WO2022053103A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de chaîne ainsi qu'élément de chaîne et chaîne - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de chaîne ainsi qu'élément de chaîne et chaîne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022053103A1
WO2022053103A1 PCT/DE2021/100698 DE2021100698W WO2022053103A1 WO 2022053103 A1 WO2022053103 A1 WO 2022053103A1 DE 2021100698 W DE2021100698 W DE 2021100698W WO 2022053103 A1 WO2022053103 A1 WO 2022053103A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
chain
chain element
range
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2021/100698
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Julia Herrmann
Markus Dinkel
Christine Bach
Lucian Botez
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2022053103A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022053103A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/607—Molten salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0257—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0087—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for chains, for chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a chain element, a chain element formed according to the method, and a chain.
  • Chain elements of the type mentioned at the outset and methods for their manufacture are known from EP 2 660 340 A1.
  • a steel component is carburized or carbonitrided, then tempered and finally inductively hardened. This can also be followed by tempering in the temperature range from 130 to 220°C to reduce stresses in the component.
  • the component can be used, among other things, as a chain element.
  • DE 10 2013 224 851 A1 discloses a steel chain element comprising a core layer with a structure made of a ferrous matrix with at least one hard phase distributed therein and also a hardened surface layer with a martensitic structure.
  • carbon is introduced into areas of the steel close to the surface, for example by carburizing or carbonitriding.
  • the component is heated to a temperature in the range of 830 to 1000°C and held for 10 to 60 minutes.
  • the component is then quenched to a temperature in the range from 0 to 400° C., in particular from 25 to 300° C., in an oil bath or salt bath.
  • WO 2017/196 552 A1 discloses a steel material for a chain link which has a carbon content in the range from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight and a niobium content in the range from 0.26 to 1.5% by weight and is heat-treated to set a hardness in the range from 50 to 60 HRc.
  • the heat treatment includes a method from the group consisting of quenching in oil, tempering, salt bath bainitising, hot bath hardening in a salt bath.
  • the object of the invention is to further increase the performance of chain elements made from inexpensive standard materials for forming chains.
  • the invention is achieved by a method for producing a chain element, comprising the following steps:
  • the resulting chain element has high abrasion resistance and increased resistance to fatigue by approximately 8%. On the one hand, this is due to the grain size of the structure of the resulting chain element and, on the other hand, it is due to residual compressive stresses generated on the surface of the component.
  • Austenitizing preferably takes place at a temperature in the range from 900 to 920°C, in particular at 910°C. Austenitizing preferably takes place over a period of 20 to 40 minutes, in particular 25 to 35 minutes, preferably 30 minutes. Carbonitriding increases the proportion of carbon and nitrogen, particularly in the edge area of the component, whereby carbides and carbonitrides separate out and a structure with a fine-crystalline structure is created. Both significantly increase the abrasion resistance of the chain element and ultimately a chain formed with it.
  • the component is preferably in a gas atmosphere which has an ammonia content of 5% by volume. Furthermore, a carbon-containing gas is added as a carbon donor.
  • the component remains in the salt bath in particular for a period of 10 to 20 minutes, preferably 15 minutes.
  • the salt bath preferably contains potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite in equal parts by weight.
  • the bainitis is terminated prematurely, resulting in a microstructure comprising bainite, martensite and a high proportion of retained austenite.
  • the subsequent tempering preferably takes place over a period of 55 to 65 minutes, in particular 60 minutes.
  • the proportion of residual austenite present in the microstructure is thereby reduced.
  • the resulting mixture of bainite, martensite and the decomposition products of the retained austenite (cementite/femt and carbides) leads to an increase in the dynamic strength of the chain element.
  • the toughness of the steel is not adversely affected and its hardness is retained.
  • tempering compensates for embrittlement of the steel during carbonitriding.
  • the component is formed in particular from steel of the C55 or C65 grade.
  • steel of the C55 or C65 grade can also be used.
  • other types of steel with a carbon content in the range from 0.3 to 0.7% by weight can also be used.
  • a chain element in particular a link plate or a chain pin, which is produced using the method according to the invention has increased abrasion resistance and increased dynamic strength.
  • the chain element can also be in the form of a sleeve.
  • the nitrogen content is preferably at least 0.1% by weight.
  • Adjacent to a surface of the chain element this preferably has a carbon content in the range from 0.7 to 1.0% by weight.
  • a chain comprising a plurality of chain elements according to the invention has proven itself in that the chain elements are work-hardened by a stretching process on the chain. Such a chain has increased performance and significantly reduced chain elongation due to wear during chain operation.
  • the chain is preferably a roller and bush chain or a toothed chain.
  • Stretching is the defined plastic deformation of materials to achieve anisotropic mechanical properties. By stretching the chain, anisotropic properties are created on the chain elements, which improve durability and mechanical properties. Chain elongation due to wear is reduced by around 20%.
  • a chain can be stretched in two ways.
  • a closed chain can be stretched by tensioning and stretching it over two wheels.
  • the chain can be stretched in the non-moving, stationary state or dynamically stretched by turning the wheels in the state of movement.
  • stretching can be performed on an endless chain by running it over multiple wheels, loading and stretching it.
  • Roller and bush chains are preferably stretched with 30 - 60% of the breaking load, in particular 40 - 50% of the breaking load; to reduce fatigue in chain operation. becomes preferably one during stretching
  • Inverted tooth chains are preferably stretched with 50-85% of the breaking load, in particular 70-80% of the breaking load.
  • FIG. 1 shows a chain element in the form of a link plate
  • FIG. 2 shows a chain with several link plates according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a time-temperature diagram for a preferred method for producing a chain element.
  • Figure 1 shows a chain element 3 in the form of a link plate.
  • the link plate is formed of type C55 or C65 steel and has been hardened and heat treated as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a chain 1 comprising chain elements 3 in the form of link plates, which are connected to one another by means of further chain elements 2 in the form of chain pins.
  • the chain elements 2, 3 can also be shaped differently from the representation shown here, which is only intended to serve as an illustration.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time-temperature diagram which shows the course of a method according to the invention for producing a chain element 2, 3 by way of example.
  • a component made of type C55 or C65 steel is heated to a temperature of 910°C and austenitized.
  • the temperature of 910°C is maintained for a period t of 30 minutes.
  • the component is carbonitrided with full hardening of the component. This is easily possible with the generally small component dimensions of chain elements in the range of a few millimeters with regard to a diameter.
  • the component is exposed to a gas atmosphere that has an ammonia content of 5% by volume. Furthermore, a carbon-containing gas is added as a carbon donor. Starting from the surface of the component, nitrogen and carbon diffuse into the steel. With a penetration depth of 0.2 mm starting from a surface of the component or of the chain element 2, 3 formed from it, there is preferably a nitrogen content of at least 0.1% by weight. Adjacent to a surface of the component or of the chain element 2, 3 formed from it, this preferably has a carbon content in the range from 0.7 to 1.0% by weight.
  • the carbonitrided component is then quenched in a salt bath to a temperature of 320°C.
  • a salt bath containing equal parts by weight of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite is used.
  • a temperature of 320°C is maintained for a period t of 15 minutes.
  • bainite, martensite and residual austenite are now present side by side.
  • the carbonitrided, quenched component is then cooled to room temperature.
  • the component is then tempered at a temperature in the range of 320°C for a period of 60 minutes in order to reduce the residual austenite content in the structure of the component.
  • the chain element 2, 3 has a hardness in the range from 500 to 650 HV.
  • a plurality of chain elements 2, 3 are now connected to form a chain 1 (cf. FIG. 1) and the chain 1 is stretched.
  • the chain 1 exhibits significantly reduced fatigue and chain elongation in service.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément de chaîne (2, 3), comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à : fournir un composant en acier et ayant une teneur en carbone dans la plage de 0,3 à 0,7 % en poids ; austénitiser le composant dans une plage de température de 880 à 940 °C et effectuer une carbonitruration du composant tout en durcissant le composant, tremper le composant carbonitruré dans un bain de sel à une température dans la plage de 310 à 330 °C tout en formant de la bainite, de la martensite et de l'austénite résiduelle dans une microstructure du composant ; refroidir le composant à température ambiante ; tremper le composant à une température dans la plage de 310 à 330 °C ; et refroidir le composant trempé à température ambiante tout en formant l'élément de chaîne (2, 3). L'invention concerne également un élément de chaîne (2, 3) et une chaîne (1) fabriqués avec celui-ci.
PCT/DE2021/100698 2020-09-09 2021-08-17 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de chaîne ainsi qu'élément de chaîne et chaîne WO2022053103A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020123471.6A DE102020123471A1 (de) 2020-09-09 2020-09-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kettenelements sowie Kettenelement und Kette
DE102020123471.6 2020-09-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022053103A1 true WO2022053103A1 (fr) 2022-03-17

