WO2022047892A1 - 直线电机 - Google Patents

直线电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022047892A1
WO2022047892A1 PCT/CN2020/120694 CN2020120694W WO2022047892A1 WO 2022047892 A1 WO2022047892 A1 WO 2022047892A1 CN 2020120694 W CN2020120694 W CN 2020120694W WO 2022047892 A1 WO2022047892 A1 WO 2022047892A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
assembly
linear motor
base
primary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/120694
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭顺
史卫领
王洪兴
Original Assignee
瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声科技（南京）有限公司
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Application filed by 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司, 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 filed Critical 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Publication of WO2022047892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022047892A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drives, in particular to a linear motor.
  • Linear motor is a driver that directly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy of linear motion. Compared with traditional drivers, linear motor can realize linear drive without transmission structure, with simple structure, low loss, high precision and high efficiency.
  • the linear motor of the related art includes a primary drive assembly and a secondary drive assembly.
  • the primary drive assembly is generally composed of a winding structure
  • the secondary drive assembly is generally composed of a magnetic yoke and a magnetic steel.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a linear motor with increased thrust.
  • the present invention provides a linear motor.
  • the linear motor includes: a base; a sliding seat, which slides relative to the base along a sliding direction; a primary assembly, which is mounted on the sliding seat, and the primary assembly includes at least one armature a winding for generating a traveling wave magnetic field; a secondary assembly, mounted on the base, comprising at least two secondary sub-components, the at least two secondary sub-components are respectively located on both sides of the primary component and are connected to the
  • the primary components are arranged opposite and spaced along a first direction perpendicular to the sliding direction, each secondary sub-component includes a plurality of excitation coils arranged at intervals along the sliding direction;
  • the brush components, mounted on the sliding seat include At least two brush parts, the brush parts are used for electrically conducting the excitation coil opposite to the primary assembly to make the secondary sub-component generate an excitation magnetic field; the traveling wave magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field are mutually It acts to push the base and the sliding seat to slide relative to each
  • the base includes a first plate body, two support plates bent and extended from two sides of the first plate body, and at least one extension plate protruding from one of the support plates, the extending plate
  • the plate is spaced from the first plate body; one of the two secondary sub-components is fixed to the first plate body, and the other is fixed to the extension plate.
  • the sliding seat includes a second plate body and a bearing plate extending from the second plate body toward the base, the bearing plate is at least partially located between the first plate body and the extension plate, and is connected with the first plate body and the extension plate.
  • the first plate body and the extension plate are spaced apart, and the primary assembly and the brush assembly are fixed to the carrier plate.
  • the primary assembly further includes at least two primary sub-components, which are attached to opposite sides of the carrier plate and are respectively opposite to the secondary sub-components and are spaced apart; each of the primary sub-components includes the at least one armature winding.
  • the primary component further includes an armature iron core fixed on the carrier plate, the armature iron core includes a first base plate fixed on the sliding seat, and the at least one armature winding is fixed on the the first substrate.
  • each of the armature cores further includes at least one first tooth portion disposed on the first substrate, and the armature winding is sleeved on the first tooth portion.
  • each of the brush pieces includes a first brush piece, a second brush piece, and a fixing member connecting the first brush piece and the second brush piece to the carrier plate, the first brush piece
  • the sheet and the second brush sheet are electrically connected with the corresponding excitation coils; the fixing parts of the two brush pieces are respectively fixed on opposite sides of the carrying plate.
  • each of the excitation coils includes a first outlet end and a second outlet end; the secondary component further includes a plurality of spaced first conductive blocks and a plurality of spaced second conductive blocks, the first The conductive blocks are opposite to the second conductive blocks and are arranged at intervals; each of the first outlet ends is electrically connected to each of the first conductive blocks; each of the second outlet ends is connected to each of the second conductive blocks The blocks are electrically connected; the first electric brush pieces are in contact with the corresponding first conductive blocks and are in electrical conduction; the second electric brush pieces are in contact with the corresponding second conductive blocks and are in electrical conduction.
  • the secondary component further includes a plurality of first insulating members and a plurality of second insulating members, each first insulating member is connected between two adjacent first conductive blocks, and each second insulating member connected between two adjacent second conductive blocks; the first insulating member and the second insulating member are arranged at intervals.
  • the secondary component further includes an excitation core
  • the excitation core includes a second base plate fixed on the base, and the plurality of excitation coils are fixed to the second base plate.
  • the field core further includes a plurality of second teeth arranged on the second base plate and spaced along the sliding direction, and the plurality of field coils are respectively sleeved on the plurality of second teeth. teeth.
  • the present invention also provides a linear motor, the linear motor comprising: a base; a sliding seat, which slides relatively with the base along a sliding direction; a primary assembly, mounted on the base, includes at least two slides perpendicular to the base. primary sub-components arranged at intervals in the first direction of the sliding direction, each of the primary sub-components includes at least one armature winding for generating a traveling wave magnetic field; a secondary component, mounted on the sliding seat, located in the two Between the primary sub-components and opposite to the primary sub-components along the first direction and spaced apart, the secondary assembly includes a plurality of excitation coils spaced along the sliding direction; a brush assembly, mounted on the a base, comprising at least one brush part, the brush part is used for electrically conducting an excitation coil opposite to the primary component so as to generate an excitation magnetic field for the secondary sub-component; the traveling wave magnetic field is related to the The excitation magnetic field interacts to push the base and the carriage to slide relative to each other
  • the base includes a first plate body, two support plates bent and extended from two sides of the first plate body, and at least one extension plate protruding from one of the support plates, the extending plate
  • the plate is spaced from the first plate body; one of the two primary sub-components is fixed to the first plate body, and the other is fixed to the extension plate; the brush member is fixed to the first plate body the plate body and/or the extension plate.
