼓的局部剖视示意图。
图10是根据一个或多个实施方式的螺栓安装装置的解锁和移除状态的省略半边盘鼓的局部剖视示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
下述公开了多种不同的实施所述的主题技术方案的实施方式或者实施例。为简化公开内容，下面描述了各元件和排列的具体实例，当然，这些仅仅为例子而已，并非是对本发明的保护范围进行限制。例如在说明书中随后记载的第一特征在第二特征上方或者上面形成，可以包括第一和第二特征通过直接联系的方式形成的实施 方式，也可包括在第一和第二特征之间形成附加特征的实施方式，从而第一和第二特征之间可以不直接联系。另外，这些公开内容中可能会在不同的例子中重复附图标记和/或字母。该重复是为了简要和清楚，其本身不表示要讨论的各实施方式和/或结构间的关系。进一步地，当第一元件是用与第二元件相连或结合的方式描述的，该说明包括第一和第二元件直接相连或彼此结合的实施方式，也包括采用一个或多个其他介入元件加入使第一和第二元件间接地相连或彼此结合。在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述这些实施方式和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。需要理解，附图均仅作为示例，并非是按照等比例的条件绘制的，并且不应该以此对本发明实际要求的保护范围构成限制。此外，不同实施方式下的变换方式可以进行适当组合。
本发明的顶紧工具1如图2至图4所示，包括支座2、顶件3、挤压件4、杠杆5和传动件6。
支座2提供顶件导向部、挤压件导向部22和传动件导槽23。顶件3至少部分设置于支座2内部，并提供顶件导向配合部，顶件导向配合部和顶件导向部滑动配合，详见后述。挤压件4具有传动斜面41和挤压件导向配合部42，挤压件导向配合部42和挤压件导向部22滑动配合，以引导挤压件4进行滑动。杠杆5具有第一端51、第二端52以及位于第一端51和第二端52之间的铰接部53，铰接部53铰接在支座2上。传动件6与传动件导槽23滑动配合。
当施加外力F 1使挤压件4朝顶紧方向(在图3所示的实施方式中为从右向左方向)滑动时，挤压件4的传动斜面41迫使传动件6滑动，传动件6再作用于杠杆5的第二端52，迫使杠杆5转动，杠杆5的第一端51作用于顶件3，进而迫使顶件3向支座2的外侧方面滑出，使顶件3起到将螺栓或其他工件顶升的作用。
将外力F 1撤除后，借助于传动件6作用于传动斜面41的反作用力，以及挤压件导向配合部42与挤压件导向部22之间的摩擦力，使挤压件4处于摩擦自锁状态， 借此可以制动挤压件导向配合部42和挤压件导向部22的滑动配合，进而可以锁定滑出的顶件3。
以图3所示的实施方式为例，将外力F 1撤除后，挤压件4的受力分析如图5所示，挤压件4所受的主动力为重力G，以及传动件6作用于传动斜面41的反作用力F，所受的被动力为挤压件导向部22对挤压件导向配合部42的支持力N和摩擦力f，挤压件导向部22与挤压件导向配合部42之间的最大静摩擦力为f max。反作用力F的大小与顶件3的重力、被顶升的工件对顶件3的反力、杠杆5的铰接部53分别到顶件3和传动件6的距离(即杠杆5两端的力臂)等有关，通过对顶件3、挤压件4和杠杆5的结构和重量进行设计，可以使反作用力F在垂直方向上的分力F y>G，则支持力N的方向与重力G的方向相同，且大小随着反作用力F的增大而增大，从而使最大静摩擦力f max亦随着F的增大而增大。传动斜面41可以为倾斜的平面或曲面，当传动斜面41为平面时，传动件6对传动斜面41的反作用力F垂直于传动斜面41，当传动斜面41为曲面时，反作用力F垂直于传动斜面41与传动件6接触位置处的公切面(未图示)，通过对前述平面或公切面的斜率进行设计，可以使挤压件4所受的主动力，即重力G和反作用力F的合力在挤压件4的滑动方向(在图3所示的实施方式中为水平方向)上的分力F x＝f≤f max，从而使挤压件4处于摩擦自锁状态，借此可以制动挤压件导向配合部42和挤压件导向部22之间的滑动配合，进而可以锁定滑出的顶件3。
该顶紧工具1能够实现自锁，不需要施加持续的外力即可维持顶升螺栓或其他工件的状态，以便于对螺栓或其他工件进行后续的安装或其他操作。操作完成后，拉动挤压件4朝顶紧方向的反向移动，使顶件3可以向支座2的内侧方向缩回，从而使该顶紧工具1的高度变小，解除对螺栓或其他工件的顶升状态，便于将该顶紧工具1收回。该顶紧工具1的结构简单，便于加工制作，生产成本低，且易于操作。
