WO2022052423A1 - 微生物检测前处理系统及方法 - Google Patents

微生物检测前处理系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022052423A1
WO2022052423A1 PCT/CN2021/077403 CN2021077403W WO2022052423A1 WO 2022052423 A1 WO2022052423 A1 WO 2022052423A1 CN 2021077403 W CN2021077403 W CN 2021077403W WO 2022052423 A1 WO2022052423 A1 WO 2022052423A1
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sample
unit
module
bag
petri dish
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PCT/CN2021/077403
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张胜兰
吴晨龙
刘家朋
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倍仪昇智能科技(苏州)有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/10—Petri dish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/14—Bags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/40—Manifolds; Distribution pieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/02—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by impregnation, e.g. using swabs or loops
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/03—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by control of the humidity or content of liquids; Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/24—Methods of sampling, or inoculating or spreading a sample; Methods of physically isolating an intact microorganisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of laboratory-related equipment, and in particular, to a pre-processing system and method for microbial detection.
  • Food microbiological inspection is one of the important indicators to measure the hygienic quality of food, and it is also one of the scientific basis for judging whether the inspected food is edible. Through the food microbiological inspection, the food processing environment and food hygiene can be judged, the degree of bacterial contamination of the food can be correctly evaluated, and the scientific basis for various hygiene management work can be provided.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, provide a system and method for the pretreatment of microorganism detection, provide an automated solution for the pretreatment of microorganism detection, improve the processing efficiency, and provide more accurate preliminary preparation for the microorganism detection experiment.
  • a pre-processing system for microorganism detection is characterized in that it includes a sample homogenization unit, a gradient dilution unit, a petri dish input unit, a processing transfer unit and a petri dish output unit, and the sample homogenization unit quantitatively dilutes the sample in the sample container
  • the sample solution in the sample container is transferred to the gradient dilution unit through the liquid transfer device for gradient dilution
  • the petri dish input unit inputs the petri dish to the processing transfer unit
  • the gradient diluted sample solution is passed through the liquid transfer device. Inject into petri dishes for pre-processing and transfer to petri dish output unit.
  • the sample homogenization unit includes a sample input module, a bag opening module, a dilution module, and a homogenization module
  • the sample input module includes a sample rack and a sample bag and a bag clamping mechanism arranged therein.
  • the bag opening module It includes a suction cup mechanism
  • the dilution module includes a liquid injection mechanism
  • the homogenization module includes a slapper
  • the bag clamping mechanism clamps the sample bag from the sample rack and sends it to the suction cup mechanism for bag opening
  • the liquid injection mechanism is directed to the suction cup mechanism.
  • the suction cup mechanism closes the sample bag, and the suction cup mechanism is further provided with a sealer, which seals the sample bag.
  • the gradient dilution unit includes a test tube rack and a dilution head
  • the liquid transfer device transfers the solution in the sample container to the test tube on the test tube rack
  • the dilution head performs gradient dilution on the solution in the test tube.
  • the petri dish input unit includes a petri dish array and a dish discharge module, and the dish discharge module pushes out the petri dishes in the array to the processing transfer unit.
  • processing and transferring unit mixes the sample and the culture medium, and transfers the petri dish to the petri dish output unit.
  • the culture dish output unit includes a dish entry module, and the dish entry module stacks the processed culture dishes into a culture dish array and outputs them.
  • processing and transferring unit includes a culture medium filling module and a shaking module.
  • the processing and transfer unit includes a coating module, the culture dish is preloaded with a culture medium, and the coating module uniformly coats the injected sample solution on the surface of the culture medium through a coating head.
  • a marking unit is also provided on one side of the processing transfer unit, and the marking unit labels the petri dish.
  • a pre-treatment method for detection of microorganisms comprising the steps of:
  • the bag clamping mechanism clamps the sample bag and sends it to the bag opening module, and the bag opening module opens the sample bag;
  • the liquid injection mechanism injects quantitative diluent into the sample bag, and slaps and mixes through the homogenization module;
  • the gradient dilution unit dilutes the quantitative solution into several gradients through the test tube rack and the dilution head;
  • the petri dish input unit inputs the petri dish to the processing transfer unit, and sends the diluted sample solution to the petri dish through the liquid transfer device;
  • the petri dish output unit outputs the petri dishes after stacking them into a petri dish array.