  • the sliding seat includes a second plate body and a bearing plate extending from the second plate body toward the base, the bearing plate is at least partially located between the first plate body and the extension plate, and is connected with the first plate body and the extension plate.
  • the first plate body and the extension plate are spaced apart, and the secondary assembly is fixed to the carrier plate.
  • the secondary assembly includes at least two secondary sub-components, and the at least two secondary sub-components are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the carrier plate and are respectively opposite to the primary sub-components along the first direction and arranged at intervals, each of the secondary sub-components includes the plurality of excitation coils.
  • the linear motor further includes a detection assembly, the detection assembly includes a scale and a scale read head, the scale is fixed on one of the base or the sliding seat, and the scale reads The head is fixed to the other of the carriage and the base, and the scale read head is disposed opposite to the scale.
  • the above-mentioned linear motor can be achieved by arranging a plurality of the primary components or the secondary components, and the primary component is arranged between the two secondary components or the secondary component is arranged between the two secondary components.
  • the thrust of the base or the sliding seat is increased, and the normal suction force received by the base or the sliding seat is reduced; the base and the sliding seat are connected to each other through at least one armature winding.
  • the relative movement occurs due to the driving of multiple excitation coils.
  • the material cost of the armature winding and the excitation coil is low, which reduces the production cost of the linear motor.
  • the brush assembly only conducts part of the excitation coil, which greatly reduces the copper cost of the linear motor. consumption and improve the efficiency of the linear motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a first embodiment of a linear motor provided by the present invention.
  • the linear motor includes a primary assembly and a secondary assembly.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the primary assembly shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the secondary assembly shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the linear motor shown in FIG. 1 after being assembled.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of FIG. 4 along the A-A direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a second embodiment of the linear motor provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic exploded structure diagram of the primary assembly of the linear motor shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the linear motor 100 includes a base 10 and a sliding seat that slides relative to the base 10 along the sliding direction X 20.
  • the primary assembly 30 fixed on the sliding seat 20, the secondary assembly 40 fixed on the base 10, the brush assembly 70 fixed on the sliding seat 20, and the The detection component 80 for the relative displacement of the sliding seat 20 .
  • the detection assembly 80 includes a scale 82 and a scale read head 81 , the scale 82 is fixed on the base 10 , and the scale read head 81 is fixed on the sliding seat 20 and is connected with the scale 82 . Relatively arranged; it is understood that in other embodiments, the scale and the scale read head may be arranged in opposite directions.
  • the brush assembly 70 moves to the secondary assembly 40 corresponding to the primary assembly 30 along with the sliding seat 20 , the brush assembly 70 contacts with the corresponding secondary assembly 40 and conducts electrical conduction, so as to generate an excitation magnetic field.
  • the primary assembly 30 generates a traveling wave magnetic field, and the traveling wave magnetic field interacts with the excitation magnetic field to generate thrust to push the sliding seat 20 and the base 10 to slide relative to each other along the sliding direction X.
  • the base 10 is substantially U-shaped, and includes a first plate body 11 , two support plates 12 bent and extended from both sides of the first plate body 11 , and a support plate 12 from one of the support plates 12 .
  • At least one extension plate 13 extending toward the other support plate 12 , and a first mounting portion 15 disposed on the end of the support plate 12 away from the first plate body 11 , the extension plate 13 is connected to the other support plate 11 .
  • the plates 12 are spaced apart to form gaps 16 .
  • the extension plate 13 is opposite to and spaced apart from the first plate body 11 along the first direction Z perpendicular to the sliding direction X. As shown in FIG.
  • the sliding seat 20 is generally in the shape of a plate body, and includes a second plate body 21 , a carrier plate 24 connected to the second plate body 21 , and second mounting portions 22 disposed on both sides of the second plate body 21 .
  • the carrying plate 24 is substantially L-shaped, which is slidably inserted into the gap 16 , and includes a connecting portion 4 extending vertically from the second plate body 21 and a carrying portion 4 extending from the connecting portion 4 bent.
  • the bearing portion is located between the extension plate 13 and the first plate body 11 , and is spaced from the extension plate 13 and the first plate body 11 along the first direction Z.
  • the carriage 20 further includes a mounting member 23 for mounting the scale 82 or the scale read head 81 , and the mounting member 23 is spaced from the carrier plate 24 .
  • the carriage 20 also includes a support plate 25 that supports the brush assembly 70 .
  • the support plate 25 is connected to the primary assembly 30 .
  • the guide rail assembly 50 includes a first guide rail 51 and a second guide rail 52 respectively mounted on the first mounting portion 15 and the second mounting portion 22.
  • the first guide rail 51 and the second guide rail 52 can be
  • the base 10 and the sliding seat 20 are slidably connected together.
  • the guide rail assembly 50 , the sliding seat 20 and the base 10 together form an accommodation space 14 , and the primary assembly 30 , the secondary assembly 40 and the brush assembly 70 are all accommodated in the accommodation space 14 .
  • the primary assembly 30 includes an armature iron core 31 and an armature winding 32 provided on the armature iron core 31 .
  • the armature core 31 includes a substantially plate-shaped first base plate 311, a first baffle plate 312 protruding from both ends of the first base plate 311 and extending toward the two secondary assemblies 40, and a self-contained first baffle plate 312.
  • a plurality of first teeth 313 protruding from the two side surfaces of the first base plate 311 opposite to the two secondary assemblies 40 and extending to the two secondary assemblies 40 , the first base plate 311 and the carrier The carrier portion 222 of the plate 22 is connected.
