WO2022056858A1 - 天线装置、天线装置的制备方法、雷达及终端 - Google Patents

天线装置、天线装置的制备方法、雷达及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022056858A1
WO2022056858A1 PCT/CN2020/116271 CN2020116271W WO2022056858A1 WO 2022056858 A1 WO2022056858 A1 WO 2022056858A1 CN 2020116271 W CN2020116271 W CN 2020116271W WO 2022056858 A1 WO2022056858 A1 WO 2022056858A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeder
antenna
patch
subunit
angle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/116271
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李浩伟
高翔
彭杰
何银
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to MX2023003220A priority Critical patent/MX2023003220A/es
Priority to EP20953716.6A priority patent/EP4210170A4/en
Priority to JP2023518018A priority patent/JP2023542014A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2020/116271 priority patent/WO2022056858A1/zh
Priority to CN202080004333.5A priority patent/CN112534648B/zh
Priority to CN202211151537.9A priority patent/CN115693125A/zh
Publication of WO2022056858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022056858A1/zh
Priority to US18/185,958 priority patent/US20230238712A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065Patch antenna array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075Stripline fed arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of sensor technology, and more particularly, to an antenna device and a preparation method thereof, a radar and a terminal in the field of sensor technology.
  • ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
  • ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
  • AEB Automatic Emergency Braking
  • Lane Change Assist Lance Change Assist, LCA
  • BSD Blind Spot Monitoring
  • the antenna used by the radar is required to have a wider 3dB beamwidth, wherein the wider 3dB beamwidth can ensure a larger detection angle range in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an existing antenna structure.
  • the existing antenna structure adopts the form of cross-feeding.
  • the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1 has a smaller 3dB beam width, so that the detection in the horizontal direction The angle range is small.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna device, a preparation method thereof, a radar, and a terminal, which can expand the 3dB beam width of the antenna structure.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, including: a first antenna array; the first antenna array includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit
  • the antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit: the first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder; the angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is the first The included angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 90°; the included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is the second angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 180°.
  • the first angle ⁇ refers to the acute angle formed by the first patch sub-unit and the first feeder in physical space, and the first patch subunit and the first feeder may be physically connected. It is also possible that they are not directly connected physically.
  • the second angle ⁇ refers to an acute angle or an obtuse angle formed by the first feeder and the second feeder in physical space, and the first feeder and the second feeder may be physically connected. It is also possible that they are not directly connected physically.
  • the physical connection here means that there is an actual connection point, and the physical structure is not directly connected to have no actual connection point, and is connected by indirect coupling, or connected by other cables.
  • the antenna device may be applied to a radar, or other devices having signal transmission and/or reception functions.
  • the antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna arrays, and the first antenna array may include one or more antenna elements.
  • the first patch subunit forms an included angle ⁇ with the first feeder, and the first feeder and the second feeder form an included angle ⁇ , so that the first antenna array forms a smaller angle in the second direction.
  • Physical aperture so that it can have a wider 3dB beam width, so it has a larger detection angle range on the horizontal plane.
  • the first patch sub-unit is connected in series with the first feeder sub-unit to have a wider range of impedance bandwidth, thereby having better impedance characteristics.
  • the radiation unit of the first antenna unit adopts the way of connecting the first patch subunit and the first feeder subunit in series, which can realize in-phase superposition with the energy of other adjacent antenna units, so the radiation efficiency is higher, and the input conditions are the same. Under the circumstance, the ability to convert electromagnetic waves is stronger, which can reduce unnecessary energy loss.
  • the second included angle ⁇ is twice the first included angle ⁇ , or the difference between the second included angle ⁇ and twice the first included angle ⁇ satisfies a certain threshold.
  • the first patch subunit, the first feeder and the second feeder are arranged in sequence in a first direction, and the first feeder is located between the first patch subunit and the first patch in the first direction. between the second feeder.
  • the first antenna array is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and the first direction is the arrangement and extension direction of the antenna elements in the first antenna array on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer; the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer.
  • the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction.
  • the first end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit, and the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the connection between the first end of the first feed line and the first patch sub-unit may be a physical structure connection, or may be connected in a coupling manner.
  • the first antenna unit further includes: a first transmission line, the first transmission line is connected to the first patch sub-unit, and the first transmission line is connected to the first end of the first feeder line.
  • the first patch subunit is connected to the first feeder through the first transmission line.
  • the first patch subunit is not directly connected to the first feeder in physical structure.
  • the first antenna unit further includes: a second transmission line; the first end of the second transmission line is connected to the second end of the first feeder line; the second end of the second transmission line connected to the second feeder.
  • the first antenna unit forms a smaller physical aperture in the second direction, so that the Has a wider 3dB beamwidth.
  • the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the first patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or the included angle between the first patch subunit and the second direction is smaller than the first angle value.
  • the first antenna unit further includes: a second patch subunit.
  • the width of the second patch sub-unit in the first direction is different from the width of the first patch sub-unit.
  • the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction.
  • the sum of the physical angle between the second patch subunit and the first feeder and the second feeder is equal to the second angle ⁇ .
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feeder.
  • the second patch subunit and the first patch subunit are located on both sides of the first feeder in the second direction.
  • the second patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or the included angle between the second patch subunit and the second direction is smaller than the first angle value.
  • the included angle between the first feeder line and the second direction is a third included angle; the included angle between the second feeder line and the second direction is a fourth included angle; The difference between the triangular included angle and the fourth included angle is smaller than the first range.
  • the third included angle is the same as the fourth included angle.
  • the first feeder and the second feeder are symmetrical in process with the second direction as the axis of symmetry.
  • the physical aperture of the antenna unit in the second direction is L, 0.2 ⁇ L ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ , and the ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna device.
  • the second included angle ⁇ satisfies 68° ⁇ 88°, so that the first antenna array forms a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, and the first antenna can be realized
  • the energy of the unit and other adjacent antenna units are superimposed in phase to achieve high gain requirements, and have a wider range of impedance bandwidth, thus having better impedance characteristics, so the radiation efficiency is higher.
  • the at least one antenna unit further includes a second antenna unit, and the first antenna unit is connected to the second antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit is the same as the first antenna unit, or the second antenna unit is different from the first antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit includes a third patch subunit and a second feeder subunit, the second feeder subunit includes a third feeder and a fourth feeder, and the third patch subunit is connected to
  • the physical angle of the third feeder is the first angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 90°; and the physical angle between the third feeder and the fourth feeder is the second angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 180°.
  • the cable connection manner and connection angle of the second antenna unit are the same as those of the first antenna unit.
  • the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit in the first direction are different, so that low side lobes in the vertical plane can be achieved, thereby suppressing ground clutter.
  • the widths of the first feeder subunit and the second feeder subunit in the first direction are different, so that low side lobes in the vertical plane can be achieved, thereby suppressing ground clutter.
  • the first patch subunit is a metal patch.
  • the metal patch is a rectangular patch, a triangular patch, a trapezoidal patch, a V-shaped patch or a double-toothed patch.
  • the double-toothed patch is a double-toothed patch or a double-toothed U-shaped patch.
  • the second patch subunit and the third patch subunit are the same as the first patch subunit.
  • the device further includes: a first dielectric layer and a first floor layer, the first antenna array is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and the first floor layer is located on the first floor layer below the dielectric layer.
  • the first dielectric layer is a high-frequency circuit board
  • the thickness of the first dielectric layer is H, 0.003 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.15 ⁇
  • the ⁇ corresponds to the operating frequency of the antenna device. wavelength.
  • the dielectric constant of the high-frequency circuit board is 3 and the thickness is 5 mils.
  • the ⁇ is 78°.
  • the value of ⁇ is related to the material of the first dielectric layer. Different dielectric layer materials use different structures of the first antenna array, so that the 3dB beam width, impedance characteristics and radiation efficiency of the antenna device are optimized.
  • the first antenna array further includes a first impedance matching unit.