  • processing and transfer unit in the step (7) is filled with culture medium through the culture medium filling module, and shaken when filling the sample solution through the shaking module.
  • the culture dish input unit is preloaded with culture medium, and the processing transfer unit uniformly coats the injected sample solution on the surface of the culture medium through the coating head of the coating module.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the positional structure of the culture dish input unit and the culture dish output unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the marking unit.
  • Processing transfer unit 10. Petri dish output unit;
  • Test tube rack 16. Dilution head;
  • Coating module 20. Coating head;
  • the pre-treatment system for microorganism detection is packaged in a housing 1, and components such as an operation door 2, a window 3 and the like are arranged on the housing 1 to facilitate operation and observation.
  • the housing 1 is relatively sealed, and the top of the housing 1 is provided with
  • the wind mechanism 4 reduces the harmful gas in the casing 1 from polluting the working environment.
  • the exhaust mechanism 4 controls the air volume, so that the working space inside the housing 1 can form a negative pressure chamber, thereby reducing indoor pollution.
  • an ultraviolet sterilization device can also be arranged in the housing 1 to reduce the bacteria in the system.
  • the electric control box 5 is arranged on one side of the housing 1, and the rear side opens the door, which is convenient for the installation, debugging and maintenance of the electric control equipment.
  • the electric control box 5 is connected to the workbench, and the human-computer interaction operation is performed through the computer equipment.
  • the pre-treatment system for microorganism detection includes a sample homogenization unit 6, a gradient dilution unit 7, a petri dish input unit 8, a processing transfer unit 9 and a petri dish output unit 10, and each unit is arranged in the system according to the workflow,
  • the sample homogenization unit 6 is arranged on the front side of the housing 1, the gradient dilution unit 7 is located behind the sample homogenization unit 6, and the petri dish input unit 8, the processing transfer unit 9 and the petri dish output unit 10 are located on the rearmost side.
  • the process takes up a lot of space, and there is a larger place on the rear side for layout.
  • the size of the rear side of the housing 1 is larger than that of the front side, and the front side leaves more space for the operator to work.
  • the petri dish input unit 8 and the output unit 10 are used for inputting and outputting the petri dish 100.
  • double doors are provided for easy access to the petri dish turret, one or both sides of the sample homogenizing unit 6
  • An operation window is provided for placing the sample bag 13 or taking out the sample bag 13, as well as observing the running state of the internal equipment.
  • a robotic arm frame 11 is set above the system, and the robotic arm drives the operating components to operate, such as liquid handling, handling equipment, etc., and the functions of each unit module are realized through the operation of the electric control box 5 .
  • the sample homogenization unit 6 includes a sample input module, a bag opening module, a dilution module and a homogenization module, and the sample input module includes a sample rack 12 and its arranged sample bag 13 and a bag clamping mechanism 14.
  • the sample rack 12 uses The sample bag 13 is pre-arranged, and a positioning member is arranged below the sample holder 12 to fix the sample holder 12 , so that the bag clamping mechanism 14 can easily clamp and transport the sample bag 13 on the sample holder 12 .
  • the bag opening module includes a suction cup mechanism
  • the dilution module includes a liquid injection mechanism
  • the homogenization module includes a slapper
  • the bag clamping mechanism 14 clamps the sample bag 13 from the sample rack 12 and sends it to the suction cup mechanism for bag opening
  • the liquid injection mechanism injects the sample bag.
  • the suction cup mechanism is also provided with a sealer. After the liquid transfer device extracts the solution from the sample bag 13 , the suction cup mechanism closes the sample bag 13 , and the sealer seals the sample bag 13 .
  • the gradient dilution unit 7 includes a test tube rack 15 and a dilution head 16, the liquid transfer device transfers the solution in the sample container to the test tube on the test tube rack 15, and the dilution head 16 performs gradient dilution on the solution in the test tube.
