WO2022056967A1 - 一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022056967A1
WO2022056967A1 PCT/CN2020/119832 CN2020119832W WO2022056967A1 WO 2022056967 A1 WO2022056967 A1 WO 2022056967A1 CN 2020119832 W CN2020119832 W CN 2020119832W WO 2022056967 A1 WO2022056967 A1 WO 2022056967A1
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coating
high temperature
powder
ceramic
thermal shock
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French (fr)
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刘桂武
乔冠军
于刘旭
张相召
刘军林
杨建�
邵海成
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江苏大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C04B41/5045—Rare-earth oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/87—Ceramics

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  • the invention relates to a photothermal coating and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a photothermal coating with high temperature thermal shock resistance, wide spectrum and high absorption and a preparation method thereof.
  • the photothermal coating can be applied to a laser energy meter and a laser power meter , infrared sensors, thermal radiation detectors and other components in the field of photothermal conversion.
  • Photothermal coating is a functional coating that absorbs the energy of incident light and converts it into heat energy. It is widely used in photothermal conversion fields such as laser energy meters, laser power meters, infrared sensors, and thermal radiation detectors. components.
  • high light absorption coating materials mainly include pure metal nanomaterials (such as gold black, silver black, etc.), sulfides, carbides, nitrides, etc.
  • the absorption range of these materials is mostly concentrated in a narrow band (such as 0.3-2.5 ⁇ m), and it is easy to fail in a high-temperature oxygen-enriched environment (1000°C ⁇ T ⁇ 1200°C).
  • the high absorption materials in high temperature and oxygen-rich environments are mostly perovskite metal oxides.
  • the lanthanum chromate system due to its perovskite structure and the diversity of chromium element valences, makes the doped lanthanum chromate show Broad spectrum and high absorption properties.
  • the preparation methods of perovskite-type metal oxide materials mainly include sol-gel, hydrothermal method, solid-phase synthesis and so on.
  • optical-thermal-electrical functional coatings or films include sol-gel, screen printing, dip pulling, plasma spraying, magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, etc.
  • Photo-thermal-electrical functional coatings or films prepared by sol-gel, screen printing, and dip-pulling methods generally cannot form uniform network porous structures and transition layers, or are not resistant to high temperatures.
  • the document "Yang Xiaojie et al., Structural characteristics of La 0.7 Ca 0.3 CrO 3 coating on 20g steel surface, Rare Earth, 2007, 28: 24-28.” is based on 20g steel as the metal substrate, and the carbon steel is coated by sol-gel dipping method by sol-gel impregnation method.
  • the coating was prepared on the surface and kept in a heating furnace at 800 °C for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to prepare a La 0.7 Ca 0.3 CrO 3 single-phase coating.
  • the coating preparation process and the substrate material are obviously different, and there is no subsequent high-temperature sintering process, no network porous structure, and no high temperature resistance.
  • the document "Zhu Xinde et al., Influence of slurry composition on the microstructure and properties of strontium lanthanum manganate thin films, Chinese Journal of Silicate, 2009, 37: 1344-1350.” is the preparation of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 powder by sol-gel method The paste was prepared on the basis of adding glass frit, and the La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 thin film was prepared on the alumina substrate by screen printing and calcination at 1200 °C. Similarly, in addition to the material composition, powder and slurry preparation process of the coating, the coating forms a dense or stacked porous structure without a network porous structure and transition layer.
  • Chinese patent 201010141280.X a rare earth perovskite type direct-contact temperature measurement film and its components
  • a rare earth perovskite type direct-contact temperature measurement film and its components is to first use the sol-gel method to prepare La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 and La 1-y A 1-x CrO 3 powder, and then use screen printing and 1000-1400 °C calcination process to make a film on a ceramic substrate.
  • the preparation process of the powder and coating is also significantly different, and no network porous structure and transition layer are formed.
  • the coating, substrate material and preparation process are obviously different, and the coating does not form a network porous structure and transition layer.
  • “Purohit RD, et al., Development of Ca-doped LaCrO 3 feed material and its plasma coating for SOFC applications. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2010, 208: 012125.” is a solution combustion process Calcium-doped LaCrO3 powders were synthesized, and calcium-doped LaCrO3 coatings were prepared on porous strontium - doped LaMnO3 cathode substrates by plasma spraying.
  • the powder and coating preparation process are also significantly different, and the coating does not form a network porous structure and transition layer.
