WO2022048343A1 - 车钩钩体铸造工艺 - Google Patents

车钩钩体铸造工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048343A1
WO2022048343A1 PCT/CN2021/108309 CN2021108309W WO2022048343A1 WO 2022048343 A1 WO2022048343 A1 WO 2022048343A1 CN 2021108309 W CN2021108309 W CN 2021108309W WO 2022048343 A1 WO2022048343 A1 WO 2022048343A1
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Prior art keywords
sand
mold
sand core
hook body
tail
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PCT/CN2021/108309
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张文磊
耿海路
张晶
张燕山
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中车大同电力机车有限公司
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Publication of WO2022048343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048343A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/06—Core boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B22C9/103—Multipart cores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a casting process for a coupler body.
  • Coupler is an important part of railway locomotive and vehicle connection and buffer function. With the continuous increase of the total load of a single train, the rigidity, strength, quality, capacity and wear resistance of coupler and buffer are more and more required. high.
  • the existing 102-type coupler can meet a variety of locomotive models and has a wide range of applications.
  • the 102-type coupler body is the key component of the coupler, which bears a large load and high frequency shock and vibration load during the running process of the locomotive. Therefore, The quality of the coupler body castings must be strictly guaranteed. Due to the complex structure of the head of the 102-type coupler body and the large variation of the wall thickness of the tail, shrinkage holes and shrinkage porosity defects are prone to occur during the casting production process, which causes many difficulties in the design of the casting process.
  • the inner cooling iron is mostly arranged at the position where the hook body is prone to shrinkage, loosening and shrinkage.
  • the inner cooling iron cannot be well organically combined with the metal of the hook body during pouring, cracks are prone to occur in the cooling iron part, which is safe. hidden danger.
  • the present disclosure provides a coupler coupler body casting process to obtain a coupler coupler body with higher quality.
  • the present disclosure provides a casting process for a coupler body, including:
  • the metal molds include an upper mold and a lower mold.
  • the metal mold is provided with a first positioning block, and the first positioning block is close to the metal mold.
  • the lower impact socket of the coupler hook body is provided with a second positioning block on the integral sand core box of the hook body cavity, and the second positioning block is arranged adjacent to the lower traction platform of the integral sand core box of the hook body cavity;
  • the inner retaining sand core box of the hook body tail and the integral sand core box of the hook body cavity are respectively used to manufacture the inner retaining sand core of the hook body tail and the integral sand core of the hook body cavity.
  • a heat preservation riser is arranged on the second positioning block;
  • a third positioning block is provided at the tail of the coupler of the metal mold, and the upper mold is used to manufacture the upper sand mold, including:
  • a first riser is arranged at the highest part of the head of the hook body, and a second riser is arranged on the third positioning block;
  • the upper mold, the first riser and the second riser are covered and fixed with modified sodium silicate sand, a sand box is placed and the modified water glass sand is filled in the sand box and then shaken and hardened.
  • using a lower mold to manufacture a lower sand mold includes:
  • a heat preservation side riser is arranged on the first positioning block
  • the lower mold, the heat preservation side riser and the first chilling material are covered and fixed with modified water glass sand, and the sand box is placed and filled with modified water glass sand, and then it is shaken and hardened.
  • a feeding channel is provided on the inner core box at the tail of the hook body, and the feeding channel is arranged opposite to the tail pin hole of the core box at the inner end of the hook body.
  • the sand retaining core box and the modified water glass sand are used to prepare the inner retaining sand core at the tail of the hook body with the feeding channel.
  • the diameter of the feeding channel is equal to the diameter of the tail pin hole.
  • a chilled material is placed on the lower surface of the hook body tail inner retaining sand core box, wherein the hook body is manufactured.
  • Modified sodium silicate sand is used for the sand core at the rear of the body.
  • a hook body cavity integral sand core box to manufacture a hook body cavity integral sand core, including:
  • An insulation riser is arranged on the second positioning block
  • the second chilling material is filled in the lock hole of the integral sand core box in the inner cavity of the hook body and compacted, and the horizontal parting core shooting machine starts to shoot the core to obtain the integral sand core in the inner cavity of the hook body.
  • the sand shooting pressure of the horizontal parting core shooter is 0.45MPa
  • the CO2 blowing pressure is 0.3MPa
  • the blowing hardening time is 100s
  • the core box loose block is extracted when the blowing hardening is 60s.