  • the gradient dilution process according to the operating procedures, when taking liquids in different gradients, replace the pipette head, and set a pipette head discarding part on one side of the test tube rack 15 .
  • the petri dish input unit 8 includes a petri dish array and a dish-out module, and the dish-out module pushes out the petri dishes 100 in the array to the processing transfer unit 9 .
  • the petri dish output unit 10 includes a dish entry module, and the dish entry module stacks the processed petri dishes 100 into a petri dish array and outputs them.
  • different culture dish input units 8 and culture dish output units 10 are provided. The figure shows three side-by-side array input and output structures, which are used for small-sized culture dishes 100, and three A turret array input and output structure for larger size petri dishes 100 .
  • the petri dish input unit 8 and the petri dish output unit 10 realize the arrangement of the petri dish array by lifting and stacking, and the petri dish 100 is taken out from the bottom of the petri dish input unit 8. The bottom is jacked up to form an output array.
  • the processing transfer unit 9 mixes the sample and the culture medium, and transfers the petri dish 100 to the petri dish output unit 10 .
  • the processing transfer unit 9 includes various processing methods for the purpose of cooperating the sample solution with the culture medium in order to cultivate the colonies.
  • one processing method is a mixing method, that is, the culture medium is mixed with the sample solution and then cultured, the culture dish input unit 8 inputs an empty culture dish 100 , and a culture medium filling module 17 is arranged on the transmission path of the culture dish 100 .
  • the oscillation module 18 constitutes the processing transfer unit 9 .
  • the medium filling module 17 respectively fills the three petri dishes 100 on the turntable through the filling head. After filling, the oscillation module 18 shakes to prevent the medium from solidifying too quickly.
  • the temperature of the sample solution can be controlled by the heating module set in the middle to control the coagulation speed of the medium, so that the solution and the medium can be fully mixed.
  • the petri dish 100 is conveyed toward the petri dish output unit 10 by the moving part.
  • the processing transfer unit 9 includes a coating module 19, and the culture dish input unit 8 inputs a culture dish 100 pre-filled with a solidification medium. After adding the sample solution to the culture dish 100, The coating module 19 uniformly coats the injected sample solution on the surface of the culture medium through the coating head 20 . Different petri dishes 100 use different coating rods, and a coating rod stock tray 21 is provided on one side of the coating module 19, and the coating rods are arranged for replacement. The coating operation can be accomplished by a combination of rotational and translational motions. After the coating operation is completed, the petri dish 100 is conveyed toward the petri dish output unit 10 by the moving part.
  • a marking unit 22 is also provided on one side of the processing transfer unit 9, and the marking unit is used for labeling on the culture dish 100, and the printed label 23 is pasted on the corresponding culture dish 100 through the suction cup.
  • the label 23 corresponds to a record in the background database, which facilitates the maintenance of the petri dish 100 .
  • the sample homogenization unit 6 quantitatively dilutes the sample in the sample container and then homogenizes it, transfers the sample solution in the sample container to the gradient dilution unit 7 through the liquid transfer device for gradient dilution, and the petri dish input unit 8 inputs the petri dish 100 to the processing unit.
  • the transfer unit 9 injects the sample solution after gradient dilution into the petri dish 100 through the liquid transfer device for pretreatment, and then transfers it to the petri dish output unit 10 .
  • the bag clamping mechanism 14 clamps the sample bag 13 and sends it to the bag opening module, and the bag opening module opens the sample bag 13;
  • the gradient dilution unit 7 dilutes the quantitative solution into several gradients through the test tube rack 15 and the dilution head 16;
  • the petri dish input unit 8 inputs the petri dish 100 to the processing transfer unit 9, and sends the diluted sample solution to the petri dish 100 through the liquid transfer device;
  • the processing transfer unit 9 pre-processes the diluent and sends it to the culture dish output unit 10;
  • the pretreatment process is divided into a mixed mode and a coating mode.