  • the document “Wakisaka K, et al., Fabrication and evaluation of thin Ca, Sr-doped-LaCrO3 film electric heaters. Ieej Transactions on Fundamentals&Materials, 2004, 124: 182-188.” is the use of radio frequency magnetron sputtering method in silicon Sr or Ca doped lanthanum chromate thin films were prepared on aluminum oxide substrates. Compared with the present application, the coating preparation process is obviously different, and the coating does not form a network porous structure and transition layer without subsequent high-temperature heat treatment. For example, "Zhang KHL, et al., Perovskite Sr-Doped LaCrO 3 as a new p-type transparent conducting oxide.
  • La 1-x Sr x CrO 3 epitaxial thin films with a thickness of 70-100 nm were grown on lanthanum oxide.
  • the coating material and preparation process are also significantly different, and there is no subsequent high-temperature sintering process, so there is no network porous structure and transition layer.
  • the coating in addition to the different coating materials and specific preparation methods of the coating, in particular, the coating itself cannot form a uniform network porous structure, and a strong bond cannot be formed between the coating and the ceramic substrate. transition layer, so it also does not have excellent high temperature thermal shock resistance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of narrow absorption range, high temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance of the existing light absorbing coating, and aims to provide a photothermal coating capable of obtaining high absorption and high temperature thermal shock resistance in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m. layer, and the preparation method of the above-mentioned photothermal coating.
  • the present invention adopts following concrete technical scheme to realize, mainly comprises following main steps:
  • alumina ceramic substrate is ground and polished on both sides, it is placed in 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, deionized water, 1mol/L dilute nitric acid solution, and deionized water in turn , acetone, and deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes each, and then place them in a drying oven for drying at 80°C for later use;
  • the above-mentioned porous ceramic photothermal coating has an average absorption rate of 92-94% in the range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m waveband.
  • the obtained doped lanthanum chromate powder is A-site Ca-doped lanthanum chromate or A-site Ca and B-site Fe co-doped lanthanum chromate, wherein the doping amount of Ca is 0.3-0.6, and the Fe-doped Impurity 0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • step (1) the solid-phase sintering process for doping the lanthanum chromate powder is as follows: the sintering temperature is 1200-1500° C., and the holding time is 1-4 h.
  • step (3) the weight ratio of terpineol to ethyl cellulose is 10:1, and the temperature of the water bath is 80-90°C.
  • the dispersing agent is Span 85 (Span-85) or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and the diluent is ethanol.
  • the ratio of doped lanthanum chromate powder, binder, diluent, and dispersant is as follows: the weight ratio of doped lanthanum chromate powder to binder is 0.5 to 1:1, and the dispersant accounts for 1 to 1 of the weight of the binder. 5%, and the volume ratio of diluent to binder is 1 to 1.5:1.
  • step (5) the high temperature sintering process is as follows: the sintering temperature is 1400-1500° C., and the holding time is 1-2 hours.
  • the prepared porous doped lanthanum chromate ceramic photothermal coating exhibits a uniform network porous structure, the pores are micron-scale macropores, the coating thickness is 10-35 ⁇ m, and the thickness between the coating and the alumina substrate is 5-15 ⁇ m. , a transition layer containing chromium, aluminum and oxygen elements.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the existing photothermal coatings are: (1) due to the use of three kinds of lanthanum oxide, calcium carbonate and chromium oxide or four kinds of powders of lanthanum oxide, calcium carbonate, chromium oxide and iron oxide to synthesize the dopant by solid-phase reaction Calcium lanthanum chromate or calcium iron co-doped lanthanum chromate has high absorption characteristics in a wide spectral range of 0.3 to 14 ⁇ m; (2)
  • the prepared photothermal coating has a network porous structure with uniform micron-scale macropores, and is compatible with There is a 5-15 ⁇ m thick transition layer between the alumina ceramic substrates.
  • the network porous structure can reduce the elastic modulus of the coating material and release the residual stress through the pores.
  • the transition layer can eliminate the interface between the coating and the alumina substrate.
  • the sudden change of thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity shows excellent thermal shock resistance at high temperature; (3)
  • the coating material and the coating preparation method are simple in process, low in cost, and suitable for large-scale production.
  • Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the surface of a typical sample of the porous ceramic coating with high temperature thermal shock resistance, broad spectrum and high absorption according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a SEM photo of the cross-section of a typical sample of the porous ceramic coating with high temperature thermal shock resistance, broad spectrum and high absorption according to the present invention, and the distribution of elements at the coating/substrate interface.