  • the device further includes a second antenna array, the second antenna array has the same structure as the first antenna array, the second antenna array includes a second antenna unit and a second impedance matching unit, so The impedance matching performance of the second impedance matching unit is different from that of the first impedance matching unit; the second antenna array is a non-feeding dummy antenna array.
  • the surface wave of the antenna can be effectively improved, thereby improving the amplitude consistency and phase consistency of the antenna array on the horizontal plane, thereby improving the angle measurement ability and ranging ability of the radar.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for fabricating an antenna device, including: etching a first antenna array on a first metal layer; the first antenna array includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one The antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit: the first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder; the first patch subunit The angle between the first feeder and the first feeder is the first angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 90°; the angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is the second angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 180° , the first antenna array and the first surface of the first dielectric layer are bonded together; the antenna device is grounded through the first floor layer.
  • the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction.
  • the first end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit; the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a first transmission line; the first transmission line is connected to the first patch sub-unit; the first transmission line is connected to the first end of the first feeder line.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a second transmission line; the first end of the second transmission line is connected to the first feeder line; the second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder line connected.
  • the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the first antenna unit further includes: a second patch subunit.
  • the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feeder.
  • a radar comprising the antenna device according to the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect.
  • the radar further includes a control chip, the control chip is connected to the antenna device, and the control chip is used to control the antenna device to transmit or receive signals.
  • a detection device in a fourth aspect, includes the antenna device according to the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect.
  • a fifth aspect provides a terminal, where the terminal includes the radar according to the third aspect or various embodiments of the third aspect.
  • the terminal is a vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure
  • Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of an included angle
  • Figure 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of an included angle
  • Figure 2 (c) is a schematic diagram of an included angle
  • FIG. 3 provides a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 provides a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5( a ) provides a schematic structural diagram of a possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5(b) provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8( a ) provides a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in a possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 8(b) provides a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 8( c ) provides a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 8(d) provides a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 8(e) provides a schematic structural diagram of the first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14(a) provides a comparison diagram of a simulation result of an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 14(b) provides another simulation result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 (c) provides another simulation result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 (a) provides a simulation result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16(b) provides another simulation result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16(c) provides another simulation result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 provides a schematic structural diagram of a radar 1700 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 provides a schematic structural diagram of a terminal 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 provides a schematic flowchart of a method 1900 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • SMD unit a module with wireless receiving and transmitting functions in the antenna structure.
  • Feeder It can also be called a cable, which has the function of transmitting signals.
  • Transmission line The electromagnetic wave carrying information is transported from one point to another along the route specified by the transmission line.
  • the application does not specifically limit the material of the transmission line, and the transmission line here can also be a feeder line, which has the function of transmitting signals and connecting cables.
  • Indirect coupling refers to coupling through coupling elements such as capacitors, inductors, and transformers.
  • Antennas also known as microstrip antennas, are used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, the antenna device includes a first antenna array, the first antenna array includes at least one antenna unit, and the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit.
  • the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit: the first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder.
  • the angle between the first patch sub-unit and the first feeder is a first angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 90°, and the angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 180°.
  • the first patch subunit and the first feeder form a first angle ⁇
  • the first feeder and the second feeder form a second angle ⁇ , so that the first antenna array is in the second direction Forming a smaller physical aperture, it can have a wider 3dB beam width, so it has a larger detection angle range on the horizontal plane.
  • the first patch sub-unit is connected in series with the first feeder sub-unit to have a wider range of impedance bandwidth, thereby having better impedance characteristics.
  • the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit, and the first patch subunit and the first feeder form a first angle ⁇ , and the first feeder and the second feeder form a second angle ⁇ , can achieve the same phase superposition with the energy of other adjacent antenna units, so the radiation efficiency is higher, and under the same input conditions, the ability to convert electromagnetic waves is stronger, which can reduce unnecessary energy loss.
  • both the first patch subunit and the first feeder subunit in the embodiment of the present application have the function of radiating energy or feeding energy, so the radiation efficiency of the antenna device in the embodiment of the present application is higher.
  • the dB decibel, decibel
  • the 3dB bandwidth refers to the corresponding frequency interval when the maximum gain of the antenna structure decreases by 3dB, which belongs to the general definition of the bandwidth of the antenna structure.
  • the 3dB beamwidth of the exemplary antenna of the present application is used to describe technical problems and technical effects, but the present application is not limited to only use 3dB bandwidth for expression, and any other expression used to characterize the antenna structure bandwidth can replace the 3dB bandwidth. The wider the 3dB beamwidth, the greater the detection angle the antenna structure has.
  • the antenna structure in the present application includes a patch subunit and a first feeder subunit in the first direction, which can be freely combined in the first direction, and the antenna can be designed flexibly, with stronger adjustability and higher degree of freedom.
  • the patch subunit in this application is also called a patch unit, which is a module having reception or transmission in the antenna unit, and the name of the patch subunit is not limited in this application.
  • the feeder line may also be called a microstrip line, or may be other cables with other feeder functions.
  • the first antenna array may also be referred to as a first microstrip antenna array.
  • the first patch subunit may be a metal patch, or other modules or cables with wireless reception and transmission.
  • the antenna device here may adopt an integral molding design, or may be formed by connecting cables or patches of different parts, which is not limited here.
  • At least one of the length or width of the first feed line and at least one of the length or width of the second feed line may be the same or different, which is not limited here.
  • the antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna arrays, the one or more antenna arrays including the first antenna array.
  • the first antenna array may include one or more antenna elements. In this application, the number of antenna arrays in the antenna device and the number of antenna elements in the antenna array are not limited.
  • the first antenna array is placed on the upper surface of the first medium, and the at least one antenna unit is placed flat on the upper surface of the first medium.
  • the first angle ⁇ and the second angle ⁇ in this application refer to the angle between the first patch sub-unit and the first feeder on the upper surface of the first medium where the antenna array is located and the included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder.
  • the above-mentioned included angle refers to an angle within 180°, and the two sides forming the included angle are the first side and the second side respectively, and the first side and the second side may be feeders or patch subunits.
  • the first side and the second side may be physically connected to each other. As shown in FIG.
  • the first side and the second side have an intersection point in the physical structure.
  • the first side and the second side may not be physically connected.
  • the first side and the second side are connected by a connecting line, and the first side and the The angle between the two sides refers to the angle formed at the intersection of the extension line of the first side and the second side.
  • the first side and the second side may not be physically connected, or the first side and the second side may be connected by indirect coupling, as shown in FIG. 2(c), the first side There is no intersection point with the second side in physical structure, and the included angle between the first side and the second side refers to the angle formed by the extension line of the second side and the first side at the intersection point. angle.
  • first side and the second side may be an acute angle or an obtuse angle in different directions, and an acute angle is used as an example for description in the figure.
  • Figures 2(a)-(c) just show several possible examples of the first side and the second side forming the included angle. The location is not limited.
  • the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction.
  • the first patch subunit, the first feeder and the second feeder are sequentially arranged in an upward direction in the first direction, and the first feeder is located between the first patch subunit and the second patch in the first direction. between feeders.
  • the first feeder, the first patch subunit, and the second feeder are sequentially arranged in the upward direction in the first direction.
  • the first patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or the included angle between the first patch subunit and the second direction is smaller than the first angle value. Due to the limitation of the manufacturing process, the first patch sub-unit and the second direction may not be parallel, which may cause a certain range of errors due to the manufacturing process. In the present application, a certain range of errors are caused by the manufacturing process. , can be ignored.
  • the placement direction of the first patch subunit may also be such that the included angle of the second direction is smaller than the first angle value, and the size of the first angle value is not limited here.
  • the first antenna array further includes a first impedance matching unit.
  • the first impedance matching unit is connected to the first antenna array through a transmission line for impedance matching, and the transmission line may be a straight line or a broken line, which is not limited in this application.
  • the first direction is defined as the arrangement extension direction of the antenna elements
  • the second direction is the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the plane of the first antenna array and the first direction.
  • the antenna arrangement 100 includes a first antenna array including at least one antenna element.