参照图3和图6，杠杆5的铰接部53到第一端51的距离大于铰接部53到第二端52的距离，由此可以对挤压件4的位移起到放大的作用，通过挤压件4的较小的位移即可使顶件3产生较大的位移，从而可以节省空间，使该顶紧工具1的结构更加紧凑。
参照图2至图4，支座2包括顶壁24，顶壁24设置有贯通的顶件滑槽25，顶件滑槽25作为前述的顶件导向部，相应地将顶件3的外表面31作为前述的顶件导 向配合部，与顶件滑槽25滑动配合。由此，可以进一步简化结构，以便于加工。
在一些实施方式中，也可以在顶件3上设置导向销或导向凸台(未图示)以作为顶件导向配合部，与顶件滑槽25滑动配合。
继续参照图2至图4，顶件导向部也可以设置在支座2的两个侧壁26上，顶件3至少部分设置于两个侧壁26之间的空间，两个侧壁26分别设置导向滑槽21以作为顶件导向部，相应地在顶件3上设置导向销32以作为顶件导向配合部，与导向滑槽21滑动配合。由此，可以进一步简化结构，以便于加工。
在一些实施方式中，也可以在顶件3上设置导向凸台(未图示)作为顶件导向配合部，与导向滑槽21滑动配合，或者将顶件3的外表面31作为顶件导向配合部。
在一些实施方式中，也可以在两个侧壁26上设置导向销或导向凸台(未图示)以作为顶件导向部，相应地在顶件3上设置导向滑槽(未图示)以作为顶件导向配合部。
顶件导向部和顶件导向配合部的配合具有止点，以防止顶件3脱落于支座2，止点的例子包括但不限于设置于支座2或顶件3上的限位凸台、或限位挡板、或限位销、或导向滑槽的端点、或传动件导槽23的端点等等。
继续参照图2至图4，两个侧壁26沿竖直方向设置，杠杆5被夹在两个侧壁26之间，铰接部53与两个侧壁26分别铰接。在两个侧壁26上分别设置水平方向上的导向滑槽或导向销或导向凸台以作为挤压件导向部22，相应地在挤压件4上设置水平方向上的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为挤压件导向配合部42。在两个侧壁26上分别设置竖直方向的导向滑槽或者导向销或导向凸台以作为顶件导向部，相应地在顶件3上设置竖直方向的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为顶件导向配合部，或者将顶件3的外表面作为顶件导向配合部。在两个侧壁26上分别在竖直方向上设置传动件导槽23，传动件6通过传动销轴61与两个侧壁26上的传动件导槽23分别配合。挤压件4包括中间壁43和在中间壁43两侧的两个侧臂44，两个侧臂44分别提供传动斜面41，与传动销轴61配合，中间壁43或/和两个侧臂44设置有挤压件导向配合部42。由此，可以使该顶紧工具1的结构更加紧凑，且进一步简化结构，以便于加工。
参见图3和图7，传动件6包括传动销轴61和设置在传动销轴61上的滚轮62，通过滚轮62与杠杆5的第二端52接触配合。由此，可以使传动件6与杠杆5保持 良好的接触，并进一步简化结构，以便于加工。
传动件6与杠杆5的第二端52也可设置为一体结构，相应地，将传动件导槽23设置为以铰接部53为圆心的圆弧形槽。由此，可以进一步简化结构，以便于加工。
参照图2，挤压件4通过连接件27与支座2连接在一起，以便于该顶紧工具1的保管，防止挤压件4遗失。连接件27的例子包括但不限于钢索或链条。
参照图2和图3，支座2包括挡销28，用于限制杠杆5的行程，防止杠杆5伸出支座2的外部造成损伤，并可以使该顶紧工具1的结构紧凑，便于保管，还可以通过杠杆5间接地对顶件3的行程起到限制作用，以防止顶件3脱落于支座2。也可以不设置挡销28，而是通过传动件导槽23的端点位置的设置对杠杆5和顶件3的行程进行限制。
本发明的螺栓安装装置200如图2至图4所示，包括顶紧工具1和解锁件7，解锁件7与顶紧工具1的挤压件4相连接，以便于对该螺栓安装装置200进行解锁和拆除，尤其适合在该螺栓安装装置200位于不易到达或操作空间受限的位置，例如位于前述的深腔狭窄异面空间中时，对其进行解锁和拆除。解锁件7的例子包括但不限于软索或链条。
该螺栓安装装置200能够实现自锁，不需要施加持续的外力即可维持顶紧螺栓的状态，以便于对螺纹紧固件进行安装，可以解放工人的一只手，提高安装效率。该螺栓安装装置200的结构简单，便于加工制作，生产成本低，操作便捷，即使在不易到达或操作空间受限的位置，例如前述的深腔狭窄异面空间中，也可以方便的使用，可以提高安装效率。
