WO2022042761A1

WO2022042761A1 - Npr anchor rod monitoring and control system and method for rock slope collapse disaster

Info

Publication number: WO2022042761A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/121843
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陶志刚; 李梦楠; 庞仕辉; 郭爱鹏
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学(北京)
Priority date: 2020-11-16
Filing date: 2021-09-29
Publication date: 2022-03-03
Also published as: JP7218982B2; CN112459137A; CN112459137B; JP2022539480A

Abstract

Provided are an NPR anchor rod monitoring and control system and method for a rock slope collapse disaster. The system comprises a flexible anchor net, an NPR anchor rod, a monitoring unit, a base station and a monitoring center. The flexible anchor net is laid on the surface of a jointed rock mass. The NPR anchor rod is used for reinforcing the jointed rock mass and a stable rock mass. The monitoring unit is installed on the NPR anchor rod. The base station is in communication connection with the monitoring unit. The monitoring center is in communication connection with the base station. When the rock mass collapses, the NPR anchor rod is greatly deformed, absorbing a large amount of energy, and loose gravel may be controlled by means of the flexible anchor net having high-strength and high-toughness. For a large-scale rock collapse, the present invention allows for effective control and delay of collapse disaster time, such that more time is provided for personnel and property evacuation. For a small-scale rock collapse, the present invention allows for the rock mass collapse to be controlled, and a disaster caused by falling rock mass may be effectively avoided.

Description

NPR bolt monitoring and control system and method for rock slope collapse disaster

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster control, and in particular relates to an NPR bolt monitoring and control system and method for rock slope collapse disaster.

Background technique

At present, the commonly used management methods for collapse disasters are generally ordinary bolt reinforcement support and steel wire anchor mesh reinforcement support. Collapse disasters belong to large deformation disasters of rock mass, and most of the collapsed rock masses with greater threat are also large in volume. In the process of disaster formation, huge energy will be released, so the conventional bolt and bolt net support measures It is difficult to effectively support the jointed rock mass. The conventional bolt is made of low-carbon steel, which is a small deformation material. During the entire deformation process of the bolt, the ability to absorb the deformation of the rock mass is extremely limited, and eventually the bolt is broken due to large deformation and eventually fails. Ordinary flexible anchor nets are prone to break when subjected to large deformation and pressure. When collapse disasters occur, the impact resistance and energy absorption performance of common anchor nets are also poor. After losing the fixation and joint effect of the bolt, the flexible anchor net support is not enough to maintain the overall stability of the rock mass.

For the excessively large rock mass with potential collapse and disaster, blindly strengthening the support is not feasible in theory and technology. In order to avoid irreversible disasters caused by rock collapse to people's life and property safety, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of such rock masses and realize the forecasting function. However, the widely used monitoring and early warning methods are non-contact monitoring, mostly monitoring the surface displacement of rock mass or changes in the environment. This type of monitoring can achieve a wide range of deformation and displacement monitoring and analysis, but the accuracy of its monitoring and early warning is difficult to truly meet the needs of short-term early warning and forecasting of rock collapse. Because the content of its monitoring is a necessary but not sufficient condition for rock collapse, the early warning results obtained are empirical judgment results, which cannot accurately reflect the change of the internal force of the rock mass, and it is difficult to reflect the short-term movement trend of the rock mass.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an NPR bolt monitoring and control system and method for rock slope collapse disaster, which can not only control the rock mass collapse without collapse, effectively avoid the disaster caused by the rock mass collapse, but also effectively control and delay the The collapse disaster time of the rock mass provides more time for the evacuation of personnel and property.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

An NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster, the monitoring and control system includes: a flexible anchor net, which is laid on the surface of a rock mass with developed joints to prevent the scattered stones; Micro-NPR steel strands are braided, and the micro-NPR steel strands are made of NPR cold-rolled ribbed steel bars in the forging process by adding NPR micro-units to form dispersed particles and processed;