  • the chemical composition of the smelted metal material includes C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Al and Fe elements;
  • the C content is 0.24%-0.29%
  • the Si content is 0.22%-0.36%
  • the Mn content is 1.30%-1.50%
  • the P content is less than or equal to 0.027%
  • the S content is less than or equal to 0.027%
  • the Cr content is 0.40%-0.60 %
  • Mo content is 0.20%-0.30%
  • Ni content is 0.35%-0.55%
  • Al content is 0.02%-0.08%
  • the balance is Fe.
  • the pouring process uses a 10t bottom-casting ladle for pouring, the diameter of the ladle is 60mm, the pouring temperature is 1550°C-1580°C, and the pouring speed is 20kg/S.
  • the principle of slow, fast and slow Pouring after the sand mold is full, point pouring 2 to 3 times, after the pouring is completed and the heat preservation is 8h, the sand is dropped to obtain the blank casting, and the blank casting is cleaned after preheating to obtain the coupler body.
  • the coupler hook body casting process of the present disclosure manufactures a metal mold, an inner core box at the tail of the hook body, and an integral core box in the inner cavity of the hook body, and uses the metal mold, the inner core box at the tail of the hook body, and the inner core box in the hook body.
  • the cavity integral sand core box is manufactured to obtain the sand mold, the inner retaining sand core at the tail of the hook body and the overall sand core of the hook body cavity.
  • the existence of the thermal insulation side riser can effectively feed the hot joint inside the impact pocket, eliminating the shrinkage porosity tendency in the impact pocket, and the thermal insulation riser feeds the thermal joint under the lower traction table, which greatly weakens The tendency of shrinkage and porosity defects under the traction table is avoided, so that the coupler body with higher quality can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a process flow diagram of a coupler body casting process according to an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a first perspective of a coupler casting process according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a second view of a coupler casting process according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a third angle of view of a coupler casting process according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth angle of view of a coupler casting process according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Thermal insulation side riser 2. Thermal insulation riser; 3. First chill material; 4. Feeding channel; 5. First riser; 6. Second riser; 7. Second chill material.
  • the coupler coupler body casting process includes:
  • the metal mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold.
  • the metal mold is provided with a first positioning block, and the first positioning block is close to A second positioning block is arranged on the lower impact socket of the coupler and hook body of the metal mold;
  • the coupler body is obtained by falling sand.
  • the coupler body casting process of one embodiment of the present disclosure manufactures a metal mold, a sand core box at the tail of the hook body, and an integral sand core box in the inner cavity of the hook body, and uses the metal mold, the inner sand core box at the tail of the hook body And the hook body cavity integral sand core box is manufactured to obtain the sand mold, the hook body tail internal retaining sand core and the hook body cavity integral sand core.
  • the hot joint inside the impact pocket can be effectively fed, eliminating the shrinkage porosity tendency in the impact pocket, and the heat preservation riser 2 can feed and shrink the hot joint under the lower traction table.
  • the tendency of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage defect under the traction table is greatly reduced, so as to obtain a coupler body with higher quality.
  • a first positioning block is set near the impact socket under the coupler body when manufacturing the metal mold, so that the heat preservation side riser 1 is set on the first positioning block when manufacturing the lower sand mold.
  • a second positioning is set beside the lower traction table when manufacturing the integral sand core box of the hook body cavity, so that the heat preservation riser 2 is set on the second positioning block when manufacturing the integral sand core of the hook body cavity.
  • the specific installation positions of the thermal insulation side riser 1 and the thermal insulation riser 2 can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 .
  • the thermal insulation side riser 1 can use various side risers that play a role in feeding, for example, the thermal insulation side riser 1 can be a common thermal insulation riser or a heat-generating thermal insulation riser.
  • the thermal insulation riser 2 may be a common thermal insulation riser or a heat-generating thermal insulation riser.
  • a third positioning block is provided at the tail of the coupler of the metal mold, and the upper mold is used to manufacture the upper sand mold, including: coating the surface of the upper mold with a release agent; setting the first riser 5 at the highest part of the head of the hook body , a second riser 6 is arranged on the third positioning block; the upper mold, the first riser 5 and the second riser 6 are covered and fixed with modified water glass sand, and the sand box is placed and filled with modified water glass sand. The water glass sand is shaken and hardened.