  • the armature winding 32 includes an armature winding body 321 and a first through hole 322 surrounded by the armature winding body 321 , and the armature winding 32 is sleeved on the first through hole 322 through the first through hole 322 .
  • a tooth portion 313 or directly wound on the first tooth portion 313 through the armature winding body 321 .
  • the number of the first teeth 313 and the armature winding 32 is the same, and the number of the armature winding 32 is at least one. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the armature iron core may not be provided with the tooth portion, or the armature iron core may be provided with the tooth portion only on one side.
  • the secondary assembly 40 includes at least two secondary subassemblies 41 spaced apart along the first direction Y.
  • One of the secondary sub-components 41 is arranged on the first plate body 11 , and the other secondary sub-component 41 is arranged on the extension plate 13 .
  • the secondary component 41 includes an excitation core 411 , a plurality of excitation coils 412 disposed on the excitation core 411 , and a plurality of first conductive blocks 413 and second conductive blocks 414 electrically connected to the excitation coil 412 .
  • first conductive blocks 413 connect a plurality of first insulating members 415 adjacent to the first conductive blocks 413, connect a plurality of second insulating members 416 adjacent to the second conductive blocks 414, connect the first conductive blocks 413 and the A first connecting member 417 of the first insulating member 415 and a second connecting member 418 connecting the second conductive block 414 and the second insulating member 416 .
  • the plurality of first conductive blocks 413 are arranged at intervals along the sliding direction X; the plurality of second conductive blocks 414 are arranged at intervals along the sliding direction X.
  • the first conductive blocks 413 and the second conductive blocks 414 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y perpendicular to the sliding direction X. As shown in FIG.
  • the excitation core 411 includes a substantially plate-shaped second base plate 4111 , a second baffle plate 4112 formed by bending and extending from both ends of the second base plate 4111 , and a second baffle plate 4112 disposed between the two second baffle plates 4112 .
  • a plurality of second tooth portions 4113 between the second base plate 4111 and the second tooth portion 4113 are connected to the first plate body 111 , and a plurality of the excitation coils 412 are respectively sleeved or wound on A plurality of the first tooth portions 4113 .
  • One side of the two second base plates 4111 away from the second teeth 4113 is connected to the first base plate 11 and the extension plate 13 respectively.
  • the excitation coil 412 includes an excitation coil body 4121 , a second through hole 4122 surrounded by the excitation coil body 4121 , a first outlet end 4123 and a second outlet end 4124 extending from the excitation coil body 4121 .
  • the excitation coil 412 is sleeved on the second tooth portion 4113 through the second through hole 4122 , or directly wound around the second tooth portion 4113 through the excitation coil body 4121 .
  • the first conductive block 413 and the second conductive block 414 are respectively connected to the side of the first outlet end 4123 and the second outlet end 4124 away from the first board body 11 , and the first insulation
  • the member 415 is connected between two adjacent first conductive blocks 413 ; the second insulating member 416 is connected between two adjacent second conductive blocks 414 .
  • the first connecting piece 417 and the second connecting piece 418 are also made of insulating material, and the first connecting piece 417 keeps the first conductive block 413 and the first insulating block 415 away from the excitation coil
  • One side of the main body 4121 is insulated and connected as a whole, and the second connector 418 is insulated and connected to the side of the second conductive block 414 and the second insulating block 416 away from the excitation coil body 4121 into a whole,
  • the first connecting member 417 and the second connecting member 418 are spaced apart from each other along the second direction Y.
  • the secondary sub-component 41 further includes two support members 419, one side of the two support members 419 is respectively connected with the first plate body 11 and the extension plate 13, and the other side is connected with and supports a plurality of the first plate body 11 and the extension plate 13 respectively.
  • One ends of the first conductive block 413 and the second conductive block 414 away from the support member 419 are connected to the brush assembly 70 .
  • the brush assembly 70 includes at least two brush members 71. Each of the brush elements 71 is electrically connected to the corresponding secondary sub-element 41 respectively. Each brush piece 71 includes a substantially U-shaped fixing piece 711 and a first brush piece 712 and a second brush piece 713 respectively connected to the fixing piece 711 .
  • the fixing member 711 includes a fixing body 7111 fixedly connected to the support plate 25 , a first fixing arm 7112 and a second fixing arm 7113 bent and extending from both sides of the fixing body 7111 , and the fixing body 7111 is fixed on the bearing and is spaced apart from the primary assembly 30 along the second direction Y. The first brush piece 712 and the second brush piece 713 are respectively fixed to the first fixing arm 7112 and the second fixing arm 7113 .
  • first brush piece 712 away from the first fixing arm 7112 is slidably connected to the first conductive block 413 and the first insulating member 415
  • second brush piece 713 is away from the second
  • One end of the fixed arm 7113 is slidably connected to the second conductive block 414 and the second insulating member 416
  • the first brush piece 712 and the second brush piece 713 pass through the first conductive block respectively 413 and the second conductive block 414 are electrically connected to the first outlet end 4213 and the second outlet end 4124 of at least one of the excitation coils 412 , so that the excitation coil 412 is electrically connected.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 together.
  • the two outgoing terminals 4124 are in contact with the first brush piece 712 and the second brush piece 713 through the first conductive block 413 and the second conductive block 414 respectively and generate a stable excitation magnetic field.
  • the base 10 and the sliding seat 20 perform linear motion through the relative sliding of the first guide rail 51 and the second guide rail 52 .
  • the armature windings 32 are provided on both sides of the armature core 31 opposite to the secondary assembly 40 .
  • the numbers of the pivot windings 32 and the excitation coils 42 are both increased, so that the thrust of the primary assembly 30 and the secondary assembly 40 on the base 10 or the carriage 20 is increased, and the thrust on the base 10 or the sliding seat 20 is reduced.