  • the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit 110 and a first feeder subunit.
  • the first feeder subunit includes a first feeder 121 and a second feeder 122 .
  • the first end of the first feeder 121 is connected to the first patch subunit 110 ; the second end of the first feeder 121 is connected to the second feeder 122 , and the second feeder 122 is the first feeder 121 .
  • the two ends are the starting points and extend upward along the first direction, instead of extending according to the dashed line in FIG. 3 .
  • the dashed line in FIG. 3 extends downward along the first direction.
  • FIG. 3 is used as an example. For description, it will not be repeated in other drawings.
  • the first end of the first feeder 121 and the second end of the first feeder 121 are the lower end and the upper end of the first feeder in the first direction, respectively.
  • the antenna arrangement 200 includes a first antenna array including at least one antenna element.
  • the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit including a first patch subunit 210 , a first transmission line, a first feeder 221 , a second transmission line, and a second feeder 222 .
  • the first transmission line is connected to the first patch subunit 210 , and the first transmission line is connected to the first end of the first feeder line 221 .
  • the first end of the second transmission line is connected to the second end of the first feeder line 221 , the second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder line 222 , and the second feeder line 122 is connected with the second end.
  • the second end of the transmission line is a starting point and extends upward along the first direction.
  • the concept of the first end and the second end here is the same as that of the first end and the second end of the first feed line 121, and they are the lower end and the upper end in the first direction, respectively.
  • the first transmission line, the first feeder line 221, the second transmission line, and the second feeder line 222 can be understood as one feeder line, and the division of the feeder line here is only to illustrate the specific structure of the feeder line.
  • 'connected' is the connection of structures of different segments within a feeder.
  • the lengths of the first transmission line and the second transmission line in the first direction may be the same or different.
  • the first transmission line and the second transmission line may also be feeder lines, and the names of the first transmission line and the second transmission line are not limited here.
  • the first patch subunit is connected to the first feeder through the first transmission line.
  • the first patch subunit is not directly connected to the first feeder in physical structure.
  • the first antenna unit can form a smaller physical aperture in the second direction, so that it can have a wider 3dB beam width on the horizontal plane.
  • the first antenna unit forms a smaller physical aperture in the second direction, so that the Has a wider 3dB beamwidth.
  • 'connected' may be connected in physical structure, and 'connected' may also be connected by means of indirect coupling, and there is no intersection point in physical structure.
  • the second angle ⁇ is twice the first angle ⁇ , or the absolute value of the difference between the second angle ⁇ and twice the first angle ⁇ is less than or equal to a certain value.
  • threshold Due to the limitation of the manufacturing process, the second angle ⁇ and the first angle ⁇ twice may cause errors due to the manufacturing process. In this application, if the error caused by the manufacturing process is within a certain threshold, it can be can be ignored.
  • the present application does not limit the size of a certain threshold, which may be configured or defined according to the manufacturing process and/or performance requirements.
  • the included angle between the first feeder and the second direction is a third angle
  • the angle between the second feeder and the second direction is a fourth angle
  • the third angle The difference with the fourth included angle is smaller than the first range, and the size of the first range is not limited here.
  • the third angle is the same as the fourth angle, that is, the first feeder and the second feeder are technologically symmetric with the second direction as the symmetry axis. Due to the limitation of the manufacturing process, the third angle and the fourth angle may not be exactly the same, which may cause a certain range of errors due to the manufacturing process. In this application, the manufacturing process causes a certain range of errors, can be ignored.
  • the first antenna unit further includes a second patch subunit.
  • the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction, or the second patch subunit passes through the second end of the second feeder connected to the transmission line.
  • the second patch subunit and the first patch subunit are located on both sides of the first feeder in the second direction.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feed line, and is located in the middle of the first feed line and the second feed line in the first direction.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line
  • the second patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or the included angle between the second patch subunit and the second direction is smaller than the first angle value. Or the sum of the physical angle between the second patch subunit and the first feeder and the second feeder is equal to the second angle ⁇ .
  • the widths of the first patch subunit and the second patch subunit in the first direction may be the same or different, which are not limited here.
  • the physical aperture of the antenna unit in the second direction is L, 0.2 ⁇ L ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ , and the ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna device.
  • the structure of the antenna device shown in FIG. 6 can make the first antenna array form a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, so that it can have a wider 3dB beam width, so it has a larger beam width on the horizontal plane. Detection angle range.
  • the units of L and ⁇ are both millimeters.
  • the first antenna array can form a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, and the energy of the first antenna unit and other adjacent antenna units can be superimposed in the same phase, and the same phase can be generated in the adjacent patch sub-units.
  • the equivalent magnetic current in the directional direction achieves high gain requirements, and has a wider range of impedance bandwidth, resulting in better impedance characteristics and higher radiation efficiency.
  • the at least one antenna unit further includes a second antenna unit; the first antenna unit is connected to the second antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit includes a third patch subunit and a second feeder subunit, the second feeder subunit includes a third feeder and a fourth feeder, and the physical relationship between the third patch subunit and the third feeder is The included angle is the first included angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 90°; and the physical included angle between the third feeder and the fourth feeder is the second angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ 180°.
  • the second antenna unit is connected to the second feeder of the first antenna unit through a third transmission line, or the second antenna unit is directly connected to the second feeder of the first antenna unit.
  • the two feeders are connected, and the arrangement of the second antenna unit is the same as that of the first antenna unit.
  • the second antenna unit may also include a fourth transmission line, and the fourth transmission line is used to connect the third feeder line and the fourth feeder line.
  • the lengths of the first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line and the fourth transmission line in the first direction may be the same or different, which are not limited in this application.
  • the first antenna array may also include a third antenna element, and the structure of the third antenna element may be the same as that of the first antenna element or the second antenna element.
  • the antenna units are the same, or the structure of the third antenna unit may be different from that of the first antenna unit or the second antenna unit.
  • An antenna array may include antenna units with the same structure or antenna units with different structures.
  • the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit in the first direction are different, so that low side lobes in the vertical plane can be achieved, thereby suppressing ground clutter.
  • the widths of the first feeder subunit and the second feeder subunit in the first direction are different, so that low side lobes in the vertical plane can be achieved, thereby suppressing ground clutter.
  • the width of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit in the first direction may also be the same, which is not limited in this application.
  • the metal patch when the first patch sub-unit, the second patch sub-unit or the third patch sub-unit is a metal patch, the metal patch may be a rectangular patch, a triangular patch, or a trapezoidal patch. , V-shaped patch or double tooth patch.
  • the double-toothed patch can be a double-toothed U-shaped patch or a double-rectangular patch.
  • the width of the patch subunit mentioned above may be a geometric parameter that can characterize the shape and size of the patch subunit.
  • At least one of the first patch subunit, the second patch subunit, and the third patch subunit may be connected to the first transmission line in an indirect coupling manner, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the first patch subunit, the second patch subunit, and the third patch subunit are connected to the transmission line by means of indirect coupling.
  • the antenna device further includes a first dielectric layer and a first floor layer, the first antenna array is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and the first floor layer A layer is located below the first dielectric layer, and the first floor layer is adhered to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer.
  • the antenna device includes a three-layer printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) structure
  • the surface layer is an antenna array
  • the first dielectric layer may be a high-frequency circuit board or other materials.
  • a high-frequency circuit board is a special circuit board with a high electromagnetic frequency.
  • a high-frequency can be defined as a frequency above 1GHz. Its physical properties, precision, and technical parameters are very demanding, and are often used in automotive anti-collision systems, satellite systems, radio systems and other fields.
  • the thickness H of the first dielectric layer satisfies 0.003 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.15 ⁇ , and the ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna device.
  • the units of H and ⁇ are both millimeters.
  • the value of ⁇ is related to the material of the first dielectric layer.
  • the first dielectric layer can be a high-frequency circuit board NF30 with a dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 5 mils, and the first floor layer is a metal floor layer. At this time, ⁇ is 78°.