Specifically, the NPR micro-units are firstly determined by the bright and dark field of spherical aberration electron microscopy, and the second-phase nanoparticles with FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) are coherent with the matrix. ) face-centered cubic structure with a crystal constant of 0.82 nanometers; through the design of additives and smelting process, the nano-particles of the inclusions can be fine-grained, and the nanoparticles can be coherent with the matrix. The multi-coherent design of intragranular Luan crystal coherence and grain boundary coherence; coherent interface dislocations can re-interface sliding relative to incoherent interface. By increasing the coherent interface density in the material, the strength and strength of the flexible anchor network can be improved at the same time. toughness;

NPR bolts, there are multiple NPR bolts, and a plurality of NPR bolts are distributed on the rock mass with developed joints. The NPR bolt includes a bolt body, and one end of the bolt body passes through the rock mass with developed joints and is fixed on the stable rock mass The other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net;

The monitoring unit, which is installed on the bolt body, is used to monitor the axial force change of the bolt body in real time;

A base station, the communication connection between the base station and the monitoring unit is used to collect and send the data information monitored by the monitoring unit;

The monitoring center, the communication connection between the monitoring center and the base station, is used to receive the data information sent by the base station and observe the change of the axial force of the NPR anchor.

An NPR bolt monitoring and control method for rock slope collapse disaster, the monitoring and control method comprising the following steps:

In step 1, a drill hole is constructed on the rocky slope, and the depth of the drill hole passes through the jointed rock mass and extends into the stable rock mass;

Step 2, laying the flexible anchor net on the surface of the rock mass with developed joints;

Step 3, install the NPR anchor rod, one end of the NPR anchor rod extends to the bottom of the drilled hole, and the other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net;

Step 4, the monitoring unit is installed, the monitoring unit is installed on the NPR anchor rod, and communicates with the base station.

Beneficial effects:

The present invention proposes an NPR bolt monitoring and control system and method for rock slope collapse disaster. monitoring and reinforcement control functions. In terms of monitoring, before the rock mass disaster occurs, high-precision pressure sensors are used to monitor the change of the axial force of the bolt in real time and transmit it to the monitoring center. According to relevant practical engineering experience, before the occurrence of disasters such as landslides and collapses, the axial force of the bolt will increase significantly. At this time, it is necessary to assign staff to conduct on-site investigations to investigate the crack development status of the rock mass, and make disaster predictions based on the actual investigation. In terms of control, when the rock mass collapses, the rock mass undergoes large deformation to release the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, and the NPR bolt undergoes large structural deformation, but still maintains high constant resistance. It can be controlled by high-strength and high-tough flexible anchor net. For large-volume rock collapses, the present invention can effectively control and delay the collapse disaster time of the rock mass, providing more time for the evacuation of personnel and property. For smaller-volume rock collapses, the present invention can control the rock mass Collapse but not collapse, effectively avoid disasters caused by rock collapse.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of NPR bolt;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the combination of NPR anchor rod and flexible anchor net;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of NPR bolt support;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the flexible anchor net;

5 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring and control system;

Figure 6(a) is the schematic diagram 1 of the force and displacement change of the NPR anchor;

Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram 2 of the force and displacement changes of the NPR anchor;

Figure 6(c) is a schematic diagram 3 of the force and displacement change of the NPR bolt.

In the figure: 1. Bolt body; 2. Anchoring end; 3. Constant resistance casing; 4. Constant resistance body; 5. Tray; 6. Nut; 7. NPR bolt; 8. Rock mass with joint development; 9. Stable rock mass; 10. Flexible anchor net; 11. Pressure sensor; 12. Base station; 13. Communication satellite; 14. Monitoring center; 15. Client.