  • the mixed mode the medium is added through the medium filling module 17 , and the shaking module 18 is used to oscillate when adding the sample solution.
  • the coating mode is to preload the culture medium through the petri dish input unit 8, and the processing transfer unit 9 uniformly coats the injected sample solution on the surface of the culture medium through the coating head 20 of the coating module 19;
  • the petri dish output unit 10 stacks the petri dishes 100 into a petri dish array and then outputs them.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种微生物检测前处理系统，其包括样品均质单元、梯度稀释单元、培养皿输入单元、处理转移单元和培养皿输出单元，该样品均质单元将样品容器中的样品定量稀释后均质，通过液体转移装置将样品容器中的样品溶液转移至该梯度稀释单元进行梯度稀释，该培养皿输入单元将培养皿输入至该处理转移单元，通过液体转移装置将梯度稀释后的样品溶液注入培养皿进行前处理，并转移至培养皿输出单元。本申请还提供一种微生物检测前处理方法。本申请为微生物检测的前处理提供自动化解决方案，提高处理效率，为微生物检测实验提供更精准的前期准备。

Description

微生物检测前处理系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及实验室相关设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种微生物检测前处理系统及方法。
背景技术
食品微生物检验是衡量食品卫生质量的重要指标之一，也是判定被检食品是否食用的科学依据之一。通过食品微生物检验，可以判断食品加工环境及食品卫生情况，能够对食品被细菌污染的程度作出正确的评价，为各项卫生管理工作提供科学依据。
对于食品检验实验室，每天会有大量的样品，食品微生物检测项目较多，流程重复度比较多，大量机械、重复性操作，工作枯燥乏味，不能让人最大创造性工作，微生物自动化解决方案可以替代实验过程中大量的重复性的工作，减少实验室人工支出，保证实验结果的稳定性。
微生物检测试验人工操作环境，一个流程需要4到5人配合完成，不仅工作量大，而且对工作人员的安全存在较大的隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述问题，提供一种微生物检测前处理系统及方法，为微生物检测的前处理提供自动化解决方案，提高处理效率，为微生物检测实验提供更精准的前期准备。
本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种微生物检测前处理系统，其特征是，包括样品均质单元、梯度稀释单 元、培养皿输入单元、处理转移单元和培养皿输出单元，所述样品均质单元将样品容器中的样品定量稀释后均质，通过液体转移装置将样品容器中的样品溶液转移至梯度稀释单元进行梯度稀释，所述培养皿输入单元将培养皿输入至处理转移单元，通过液体转移装置将梯度稀释后的样品溶液注入培养皿进行前处理，并转移至培养皿输出单元。
进一步，所述样品均质单元包括样品输入模块、开袋模块、稀释模块进一步，和均质模块，所述样品输入模块包括样品架及其布置的样品袋和夹袋机构，所述开袋模块包括吸盘机构，所述稀释模块包括注液机构，所述均质模块包括拍击器，所述夹袋机构从样品架上夹取样品袋送至吸盘机构进行开袋，所述注液机构向样品袋中注入定量稀释液后，均质模块进行拍击混合。
进一步，所述液体转移装置从样品袋中提取溶液后，所述吸盘机构对样品袋进行合袋，所述吸盘机构上还设置有封口器，所述封口器对样品袋进行封口。
进一步，所述梯度稀释单元包括试管架和稀释头，所述液体转移装置将样品容器中的溶液转移至试管架上的试管中，所述稀释头对试管中的溶液进行梯度稀释。
进一步，所述培养皿输入单元包括培养皿阵列和出皿模块，所述出皿模块将阵列中的培养皿推出至处理转移单元。
进一步，所述处理转移单元将样品与培养基进行混合处理，并将培养皿转移至培养皿输出单元。
进一步，所述培养皿输出单元包括入皿模块，所述入皿模块将处理完成的培养皿堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。