  • the 3dB beam width, impedance characteristics and radiation efficiency of the antenna device can be optimized.
  • the device further includes a second antenna array, the second antenna array includes a second antenna unit and a second impedance matching unit having the same structure as the first antenna array, and the second impedance matching unit Different from the impedance matching performance of the first impedance matching unit, the second antenna array is a non-feed dummy antenna array.
  • the antenna device includes 10 antenna arrays ANT1-ANT10.
  • ANT4-ANT7 are feeding antennas, that is, the feeding terminals of the ANT4-ANT7 have current input.
  • the structures of the ANT4-ANT7 may be the same or different.
  • ANT1-ANT3 and ANT8-ANT10 are non-feed dummy antennas, and the structures of the ANT1-ANT3 and ANT8-ANT10 are the same or different.
  • the feeding terminal processing of the non-feeding dummy element antenna is not limited to short-circuit or open-circuit processing, and the lengths of the short-circuit and open-circuit are not limited.
  • the structures of the ANT1-ANT3 and ANT8-ANT10 and the ANT4-ANT7 may be the same or different.
  • the number and arrangement of the fed antennas and the non-feed dummy antenna arrays are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the structure of the first antenna array in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. 12 , the position of the first impedance matching unit is located in the middle of the antenna array, the position of the first impedance matching unit is only an example, the first impedance matching unit The unit may also be located in the middle of two other adjacent antenna units, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 13 the structure of a first antenna array provided by the present application is shown in FIG. 13 , and the widths of the patch subunits are the same.
  • the number of antenna units described in FIG. 13 is only an example, and is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 14(a)-(c) The performance comparison simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 13 and the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1 are shown in FIG. 14(a)-(c).
  • Figure 14(a) shows the comparison results of reflection coefficients. Compared with the antenna structure shown in Figure 1, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in Figure 13 is increased from 1.3% to 6.5%.
  • Figure 14(b) shows the antenna structure.
  • the radiation efficiency comparison results show that the efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 13 is 22% higher than that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 14(c) shows the comparison results of the normalized pattern of the antenna horizontal plane.
  • the antenna shown in Figure 13 The 3dB beamwidth of the structure is 46 degrees wider than that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 1.
  • the width of the patch subunit is the largest in the middle, and gradually becomes smaller on both sides.
  • Fig. 16(a)-(c) The performance comparison simulation diagrams of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 15 and the antenna structure shown in Fig. 1 are shown in Fig. 16(a)-(c).
  • Fig. 16(a) shows the results of the comparison of the reflection coefficients of the antennas. Compared with the antenna structure shown in Fig. 1, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in Fig. 15 is increased from 1.3% to 7.3%.
  • Fig. 16(b) shows Comparison results of antenna radiation efficiency, the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure shown in Figure 15 is 22% higher than that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 16(c) shows the comparison results of the normalized pattern of the antenna horizontal plane. The 3dB beamwidth of the antenna structure is 52 degrees wider than that of the antenna structure shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of a radar 1700 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the radar 1700 includes an antenna device 1701, and the antenna device 1701 may be any of the antenna devices in the foregoing embodiments. Further, the radar 1700 is a millimeter wave radar.
  • the radar 1700 further includes a control chip 1702, the control chip 1702 is connected to the antenna device, and the control chip 1702 is used to control the antenna device to transmit or receive signals.
  • the radar can also be other detection devices with detection function.
  • FIG. 18 shows a terminal 1800 provided by an embodiment of the present application, where the terminal 1800 includes the radar 1700 described in FIG. 17 .
  • the terminal described in this embodiment of the present application may have the capability of implementing a communication function and/or a detection function through a radar, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal may be a vehicle in automatic driving or intelligent driving, a drone, an unmanned transport vehicle, a robot, or the like.
  • the terminal may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (Pad), a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) terminal, an augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) terminal ) terminal, terminal in industrial control, terminal in self driving, terminal in remote medical, terminal in smart grid, transportation safety
  • the present application also provides a preparation method 1900 of an antenna device, and the method includes S1901-S1903.
  • the first antenna array includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch
  • the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in the first direction.
  • the first end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit; the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a first transmission line; the first transmission line is connected to the first patch subunit; the first transmission line is connected to the first end of the first feeder.
  • the antenna unit further includes: a second transmission line; a first end of the second transmission line is connected to the first feeder line; and a second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder line.
  • the second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.