detailed description

Rock collapse often occurs in a short period of time and has a large volume. Often due to untimely evacuation, huge losses are caused to the lives and properties of the affected people. As shown in Figure 5, the present invention provides a rock slope collapse disaster. NPR bolt monitoring and control system, the monitoring and control system includes flexible bolt net, NPR bolt 7, monitoring unit, base station 12 and monitoring center 14, the flexible bolt net 10 is laid on the surface of the rock mass 8 with developed joints to prevent The crushed stones are scattered. For the scattered small rock blocks, the flexibility of the flexible anchor net 10 is used for auxiliary support. There are multiple NPR anchor rods 7, and the multiple NPR anchor rods 7 are distributed on the rock mass 8 with developed joints. The bolt 7 includes a bolt body 1, one end of the bolt body 1 passes through the rock mass 8 with joint development and is fixed on the stable rock body 9, and the other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net 10, and the monitoring unit is installed on the bolt body 1. , used to monitor the axial force change of the bolt body 1 in real time, the communication connection between the base station 12 and the monitoring unit is used to collect and send the data information monitored by the monitoring unit, the base station 12 is set on the top of the rock mass and placed on the In an open area, to ensure that data information can be transmitted in a timely and effective manner, the monitoring center 14 and the base station 12 communicate in real time through the communication satellite 13 to receive the data information sent by the base station 12 and observe the changes of the NPR anchor 7 .

The invention has both the monitoring and reinforcement control functions of the rock mass. Before the rock mass disaster occurs, the monitoring unit is used to monitor the change of the axial force of the NPR bolt 7 in real time, and the real-time monitoring data information is transmitted to the monitoring center 14. According to the Relevant practical engineering experience, before the occurrence of disasters such as landslides and collapses, the axial force of the NPR bolt 7 will increase significantly. At this time, it is necessary to assign staff to conduct on-site investigations to investigate the crack development status of the rock mass, and carry out investigations according to the actual situation. Catastrophe prediction, when the rock mass collapses, the rock mass undergoes large deformation to release the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the NPR bolt 7 undergoes large structural deformation, but still maintains a high constant resistance. In this process, the NPR bolt 7 absorbs a lot of energy , Loose gravel can be controlled by flexible anchor nets with high strength and high toughness. For large rock collapses, the invention can effectively control and delay the collapse disaster time of rock masses, and provide more evacuation for personnel and property. For small-volume rock collapse, the invention can control the rock collapse without collapse, and effectively avoid the disaster caused by the rock collapse.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4 , the flexible anchor mesh 10 in the present invention is woven from microscopic NPR steel strands, and the microscopic NPR steel strands are made of NPR cold-rolled ribbed steel bars and NPR micro-units are added during the forging process to form dispersed particles. , processed and manufactured; the NPR micro-unit is specifically, firstly, the two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles determined by the bright and dark field of spherical aberration electron microscope are coherent with the matrix, and further confirmed by nano-electron diffraction that the second-phase nanoparticles have FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) face-centered cubic structure with a crystal constant of 0.82 nm. Through the design of additives and smelting process, the nano-particles of the inclusions are made fine, and the nanoparticles are coherent with the matrix. Equal multiple coherent designs. Compared with the incoherent interface, the dislocation of the coherent interface can re-interface sliding. Therefore, by increasing the coherent interface density in the material, the strength and toughness of the flexible anchor mesh can be improved at the same time. The flexible anchor mesh 10 has high strength and high toughness, and can withstand large deformation. The diameter of the steel strand used in the flexible anchor net 10 in the embodiment of the present invention is not fixed, and an appropriate diameter of the steel strand can be selected according to the actual situation, and the flexible anchor net The weaving method of 10 is preferably a diamond weaving method. The diamond weaving method has a simple production process and a relatively uniform mesh, which can evenly withstand the energy released by the collapse of the rock mass, and has strong usability. Of course, in addition to the diamond weaving method, other forms of weaving. A form, such as a square, etc., can also be used, which is not further limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the NPR anchor rod 7 in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a constant resistance sleeve 3, a constant resistance body 4, a tray 5 and a nut 6, and the constant resistance body 4 is a hollow circular frustum type, and A through hole is provided along the vertical direction of the cross section of the constant resistance body 4, the bolt body 1 passes through the through hole, the constant resistance body 4 is installed in the constant resistance sleeve 3, and the tray 5 is annular and installed on the constant resistance sleeve 3. One end, the nut 6 is installed on one side of the tray 5, one end of the bolt body 1 passes through the tray 5 and the constant resistance body 4, and is anchored on the stable rock mass 9, and the other end is connected with the nut 6 to fix the NPR bolt 7 On the stable rock mass 9, the NPR anchor rod 7 can play its due anchoring role, and when the rock mass collapses, it maintains a high constant resistance and has the effect of absorbing energy. Carry out overall reinforcement, fix the jointed rock mass 8 on the deep stable rock mass 9, give full play to the extraordinary mechanical properties of the NPR bolt 7, and couple and strengthen the jointed rock mass in the form of group anchors, as shown in Figure 6(a) , As shown in Figure 6(b) and Figure 6(c), when the NPR bolt 7 is under force, elastic deformation occurs first, and the force-displacement curve of the NPR bolt 7 and the static tensile curve of the material of the bolt body 1 are completely Coincidence, when the force of the NPR anchor 7 reaches the design constant resistance value P ₀ , the NPR anchor 7 undergoes a large structural deformation, and maintains the constant resistance of P ₀ .