参见图8至图10，该螺栓安装装置200可用于高压压气机转子100的多级盘鼓的安装，顶紧工具1适合于放置在螺栓105的安装位置下方的第一盘鼓110的辐板112上，挤压件4沿第一盘鼓110的径向滑动，此处径向包括半径方向以及与半径方向略微偏移的方向，解锁件7从螺栓105的安装位置延伸到盘心107。为了避让第一盘鼓110的内壁113与辐板112连接处的圆角115，顶紧工具1的支座2面对第一盘鼓110的内壁113设置有切角部29。
采用该螺栓安装装置200的高压压气机转子100的多级盘鼓的组装方法包括以下步骤(参见图8至图10)：
1、将螺栓105穿过第一盘鼓110的第一安装孔111；
2、将螺栓安装装置200放置在螺栓105的安装位置下方的第一盘鼓110的辐板112上，并使挤压件4位于第一盘鼓110的径向内侧；
3、推动挤压件4向第一盘鼓110的径向外侧滑动，通过传动件6驱动杠杆5转动，使顶件3滑出，将螺栓105顶紧在第一盘鼓110的法兰边114，并使解锁件7从螺栓105的安装位置延伸到盘心107(盘心107的位置参照图1)；
4、重复步骤1至3，将其余螺栓105分别用顶紧工具1顶紧，并使各解锁件7从对应的螺栓105的安装位置延伸到盘心107，完成后的状态如图8所示；
5、将第二盘鼓120的各第二安装孔121对准各螺栓105，使各螺栓105分别穿过对应的第二安装孔121，将第二盘鼓120放置在第一盘鼓110上；
6、将第三盘鼓130的各第三安装孔133对准各螺栓105，使各螺栓105分别穿过对应的第三安装孔133，将第三盘鼓130叠放置在第二盘鼓120上；
7、将多个螺母106分别拧紧在对应的螺栓105上；
8、拉动盘心107处的解锁件7，使挤压件4向第一盘鼓110的径向内侧移动，在重力作用下，顶件3下落，顶紧工具1的高度变小，从而可以通过解锁件7将顶紧工具1拉至盘心107处，并将顶紧工具1取出，如图10所示。
该高压压气机转子100的多级盘鼓的组装方法通过顶紧工具1将螺栓105预先顶紧在第一盘鼓110的法兰边114上，再将第二盘鼓120和第三盘鼓130叠放在第一盘鼓110上，使螺栓105的放置过程可视，与传统的先叠放各级盘鼓后安装螺栓105的安装方法相比，工人不需要凭手感在深腔狭窄异面空间中放置螺栓，且不需持续地用手保持螺栓105的固定，降低了安装难度和工人的劳动强度，可以大幅地提高螺栓105的安装效率，缩短螺栓105的安装周期，降低工艺成本。
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做出可能的变动和修改。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化及修饰，均落入本发明权利要求所界定的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 顶紧工具，其特征在于，包括：
    支座，提供顶件导向部、挤压件导向部、传动件导槽；
    顶件，至少部分设置于所述支座内部，并提供顶件导向配合部，所述顶件导向部和所述顶件导向配合部滑动配合；
    挤压件，具有传动斜面、挤压件导向配合部，所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部滑动配合，以引导所述挤压件进行滑动；
    杠杆，具有第一端、第二端以及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的铰接部，所述铰接部铰接在所述支座上；
    传动件，与所述传动件导槽滑动配合；
    其中，所述挤压件朝顶紧方向滑动时，所述挤压件的所述传动斜面迫使所述传动件滑动，所述传动件再作用于所述杠杆的所述第二端，迫使所述杠杆转动，所述杠杆的所述第一端作用于所述顶件，进而迫使所述顶件向所述支座的外侧方面滑出，起到顶升作用，借助于所述传动件作用于所述传动斜面的反作用力以及所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部之间的摩擦力，使所述挤压件处于摩擦自锁状态，借此制动所述挤压件导向配合部和所述挤压件导向部的滑动配合，进而锁定滑出的所述顶件。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述铰接部到所述第一端的距离大于所述铰接部到所述第二端的距离。