  • the normal suction between the base 10 or the sliding seat 20 can be improved, thereby improving the driving force of the linear motor 100 and increasing its stability.
  • first brush piece 712 and the second brush piece 713 slide with the primary assembly 30 and electrically conduct the secondary assembly 40 opposite to the primary assembly 30
  • the excitation coil 412 is not connected to the power supply, and the excitation coil 412 that is not in contact with the first brush piece 712 and the second brush piece 713 is not connected to the power supply, that is, only drives the primary
  • the excitation coil 412 of the component 30 moving is energized, and the excitation coil 412 of the primary component 30 is not energized until the driving force acts on the primary component 30, which reduces the loss of resources and greatly reduces the copper of the linear motor 100. consumption, and the efficiency of the linear motor 100 is improved.
  • the present invention provides a second embodiment of a linear motor 100'.
  • the linear motor 100' includes a base 10', a carriage 20', a primary assembly 30', a secondary assembly 40', and a brush assembly 70'.
  • the base 10' has the same structure as the base 10 in the first embodiment, which is not repeated here.
  • the sliding seat 20' has the same structure as the sliding seat 20 in the first embodiment, and the base 10' and the sliding seat 20' can slide relative to each other.
  • the primary assembly 30' includes at least two primary sub-assemblies 31'.
  • the primary assembly 30' includes two primary sub-components 31', one primary sub-component 31' is fixed to the extension plate 13', and the other primary sub-component 31' is fixed to the first plate body 11'.
  • Each primary component includes an armature core 31' and an armature winding 32' provided on the armature core 31'.
  • the armature core 31 ′ includes a first base plate 311 ′ in a substantially plate shape, and a first baffle 312 protruding from both ends of the first base plate 311 ′ and extending toward the secondary assembly 40 ′ ' and a plurality of first teeth 313' protruding from the side of the first base plate 311' opposite to the secondary assembly 40' and extending toward the secondary assembly 40'.
  • the two first substrates 311' are respectively connected to the extension plate 13' and the first plate body 11'.
  • the armature winding 32' has the same structure as the armature winding 32 in the first embodiment.
  • the armature winding 32' is sleeved on the first tooth 313' through the first through hole 322', or the The pivot winding body 321 ′ is directly wound around the first tooth portion 313 ′. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the armature iron core may not be provided with the tooth portion, or the armature iron core may be provided with the tooth portion only on one side.
  • the secondary assembly 40' includes two secondary sub-components 41', which are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the bearing portion of the carrier plate 24', located between the two primary sub-components 31', and towards the two primary sub-pieces 31', respectively.
  • Each of the secondary sub-elements 41' and the primary sub-element 31' are spaced from each other along the first direction Z.
  • the structure of the secondary sub-component 41' is the same as that of the secondary sub-component 41 in the first embodiment, which is not repeated here. It is understood that in other embodiments, the secondary assembly 40' may also include only one secondary sub-component 41'.
  • the brush assembly 70' includes two brush members 71'.
  • the two brush members 71' are respectively fixed to the extension plate 13' and the first plate body 11'.
  • the structure of each brush member 71' is the same as that of the brush member 71 in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the U-shaped openings of the two brush members 71' are disposed opposite to each other. It is understood that in other embodiments, if there is only one secondary sub-piece 41', only one brush member 71' may be provided.
  • the above-mentioned linear motor can be achieved by arranging a plurality of the primary components or the secondary components, and the primary component is arranged between the two secondary components or the secondary component is arranged between the two secondary components.
  • the thrust of the base or the slide is increased, and the normal suction received by the base or the slide is increased; the base and the slide are connected to multiple
  • the relative movement occurs due to the drive of the excitation coil, the material cost of the armature winding and the excitation coil is low, and the production cost of the above-mentioned linear motor is reduced; the brush assembly only conducts part of the excitation coil, which greatly reduces the copper consumption of the linear motor. Improves the efficiency of linear motors.