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PCT/DE2021/100698 WO2022053103A1 (fr) 2020-09-09 2021-08-17 Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de chaîne ainsi qu'élément de chaîne et chaîne

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Country Link
DE (1) DE102020123471A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022053103A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114657334A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 兼具组织控制和硬度控制的矿用圆环链钢23MnNiMoCr54的退火工艺

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050109428A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-05-26 Renold Plc Transmission chain
US20110308227A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-12-22 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a control chain
EP2660340A1 (fr) 2012-05-04 2013-11-06 Cicsa S.r.l. Procédé pour traiter thermiquement un pièce en acier
DE102013224851A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Kettenelement
WO2017196552A1 (fr) 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Borgwarner Inc. Acier au carbone faiblement allié au niobium et au chrome pour maillons de chaîne automobile résistant à l'usure
CN108148976A (zh) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 青岛小米星电子科技有限公司 一种弹链热处理工艺

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050109428A1 (en) * 2003-10-07 2005-05-26 Renold Plc Transmission chain
US20110308227A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2011-12-22 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a control chain
EP2660340A1 (fr) 2012-05-04 2013-11-06 Cicsa S.r.l. Procédé pour traiter thermiquement un pièce en acier
DE102013224851A1 (de) 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Kettenelement
US20160245367A1 (en) * 2013-12-04 2016-08-25 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Chain element
WO2017196552A1 (fr) 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Borgwarner Inc. Acier au carbone faiblement allié au niobium et au chrome pour maillons de chaîne automobile résistant à l'usure
CN108148976A (zh) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 青岛小米星电子科技有限公司 一种弹链热处理工艺

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114657334A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 兼具组织控制和硬度控制的矿用圆环链钢23MnNiMoCr54的退火工艺
CN114657334B (zh) * 2022-03-25 2023-11-17 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 兼具组织控制和硬度控制的矿用圆环链钢23MnNiMoCr54的退火工艺

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