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the monitoring unit in the embodiment of the present invention includes a pressure sensor 11 . The pressure sensor 11 is sleeved on the bolt body 1 and is located between the tray 5 and the nut 6 , and the pressure sensor 11 is used for monitoring joints. The change of the force of the developed rock mass 8 and the stable rock mass 9, the pressure sensor 11 collects data at a certain time interval, and then collects the data to the base station 12, and finally the base station 12 transmits the data information to the monitoring center 14. The pressure sensor 11 is preferably High-precision pressure sensor, such as DJWX-34 type, etc., by adding high-precision pressure sensor 11 to the NPR bolt 7, an NPR intelligent sensing system is formed to monitor the force of the bolt body 1 and indirectly monitor the rock mass with joint development 8 and the change of force between the stable rock mass 9.

Further, the base station 12 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a storage module and a transmitting module, and the storage module is electrically connected to the monitoring unit, specifically electrically connected to the pressure sensor 11, for storing the data information monitored by the pressure sensor 11, and storing The module converts the electrical signal of the axial force change collected by the pressure sensor 11 into a digital signal, and the transmitting module and the storage module are electrically connected to transmit the data information stored in the storage module.

Further, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the monitoring and control system in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a power unit, and the power unit is electrically connected to the monitoring unit and the base station 12 for providing power to the monitoring unit and the base station 12 to ensure that the monitoring unit In normal operation with the base station 12, the power unit is preferably powered by solar energy and commercial power. Under the guarantee of dual power supply, it is ensured that the monitoring and control system can continue to work uninterruptedly and send rock mass change information in time.

Further, the monitoring center 14 in the embodiment of the present invention is also connected to the client 15 in communication, and the monitoring center 14 can send the observed data results to the client 15, so that the client 15 can know the changes of the rock slope in real time. In case of a large amount of rock collapse, the monitoring and control system can effectively control and delay the collapse disaster time of the rock mass, and provide more time for the evacuation of personnel and property. For small-volume rock collapse, the monitoring and control system can control the rock collapse without collapsing, and effectively avoid disasters caused by rock collapse.

The present invention also provides a method for monitoring and controlling an NPR bolt for rock slope collapse disaster. The monitoring and controlling method includes the following steps:

In step 1, a drill hole is constructed on the rock slope, and the depth of the drill hole passes through the joint-developed rock mass 7 and extends to the stable rock mass 9 .

Step 2, the flexible anchor net 10 is laid on the surface of the rock mass 7 with developed joints.

Step 3, install the NPR anchor rod 7, one end of the NPR anchor rod 7 is extended to the bottom of the borehole, and the other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net 10, which specifically includes:

Step 301, the constant resistance sleeve 3 is installed in the drilled hole.

In step 302 , one end of the bolt body 1 extends into the bottom of the borehole and is anchored, the constant resistance body 4 is installed in the constant resistance sleeve 3 , and the other end of the bolt body 1 passes through the constant resistance body 4 .

Step 303 , install the tray 5 , the pressure sensor 11 and the nut 6 in sequence at the drilled hole.

In step 4, the monitoring unit is installed, the monitoring unit is electrically connected to the reinforcement unit, and the base station 12 is communicatively connected.