  • Fig. 3 is the absorption spectrum of some samples (La 1-x Ca x CrO 3 ) of the porous ceramic coating with high temperature thermal shock resistance, broad spectrum and high absorption according to the present invention in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 4 is the macroscopic and microscopic surface photos of a typical sample (La 0.5 Ca 0.5 CrO 3 ) of the porous ceramic coating with high temperature thermal shock resistance, broad spectrum and high absorption according to the present invention before and after the high temperature thermal shock test: (a, b) Before the test, (c,d) after the test
  • the following describes a kind of high temperature thermal shock resistance, wide spectrum and high absorption proposed according to the present invention with reference to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 and typical implementation cases.
  • the porous ceramic photothermal coating and preparation method thereof are further described, and the preparation steps include: (1) solid-phase synthesis to prepare wide-spectrum high-absorbing ceramic powder; (2) pretreatment of alumina ceramic substrate; (3) ) prepare the ceramic powder slurry; (4) apply the ceramic slurry on the front and back sides of the alumina substrate; (5) prepare the porous ceramic coating by sintering at high temperature in an air atmosphere furnace.
  • the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Pretreatment of alumina ceramic substrate after the alumina ceramic substrate is ground and polished on both sides, it is placed in 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, deionized water, 1mol/L dilute nitric acid solution, and deionized water in turn , acetone, and deionized water were ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, and then placed in a drying oven at 80 °C for drying for later use;
  • the section of the coating was ground and polished, and then placed under a scanning electron microscope for observation. As shown in Figure 2, the thickness of the coating was 35 ⁇ m, and the transition layer was 10 ⁇ m. The absorption spectrum of the coating in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m is shown in Figure 3, and the average absorption rate is about 92%.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • Pretreatment of alumina ceramic substrate after the alumina ceramic substrate is ground and polished on both sides, it is placed in 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, deionized water, 1mol/L dilute nitric acid solution, and deionized water in turn , acetone, and deionized water were ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, and then placed in a drying oven at 80 °C for drying for later use;
  • the section of the coating was ground and polished, and then placed under a scanning electron microscope for observation.
  • the thickness of the coating was 30 ⁇ m, and the transition layer was 10 ⁇ m.
  • the absorption spectrum of the coating in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m is shown in Figure 3, and the average absorption rate is about 93%.
  • Figure 4 is the macroscopic and microscopic surface photos of the coating sample before and after 30 times of air-cooled thermal shock test at room temperature -1200°C - room temperature, indicating that the coating is not deformed or cracked.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • Pretreatment of alumina ceramic substrate after the alumina ceramic substrate is ground and polished on both sides, it is placed in 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, deionized water, 1mol/L dilute nitric acid solution, and deionized water in turn , acetone, and deionized water were ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, and then placed in a drying oven at 80 °C for drying for later use;
  • the microscopic morphology of the coating is shown in Figure 1, showing a network porous structure, and its pores are micron-sized. Its cross-sectional morphology is similar to Figure 2, the thickness of the coating is 20 ⁇ m, and the transition layer is 5 ⁇ m.
  • the absorption spectrum of the coating in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m is shown in Figure 3, and the average absorption rate is about 93.5%.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • La 0.5 Ca 0.5 Cr 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 then placed in a ball mill tank for mixing and ball milling with ethanol (among them agate ball: oxide powder: absolute ethanol The mass ratio is 3:1:1), after drying, it is placed in an air furnace for solid-phase sintering at 1500 ° C for 1 hour, and then the sintered product is ball-milled for 36 hours, and then dried through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain doped lanthanum chromate powder;
  • Pretreatment of alumina ceramic substrate after the alumina ceramic substrate is ground and polished on both sides, it is placed in 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, deionized water, 1mol/L dilute nitric acid solution, and deionized water in turn , acetone, and deionized water were ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, and then placed in a drying oven at 80 °C for drying for later use;
  • the cross-sectional morphology of the coating is similar to Figure 2, the thickness of the coating is 10 ⁇ m, and the transition layer is 15 ⁇ m.
  • the average absorptivity of the coating in the spectral range of 0.3-14 ⁇ m is about 94%.