Abstract

一种直线电机（100），所述直线电机（100）包括：基座（10）；滑座（20），与所述基座（10）沿滑动方向相对滑动；初级组件（30），安装于所述滑座（20），所述初级组件（30）包括至少一电枢绕组（32），用于产生行波磁场；次级组件（40），安装于所述基座（10），包括至少两个次级子件（41）分别位于所述初级组件（30）的两侧且与所述初级组件（30）沿垂直于所述滑动方向的第一方向相对且间隔设置，每一次级子件（41）包括多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的励磁线圈（412）；电刷组件（70），安装于所述滑座（20），包括至少两个电刷件（71），所述电刷件（71）用于与所述初级组件（30）相对的励磁线圈（412）电性导通以使所述次级子件（41）产生励磁磁场；所述行波磁场与所述励磁磁场相互作用以推动所述基座（10）与滑座（20）相对滑动。上述直线电机（100）能增加推力，并降低法向吸力。

Description

直线电机 技术领域
本发明涉及驱动器技术领域，尤其涉及一种直线电机。
 背景技术
直线电机是一种将电能直接转换成直线运动的机械能的驱动器，相对与传统驱动器，直线电机无需传动结构即可实现直线驱动，结构简单、损耗小、精度高而且效率高。
相关技术的直线电机包括初级驱动组件和次级驱动组件，所述初级驱动组件一般由绕组结构组成，所述次级驱动组件一般由磁轭和磁钢构成，当所述初级驱动组件通电时，所述初级驱动组件与所述次级驱动组件之间产生相对直线运动。但是，所述直线电机的所述初级驱动组件和所述次级驱动组件均设置一个，推力较小，驱动性能差。
因此，必须提供一种新的直线电机以解决上述技术问题。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种增加推力的直线电机。
 技术解决方案
本发明提供一种直线电机，所述直线电机包括：基座；滑座，与所述基座沿滑动方向相对滑动；初级组件，安装于所述滑座，所述初级组件包括至少一电枢绕组，用于产生行波磁场； 次级组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少两个次级子件，所述至少两个次级子件分别位于所述初级组件的两侧且与所述初级组件沿垂直于所述滑动方向的第一方向相对且间隔设置，每一次级子件包括多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的励磁线圈；电刷组件，安装于所述滑座，包括至少两个电刷件，所述电刷件用于与所述初级组件相对的励磁线圈电性导通以使所述次级子件产生励磁磁场；所述行波磁场与所述励磁磁场相互作用以推动所述基座与滑座相对滑动。
优选地，所述基座包括第一板体、自所述第一板体两侧弯折延伸的两个支撑板以及自一所述支撑板中凸伸出的至少一延伸板，所述延伸板与所述第一板体间隔设置；所述两个次级子件的其中一个固定于所述第一板体，另一个固定于所述延伸板。
优选地，所述滑座包括第二板体以及自第二板体朝向基座延伸形成的承载板，所述承载板至少部分位于所述第一板体与所述延伸板之间，且与所述第一板体和所述延伸板间隔设置，所述初级组件和所述电刷组件固定于所述承载板。
优选地，所述初级组件还包括至少两初级子件，贴设于所述承载板的相对两侧，分别与所述次级子件相对且间隔设置；每一所述初级子件包括所述至少一电枢绕组。
优选地，所述初级子件还包括固定于所述承载板的电枢铁芯，所述电枢铁芯包括固定于所述滑座第一基板，所述至少一电枢绕组固定于所述第一基板。
优选地，每个所述电枢铁芯还包括设于所述第一基板上的至少一第一齿部，所述电枢绕组套设于所述第一齿部。
优选地，每个所述电刷件包括第一电刷片、第二电刷片以及连接第一电刷片和第二电刷片至所述承载板的固定件，所述第一电刷片、第二电刷片与对应的励磁线圈电性连接；两个电刷件的固定件分别固定于所述承载板的相对两侧。
优选地，每一所述励磁线圈包括第一出线端和第二出线端；所述次级子件还包括多个间隔设置的第一导电块和多个间隔设置的第二导电块，第一导电块与所述第二导电块相对且间隔设置；每一所述第一出线端与每一所述第一导电块电连接；每一所述第二出线端与每一所述第二导电块电连接；所述第一电刷片与对应的第一导电块接触并电性导通；所述第二电刷片与对应的第二导电块接触并电性导通。
优选地，所述次级子件还包括多个第一绝缘件和多个第二绝缘件，每一第一绝缘件连接在相邻两个第一导电块之间，每一第二绝缘件连接在相邻两个第二导电块之间；所述第一绝缘件与所述第二绝缘件间隔设置。
优选地，所述次级子件还包括励磁铁芯，所述励磁铁芯包括固定于所述基座上的第二基板，所述多个励磁线圈固定于所述第二基板。
优选地，所述励磁铁芯还包括设于所述第二基板上的多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的第二齿部，所述多个励磁线圈分别套设于所述多个第二齿部。
本发明还提供一种直线电机，所述直线电机包括：基座；滑座，与所述基座沿滑动方向相对滑动；初级组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少两个沿垂直于所述滑动方向的第一方向间隔设置的初级子件，每个所述初级子件包括至少一电枢绕组，用于产生行波磁场； 次级组件，安装于所述滑座，位于所述两个初级子件的之间且与所述初级子件沿所述第一方向相对且间隔设置，次级组件包括多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的励磁线圈；电刷组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少一个电刷件，所述电刷件用于与所述初级组件相对的励磁线圈电性导通以使所述次级子件产生励磁磁场；所述行波磁场与所述励磁磁场相互作用以推动所述基座与所述滑座相对滑动。
优选地，所述基座包括第一板体、自所述第一板体两侧弯折延伸的两个支撑板以及自一所述支撑板中凸伸出的至少一延伸板，所述延伸板与所述第一板体间隔设置；所述两个初级子件的其中一个固定于所述第一板体，另一个固定于所述延伸板；所述电刷件固定于所述第一板体和/或所述延伸板。
优选地，所述滑座包括第二板体以及自第二板体朝向基座延伸形成的承载板，所述承载板至少部分位于所述第一板体与所述延伸板之间，且与所述第一板体和所述延伸板间隔设置，所述次级组件固定于所述承载板。
优选地，所述次级组件包括至少两个次级子件，至少两个次级子件分别设于所述承载板的相对两侧并分别与所述初级子件沿所述第一方向相对且间隔设置，每一所述次级子件包括所述多个励磁线圈。