  • water glass sand is used for modeling, and for the installation position of the second riser 6, please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 .
  • the first riser 5 may be a heat-insulating dark riser, an open riser, a heat-heating and heat-insulating dark riser, or the like.
  • the second riser 6 may be a heat-insulating dark riser, an open riser, a heat-heating and heat-insulating dark riser, or the like.
  • using the lower mold to manufacture the lower sand mold includes: coating the surface of the lower mold with a release agent; setting the heat preservation side riser 1 on the first positioning block; 1. Chilling material 3; cover and fix the lower mold, the heat preservation side riser 1 and the first chilling material 3 with modified water glass sand, place a sand box and fill the sand box with modified water glass sand and then shake and harden .
  • the heat preservation side riser 1 can effectively shrink the thermal joint inside the impact pocket, and eliminate the shrinkage cavity shrinkage tendency in the impact pocket, and the first chill material 3 can achieve the effect of rapid heat absorption and cooling.
  • the first chilling material 3 may be chromite sand, pearl sand or chilled iron. See FIG. 3 for the installation position of the first chill material 3 .
  • the upper sand mold and the lower sand mold such as cold iron, font size core, cast pipe brick, etc. can also be placed in specified positions, which are not limited here, and can be selected according to specific process requirements.
  • a feeding channel 4 is provided on the inner sand core box at the tail of the hook body, and the feeding channel 4 is arranged opposite to the end pin hole of the sand core box at the inner end of the hook body.
  • Sand core box and modified water glass sand are used to prepare the inner retaining sand core of hook body tail with feeding channel.
  • the diameter of the feeding channel 4 is equal to the diameter of the tail pin hole.
  • a feeding channel 4 with the same diameter as the tail pin hole is arranged on the inner sand core box at the tail of the hook body.
  • the feeding channel with the same diameter can play a good feeding effect on the lower tail, and can be used in the subsequent heat treatment process.
  • As a rib it is convenient for the processing of tail pin holes in subsequent processing, reducing the phenomenon of tail shaking during processing, and can omit the processing of the inner gear, which greatly reduces the processing cost.
  • the diameter of the feeding channel 4 may be larger than the diameter of the tail pin hole.
  • the diameter of the feeding channel 4 may be larger than the diameter of the tail pin hole.
  • a chilled material is placed on the lower surface of the hook body tail inner retaining sand core box, wherein the inner hook body tail is manufactured.
  • Modified water glass sand is used when retaining the sand core.
  • the feeding channel 4 may not be designed, that is, the feeding channel 4 may be replaced by a chilled material.
  • the chilling material can be chromite sand, pearl sand or chilled iron.
  • using the hook body cavity integral sand core box to manufacture the hook body cavity integral sand core includes: disposing a heat preservation riser 2 on the second positioning block; locking holes in the hook body cavity integral sand core box The second chilled material 7 is filled and compacted, and the horizontal parting core shooting machine starts to shoot cores to obtain the integral sand core of the hook body cavity.
  • a heat-insulating riser 2 is set on the second positioning block, and the second chilling material 7 is filled in the lock hole and compacted manually, wherein the second chilling material 7
  • the thermal joints under the traction table can be effectively reduced, and the thermal insulation riser 2 feeds and shrinks the thermal joints under the lower traction table.
  • the combined effect of the two greatly reduces the tendency of shrinkage holes and shrinkage defects under the traction table.
  • the second chilling material 7 may be chromite sand, pearl sand or chilled iron, etc., and the setting position of the second chilling material 7 can be seen in FIG. 3 .
  • the thermal insulation riser 2 may be a thermal insulation dark riser.
  • the small sand core and the core bone can be placed in the specified position after the installation process needs to start shooting.
  • the sand shooting pressure of the horizontal parting core shooter is 0.45MPa
  • the CO2 blowing pressure is 0.3MPa
  • the blowing hardening time is 100s
  • the core box loose block is extracted when the blowing hardening is 60s.
  • the horizontal parting core shooting machine adopts modified sodium silicate sand, and the horizontal parting core shooting machine forms the whole sand core of the hook body at one time with high speed and high quality, which can effectively ensure the dimensional accuracy of the sand core, and the modified sodium silicate sand is used to make the core. , which improves the collapsibility of the sand core, greatly shortens the subsequent shakeout time, and improves production efficiency.