进一步，所述处理转移单元包括培养基加注模块和振荡模块。
进一步，所述处理转移单元包括涂布模块，所述培养皿中预装培养基，所述涂布模块通过涂布头对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面。
进一步，所述处理转移单元的一侧还设置打标单元，所述打标单元在培养皿上贴标。
一种微生物检测前处理方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：
(1)确认前处理流程，在样品架上布置待处理样品袋；
(2)夹袋机构将样品袋夹持送至开袋模块，开袋模块将样品袋打开；
(3)注液机构在样品袋中注入定量稀释液，通过均质模块进行拍击混合；
(4)通过液体转移装置将样品袋中的溶液定量转移至梯度稀释单元；
(5)所述梯度稀释单元通过试管架和稀释头将定量溶液稀释成若干梯度；
(6)培养皿输入单元输入培养皿至处理转移单元，通过液体转移装置将稀释后的样品溶液送至培养皿；
(7)处理转移单元将稀释液进行前处理后，送至培养皿输出单元；
(8)培养皿输出单元将培养皿堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。
进一步，所述步骤(7)中的处理转移单元通过培养基加注模块加注培养基，并通过振荡模块在加注样品溶液时振荡。
进一步，所述步骤(7)中，培养皿输入单元预装培养基，处理转移单元通过涂布模块的涂布头对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)从样品溶解至培养皿输出，全自动操作，高效高精度；
(2)可实现混合培养基和涂布培养两种接种方式；
(3)适合大肠菌、霉菌、沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李期特氏菌、大肠杆 菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等菌种培养的前处理工艺；
(4)减少重复劳动，提高工作人员的工作环境质量，减少安全隐患。
附图说明
附图1是本发明的外观结构示意图；
附图2是本发明的总体结构示意图；
附图3是本发明的样品均质单元的结构示意图；
附图4是本发明的梯度稀释单元的结构示意图；
附图5是本发明的培养皿输入单元和培养皿输出单元的位置结构示意图；
附图6是混合处理方式的结构示意图；
附图7是涂布处理方式的结构示意图；
附图8是打标单元的结构示意图。
附图中有标号分别为：
1.壳体；                     2.操作门；
3.窗口；                     4.排风机构；
5.电控箱；                   6.样品均质单元；
7.梯度稀释单元；             8.培养皿输入单元；
9.处理转移单元；             10.培养皿输出单元；
11.机械臂架；                12.样品架；
13.样品袋；                  14.夹袋机构；
15.试管架；                  16.稀释头；
17.培养基加注模块；          18.振荡模块；
19.涂布模块；                20.涂布头；
21.涂布棒料盘；             22.打标单元；
23.标签；                   100.培养皿。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明微生物检测前处理系统及方法的具体实施方式作详细说明.
参见附图1，微生物检测前处理系统封装在壳体1内，壳体1上设置操作门2、窗口3等部件，以方便操作和观察，壳体1内相对密封，壳体1顶部设置排风机构4，减少壳体1内有害气体污染工作环境。排风机构4控制出风量，可使壳体1内部的工作空间形成负压舱，减少对室内的污染。另外，还可以在壳体1内设置紫外线杀菌装置，以减灭系统中的杂菌。
电控箱5设置在壳体1的一侧，后侧开门，方便电控设备的安装和调试维修。电控箱5连接至工作台，通过电脑设备进行人机交互操作。
参见附图2,微生物检测前处理系统包括样品均质单元6、梯度稀释单元7、培养皿输入单元8、处理转移单元9和培养皿输出单元10，各单元在系统中按工作流程排布，样品均质单元6设置在壳体1的前侧位置，梯度稀释单元7位于样品均质单元6后方，培养皿输入单元8、处理转移单元9和培养皿输出单元10位于最后侧，由于处理转移过程占用空间大，后侧的有较大的地方用于布置。壳体1的后侧尺寸大于前侧，前侧留出更多的空间给操作人员工作。
培养皿输入单元8和输出单元10用于输入和输出培养皿100，在壳体1后侧两端，设置的双开门方便取放培养皿转塔，样品均质单元6的一侧或两侧设置操作窗，用于放置样品袋13或取出样品袋13，以及观察内部设备运行状态。