Claims

An NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster, characterized in that the monitoring and control system includes:

The flexible anchor net, which is laid on the surface of the rock mass with developed joints, is used to prevent the scattering of gravel; the flexible anchor net is woven from microscopic NPR steel strands, and the microscopic NPR steel strands are cooled by NPR. Rolled ribbed steel bars are made by adding NPR micro-units during the forging process to form dispersed particles and processed;

The NPR micro-units are specifically: firstly, the two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles determined by the bright and dark field of the spherical aberration electron microscope are coherent with the matrix, and further determined by nano-electron diffraction that the second-phase nanoparticles have FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face- Centered Cubic) face-centered cubic structure with a crystal constant of 0.82 nanometers; through the design of additives and smelting processes, the inclusions are made nano-fine, and the nanoparticles are coherent with the matrix. At the same time, through design, on the basis of coherence of nanoparticles , to realize the multi-coherent design of intragranular Luan crystal coherence and grain boundary coherence; the coherent interface can re-interface sliding relative to the incoherent interface dislocation, and by increasing the coherent interface density in the material, the flexibility of the flexible anchor mesh can be improved at the same time. strength and toughness;

The NPR bolt is provided with a plurality of NPR bolts, and the plurality of NPR bolts are distributed on the jointed rock mass. The NPR bolt includes a bolt body, and one end of the bolt body passes through The joint develops a rock mass and is fixed on the stable rock mass, and the other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net;

a monitoring unit, which is installed on the rock bolt body and is used for real-time monitoring of changes in the axial force of the rock bolt body;

a base station, which is in communication connection with the monitoring unit, and is used for collecting and sending data information monitored by the monitoring unit;

A monitoring center, which is in communication connection with the base station, for receiving data information sent by the base station, and observing changes in the axial force of the NPR anchor.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 1, characterized in that, the micro-NPR steel strand braiding method is a diamond braiding method.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 1, wherein the NPR bolt unit further comprises a constant resistance sleeve, a constant resistance body, a tray and a nut;

The constant resistance body is a hollow circular truncated shape, and a through hole is provided along the vertical direction of the cross section of the constant resistance body, the constant resistance body is installed in the constant resistance sleeve, and the tray is annular and installed in the constant resistance sleeve. One end of the constant resistance sleeve, the nut is installed on one side of the tray, one end of the anchor rod body passes through the through hole on the tray and the constant resistance body, and is anchored on the stable On the rock mass, the other end is connected with the nut.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring unit comprises a pressure sensor;

The pressure sensor is sleeved in the circumferential direction of the bolt body and is located between the tray and the nut, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the change of the force of the jointed rock mass and the stable rock mass .
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 1, wherein the base station comprises a storage module and a launch module;

The storage module is electrically connected to the monitoring unit for storing data information monitored by the monitoring unit;

The transmitting module and the storage module are electrically connected to transmit data information stored by the storage module.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and control system further comprises a power unit;

The electric power unit is electrically connected to the monitoring unit and the base station, and is used for providing power to the monitoring unit and the base station to ensure that the monitoring unit and the base station work normally.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control system for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring center is also connected to a client through communication, and the monitoring center can send the observed data information to the client It is convenient for the client to understand the changes of the rock slope in real time.
A kind of NPR bolt monitoring and control method of rock slope collapse disaster using the NPR bolt monitoring and control system of rock slope collapse disaster described in any one of claims 1-7, it is characterized in that, The monitoring and control method includes the following steps:

Step 1, constructing a borehole on the rocky side slope, the depth of the borehole passes through the joint-developed rock mass and extends into the stable rock mass;

Step 2, laying the flexible anchor net on the surface of the rock mass with developed joints;

Step 3, install NPR anchor rod, one end of the NPR anchor rod extends into the bottom of the drilled hole, and the other end is fixedly connected with the flexible anchor net;

Step 4, install a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit is installed on the NPR anchor rod, and communicates with the base station.
The NPR bolt monitoring and control method for rock slope collapse disaster according to claim 8, wherein the step 3 specifically includes:

Step 301, install a constant resistance sleeve in the drilled hole;

In step 302, one end of the bolt body extends into the bottom of the drilled hole and is anchored, and the other end is sleeved with a constant resistance body, and the constant resistance body is installed in the constant resistance sleeve;

Step 303 , install the tray, the monitoring unit and the nut in sequence at the drilled hole.