优选地，所述直线电机还包括检测组件，所述检测组件包括栅尺和栅尺读头，所述栅尺固定于所述基座或所述滑座中的其中一个，所述栅尺读头固定在所述滑座与所述基座中的另一个，所述栅尺读头与所述栅尺相对设置。
 有益效果
与相关技术相比，上述直线电机通过设置多个所述初级组件或所述次级组件，且所述初级组件设于两个所述次级组件之间或所述次级组件设于两个所述初级组件之间，增加了所述基座或所述滑座的推力，并降低了所述基座或所述滑座受到的法向吸力；基座和滑座通过至少一电枢绕组与多个励磁线圈的驱动而发生相对运动，电枢绕组和励磁线圈的材料成本低，降低了上述直线电机的生产成本；电刷组件只导通部分励磁线圈，极大的减小了直线电机铜耗，提升了直线电机的效率。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图，其中。
图1为本发明提供的直线电机第一实施例的爆炸结构示意图，所述直线电机包括初级组件和次级组件。
图2为图1所示的所述初级组件的爆炸结构示意图。
图3为图1所示的所述次级组件的爆炸结构示意图。
图4为图1所示的所述直线电机组装后的结构示意图。
图5为图4沿A-A方向的剖面结构示意图。
图6为本发明提供的直线电机第二实施例的立体结构示意图。
图7为图6所示直线电机的初级组件的爆炸结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1-5所示为本发明直线电机100的第一实施方式，如图1至图5所示，直线电机100包括基座10、与所述基座10沿滑动方向X相对滑动的滑座20、固定于所述滑座20上的初级组件30、固定于所述基座10上的次级组件40、固定于滑座20上的电刷组件70以及用于检测所述基座10和所述滑座20相对位移的检测组件80。所述检测组件80包括栅尺82和栅尺读头81，所述栅尺82固定于所述基座10，所述栅尺读头81固定于所述滑座20并与所述栅尺82相对设置；可以理解的是在其他实施例中，栅尺和栅尺读头也可以呈相反的设置。其中，所述电刷组件70在随着滑座20运动至与初级组件30对应的次级组件40时，与相应的次级组件40接触并电性导通，从而使其产生励磁磁场。初级组件30产生行波磁场，该行波磁场和励磁磁场相互作用产生推力推动滑座20与基座10沿滑动方向X相对滑动。
具体地，所述基座10大致呈U形状，其包括第一板体11、自所述第一板体11两侧弯折延伸的两个支撑板12、自其中一个所述支撑板12中朝向另一支撑板12延伸形成的至少一延伸板13、设于所述支撑板12远离所述第一板体11一端上的第一安装部15，所述延伸板13与另一所述支撑板12间隔设置形成间隙16。延伸板13与第一板体11沿垂直于滑动方向X的第一方向Z相对且间隔设置。
所述滑座20大致呈板体状，其包括第二板体21、以及与第二板体21连接的承载板24以及设于所述第二板体21两侧的第二安装部22。所述承载板24大致呈L形，其可滑动地插入所述间隙16中，包括自第二板体21垂直延伸的连接部4和自连接部4弯折延伸的承载部4。承载部位于延伸板13与第一板体11之间，且沿第一方向Z与延伸板13和第一板体11之间间隔设置。滑座20还包括安装栅尺82或栅尺读头81的安装件23，该安装件23与承载板24间隔设置。滑座20还包括支撑电刷组件70的支撑板25。支撑板25与初级组件30连接。
所述导轨组件50包括分别安装于所述第一安装部15和所述第二安装部22上的第一导轨51和第二导轨52，所述第一导轨51和所述第二导轨52可滑动地连接，从而将所述基座10和所述滑座20可滑动地连接在一起。导轨组件50、滑座20和基座10共同围成了收容空间14，初级组件30、次级组件40和电刷组件70均收容于该收容空间14。
初级组件30包括电枢铁芯31和设于所述电枢铁芯31上的电枢绕组32。所述电枢铁芯31包括大致呈板体状的第一基板311、自所述第一基板311的两端凸出并向两个所述次级组件40延伸的第一挡板312和自所述第一基板311与两个所述次级组件40相对的两个侧面凸出并向两个所述次级组件40延伸的多个第一齿部313，所述第一基板311与承载板22的承载部222连接。所述电枢绕组32包括电枢绕组本体321和由所述电枢绕组体321围成的第一通孔322，所述电枢绕组32通过所述第一通孔322套设于所述第一齿部313，或通过所述电枢绕组本体321直接缠绕于所述第一齿部313。其中，所述第一齿部313和所述电枢绕组32的设置数量相同，所述电枢绕组32的数量为至少一个，。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，也可以不设置电枢铁芯、或者电枢铁芯不设置齿部，或者，电枢铁芯仅在其中一侧设置齿部。
次级组件40包括至少两个沿第一方向Y间隔设置的次级子件41。其中一个次级子件41设置于第一板体11，另一个次级子件41设置于延伸板13上。次级子件41包括励磁铁芯411、设于所述励磁铁芯411上的多个励磁线圈412、与所述励磁线圈412电性连接的多个第一导电块413和第二导电块414、连接相邻所述第一导电块413的多个第一绝缘件415、连接相邻所述第二导电块414的多个第二绝缘件416、连接所述第一导电块413和所述第一绝缘件415的第一连接件417以及连接所述第二导电块414和所述第二绝缘件416的第二连接件418。多个第一导电块413沿滑动方向X间隔设置；多个第二导电块414沿滑动方向X间隔设置。第一导电块413与第二导电块414沿垂直于滑动方向X的第二方向Y间隔设置。
励磁铁芯411包括大致呈板体状的第二基板4111、自所述第二基板4111的两端弯折延伸而成的第二挡板4112和设于两个所述第二挡板4112之间的多个第二齿部4113，所述第二基板4111远离所述第二齿部4113的一侧与所述第一板体111连接，多个所述励磁线圈412分别套设或缠绕于多个所述第一齿部4113。两个所述第二基板4111远离第二齿部4113的一侧分别与所述第一基板11和所述延伸板13连接。
所述励磁线圈412包括励磁线圈本体4121、由所述励磁线圈本体4121围成的第二通孔4122、自所述励磁线圈本体4121延伸出的第一出线端4123和第二出线端4124。所述励磁线圈412通过所述第二通孔4122套设于所述第二齿部4113，或通过所述励磁线圈本体4121直接缠绕于所述第二齿部4113。所述第一导电块413和所述第二导电块414分别与所述第一出线端4123和所述第二出线端4124远离所述第一板体11的一侧连接，所述第一绝缘件415连接在相邻的两个第一导电块413之间；第二绝缘件416连接在相邻的两个第二导电块414之间。所述第一连接件417和所述第二连接件418也是由绝缘材料制成，所述第一连接件417将所述第一导电块413和所述第一绝缘块415远离所述励磁线圈本体4121的一侧绝缘的连接成一体，所述第二连接件418将所述第二导电块414和所述第二绝缘块416远离所述励磁线圈本体4121的一侧绝缘的连接成一体，且所述第一连接件417和所述第二连接件418沿第二方向Y相互间隔设置。