系统上方设置机械臂架11，通过机械臂带动操作部件运作，如液体操作、搬运设备等，通过电控箱5的操作实现对各单元模块的功能实现。
参见附图3,样品均质单元6包括样品输入模块、开袋模块、稀释模块和均质模块，样品输入模块包括样品架12及其布置的样品袋13和夹袋机构14，样品架12用于预先布置样品袋13，样品架12下方设置定位部件，用于固定样品架12，方便夹袋机构14对样品架12上的样品袋13进行夹持搬运操作。
开袋模块包括吸盘机构，稀释模块包括注液机构，均质模块包括拍击器，夹袋机构14从样品架12上夹取样品袋13送至吸盘机构进行开袋，注液机构向样品袋13中注入定量稀释液后，均质模块进行拍击混合。另外，在吸盘机构上还设置有封口器，当液体转移装置从样品袋13中提取溶液后，吸盘机构对样品袋13进行合袋，封口器对样品袋13进行封口。
参见附图4,梯度稀释单元7包括试管架15和稀释头16，液体转移装置将样品容器中的溶液转移至试管架15上的试管中，稀释头16对试管中的溶液进行梯度稀释。梯度稀释过程中，按照操作规程，在不同梯度取液时，更换移液头，在试管架15一侧设置移液头丢弃部件。
参见附图5,培养皿输入单元8包括培养皿阵列和出皿模块，出皿模块将阵列中的培养皿100推出至处理转移单元9。培养皿输出单元10包括入皿模块，入皿模块将处理完成的培养皿100堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。针对不同前处理方式，配备不同的培养皿输入单元8和培养皿输出单元10，图中给出了三个并排阵列式输入输出结构，用于较小尺寸的培养皿100，还给出了三个转塔式阵列输入输出结构，用于较大尺寸的培养皿100。
培养皿输入单元8和培养皿输出单元10通过顶升堆叠方式实现培养皿阵 列的布置，从培养皿输入单元8的最下方取出培养皿100，经前处理操作后，从培养皿输出单元10的最下方向上顶升形成输出阵列。
处理转移单元9将样品与培养基进行混合处理，并将培养皿100转移至培养皿输出单元10。处理转移单元9包括多种处理方式，目的是将样品溶液与培养基配合，以便培养菌落。
参见附图6，一种处理方式是混合方式，即将培养基与样品溶液混合后进行培养，培养皿输入单元8输入空的培养皿100，在培养皿100传送路径上设置培养基加注模块17和振荡模块18，组成处理转移单元9。培养基加注模块17通过加注头分别对转盘上的三个培养皿100进行加注，加注后振荡模块18进行振荡，以防止培养基过快凝固，同时通过加液头，注入稀释后的样品溶液，中间还可通过设置的加热模块进行温度控制，控制培养基的凝固速度，使溶液与培养基充分混合。完成混合操作后，通过移动部件将培养皿100向培养皿输出单元10方向输送。
参见附图7,另一种方式是涂布方式，处理转移单元9包括涂布模块19，培养皿输入单元8输入预装凝固培养基的培养皿100，在培养皿100中加入样品溶液后，涂布模块19通过涂布头20对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面。不同的培养皿100使用不同的涂布棒，在涂布模块19一侧设置涂布棒料盘21，布置涂布棒用于更换。涂布操作可以是旋转和平移两种运动的结合实现。完成涂布操作后，通过移动部件将培养皿100向培养皿输出单元10方向输送。
参见附图8,在处理转移单元9一侧还设置打标单元22，标单元用于在培养皿100上贴标，通过吸盘将打印完成的标签23粘贴至相应的培养皿100上， 每个标签23对应于后台数据库的一条记录，便于培养皿100的维护。
样品均质单元6将样品容器中的样品定量稀释后均质，通过液体转移装置将样品容器中的样品溶液转移至梯度稀释单元7进行梯度稀释，培养皿输入单元8将培养皿100输入至处理转移单元9，通过液体转移装置将梯度稀释后的样品溶液注入培养皿100进行前处理，并转移至培养皿输出单元10。
具体步骤如下：
(1)确认前处理流程，在样品架12上布置待处理样品袋13；
(2)夹袋机构14将样品袋13夹持送至开袋模块，开袋模块将样品袋13打开；
(3)注液机构在样品袋13中注入定量稀释液，通过均质模块进行拍击混合；
(4)通过液体转移装置将样品袋13中的溶液定量转移至梯度稀释单元7；
(5)梯度稀释单元7通过试管架15和稀释头16将定量溶液稀释成若干梯度；
(6)培养皿输入单元8输入培养皿100至处理转移单元9，通过液体转移装置将稀释后的样品溶液送至培养皿100；
(7)处理转移单元9将稀释液进行前处理后，送至培养皿输出单元10；
前处理过程分为混合模式和涂布模式，混合模式是通过培养基加注模块17加注培养基，并通过振荡模块18在加注样品溶液时振荡。涂布模式是通过培养皿输入单元8预装培养基，处理转移单元9通过涂布模块19的涂布头20对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面；