  • the chemical composition of the smelted metal material includes C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Al and Fe elements; wherein the C content is 0.24%-0.29%, and the Si content is 0.22% -0.36%, Mn content is 1.30%-1.50%, P content is less than or equal to 0.027%, S content is less than or equal to 0.027%, Cr content is 0.40%-0.60%, Mo content is 0.20%-0.30%, Ni content is 0.35% -0.55%, Al content is 0.02%-0.08%, and the balance is Fe.
  • the above percentages are the percentages of specific elements in the total.
  • the smelting process uses scrap steel as the main raw material, and uses an electric arc furnace to smelt molten metal.
  • ferroalloy materials are added to adjust the chemical composition of the molten metal.
  • the chemical composition of the molten metal in the furnace is qualified and the temperature rises.
  • the steel is tapped at 1630°C, and the molten steel is sedated in the ladle for 5min-20min before pouring.
  • the pouring process uses a 10t bottom-casting ladle for pouring, the diameter of the ladle is 60mm, the pouring temperature is 1550°C-1580°C, the pouring speed is 20kg/S, and the pouring is performed according to the principle of slow, fast and slow, After the sand mold is full, pour it 2 to 3 times. After the pouring is completed and the heat preservation is completed for 8 hours, the sand is dropped to obtain the rough casting. The rough casting is cleaned after preheating to obtain the coupler body. The falling sand is implemented after the casting is kept for 8 hours after pouring, which reduces the tendency of the casting to deform after the falling sand is unpacked.
  • the coupler body may be a 102 type coupler body casting
  • the first chill material 3 may be chromite sand
  • the second chill material 7 can be chromite sand
  • the first riser 5 can be a thermal insulation dark riser
  • the second riser 6 can be a thermal insulation dark riser
  • the thermal insulation riser 2 can be a 6/9 thermal insulation riser
  • the thermal insulation side riser 1 It can be an 8/11 heat preservation side riser
  • a feeding channel 4 is provided on the inner sand core box at the tail of the hook body.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种车钩钩体铸造工艺，包括：加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒；分别利用上模具和下模具制造上砂型和下砂型；分别利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯；将钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯放入上砂型和下砂型中并进行合箱；材料冶炼并浇注砂型；落砂得到车钩钩体。上模具上设置有第一定位块，第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口（1），钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒上设置有第二定位块，第二定位块上设置保温冒口（2）。铸造过程中由于保温侧冒口的存在可以有效补缩冲击窝内部热节，消除了冲击窝内的缩孔缩松倾向，而保温冒口对下牵引台下方的热节进行补缩，大大减弱了牵引台下方出现缩孔缩松缺陷的倾向，从而得到质量较高的车钩钩体。