  • the first antenna unit further includes: a second patch subunit.
  • the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line.
  • the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feeder.
  • the first patch subunit is connected in series with the first feeder subunit, and the first feeder and the second feeder form an included angle ⁇ , so that the first antenna array is formed in the second direction Smaller physical aperture, so that it can have a wider 3dB beam width, so it has a larger detection angle range on the horizontal plane.
  • the first patch sub-unit is connected in series with the first feeder sub-unit to have a wider range of impedance bandwidth, thereby having better impedance characteristics.
  • the radiation unit of the first antenna unit adopts the way of connecting the first patch subunit and the first feeder subunit in series, which can realize in-phase superposition with the energy of other adjacent antenna units, so the radiation efficiency is higher, and the input conditions are the same. Under the circumstance, the ability to convert electromagnetic waves is stronger, which can reduce unnecessary energy loss.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be Incorporation may either be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种天线装置及其制备方法、雷达及终端,属于传感器技术领域,可以应用于自动驾驶或智能驾驶领域。该天线装置包括第一天线阵列,第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,至少一个天线单元中的第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:其中,所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第一夹角θ满足0<θ<90°;所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的第二夹角β满足0<β<180°。本申请实施例能够扩展天线结构的3dB波束宽度,进一步,该方法提升了终端在自动驾驶或者辅助驾驶中的高级驾驶辅助系统ADAS能力,可以应用于车联网,如车辆外联V2X、车间通信长期演进技术LTE-V、车辆-车辆V2V等。

Description

天线装置、天线装置的制备方法、雷达及终端 技术领域
本申请涉及传感器技术领域,并且更具体地,涉及传感器技术领域中的天线装置及其制备方法、雷达和终端。
背景技术
随着社会的发展,智能运输设备、智能家居设备、机器人等智能终端正在逐步进入人们的日常生活中。传感器在智能终端上发挥着十分重要的作用。安装在智能终端上的各式各样的传感器,比如毫米波雷达,激光雷达,摄像头,超声波雷达等,在智能终端的运动过程中感知周围的环境,收集数据,进行移动物体的辨识与追踪,以及静止场景如车道线、标示牌的识别,并结合导航仪及地图数据进行路径规划。传感器可以预先察觉到可能发生的危险并辅助甚至自主采取必要的规避手段,有效增加了智能终端的安全性和舒适性。
以智能终端为智能运输设备为例,毫米波雷达由于成本较低、技术比较成熟率先成为无人驾驶系统和辅助驾驶系统的主力传感器。目前高级辅助驾驶系统(Advanced Driver Assistance Systems,ADAS)已开发出十多项功能,其中自适应巡航控制(Adaptive Cruise Control,ACC)、自动紧急制动(Autonomous Emergency Braking,AEB)、变道辅助(Lance Change Assist,LCA)、盲点监测(Blind Spot Monitoring,BSD)都离不开毫米波雷达。
从雷达的探测场景和实现功能来看,要求雷达所使用的天线具有较宽的3dB波束宽度,其中,较宽的3dB波束宽度能够保证在水平方向上具有较大的探测角度范围。
图1示出了现有的天线结构的示意性结构图,现有的天线结构采用串馈形式,然而,图1中所示的天线结构具有的3dB波束宽度较小,从而水平方向上的探测角度范围较小。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线装置及其制备方法、雷达和终端,能够扩展天线结构的3dB波束宽度。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种天线装置,包括:第一天线阵列;所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
其中,第一夹角θ是指所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在物理空间上形成的锐角夹角,第一贴片子单元和所述第一馈线可以在物理结构上相连,也可以在物理结构上不直接相连。第二夹角β是指所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线在物理空间上形成的锐角夹角或钝角夹角,所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线可以在物理结构上相连,也可以在物理结构上不直 接相连。这里的在物理结构上相连为具有实际的连接点,在物理结构上不直接相连为没有实际的连接点,通过间接耦合的方式连接,或者通过其他线缆连接。
本申请实施例中,该天线装置可以应用于雷达中,或者其他具有信号发射和/或接收功能的装置中。该天线装置可以包括一个或多个天线阵列,第一天线阵列可以包括一个或多个天线单元。
本申请实施例的天线装置中,第一贴片子单元与第一馈线形成夹角θ,并且第一馈线与第二馈线形成夹角β,使得第一天线阵列在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度,因此在水平面上具有更大的探测角度范围。并且通过第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接,具有更大范围的阻抗带宽,从而具有更好的阻抗特性。此外,第一天线单元的辐射单元采用第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接的方式,可以实现与相邻的其他天线单元的能量同相叠加,因此辐射效率更高,在输入条件相同的情况下,转化电磁波的能力更强,能够减少不必要的能量损失。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二夹角β为所述第一夹角θ的二倍,或者所述第二夹角β与二倍所述第一夹角θ的差满足一定阈值。
一种可能的实施方式,第一贴片子单元、所述第一馈线和第二馈线在第一方向上依次排列,所述第一馈线在第一方向上位于所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二馈线之间。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一天线阵列位于第一介质层的上表面,第一方向为在第一介质层上表面第一天线阵列中天线单元的布置延伸方向;所述第二方向为在第一介质层上表面与第一方向垂直的方向。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元相连,所述第一馈线的第二端与第二馈线相连。所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元的连接方式可以为物理结构上的连接,也可以通过耦合的方式连接。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线单元还包括:第一传输线,所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元相连,所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线的第一端相连。通过第一传输线将第一贴片子单元与第一馈线相连,第一贴片子单元与第一馈线在物理结构上不直接相连,在第一馈线的长度不变以及第一贴片子单元与第一馈线的夹角一定的情况下,使得第一天线单元在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以在水平面上具有更宽的3dB波束宽度。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线单元还包括:第二传输线;所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线的第二端相连;所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。在第一馈线和第二馈线的长度不变以及第一馈线与第二馈线的夹角一定的情况下,使得第一天线单元在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以在水平面上具有更宽的3dB波束宽度。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线单元还包括:第二贴片子单元。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向的宽度与所述第一贴片子单元的宽度不同。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线的物理夹角之和等于所述第二夹角β。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一贴片子单元在第二方向上位于所述第一馈线的两侧。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第三夹角;所述第二馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第四夹角;所述第三夹角与所述第四夹角的差小于第一范围。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第三夹角与所述第四夹角相同。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线以所述第二方向为对称轴在工艺上对称。
一种可能的实施方式,所述天线单元在所述第二方向的物理口径为L,0.2λ≤L≤0.75λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。通过所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线形成一定夹角θ,以及所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线形成一定夹角β,使所述第一天线阵列在第二方向形成更小的物理口径L,从而可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度,因此在水平面上具有更大的探测角度范围。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二夹角β满足68°≤β≤88°,使得所述第一天线阵列在第二方向形成更小的物理口径L,并且能够实现所述第一天线单元与相邻的其他天线单元的能量同相叠加,实现高增益要求,且具有更大范围的阻抗带宽,从而具有更好的阻抗特性,因此辐射效率更高。
一种可能的实施方式,所述至少一个天线单元还包括第二天线单元,所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二天线单元与所述第一天线单元相同,或,所述第二天线单元与所述第一天线单元不同。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二天线单元包括第三贴片子单元以及第二馈线子单元,所述第二馈线子单元包含第三馈线和第四馈线,所述第三贴片子单元与所述第三馈线的物理夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;且所述第三馈线与所述第四馈线的物理夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
一种可能的实施方式,第二天线单元中的线缆连接方式以及连接角度与第一天线单元相同。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第三贴片子单元在所述第一方向的宽度不同,可以实现垂直面的低副瓣,从而抑制地杂波。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线子单元与所述第二馈线子单元在所述第一方向的宽度不同,可以实现垂直面的低副瓣,从而抑制地杂波。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元为金属贴片。