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述顶件导向部和所述顶件导向配合部的配合具有止点，以防止所述顶件脱落于所述支座。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述支座包括顶壁，所述顶壁设置有贯通的顶件滑槽，所述顶件滑槽作为所述顶件导向部。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述支座包括两个侧壁，所述顶件至少部分设置于所述两个侧壁之间的空间，所述两个侧壁分别设置导向滑槽 或导向销或导向凸台以作为所述顶件导向部，相应地在所述顶件上设置导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述顶件导向配合部，或者将所述顶件的外表面作为所述顶件导向配合部。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述支座包括两个竖向侧壁，所述顶件至少部分设置于所述两个竖向侧壁之间的空间，所述杠杆被夹在所述两个竖向侧壁之间，所述铰接部与所述两个竖向侧壁分别铰接；
    在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别设置水平方向上的导向滑槽或者导向销或导向凸台以作为所述挤压件导向部，相应地在所述挤压件上设置水平方向上的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述挤压件导向配合部；
    在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别设置竖直方向的导向滑槽或导向销或导向凸台以作为所述顶件导向部，相应地在所述顶件上设置竖直方向的导向销或导向凸台或导向滑槽以作为所述顶件导向配合部，或者将所述顶件的外表面作为所述顶件导向配合部；
    在所述两个竖向侧壁上分别在竖直方向上设置所述传动件导槽，所述传动件通过传动销轴与所述传动件导槽分别配合；
    所述挤压件包括中间壁和在所述中间壁两侧的两个侧臂，所述两个侧臂分别提供所述传动斜面，与所述传动销轴配合，所述中间壁或/和所述两个侧臂设置有所述挤压件导向配合部。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述传动件包括传动销轴和设置在所述传动销轴上的滚轮，通过所述滚轮与所述杠杆的所述第二端接触配合。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的顶紧工具，其特征在于，所述传动件与所述杠杆的所述第二端为一体，所述传动件导槽为以所述铰接部为圆心的圆弧形槽。
  9. 螺栓安装装置，用于高压压气机转子的多级盘鼓的安装，其特征在于，包括多个如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的顶紧工具，所述顶紧工具适合于放置在螺栓安装位置下方的盘毂的辐板上，并配置有连接所述挤压件的解锁件，所述挤压件沿 所述盘鼓的径向滑动，所述解锁件从所述螺栓安装位置延伸到盘心。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的螺栓安装装置，其特征在于，所述支座面对所述盘鼓的内壁设置有切角部，以避让所述盘鼓的所述内壁与所述辐板连接处的圆角。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的螺栓安装装置，其特征在于，所述解锁件为软索或链条。
  12. 高压压气机转子的组装方法，包括将多级盘鼓用螺栓连接，其特征在于，先将权利要求9至11中任一项所述的螺栓安装装置布置到螺栓安装位置下方的盘鼓的辐板上，利用所述顶紧工具将所述螺栓分别顶紧，然后再将相邻的盘鼓叠加在所述下方的盘鼓上，并让已被顶紧的所述螺栓穿过所述相邻的盘鼓的螺栓孔。
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CN114800327B (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-10-04 苏州诚拓智能装备有限公司 一种载具上应用的自锁装置及载具组件

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