Description

车钩钩体铸造工艺
交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年09月07日提交的申请号为202010927220.4、名称为“车钩钩体铸造工艺”的中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及铸造技术领域，尤其涉及一种车钩钩体铸造工艺。
背景技术
车钩是铁路机车车辆连接与起缓冲作用的重要零部件，随着铁路单列载重总量的不断加大，对车钩、缓冲器的刚性、强度、质量、容量和耐磨性等性能要求越来越高。
现有的102型车钩能够满足多种机车车型，应用范围较广，102型车钩钩体为车钩关键部件，在机车的行驶过程中承受较大的负载和较高频次的冲击震动载荷，因此必须严格保证车钩钩体铸件的质量。由于102型车钩钩体头部结构复杂，尾部壁厚变化较大，在铸造生产过程中容易产生缩孔、缩松缺陷，给铸造工艺设计造成很多困难。
现有技术多是在钩体易产生缩松缩孔位置设置内冷铁，但是由于内冷铁不能在浇注时与钩体本体金属很好的有机结合，导致冷铁部位容易产生裂纹，存在安全隐患。
发明内容
本公开提供一种车钩钩体铸造工艺，以获得质量较高的车钩钩体。
本公开提供了一种车钩钩体铸造工艺，包括：
加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒，金属模具包括上模具和下模具，金属模具上设置有第一定位块，第一定位块靠近金属模具的车钩钩体下冲击窝，钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒上设置有第二定位块，第二定位块与钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的下牵引台相邻设置；
分别利用上模具和下模具制造上砂型和下砂型，其中，利用下模具制造下砂型时，在第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口；
分别利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯和 钩体内腔整体砂芯，其中，利用钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体内腔整体砂芯时，在第二定位块上设置保温冒口；
将钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯放入上砂型和下砂型中并进行合箱；
材料冶炼并浇注砂型；
落砂得到车钩钩体。
在本公开的一个实施例中，金属模具的车钩尾部设置有第三定位块，利用上模具制造上砂型，包括：
在上模具表面涂刷脱模剂；
在钩体头部最高处设置第一冒口，在第三定位块上设置有第二冒口；
利用改性水玻璃砂将上模具、第一冒口以及第二冒口覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。
在本公开的一个实施例中，利用下模具制造下砂型，包括：
在下模具表面涂刷脱模剂；
在第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口；
在金属模具的尾部底面T型热节处放置第一激冷材料；
利用改性水玻璃砂将下模具、保温侧冒口以及第一激冷材料覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。
在本公开的一个实施例中，钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒上设置有补缩通道，补缩通道与钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒的尾销孔相对设置，利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和改性水玻璃砂制备具有补缩通道的钩体尾部内档砂芯。
在本公开的一个实施例中，补缩通道的直径等于尾销孔的直径。
在本公开的一个实施例中，利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯时，在钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒下表面放置激冷材料，其中，制造钩体尾部内档砂芯时采用改性水玻璃砂。
在本公开的一个实施例中，利用钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体内腔整体砂芯，包括：
在第二定位块上设置保温冒口；
在钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的落锁孔内填充第二激冷材料并紧实，水平分型射芯机开始射芯，以得到钩体内腔整体砂芯。
在本公开的一个实施例中，水平分型射芯机的射砂压力为0.45MPa，CO2吹气压力为0.3MPa，吹气硬化时间为100s，吹气硬化60s时抽取芯盒活块。
在本公开的一个实施例中，冶炼的金属材料化学成分包括C、Si、Mn、P、S、Cr、Mo、Ni、Al以及Fe元素；
其中，C含量为0.24％-0.29％，Si含量为0.22％-0.36％，Mn含量为1.30％-1.50％，P含量小于等于0.027％，S含量小于等于0.027％，Cr含量为0.40％-0.60％，Mo含量为0.20％-0.30％，Ni含量为0.35％-0.55％，Al含量为0.02％-0.08％，余量为Fe。
在本公开的一个实施例中，浇注过程使用10t底注式钢水包浇注，包孔直径为60mm，浇注温度为1550℃-1580℃，浇注速度为20kg/S，按照慢、快、慢的原则进行浇注，砂型浇满后，点浇2～3次，浇注完成保温8h后落砂以得到毛坯铸件，毛坯铸件经过预热处理后进行清理以得到车钩钩体。