(8)培养皿输出单元10将培养皿100堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：包括样品均质单元、梯度稀释单元、培养皿输入单元、处理转移单元和培养皿输出单元，所述样品均质单元将样品容器中的样品定量稀释后均质，通过液体转移装置将样品容器中的样品溶液转移至梯度稀释单元进行梯度稀释，所述培养皿输入单元将培养皿输入至处理转移单元，通过液体转移装置将梯度稀释后的样品溶液注入培养皿进行前处理，并转移至培养皿输出单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述样品均质单元包括样品输入模块、开袋模块、稀释模块和均质模块，所述样品输入模块包括样品架及其布置的样品袋和夹袋机构，所述开袋模块包括吸盘机构，所述稀释模块包括注液机构，所述均质模块包括拍击器，所述夹袋机构从样品架上夹取样品袋送至吸盘机构进行开袋，所述注液机构向样品袋中注入定量稀释液后，均质模块进行拍击混合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述液体转移装置从样品袋中提取溶液后，所述吸盘机构对样品袋进行合袋，所述吸盘机构上还设置有封口器，所述封口器对样品袋进行封口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述梯度稀释单元包括试管架和稀释头，所述液体转移装置将样品容器中的溶液转移至试管架上的试管中，所述稀释头对试管中的溶液进行梯度稀释。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述培养皿输入单元包括培养皿阵列和出皿模块，所述出皿模块将阵列中的培养皿推出至处理转移单元。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述处理 转移单元将样品与培养基进行混合处理，并将培养皿转移至培养皿输出单元。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述培养皿输出单元包括入皿模块，所述入皿模块将处理完成的培养皿堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述处理转移单元包括培养基加注模块和振荡模块。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述处理转移单元包括涂布模块，所述培养皿中预装培养基，所述涂布模块通过涂布头对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面。
  10. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：所述处理转移单元的一侧还设置打标单元，所述打标单元在培养皿上贴标。
  11. 一种微生物检测前处理方法，应用如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的微生物检测前处理系统，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    (1)确认前处理流程，在样品架上布置待处理样品袋；
    (2)夹袋机构将样品袋夹持送至开袋模块，开袋模块将样品袋打开；
    (3)注液机构在样品袋中注入定量稀释液，通过均质模块进行拍击混合；
    (4)通过液体转移装置将样品袋中的溶液定量转移至梯度稀释单元；
    (5)所述梯度稀释单元通过试管架和稀释头将定量溶液稀释成若干梯度；
    (6)培养皿输入单元输入培养皿至处理转移单元，通过液体转移装置将稀释后的样品溶液送至培养皿；
    (7)处理转移单元将稀释液进行前处理后，送至培养皿输出单元；
    (8)培养皿输出单元将培养皿堆叠成培养皿阵列后输出。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的微生物检测前处理方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(7)中的处理转移单元通过培养基加注模块加注培养基，并通过振荡模块在加注样品溶液时振荡。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的微生物检测前处理方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(7)中，培养皿输入单元预装培养基，处理转移单元通过涂布模块的涂布头对注入的样品溶液均匀涂布在培养基表面。
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