次级子件41还包括两个支撑件419，两个支撑件419的一侧分别与所述第一板体11和所述延伸板13连接，另一侧连接并支撑多个所述第一出线端4123、所述第二出线端4124以及所述第一导电块413和所述第二导电块414。第一导电块413和所述第二导电块414远离所述支撑件419的一端与所述电刷组件70连接。
电刷组件 70包括至少两个电刷件71。每个电刷件71分别与对应的次级子件41电性导通。 每个电刷件71包括大致呈U型的固定件711和分别与固定件711连接的第一电刷片712和第二电刷片713。固定件711包括与支撑板25固定连接的固定本体7111和自所述固定本体7111的两侧弯折延伸的第一固定臂7112和第二固定臂7113，所述固定本体7111固定于所述承载部并与所述初级组件30沿第二方向Y间隔设置。所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713分别固定于第一固定臂7112和第二固定臂7113。所述第一电刷片712远离所述第一固定臂7112的一端与所述第一导电块413和所述第一绝缘件415滑动连接，所述第二电刷片713远离所述第二固定臂7113的一端与所述第二导电块414和所述第二绝缘件416滑动连接，且所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713分别通过所述第一导电块413和第二导电块414与至少一个所述励磁线圈412的所述第一出线端4213和所述第二出线端4124电性连接，从而将该所述励磁线圈412导通。
请一并参照图1至图5，工作时，先将所述初级组件30的所述电枢绕组32接入交流电源使其产生行波磁场，然后将所述电刷组件70的所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713分别接入直流电源的正负极，与所述电枢绕组32相对的所述励磁线圈412的所述第一出线端4123和所述第二出线端4124分别通过所述第一导电块413和所述第二导电块414与所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713接触并产生稳定的励磁磁场，最后，在所述行波磁场和所述励磁磁场的驱动下，所述基座10和所述滑座20通过所述第一导轨51和所述第二导轨52的相对滑动进行直线运动。
由于所述初级组件30设置在两个所述次级组件20之间，所述电枢铁芯31与所述次级组件40相对的两侧均设有所述电枢绕组32，所述电枢绕组32和所述励磁线圈42的数量均增加了，使得所述初级组件30和所述次级组件40对所述基座10或所述滑座20的推力增加了，并降低了对所述基座10或所述滑座20之间的法向吸力，从而提高了所述直线电机100的驱动力并增加其平稳性。
需要说明的是，所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713随着所述初级组件30滑动，并电性导通与所述初级组件30相对的所述次级组件40的所述励磁线圈412，而未与所述第一电刷片712和所述第二电刷片713接触的所述励磁线圈412则未接入所述电源，也就是说只有驱动所述初级组件30运动的所述励磁线圈412才通电，驱动力作用不到所述初级组件30的所述励磁线圈412则不通电，减少了资源的损耗，并极大的减小了上述直线电机100铜耗，提升了上述直线电机100效率。
参见图6-7，本发明提供的第二实施方式的直线电机100’。具体地，在本实施例中，直线电机100’包括基座10’、滑座20’、初级组件30’、次级组件40’以及电刷组件70’。基座10’与第一实施例中的基座10具有相同的结构，在此不做赘述。滑座20’与第一实施例中的滑座20具有相同的结构，基座10’与滑座20’可相对滑动。
在本实施例中，初级组件30’包括至少两个初级子件31’。在本实施例中，初级组件30’包括两个初级子件31’，一个初级子件31’固定于延伸板13’，另一个初级子件31’固定于第一板体11’。每个初级子件包括电枢铁芯31’和设于所述电枢铁芯31’上的电枢绕组32’。所述电枢铁芯31’包括大致呈板体状的第一基板311’、自所述第一基板311’的两端凸出并向所述次级组件40’延伸的第一挡板312’和自所述第一基板311’与所述次级组件40’相对的侧面凸出并向所述次级组件40’延伸的多个第一齿部313’。两个所述第一基板311’分别与延伸板13’和第一板体11’连接。所述电枢绕组32’与第一实施例中的电枢绕组32结构相同，所述电枢绕组32’通过第一通孔322’套设于第一齿部313’，或通过所述电枢绕组本体321’直接缠绕于所述第一齿部313’。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，也可以不设置电枢铁芯、或者电枢铁芯不设置齿部，或者，电枢铁芯仅在其中一侧设置齿部。
次级组件40’包括两个次级子件41’，两个次级子件41’分别设于承载板24’的承载部的相对两侧，位于两个初级子件31’之间，并分别朝向两个初级子件31’。每个次级子件41’与初级子件31’沿第一方向Z相互间隔设置。次级子件41’与第一实施例中的次级子件41结构相同，在此不做赘述。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，次级组件40’也可以仅包括一个次级子件41’。
电刷组件70’包括两个电刷件71’。两个电刷件71’分别固定于延伸板13’和第一板体11’。每个电刷件71’的结构与第一实施例中电刷件71的结构相同，在此不做赘述。两个电刷件71’的U型开口相对设置。可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，如果只有一个次级子件41’，则可仅设置一个电刷件71’。
与相关技术相比，上述直线电机通过设置多个所述初级组件或所述次级组件，且所述初级组件设于两个所述次级组件之间或所述次级组件设于两个所述初级组件之间，增加了所述基座或所述滑座的推力，并所述基座或所述滑座受到的法向吸力；基座和滑座通过至少一电枢绕组与多个励磁线圈的驱动而发生相对运动，电枢绕组和励磁线圈的材料成本低，降低了上述直线电机的生产成本；电刷组件只导通部分励磁线圈，极大的减小了直线电机铜耗，提升了直线电机的效率。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种直线电机，其特征在于，所述直线电机包括：