本公开的车钩钩体铸造工艺通过加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒，并利用金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造得到砂型、钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯，合箱后用冶炼完成的材料浇注砂型，最终落砂得到车钩钩体。铸造过程中由于保温侧冒口的存在可以有效补缩冲击窝内部热节，消除了冲击窝内的缩孔缩松倾向，而保温冒口对下牵引台下方的热节进行补缩，大大减弱了牵引台下方出现缩孔缩松缺陷的倾向，从而得到质量较高的车钩钩体。
附图说明
通过结合附图考虑以下对本公开的优选实施方式的详细说明，本公开的各种目标，特征和优点将变得更加显而易见。附图仅为本公开的示范性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。在附图中，同样的附图标记始终表示相同或类似的部件。其中：
图1是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种车钩钩体铸造工艺流程示意图；
图2是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种车钩铸造工艺的第一个视角的示意图；
图3是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种车钩铸造工艺的第二个视角的示意图；
图4是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种车钩铸造工艺的第三个视角的示意图；
图5是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种车钩铸造工艺的第四个视角的示意图。
附图标记说明如下：
1、保温侧冒口；2、保温冒口；3、第一激冷材料；4、补缩通道；5、第一冒口；6、第二冒口；7、第二激冷材料。
具体实施方式
体现本公开特征与优点的典型实施例将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本公开能够在不同的实施例上具有各种的变化，其皆不脱离本公开的范围，且其中的说明及附图在本质上是作说明之用，而非用以限制本公开。
在对本公开的不同示例性实施方式的下面描述中，参照附图进行，附图形成本公开的一部分，并且其中以示例方式显示了可实现本公开的多个方面的不同示例性结构，系统和步骤。应理解的是，可以使用部件，结构，示例性装置，系统和步骤的其他特定方案，并且可在不偏离本公开范围的情况下进行结构和功能性修改。而且，虽然本说明书中可使用术语“之上”，“之间”，“之内”等来描述本公开的不同示例性特征和元件，但是这些术语用于本文中仅出于方便，例如根据附图中的示例的方向。本说明书中的任何内容都不应理解为需要结构的特定三维方向才落入本公开的范围内。
本公开的一个实施例提供了一种车钩钩体铸造工艺，请参考图1，车钩钩体铸造工艺包括：
S101，加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒，金属模具包括上模具和下模具，金属模具上设置有第一定位块，第一定位块靠近金属模具的车钩钩体下冲击窝，钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒上设置有第二定位块，第二定位块与钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的下牵引台相邻设置；
S102，分别利用上模具和下模具制造上砂型和下砂型，其中，利用下模具制造下砂型时，在第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口1；
S103，分别利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯，其中，利用钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体内腔整体砂芯时，在第二定位块上设置保温冒口2；
S104，将钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯放入上砂型和下砂型中并进行合箱；
S105，材料冶炼并浇注砂型；
S106，落砂得到车钩钩体。
本公开一个实施例的车钩钩体铸造工艺通过加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒，并利用金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造得到砂型、钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯，合箱后用冶炼完成的材料浇注砂型，最终落砂得到车钩钩体。铸造过程中由于保温侧冒口1的存在可以有效补缩冲击窝内部热节，消除了冲击窝内的缩孔缩松倾向，而保温冒口2对下牵引台下方的热节进行补缩，大大减弱了牵引台下方出现缩孔缩松缺陷的倾向，从而得到质量较高的车钩 钩体。
需要说明的是，在加工制造金属模具时即在车钩钩体下冲击窝附近设置一个第一定位块，从而在制造下砂型时，将保温侧冒口1设置在第一定位块上。相应地，在加工制造钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒时即在下牵引台旁设置一个第二定位，从而在制造钩体内腔整体砂芯时，将保温冒口2设置在第二定位块上。其中，保温侧冒口1和保温冒口2的具体安装位置可以参见图2和图4。
需要说明的是，在上砂型和下砂型中并进行合箱时，除了放入钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯，还会放入其他砂芯，此处不作限定，可以根据具体车钩钩体的结构进行确定。
在一个实施例中，保温侧冒口1可以使用各种起补缩作用的侧冒口，如保温侧冒口1可以是普通的保温冒口、也可以是发热保温冒口。
在一个实施例中，保温冒口2可以是普通的保温冒口、也可以是发热保温冒口。
在一个实施例中，金属模具的车钩尾部设置有第三定位块，利用上模具制造上砂型，包括：在上模具表面涂刷脱模剂；在钩体头部最高处设置第一冒口5，在第三定位块上设置有第二冒口6；利用改性水玻璃砂将上模具、第一冒口5以及第二冒口6覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。对于上砂型的制造利用水玻璃砂进行造型，对于第二冒口6的安装位置可以参见图2和图5。