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Abstract

一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层及其制备方法。该光热涂层为网状多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层，呈现均匀网络多孔结构，其孔为微米级大孔，涂层厚度为10～35μm，涂层和氧化铝衬底之间有5～15μm厚，含铬、铝和氧元素的过渡层；该光热涂层在0.3～14μm波段范围内平均吸收率为92～94％。制备方法包括:(1)固相法合成宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体；(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理；(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料；(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料；(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层。该涂层耐高温、抗热震，可广泛应用于激光能量计、激光功率计、红外传感器、热辐射探测器等光热转换领域的元器件。

Description

一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光热涂层及其制备方法，特别是抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层及其制备方法，该光热涂层可应用于激光能量计、激光功率计、红外传感器、热辐射探测器等光热转换领域的元器件。
背景技术
光热涂层是通过吸收入射光的能量，并将其转换为热能的一种功能性涂层，其广泛应用于激光能量计、激光功率计、红外传感器、热辐射探测器等光热转换领域的元器件。近年来，高光吸收涂层材料主要包括纯金属纳米材料(如金黑、银黑等)、硫化物、碳化物、氮化物等。然而，这些材料的吸收范围大多集中在较窄的波段(如0.3～2.5μm)，且在高温富氧环境(1000℃≤T≤1200℃)中容易失效。目前，在高温富氧环境下高吸收材料多为钙钛矿型金属氧化物，其中铬酸镧体系由于其钙钛矿结构以及铬元素价态的多样性，使得掺杂的铬酸镧能呈现宽光谱高吸收特性。当前具有钙钛矿型金属氧化物材料的制备方法主要有溶胶凝胶、水热法、固相合成等。
当前，光-热-电功能涂层或薄膜的制备方法包括溶胶凝胶、丝网印刷、浸渍提拉、等离子喷涂、磁控溅射、脉冲激光沉积、气相沉积、分子束外延等，其中采用溶胶凝胶、丝网印刷和浸渍提拉方法制备的光-热-电功能涂层或薄膜通常不能形成均匀网络多孔结构和过渡层，或不耐高温。如文献“杨晓洁等，20g钢表面La 0.7Ca 0.3CrO 3涂层的结构特征，稀土，2007，28:24-28.”是以20g钢为金属衬底，通过溶胶凝胶浸渍法在碳钢表面制备涂层，并在加热炉中800℃保温1h，随炉冷却至室温制备得到了La 0.7Ca 0.3CrO 3单相涂层。与本申请相比，其涂层制备工艺、衬底材料均有明显不同，且未经后续高温烧结过程，没有形成网络多孔结构，也不耐高温。如文献“朱新德等，浆料组成对锰酸锶镧薄膜微结构和性能的影响，硅酸盐学报，2009，37:1344-1350.”是通过溶胶凝胶法制备La 0.6Sr 0.4MnO 3粉体，在添加玻璃粉的基础上调制浆料，再用丝网印刷和在1200℃下煅烧工艺在氧化铝基底上制备了La 0.6Sr 0.4MnO 3薄膜。同样地，除了其涂层的材料组成、粉体和浆料制备工艺不同外，其涂层形成致密或堆积多孔结构，也而没有网络多孔结构和过渡层。如中国专利201010141280.X“一种稀土钙钛矿型直接接触式测 温薄膜及其元件”是先采用溶胶凝胶法制备La 1-xSr xMnO 3和La 1-yA 1-xCrO 3粉体，再采用丝网印刷和1000～1400℃煅烧工艺在陶瓷衬底上制成薄膜。与本申请相比，其粉体和涂层的制备工艺也有明显区别，没有形成网络多孔结构和过渡层。如文献“Dan Liu,et al.,Facile high‐performance film thermocouple made of strontium lanthanum chromate for temperature sensing in air.Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2018,101:4880-4886.”是以溶胶凝胶法制备La 1-xSr xCrO 3(x＝0-0.4)粉体，在添加玻璃粉的基础上调制浆料，再用丝网印刷和在1550℃下热处理工艺在氧化铝衬底上制备La 1-xSr xCrO 3厚膜。与本申请相比，除了其涂层的材料组成、粉体和浆料制备工艺不同外，其涂层没有形成均匀网络多孔结构和过渡层。
而采用等离子喷涂、磁控溅射、脉冲激光沉积、气相沉积和分子束外延技术等方法制备光-热-电功能涂层对设备要求高、工艺较复杂，且制备的涂层相对致密。如文献“Park HJ,et al.,Densification and electrical conductivity of plasma-Sprayed(Ca,Co)-doped LaCrO 3 coating.Korean Journal of Materials Research,2017,27:155-160.”是通过大气等离子喷涂和后续热处理在NiO-YSZ衬底上制备(La 0.8Ca 0.2)(Cr 0.9Co 0.1)O 3涂层。与本申请相比，其涂层和衬底材料、制备工艺有明显不同，涂层也没有形成网络多孔结构和过渡层。如文献“Purohit RD,et al.,Development of Ca-doped LaCrO 3 feed material and its plasma coating for SOFC applications.Journal of Physics Conference Series,2010,208:012125.”是以溶液燃烧法(solution combustion process)合成钙掺杂LaCrO 3粉末，通过等离子喷涂在多孔锶掺杂LaMnO 3阴极衬底上制备钙掺杂LaCrO 3涂层。与本申请相比，其粉体及涂层制备工艺也有明显不同，且涂层没有形成网络多孔结构和过渡层。如文献“Wakisaka K,et al.,Fabrication and evaluation of thin Ca,Sr-doped-LaCrO3 film electric heaters.Ieej Transactions on Fundamentals&Materials,2004,124:182–188.”是采用射频磁控溅射法在硅和氧化铝衬底上制备了掺Sr或Ca的铬酸镧薄膜。与本申请相比，其涂层制备工艺有明显不同，也未经后续高温热处理，其涂层没有形成网络多孔结构和过渡层。如文献“Zhang KHL,et al.,Perovskite Sr-Doped LaCrO 3 as a new p-type transparent conducting oxide.Advanced Materials,2015,27:5191-5195.”是用分子束外延技术在钛酸锶和铝酸镧上生长了厚度为70～100nm La 1-xSr xCrO 3外延薄膜。与本申请相比，其涂层的材料、制备工艺也有明显不同，也未经后续高温烧结过程，所以没有网络多孔结构和过渡层。
总之，上述文献与本申请相比，除了涂层材料和涂层的具体制备方法不同外，特别是涂层本身不能形成均匀的网络多孔结构，涂层与陶瓷衬底之间不能形成强结合的过渡层，因此也不具有优良的抗高温热震性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有吸光涂层吸收范围窄、不耐高温、不抗热震的问题，旨在提供一种能够获得0.3～14μm光谱范围内高吸收、抗高温热震的光热涂层，以及上述光热涂层的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是采取如下具体技术方案予以实现，主要包括如下主要步骤:
(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体：按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙和氧化铬粉末，或按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬和氧化铁粉末，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨(其中玛瑙球、氧化物以及碳酸钙粉体和无水乙醇质量比为3:1:1)，待干燥后进行固相烧结，并将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理：将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光后，依次置于5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各超声清洗30min，再置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用；
(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料：将松油醇与乙基纤维素按一定重量比称量、混合，并在一定水浴温度下磁力搅拌至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将上述掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂、分散剂按一定配比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料；
(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料：利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层：将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中悬空高温烧结，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
上述多孔陶瓷光热涂层，在0.3～14μm波段范围内平均吸收率为92～94％。
步骤(1)中，得到的掺杂铬酸镧粉末为A位Ca掺杂铬酸镧或A位Ca和B位Fe共掺杂铬酸镧，其中Ca掺杂量为0.3～0.6，Fe掺杂量0～0.1。
步骤(1)中，掺杂铬酸镧粉末的固相烧结工艺为：烧结温度1200～1500℃，保温时间1～4h。
步骤(3)中，松油醇与乙基纤维素重量比为10:1，水浴温度80～90℃。
步骤(3)中，分散剂为司班85(Span-85)或十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)，稀释剂为乙醇。
掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂、分散剂的配比为：掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为0.5～1:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的1～5％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1～1.5:1。
步骤(5)中，高温烧结工艺为：烧结温度1400～1500℃，保温时间1～2h。
制备得到的多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层呈现均匀网络多孔结构，其孔为微米级大孔，涂层厚度为10～35μm，涂层和氧化铝衬底之间有5～15μm厚，含铬、铝和氧元素的过渡层。
本发明与现有光热涂层对比的有益效果是:(1)由于采用氧化镧、碳酸钙和氧化铬三种或氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬和氧化铁四种粉末固相反应合成掺钙铬酸镧或钙铁共掺铬酸镧，在0.3～14μm宽光谱范围内具有高吸收特性；(2)所制备的光热涂层因具有均匀微米级大孔的网络多孔结构，且与氧化铝陶瓷衬底之间有5～15μm厚的过渡层，其中网络多孔结构可降低涂层材料的弹性模量和通过孔来释放残余应力，过渡层可消除涂层与氧化铝衬底界面的热膨胀系数和热导率的突变，从而显示出优良的抗高温热震性；(3)涂层材料和涂层制备方法工艺简便、成本低，适合大规模生产。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明所述抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的多孔陶瓷涂层典型试样表面扫描电镜照片。
图2为本发明所述抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的多孔陶瓷涂层典型试样剖面扫描电镜照片及其涂层/衬底界面元素分布图。
图3为本发明所述抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的多孔陶瓷涂层部分试样(La 1-xCa xCrO 3)在0.3～14μm光谱范围的吸收谱图。
图4为本发明所述抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的多孔陶瓷涂层典型试样(La 0.5Ca 0.5CrO 3)在高温热震试验前后的宏观和微观表面照片：(a,b)试验前，(c,d)试验后
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明的技术方案及其特点，以下结合附图图1、图2、图3、图4及典型实施案例，对依据本发明提出的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的多孔陶瓷光热涂层及其制备方法做出进一步说明，其制备步骤包括:(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体；(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理；(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料；(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料；(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层。值得注意的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
详细案例说明如下:
实施例1:
(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体:按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬粉末，其中氧化镧:碳酸钙:氧化铬粉末的摩尔比＝7:6:10(即La 0.7Ca 0.3CrO 3)，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨(其中玛瑙球:氧化物粉体:无水乙醇质量比为3:1:1)，待干燥后置于在空气炉中在1200℃固相烧结4h，随后将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理:将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光后，依次置于5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各进行超声清洗30min，再置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用；