一种可能的实施方式,所述金属贴片为长方形贴片、三角型贴片、梯形贴片、V型贴片或双齿形贴片。
一种可能的实施方式,所述双齿形贴片为双长方形贴片或双齿U型贴片。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元和所述第三贴片子单元与所述第一贴片子单元相同。
一种可能的实施方式,所述装置还包括:第一介质层和第一地板层,所述第一天线阵列位于所述第一介质层上表面,所述第一地板层位于所述第一介质层下方。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一介质层为高频电路板材,所述第一介质层的厚度为H,0.003λ≤H≤0.15λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。
一种可能的实施方式,所述高频电路板材的介电常数为3,厚度为5密耳。
一种可能的实施方式,所述β为78°。
一种可能的实施方式,所述β的取值与所述第一介质层的材料有关。不同的介质层材料采用不同的第一天线阵列的结构,使得天线装置的3dB波束宽度、阻抗特性和辐射效率达到最优。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线阵列还包括第一阻抗匹配单元。
一种可能的实施方式,所述装置还包括第二天线阵列,所述第二天线阵列与第一天线阵列结构相同,所述第二天线阵列包括第二天线单元和第二阻抗匹配单元,所述第二阻抗匹配单元与所述第一阻抗匹配单元的阻抗匹配性能不同;所述第二天线阵列为不馈电哑元天线阵列。通过增加不馈电哑元天线结构,能够有效改善天线表面波,从而提升天线阵列在水平面上的幅度一致性和相位一致性,从而提高雷达的测角能力和测距能力。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供了一种天线装置的制备方法,包括:在第一金属层上刻蚀出第一天线阵列;所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°,将所述第一天线阵列与第一介质层的第一表面粘结在一起;所述天线装置通过所述第一地板层接地。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元相连;所述第一馈线的第二端与第二馈线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述天线单元还包括:第一传输线;所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元相连;所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线的第一端相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述天线单元还包括:第二传输线;所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线相连;所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线单元还包括:第二贴片子单元。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连。
第三方面,提供一种雷达,所述雷达包括如第一方面或第一方面的各种实施方式所述的天线装置。
一种可能的实施方式,所述雷达还包括控制芯片,所述控制芯片与所述天线装置连接,所述控制芯片用于控制所述天线装置发射或接收信号。
第四方面,提供一种探测装置,所述探测装置包括如第一方面或第一方面的各种实施方式所述的天线装置。
第五方面,提供一种终端,所述终端包括第三方面或第三方面的各种实施方式所述的雷达。
一种可能的实施方式,所述终端为车辆。
关于第二方面、第三方面、第四方面、第五方面以及每个方面对应的各种实施方式所带来的技术效果,可以参考对于第一方面或第一方面的各种实施方式的技术效果的介绍,不多赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1提供了一种天线结构的示意性结构图;
图2(a)为一种夹角的示意图;
图2(b)为一种夹角的示意图;
图2(c)为一种夹角的示意图;
图3提供了本申请实施例的天线装置100的示意性结构图;
图4提供了本申请实施例的天线装置200的示意性结构图;
图5(a)提供了本申请实施例的一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图5(b)提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图6提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图7提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图8(a)提供了本申请实施例的一种可能的天线装置中的第一贴片子单元的示意性结构图;
图8(b)提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置中的第一贴片子单元的示意性结构图;
图8(c)提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置中的第一贴片子单元的示意性结构图;
图8(d)提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置中的第一贴片子单元的示意性结构图;
图8(e)提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置中的第一贴片子单元的示意 性结构图;
图9提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图10提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图11提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图12提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图13提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图14(a)提供了本申请实施例的一种仿真结果对比图;
图14(b)提供了本申请实施例的又一种仿真结果对比图;
图14(c)提供了本申请实施例的又一种仿真结果对比图;
图15提供了本申请实施例的又一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图;
图16(a)提供了本申请实施例的一种仿真结果对比图;
图16(b)提供了本申请实施例的又一种仿真结果对比图;
图16(c)提供了本申请实施例的又一种仿真结果对比图;
图17提供了本申请实施例的雷达1700的结构示意图;
图18提供了本申请实施例的终端1800的结构示意图;
图19提供了本申请实施例的方法1900的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
以下,对本申请实施例中的部分用语进行解释说明,以便于本领域技术人员理解。
1、贴片单元:天线结构中具有无线接收、发射功能的模块。
2、馈线:又可以称为电缆线,具有传输信号的作用。
3、传输线:把载有信息的电磁波,沿着传输线规定的路由自一点输送到另一点。本申请对传输线的材质等不做具体限定,这里的传输线也可以为馈线,具有传输信号和连接线缆的作用。
4、间接耦合:是指通过电容、电感、变压器等耦合元件进行耦合。
5、天线,也可以叫做微带天线,用来发射或接收电磁波。
这里还需要说明的是,全文涉及多处“上表面”、“下表面”、“上端”、“下端”等类似的表述,但是这里的“上”和“下”仅是为了表明相对的两个表面或者两端,并不限制具体位置的上下关系。
本申请实施例提供了一种天线装置,该天线装置包括第一天线阵列,所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元。所述第一天线单元 包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线。所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°,所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
本申请实施例的天线装置中,第一贴片子单元与第一馈线形成第一夹角θ,并且第一馈线与第二馈线形成第二夹角β,使得第一天线阵列在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度,因此在水平面上具有更大的探测角度范围。并且通过第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接,具有更大范围的阻抗带宽,从而具有更好的阻抗特性。此外,第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元,并且第一贴片子单元与第一馈线形成第一夹角θ,并且第一馈线与第二馈线形成第二夹角β,可以实现与相邻的其他天线单元的能量同相叠加,因此辐射效率更高,在输入条件相同的情况下,转化电磁波的能力更强,能够减少不必要的能量损失。
此外,本申请实施例中第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元都具有辐射能量或者馈入能量的功能,因此本申请实施例中的天线装置辐射效率更高。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中的dB(decibel,分贝)是功率增益的单位,3dB带宽是即指天线结构的最大增益下降3dB时对应的频率间隔,属于天线结构的带宽的通用定义。本申请示例性天线具有的3dB波束宽度进行技术问题和技术效果的表述,但是本申请不限定仅适用3dB带宽来表述,其他任何用于表征天线结构带宽的表述均可以替换3dB带宽。3dB波束宽度越宽,天线结构具有的探测角度会越大。
本申请中的天线结构,在第一方向上包括贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元,可在第一方向上自由组合,天线可灵活设计,可调整性更强,自由度更高。
本申请中的贴片子单元也叫做贴片单元,为天线单元中具有接收或发射的模块,本申请对贴片子单元的名称不做限定。
所述馈线还可以称为微带线,也可以为其他具有其他馈电功能的线缆。该第一天线阵列也可以称为第一微带天线阵列。第一贴片子单元可以为金属贴片,也可以为其他的具有无线接收、发射的模块或线缆。这里的天线装置可以采用一体成型设计,也可以通过连接不同部分的线缆或贴片而成,这里不做限定。
所述第一馈线的长度或宽度中的至少一个和第二馈线的长度或宽度中的至少一个可以相同也可以不同,这里不做限定。
该天线装置可以包括一个或多个天线阵列,所述一个或多个天线阵列包括第一天线阵列。所述第一天线阵列可以包括一个或多个天线单元。本申请中天线装置中天线阵列的个数以及天线阵列中天线单元的个数不做限定。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线阵列在第一介质上表面放置,所述至少一个天线单元平放于第一介质上表面上。本申请中所述第一夹角θ和所述第二夹角β,是指在该天线阵列所在的第一介质上表面上,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角以及所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角。上面所述的夹角是指180°以内的角度,形成夹角的两条边分别为第一边和第二边,所述第一边和所述第二边可以为馈线或贴片子单元。所述第一边和所述第二边在物理结构上可以相连,如图2(a)所示,所述第一边和所述第二边在物理结构上有相交点。所述第一边和所述第二边在物理结构上也可以不相连,如图2(b)所示,第一边与第二边通过连接线连接,所述第一边与所述第二边的夹角是指第一边与第二 边的延长线在相交点处所形成的夹角。所述第一边和所述第二边在物理结构上也可以不相连,也可以第一边和第二边通过间接耦合的方式连接,如图2(c)所示,所述第一边和所述第二边在物理结构上没有相交点,所述第一边和所述第二边的夹角是指所述第二边的延长线与所述第一边在相交点处形成的夹角。本领域技术人员可知,所述第一边和第二边形成的夹角在不同的方向上可以为锐角夹角或者钝角夹角,图中以锐角夹角为示例来描述。图2(a)-(c)只是给出了形成夹角的第一边和第二边的几种可能的示例,本申请对形成夹角的所述第一边和所述第二边的位置不做限定。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。第一贴片子单元、所述第一馈线和第二馈线在第一方向上沿向上的方向依次排列,所述第一馈线在第一方向上位于所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二馈线之间。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线、第一贴片子单元和第二馈线在第一方向上沿向上的方向依次排列。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。由于制造工艺的限制,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向可能无法达到平行,可能会由于制造工艺而造成一定范围的误差,在本申请中,由于制造工艺而造成一定范围的误差,可以忽略不计。
第一贴片子单元的放置方向也可以为第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值,该第一角度值的大小这里不做限定。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一天线阵列还包括第一阻抗匹配单元。所述第一阻抗匹配单元与所述第一天线阵列通过传输线相连,用于匹配阻抗,所述传输线可以为直线或折线,本申请不做限定。