在一个实施例中，第一冒口5可以是保温暗冒口、明冒口或者发热保温暗冒口等。
在一个实施例中，第二冒口6可以是保温暗冒口、明冒口或者发热保温暗冒口等。
在一个实施例中，利用下模具制造下砂型，包括：在下模具表面涂刷脱模剂；在第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口1；在金属模具的尾部底面T型热节处放置第一激冷材料3；利用改性水玻璃砂将下模具、保温侧冒口1以及第一激冷材料3覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。保温侧冒口1可以有效补缩冲击窝内部热节，消除了冲击窝内的缩孔缩松倾向，而第一激冷材料3可以实现快速吸热降温的效果。
在一个实施例中，第一激冷材料3可以是铬铁矿砂、宝珠砂或冷铁等。对于第一激冷材料3的安装位置可以参见图3。
需要说明的是，在制造上砂型和下砂型的过程中，也可以在规定位置放置如冷铁、字号芯、铸管砖等，此处不作限定，可以根据具体工艺需求进行选择。
在一个实施例中，钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒上设置有补缩通道4，补缩通道4与钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒的尾销孔相对设置，利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和改性水玻璃砂制备具有 补缩通道的钩体尾部内档砂芯。
在一个实施例中，补缩通道4的直径等于尾销孔的直径。在钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒上设置有一个与尾销孔等直径的补缩通道4，等直径补缩通道能够对下尾翼起到很好的补缩作用，在后续热处理过程中可以作为拉筋，并且在后续加工时方便尾销孔加工，减少加工时尾部抖动现象，而且可以省略内档加工过程，大大降低加工成本。
在一个实施例中，补缩通道4的直径可大于尾销孔的直径。对于补缩通道4的设置位置可以参见图2和图5。
在一个实施例中，利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯时，在钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒下表面放置激冷材料，其中，制造钩体尾部内档砂芯时采用改性水玻璃砂。在利用钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯时，可以不设计补缩通道4，即利用激冷材料代替补缩通道4。其中，激冷材料可以是铬铁矿砂、宝珠砂或冷铁等。
在一个实施例中，利用钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体内腔整体砂芯，包括：在第二定位块上设置保温冒口2；在钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的落锁孔内填充第二激冷材料7并紧实，水平分型射芯机开始射芯，以得到钩体内腔整体砂芯。
具体的，水平分型射芯机射芯前，在第二定位块上设置保温冒口2，在落锁孔内填充第二激冷材料7并人工紧实，其中，第二激冷材料7可以有效减小牵引台下方热节，保温冒口2对下牵引台下方的热节进行补缩，两者共同作用，大大减弱了牵引台下方出现缩孔缩松缺陷的倾向。
需要说明的是，第二激冷材料7可以是铬铁矿砂、宝珠砂或冷铁等，第二激冷材料7的设置位置可以参见图3。保温冒口2可以是保温暗冒口。
需要说明的是，在制造钩体内腔整体砂芯时，可以安装工艺需求在规定位置安放好小砂芯和芯骨后开始射。
在一个实施例中，水平分型射芯机的射砂压力为0.45MPa，CO2吹气压力为0.3MPa，吹气硬化时间为100s，吹气硬化60s时抽取芯盒活块。其中，水平分型射芯机采用改性水玻璃砂，水平分型射芯机高速高质量一次成型钩体内腔整体砂芯，有效保证砂芯的尺寸精度，并且采用改性水玻璃砂制芯，提高了砂芯的溃散性，大大缩短了后续落砂时间，提高生产效率。
在一个实施例中，冶炼的金属材料化学成分包括C、Si、Mn、P、S、Cr、Mo、Ni、Al以及Fe元素；其中，C含量为0.24％-0.29％，Si含量为0.22％-0.36％，Mn含量为1.30％-1.50％，P含量小于等于0.027％，S含量小于等于0.027％，Cr含量为0.40％-0.60％， Mo含量为0.20％-0.30％，Ni含量为0.35％-0.55％，Al含量为0.02％-0.08％，余量为Fe。上述百分比均为具体元素占总量的百分比，冶炼过程以废钢为主要原材料，使用电弧炉冶炼金属液，冶炼过程中加入铁合金材料调整金属液化学成分，炉内金属液化学成分合格且温度升至1630℃时出钢，钢水在钢包内镇静5min-20min后开始浇注。
在一个实施例中，浇注过程使用10t底注式钢水包浇注，包孔直径为60mm，浇注温度为1550℃-1580℃，浇注速度为20kg/S，按照慢、快、慢的原则进行浇注，砂型浇满后，点浇2～3次，浇注完成保温8h后落砂以得到毛坯铸件，毛坯铸件经过预热处理后进行清理以得到车钩钩体。落砂在铸件浇注完成保温8h后实施，降低了落砂开箱后铸件变形的倾向。
在一个实施例中，如图2至图5所示的车钩铸造工艺示意图，车钩钩体可以是102型车钩钩体铸件，第一激冷材料3可以是铬铁矿砂，第二激冷材料7可以是铬铁矿砂，第一冒口5可以是保温暗冒口，第二冒口6可以是保温暗冒口，保温冒口2可以是6/9保温冒口，保温侧冒口1可以是8/11保温侧冒口，钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒上设置有补缩通道4。上述各结构的设置可以克服102型车钩钩体铸造过程中产生严重缩孔缩松缺陷问题，进而有效保证了102型车钩钩体铸件质量。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的发明后，将容易想到本公开的其它实施方案。本公开旨在涵盖本发明的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和示例实施方式仅被视为示例性的，本公开的真正范围和精神由前面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本公开并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本公开的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，包括：