    基座；
    滑座，与所述基座沿滑动方向相对滑动；
    初级组件，安装于所述滑座，所述初级组件包括至少一电枢绕组，用于产生行波磁场；
    次级组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少两个次级子件，所述至少两个次级子件分别位于所述初级组件的两侧且与所述初级组件沿垂直于所述滑动方向的第一方向相对且间隔设置，每一次级子件包括多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的励磁线圈；
    电刷组件，安装于所述滑座，包括至少两个电刷件，所述电刷件用于与所述初级组件相对的所述励磁线圈电性导通以使所述次级子件产生励磁磁场；所述行波磁场与所述励磁磁场相互作用以推动所述基座与所述滑座相对滑动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述基座包括第一板体、自所述第一板体两侧弯折延伸的两个支撑板以及自一所述支撑板凸伸出的至少一延伸板，所述延伸板与所述第一板体间隔设置；所述两个次级子件的其中一个固定于所述第一板体，另一个固定于所述延伸板。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述滑座包括第二板体以及自第二板体朝向所述基座延伸形成的承载板，所述承载板至少部分位于所述第一板体与所述延伸板之间，且与所述第一板体和所述延伸板间隔设置，所述初级组件和所述电刷组件固定于所述承载板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述初级组件还包括至少两个初级子件，分设于所述承载板的相对两侧且分别与所述次级子件相对且间隔设置；每一所述初级子件包括所述至少一电枢绕组。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述初级子件还包括固定于所述承载板的电枢铁芯，所述电枢铁芯包括固定于所述滑座的第一基板，所述至少一电枢绕组固定于所述第一基板。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的直线电机，其特征在于，每个所述电枢铁芯还包括设于所述第一基板上的至少一第一齿部，所述电枢绕组套设于所述第一齿部。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的直线电机，其特征在于，每个所述电刷件包括第一电刷片、第二电刷片以及连接第一电刷片和第二电刷片至所述承载板的固定件，所述第一电刷片、第二电刷片与对应的所述励磁线圈电性连接；两个电刷件的所述固定件分别固定于所述承载板的相对两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的直线电机，其特征在于，每一所述励磁线圈包括第一出线端和第二出线端；所述次级子件还包括多个间隔设置的第一导电块和多个间隔设置的第二导电块，所述第一导电块与所述第二导电块相对且间隔设置；每一所述第一出线端与每一所述第一导电块电连接；每一所述第二出线端与每一所述第二导电块电连接；所述第一电刷片与对应的第一导电块接触并电性导通；所述第二电刷片与对应的所述第二导电块接触并电性导通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述次级子件还包括多个第一绝缘件和多个第二绝缘件，每一所述第一绝缘件连接在相邻两个所述第一导电块之间，每一所述第二绝缘件连接在相邻两个所述第二导电块之间；所述第一绝缘件与所述第二绝缘件间隔设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述次级子件还包括励磁铁芯，所述励磁铁芯包括固定于所述基座上的第二基板，所述多个励磁线圈固定于所述第二基板。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述励磁铁芯还包括设于所述第二基板上的多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的第二齿部，所述多个励磁线圈分别套设于所述多个第二齿部。
  12. 一种直线电机，其特征在于，所述直线电机包括：
    基座；
    滑座，与所述基座沿滑动方向相对滑动；
    初级组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少两个沿垂直于所述滑动方向的第一方向间隔设置的初级子件，每个所述初级子件包括至少一电枢绕组，用于产生行波磁场；
    次级组件，安装于所述滑座，位于所述两个初级子件之间且与所述初级子件沿所述第一方向相对且间隔设置，次级组件包括多个沿所述滑动方向间隔设置的励磁线圈；
    电刷组件，安装于所述基座，包括至少一个电刷件，所述电刷件用于与所述初级组件相对的励磁线圈电性导通以使所述次级组件产生励磁磁场；所述行波磁场与所述励磁磁场相互作用以推动所述基座与所述滑座相对滑动。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述基座包括第一板体、自所述第一板体两侧弯折延伸的两个支撑板以及自一所述支撑板凸伸出的至少一延伸板，所述延伸板与所述第一板体间隔设置；所述两个初级子件的其中一个固定于所述第一板体，另一个固定于所述延伸板；所述电刷件固定于所述第一板体和/或所述延伸板。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述滑座包括第二板体以及自第二板体朝向基座延伸形成的承载板，所述承载板至少部分位于所述第一板体与所述延伸板之间，且与所述第一板体和所述延伸板间隔设置，所述次级组件固定于所述承载板。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述次级组件包括至少两个次级子件，至少两个所述次级子件分别设于所述承载板的相对两侧并分别与所述初级子件沿所述第一方向相对且间隔设置，每一所述次级子件包括所述多个励磁线圈。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述直线电机还包括检测组件，所述检测组件包括栅尺和栅尺读头，所述栅尺固定于所述基座或所述滑座中的其中一个，所述栅尺读头固定在所述滑座与所述基座中的另一个，所述栅尺读头与所述栅尺相对设置。
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