(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料:将松油醇与乙基纤维素按重量比10:1称量、混合，并在水浴80℃温度下磁力搅拌水浴至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将上述掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂(无水乙醇)、分散剂(司班85)按一定配比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料，其中掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为0.5:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的1％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1.5:1；
(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料:利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层:将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中，在1400℃下悬空高温烧结2h，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
为分析该涂层的剖面，将该涂层剖面磨平、抛光后，将其置于扫描电镜下观察，如图2所示，该涂层厚度为35μm，过渡层为10μm。该涂层在0.3～14μm光 谱范围的吸收谱图如图3所示，平均吸收率约为92％。
实施例2:
(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体:按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬粉末，其中氧化镧:碳酸钙:氧化铬粉末的摩尔比＝1:2:2(即La 0.5Ca 0.5CrO 3)，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨(其中玛瑙球:氧化物粉体:无水乙醇质量比为3:1:1)，待干燥后置于在空气炉中在1400℃固相烧结2h，随后将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理:将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光后，依次置于5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各进行超声清洗30min，再置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用；
(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料:将松油醇与乙基纤维素按重量比10:1称量、混合，并在水浴80℃温度下磁力搅拌至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将上述掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂(无水乙醇)、分散剂(司班85)按一定配比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料，其中掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为1:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的5％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1:1；
(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料:利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层:将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中，在1400℃下悬空高温烧结2h，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
为分析该涂层的剖面，将该涂层剖面磨平、抛光后，将其置于扫描电镜下观察，如图2所示，该涂层厚度为30μm，过渡层为10μm。该涂层在0.3～14μm光谱范围的吸收谱图如图3所示，平均吸收率约为93％。图4为将该涂层试样在室温-1200℃-室温的空冷热震试验30次前后的宏观和微观表面照片，表明该涂层不变形、无裂纹。
实施例3:
(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体:按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬粉末，其中氧化镧:碳酸钙:氧化铬粉末的摩尔比＝2:6:5(即La 0.4Ca 0.6CrO 3)，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨(其中玛瑙球:氧化物粉体:无水乙醇质量比为3:1:1)，待干燥后置于在空气炉中在1400℃固相烧结2h， 随后将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理:将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光后，依次置于5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各进行超声清洗30min，再置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用；
(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料:将松油醇与乙基纤维素按重量比10:1称量、混合，并在水浴85℃温度下磁力搅拌至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将上述掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂(无水乙醇)、分散剂(司班85)按一定配比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料，其中掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为1:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的5％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1.2:1；
(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料:利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层:将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中，在1400℃下悬空高温烧结1h，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