这里规定第一方向为天线单元的布置延伸方向,第二方向为与第一方向在所述第一天线阵列的平面上与所述第一方向垂直的方向,下面结合附图给出具体示例。
示例的,本申请给出一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图,如图3所示。该天线装置100包括第一天线阵列,所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元。所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元110和第一馈线子单元。第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线121和第二馈线122。所述第一馈线121的第一端与第一贴片子单元110相连;所述第一馈线121的第二端与第二馈线122相连,并且所述第二馈线122以第一馈线121的第二端为起点,沿着第一方向向上的方向延伸,而非按照图3中虚线的方式延伸,图3中虚线的延伸方式为沿着第一方向向下的延伸,这里以图3为例进行说明,其他附图中不再赘述。所述第一馈线121的第一端和所述第一馈线121的第二端分别为在第一方向上所述第一馈线的下端和上端。
示例的,本申请给出一种另一种可能的天线装置的示意性结构图,如图4所示。该天线装置200包括第一天线阵列,所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元。所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元210、第一传输线、第一馈线221、第二传输线、和第二馈线222。所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元210相连,所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线221的第一端相连。所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线221的第二端相连,所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线222相连,并且所述第二馈线122以第二传输线的第二端为起点,沿着第一方向向上的方向延伸。这里第一 端和第二端与上述第一馈线121的第一端和第二端的概念相同,分别为在第一方向上的下端和上端。当所述天线装置为一体成型时,所述第一传输线、第一馈线221、第二传输线、和第二馈线222可以理解为一条馈线,这里对馈线的划分只是为了说明馈线的具体结构而体现,‘相连’为一条馈线内的不同段的结构的连接。所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线在第一方向上的长度可以相同,也可以不同。所述第一传输线和所述第二传输线也可以为馈线,这里对第一传输线和第二传输线的名称不做限定。
通过第一传输线将第一贴片子单元与第一馈线相连,第一贴片子单元与第一馈线在物理结构上不直接相连,在第一馈线的长度不变以及第一贴片子单元与第一馈线的夹角一定的情况下,,使得第一天线单元在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而在水平面上可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度。在第一馈线和第二馈线的长度不变以及第一馈线与第二馈线的夹角一定的情况下,使得第一天线单元在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以在水平面上具有更宽的3dB波束宽度。
本申请实施例中的‘相连’可以为物理结构上的相连,‘相连’也可以为通过间接耦合的方式连接,在物理结构上不存在相交点。
可选的,所述第二夹角β为所述第一夹角θ的二倍,或者所述第二夹角β与二倍所述第一夹角θ的差的绝对值小于或者等于一定阈值。由于制造工艺的限制,所述第二夹角β与所述第一夹角θ的二倍可能会由于制造工艺而造成误差,在本申请中,由于制造工艺而造成误差在一定阈值内,可以忽略不计。本申请对一定阈值的大小不做限定,可以依据制造工艺和/或性能需求等配置或者定义。
可选的,所述第一馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第三夹角,所述第二馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第四夹角,所述第三夹角与所述第四夹角的差小于第一范围,该第一范围的大小这里不做限定。
可选的,所述第三角度与所述第四角度相同,即所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线以所述第二方向为对称轴在工艺上对称。由于制造工艺的限制,所述第三夹角与所述第四角度可能无法完全相同,可能会由于制造工艺而造成一定范围的误差,在本申请中,由于制造工艺而造成一定范围的误差,可以忽略不计。
可选的,所述第一天线单元还包括第二贴片子单元。
可选的,所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间,或所述第二贴片子单元与第二馈线的第二端通过传输线相连。
可选的,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一贴片子单元在第二方向上位于所述第一馈线的两侧。
示例的,如图5(a)所示,第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连,在第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的中间。
示例的,如图5(b)所示,第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连,
一种可能的实施方式,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。或者所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线的物理夹角之和等于所述第二夹角β。
所述第一贴片子单元和所述第二贴片子单元在第一方向上的宽度可以相同,也可以不同,这里不做限定。
一种可能的实施方式,所述天线单元在所述第二方向的物理口径为L,0.2λ≤L≤0.75λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。示例的,如图6所示的天线装置结构可以使所述第一天线阵列在第二方向形成更小的物理口径L,从而可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度,因此在水平面上具有更大的探测角度范围。这里L和λ的单位均为毫米。
一种可能的实施方式,68°≤β≤88°。使得所述第一天线阵列在第二方向形成更小的物理口径L,并且能够实现所述第一天线单元与相邻的其他天线单元的能量同相叠加,相邻的贴片子单元中可以产生同向的等效磁流,实现高增益要求,且具有更大范围的阻抗带宽,从而具有更好的阻抗特性,因此辐射效率更高。
一种可能的实施方式,所述至少一个天线单元还包括第二天线单元;所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元相连。
所述第二天线单元包括第三贴片子单元以及第二馈线子单元,所述第二馈线子单元包含第三馈线和第四馈线,所述第三贴片子单元与所述第三馈线的物理夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;且所述第三馈线与所述第四馈线的物理夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
示例的,如图7所示,所述第二天线单元通过第三传输线与所述第一天线单元的第二馈线相连,或者,所述第二天线单元直接与所述第一天线单元的第二馈线相连,所述第二天线单元的摆放方式与所述第一天线单元相同。可选的,第二天线单元也可以包括第四传输线,所述第四传输线用于连接第三馈线和第四馈线。第一传输线、第二传输线、第三传输线和第四传输线在第一方向上的长度可以相同,也可以不相同,本申请不做限制。图7中只是通过第一天线阵列包括两个天线单元为示例来描述,所述第一天线阵列还可以包括第三天线单元,所述第三天线单元的结构可以与第一天线单元或者第二天线单元相同,或者所述第三天线单元的结构也可以与第一天线单元或者第二天线单元的结构不同。本申请对不同天线单元的组合方式不做限定,一个天线阵列中,可以包括相同结构的天线单元,也可以包括不同结构的天线单元。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第三贴片子单元在所述第一方向的宽度不同,可以实现垂直面的低副瓣,从而抑制地杂波。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一馈线子单元与所述第二馈线子单元在所述第一方向的宽度不同,可以实现垂直面的低副瓣,从而抑制地杂波。
一种可能的实施方式,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第三贴片子单元在所述第一方向的宽度也可以相同,本申请不做限定。
上述实施例中,当所述第一贴片子单元、第二贴片子单元或第三贴片子单元为金属贴片时,所述金属贴片可以为长方形贴片、三角型贴片、梯形贴片、V型贴片或双齿形贴片。所述双齿形贴片可以为双齿U型贴片或双长方形贴片。下面以第一贴片子单元为例结合附图对贴片子单元的具体形状进行描述。
示例的,图8(a)-(e)分别给出了当第一贴片子单元分别为三角型贴片、梯形贴片、V型贴片、双长方形贴片和双齿U型贴片的示意图。当所述第一贴片子单元的形状为图8(a)-(e)所示的形状时,上述提到的贴片子单元的宽度可以为能表征贴片子单元形状大小的几何参数。
可选的,所述第一贴片子单元、所述第二贴片子单元和所述第三贴片子单元中的至少一个可以通过间接耦合的方式与第一传输线连接,如图9所示,所述第一贴片子单元、所 述第二贴片子单元和所述第三贴片子单元通过间接耦合的方式与传输线连接。
一种可能的实施方式,如图10所示,所述天线装置还包括第一介质层和第一地板层,所述第一天线阵列位于所述第一介质层上表面,所述第一地板层位于所述第一介质层下方,所述第一地板层与所述第一介质层的下表面粘连。
可选的,所述天线装置包括三层印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)结构,表层为天线阵列,第一介质层可以为高频电路板材或者其他材料。这里需要说明的是,高频电路板是电磁频率较高的特种电路板,一般来说,高频可定义为频率在1GHz以上。其各项物理性能、精度、技术参数要求非常高,常用于汽车防碰撞系统、卫星系统、无线电系统等领域。所述第一介质层的厚度H满足0.003λ≤H≤0.15λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。这里H和λ的单位都是毫米。
可选的,所述β的取值与所述第一介质层的材料有关。所述第一介质层可以为介电常数为3,厚度为5密耳的高频电路板材NF30,第一地板层为金属地板层。此时β为78°。可以使得天线装置的3dB波束宽度、阻抗特性和辐射效率达到最优。
一种可能的实施方式,所述装置还包括第二天线阵列,所述第二天线阵列包括与第一天线阵列结构相同的第二天线单元和第二阻抗匹配单元,所述第二阻抗匹配单元与所述第一阻抗匹配单元的阻抗匹配性能不同,所述第二天线阵列为不馈电哑元天线阵列。
示例的,如图11所示,所述天线装置中包括10个天线阵列ANT1-ANT10。其中ANT4-ANT7为馈电天线,即所述ANT4-ANT7的馈电端有电流输入。所述ANT4-ANT7的结构可以相同或不同。ANT1-ANT3和ANT8-ANT10为不馈电哑元天线,所述ANT1-ANT3和ANT8-ANT10的结构相同或不相同。本实施例中不馈电哑元天线的馈电端端处理不限于短路或开路处理,短路和开路的长度不做限定。并且所述ANT1-ANT3和ANT8-ANT10和所述ANT4-ANT7的结构可以相同或不同。此外本实施例中对馈电天线以及不馈电哑元天线阵列的个数以及排列方式不做限定。通过增加不馈电哑元天线结构,能够有效改善天线表面波,从而提升天线阵列在水平面上的幅度一致性和相位一致性,从而提高雷达的测角能力和测距能力。
示例的,本申请实施例中的第一天线阵列结构如图12所示,所述第一阻抗匹配单元的位置位于天线阵列中间,所述第一阻抗匹配单元的位置只是示例,第一阻抗匹配单元还可以位于其他的相邻两个天线单元的中间,本申请不做限制。
示例的,本申请提供一种第一天线阵列的结构如图13所示,贴片子单元的宽度相同。图13中所述天线单元的个数只是示例,本申请不做限制。
图13所述的天线结构与图1所示的天线结构的性能对比仿真图如图14(a)-(c)所示。其中图14(a)给出了反射系数的对比结果,图13所述的天线结构的阻抗带宽较图1所示天线结构由1.3%提升至6.5%,其中图14(b)给出了天线辐射效率对比结果,图13所述的天线结构的效率较图1所示天线结构提升22%,其中图14(c)给出了天线水平面归一化方向图对比结果,图13所述的天线结构的3dB波束宽度较图1所示天线结构展宽46度。
示例的,本申请提供一种第一天线阵列的结构如图15所示,贴片子单元的宽度中间最大,两边逐渐变小。
图15所述的天线结构与图1所示的天线结构的性能对比仿真图如图16(a)-(c)所 示。其中图16(a)给出了天线反射系数对比的结果,图15所述的天线结构的阻抗带宽较图1所示天线结构由1.3%提升至7.3%,其中图16(b)给出了天线辐射效率对比结果,图15所述的天线结构的辐射效率较图1所示天线结构提升22%,其中图16(c)给出了天线水平面归一化方向图对比结果,图15所述的天线结构的3dB波束宽度较图1所示天线结构展宽52度。
图17示出了本申请实施例提供的雷达1700的示意性结构图,该雷达1700包括天线装置1701,所述天线装置1701为可以为任一种上述实施例中的天线装置。进一步,所述雷达1700为毫米波雷达。