    加工制造金属模具、钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒以及钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒，所述金属模具包括上模具和下模具，所述金属模具上设置有第一定位块，所述第一定位块靠近所述金属模具的车钩钩体下冲击窝，所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒上设置有第二定位块，所述第二定位块与所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的下牵引台相邻设置；
    分别利用所述上模具和所述下模具制造上砂型和下砂型，其中，利用所述下模具制造所述下砂型时，在所述第一定位块上设置保温侧冒口(1)；
    分别利用所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造钩体尾部内档砂芯和钩体内腔整体砂芯，其中，利用所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造所述钩体内腔整体砂芯时，在所述第二定位块上设置保温冒口(2)；
    将所述钩体尾部内档砂芯和所述钩体内腔整体砂芯放入所述上砂型和所述下砂型中并进行合箱；
    材料冶炼并浇注砂型；
    落砂得到车钩钩体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述金属模具的车钩尾部设置有第三定位块，利用所述上模具制造所述上砂型，包括：
    在所述上模具表面涂刷脱模剂；
    在钩体头部最高处设置第一冒口(5)，在所述第三定位块上设置有第二冒口(6)；
    利用改性水玻璃砂将所述上模具、所述第一冒口(5)以及所述第二冒口(6)覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，利用所述下模具制造所述下砂型，包括：
    在所述下模具表面涂刷脱模剂；
    在所述第一定位块上设置所述保温侧冒口(1)；
    在所述金属模具的尾部底面T型热节处放置第一激冷材料(3)；
    利用改性水玻璃砂将所述下模具、所述保温侧冒口(1)以及所述第一激冷材料(3)覆盖固定，安放砂箱并向砂箱内加满改性水玻璃砂后震实硬化。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯 盒上设置有补缩通道(4)，所述补缩通道(4)与所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒的尾销孔相对设置，利用所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒和改性水玻璃砂制备具有补缩通道的所述钩体尾部内档砂芯。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述补缩通道(4)的直径等于所述尾销孔的直径。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，利用所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒制造所述钩体尾部内档砂芯时，在所述钩体尾部内档砂芯芯盒下表面放置激冷材料，其中，制造所述钩体尾部内档砂芯时采用改性水玻璃砂。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，利用所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒制造所述钩体内腔整体砂芯，包括：
    在所述第二定位块上设置所述保温冒口(2)；
    在所述钩体内腔整体砂芯芯盒的落锁孔内填充第二激冷材料(7)并紧实，水平分型射芯机开始射芯，以得到所述钩体内腔整体砂芯。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，所述水平分型射芯机的射砂压力为0.45MPa，CO2吹气压力为0.3MPa，吹气硬化时间为100s，吹气硬化60s时抽取芯盒活块。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，冶炼的金属材料化学成分包括C、Si、Mn、P、S、Cr、Mo、Ni、Al以及Fe元素；
    其中，C含量为0.24％-0.29％，Si含量为0.22％-0.36％，Mn含量为1.30％-1.50％，P含量小于等于0.027％，S含量小于等于0.027％，Cr含量为0.40％-0.60％，Mo含量为0.20％-0.30％，Ni含量为0.35％-0.55％，Al含量为0.02％-0.08％，余量为Fe。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的车钩钩体铸造工艺，其特征在于，浇注过程使用10t底注式钢水包浇注，包孔直径为60mm，浇注温度为1550℃-1580℃，浇注速度为20kg/S，按照慢、快、慢的原则进行浇注，砂型浇满后，点浇2～3次，浇注完成保温8h后落砂以得到毛坯铸件，所述毛坯铸件经过预热处理后进行清理以得到所述车钩钩体。
PCT/CN2021/108309 2020-09-07 2021-07-26 车钩钩体铸造工艺 WO2022048343A1 (zh)

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