该涂层的微观形貌如图1所示，呈现网络多孔结构，其孔为微米级大小。其剖面形貌与图2相似，该涂层厚度为20μm，过渡层为5μm。该涂层在0.3～14μm光谱范围的吸收谱图如图3所示，平均吸收率约为93.5％。
实施例4:
(1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收陶瓷粉体:按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬粉末和氧化铁粉末，其中氧化镧:碳酸钙:氧化铬:氧化铁粉末的摩尔比＝5:10:9:1(即La 0.5Ca 0.5Cr 0.9Fe 0.1O 3)，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨(其中玛瑙球:氧化物粉体:无水乙醇质量比为3:1:1)，待干燥后置于在空气炉中在1500℃固相烧结1h，随后将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
(2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理:将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光后，依次置于5mol/L氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各进行超声清洗30min，再置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用；
(3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料:将松油醇与乙基纤维素按重量比10:1称量、混合，并在水浴90℃温度下磁力搅拌水浴至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将上述掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂(无水乙醇)、分散剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)按一定配 比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料，其中掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为1:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的3％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1:1；
(4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料:利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
(5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层:将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中，在1500℃下悬空高温烧结2h，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
该涂层的剖面形貌与图2相似，该涂层厚度为10μm，过渡层为15μm。该涂层在0.3～14μm光谱范围的平均吸收率约为94％。
以上所述，仅是本发明的部分典型案例，并不以此对本发明限制，凡是根据本发明工艺实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、变更以及等效元素的变换，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层，其特征在于，所述抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层为网状多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层，光热涂层呈现均匀网络多孔结构，其孔为微米级大孔，涂层厚度为10～35μm，涂层和氧化铝衬底之间有5～15μm厚，含铬、铝和氧元素的过渡层；所述光热涂层在0.3～14μm波段范围内平均吸收率为92～94％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    (1)固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收掺杂铬酸镧粉末；
    (2)氧化铝陶瓷衬底预处理：将氧化铝陶瓷衬底双面磨平、抛光、清洗、烘干备用；
    (3)调制陶瓷粉体浆料：将松油醇与乙基纤维素按一定重量比称量、混合，并在一定水浴温度下磁力搅拌至澄清，形成粘结剂；然后将掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂、分散剂按一定配比进行磁力搅拌以均匀分散，调制成浆料；
    (4)在氧化铝基板正反两面涂敷陶瓷浆料；
    (5)在空气气氛炉中高温烧结制备多孔陶瓷涂层：将正反两面涂覆好的陶瓷衬底干燥后置于空气气氛炉中悬空高温烧结，即在氧化铝陶瓷衬底正反两面烧结形成多孔掺杂铬酸镧陶瓷光热涂层。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，固相法合成制备宽光谱高吸收掺杂铬酸镧粉末的具体步骤如下：按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙和氧化铬粉末，或按一定摩尔比称取氧化镧、碳酸钙、氧化铬和氧化铁粉末，然后置于球磨罐中用乙醇进行混料、球磨，待干燥后进行固相烧结，并将烧结产物球磨36h，再干燥过400目筛，得到掺杂铬酸镧粉末。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，球磨工艺，玛瑙球、氧化物以及碳酸钙粉体和无水乙醇的质量比为3:1:1；固相烧结工艺为：烧结温度1200～1500℃，保温时间1～4h；得到的掺杂铬酸镧粉末为A位Ca掺杂铬酸镧或A位Ca和B位Fe共掺杂铬酸镧，其中Ca掺杂量为0.3～0.6，Fe掺杂量0～0.1。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，清洗指将氧化铝陶瓷衬底依次置于5mol/L氢氧 化钠溶液、去离子水、1mol/L稀硝酸溶液、去离子水、丙酮、去离子水中各超声清洗30min，烘干指置于干燥箱80℃中烘干备用。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，松油醇与乙基纤维素重量比为10:1，水浴温度80～90℃；分散剂为司班85(Span-85)或十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)，稀释剂为无水乙醇；掺杂铬酸镧粉末、粘结剂、稀释剂、分散剂的配比为：掺杂铬酸镧粉末与粘结剂重量比为0.5～1:1，分散剂占粘结剂重量的1～5％，稀释剂与粘结剂体积比为1～1.5:1。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，利用丝网印刷工艺将上述浆料涂覆在预处理好的氧化铝陶瓷衬底的正反两面；
  8. 如权利要求2所述的一种抗高温热震、宽光谱高吸收的光热涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，高温烧结工艺为：烧结温度1400～1500℃，保温时间1～2h。
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