可选地,所述雷达1700还包括控制芯片1702,所述控制芯片1702与所述天线装置连接,所述控制芯片1702用于控制所述天线装置发射或接收信号。
所述雷达还可以为其他具有探测功能的探测装置。
图18示出了本申请实施例提供的终端1800,该终端1800包括如图17所述的雷达1700。
可选地,本申请实施例中所述的终端可以具有通过雷达实现通信功能和/或探测功能的能力,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中,该终端可以是自动驾驶或智能驾驶中的车辆、无人机、无人运输车或者机器人等。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该终端可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(Pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)终端、增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)终端、工业控制(industrial control)中的终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的终端等等。
本申请还提供一种天线装置的制备方法1900,所述方法包括S1901-S1903。
S1901,在第一金属层上刻蚀出第一天线阵列;所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
S1902,将所述天线装置的第一表面与第一介质层的第一表面粘结在一起。
S1903,将所述第一介质层的第二表面与第一地板层的第一表面粘结在一起,所述天线装置通过所述第一地板层层接地。
可选的,所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。
可选的,所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元相连;所述第一馈线的第二端与第二馈线相连。
可选的,所述天线单元还包括:第一传输线;所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元相连;所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线的第一端相连。
可选的,所述天线单元还包括:第二传输线;所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线相连;所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
可选的,所述第一馈线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
可选的,所述第一天线单元还包括:第二贴片子单元。
可选的,所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间。
可选的,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连。
可选的,所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连。
采用本申请实施例的方法制备的天线装置,第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接,并且第一馈线与第二馈线形成夹角β,使得第一天线阵列在第二方向上形成更小的物理口径,从而可以具有更宽的3dB波束宽度,因此在水平面上具有更大的探测角度范围。并且通过第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接,具有更大范围的阻抗带宽,从而具有更好的阻抗特性。此外,第一天线单元的辐射单元采用第一贴片子单元与第一馈线子单元串接的方式,可以实现与相邻的其他天线单元的能量同相叠加,因此辐射效率更高,在输入条件相同的情况下,转化电磁波的能力更强,能够减少不必要的能量损失。
通过以上的实施方式的描述,所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成,即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述模块或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
以上所述,仅为本申请实施例的具体实施方式,但本申请实施例的保护范围并不局限于此,任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请实施例的保护范围之内。因此,本申请实施例的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (40)

  1. 一种天线装置,其特征在于,包括:
    第一天线阵列;
    所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:
    所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元相连;
    所述第一馈线的第二端与第二馈线相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一天线单元还包括:
    第一传输线;
    所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元相连;
    所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线的第一端相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1或4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一天线单元还包括:
    第二传输线;
    所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线的第二端相连;
    所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一馈线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第一天线单元还包括:第二贴片子单元。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一贴片子单元在第二方向上位于所述第一馈线的两侧。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第一贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。
  13. 根据权利要求7-12任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向平行,或所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二方向的夹角小于第一角度值。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述第一馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第三夹角;
    所述第二馈线与所述第二方向的夹角为第四夹角;
    所述第三夹角与所述第四夹角的差小于第一范围。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述天线单元在所述第二方向的物理口径为L,0.2λ≤L≤0.75λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的装置,其特征在于:其中,所述第二夹角β满足:68°≤β≤88°。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述至少一个天线单元还包括第二天线单元;
    所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元相连。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第二天线单元包括第三贴片子单元以及第二馈线子单元,所述第二馈线子单元包含第三馈线和第四馈线,所述第三贴片子单元与所述第三馈线的物理夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;且所述第三馈线与所述第四馈线的物理夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第三贴片子单元在所述第一方向的宽度不同。
  20. 根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一贴片子单元为金属贴片。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述金属贴片为长方形贴片、三角型贴片、梯形贴片、V型贴片或双齿形贴片。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    第一介质层和第一地板层,所述第一天线阵列位于所述第一介质层上表面,所述第一地板层位于所述第一介质层的下方。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一介质层为高频电路板材;
    所述第一介质层的厚度为H,0.003λ≤H≤0.15λ,所述λ为所述天线装置工作频率对应的波长。
  24. 根据权利要求1-23任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一天线阵列还包括第一阻抗匹配单元。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述装置还包括第二天线阵列,所述第二天线阵列与第一天线阵列结构相同,所述第二天线阵列包括第二天线单元和第二阻抗匹配单元,所述第二阻抗匹配单元与所述第一阻抗匹配单元的阻抗匹配性能不同;所述第二天线阵列为不馈电哑元天线阵列。
  26. 一种天线装置的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
    在第一金属层上刻蚀出第一天线阵列;所述第一天线阵列包括至少一个天线单元,所述至少一个天线单元包括第一天线单元,所述第一天线单元包括第一贴片子单元和第一馈线子单元:
    所述第一馈线子单元包括第一馈线和第二馈线;
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的夹角为第一夹角θ,0<θ<90°;
    所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线的夹角为第二夹角β,0<β<180°;
    将所述第一天线阵列与第一介质层的第一表面粘结在一起;
    将所述第一介质层的第二表面与第一地板层的第一表面粘结在一起,所述天线装置通过所述第一地板层接地。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第一贴片子单元与所述第一馈线在第一方向上相邻。
  28. 根据权利要求26或27所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第一馈线的第一端与第一贴片子单元相连;
    所述第一馈线的第二端与第二馈线相连。
  29. 根据权利要求26所述的方法,其特征在于,所述天线单元还包括:
    第一传输线;
    所述第一传输线与第一贴片子单元相连;
    所述第一传输线与所述第一馈线的第一端相连。
  30. 根据权利要求26或29所述的方法,其特征在于,所述天线单元还包括:
    第二传输线;
    所述第二传输线的第一端与所述第一馈线相连;
    所述第二传输线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的方法,其特征在于,
    所述第一馈线的第二端与所述第二馈线相连。
  32. 根据权利要求26-31任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第一天线单元还包括:第二贴片子单元。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元在所述第一方向上位于所述第一馈线与所述第二馈线之间。
  34. 根据权利要求32或33所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第二传输线相连。
  35. 根据权利要求32或33所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述第二贴片子单元与所述第一馈线的第二端相连。
  36. 一种雷达,其特征在于,所述雷达包括如权利要求1至25中任一项所述的天线装置。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的雷达,其特征在于,
    所述雷达还包括控制芯片,所述控制芯片与所述天线装置连接,所述控制芯片用于控制所述天线装置发射或接收信号。
  38. 一种探测装置,其特征在于,所述探测装置包括如权利要求1至25中任一项所述的天线装置。
  39. 一种终端,其特征在于,所述终端包括如权利要求36至37中任一项所述的雷达。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的终端,其特征在于,所述终端为车辆。
PCT/CN2020/116271 2020-09-18 2020-09-18 天线装置、天线装置的制备方法、雷达及终端 WO2022056858A1 (zh)

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