JP7218982B2 - Monitoring and control system and method for rocky slope failure disaster - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention belongs to the technical field of geological hazard control, and specifically relates to a rocky slope failure hazard monitoring and control system and method.

At present, the usual management methods for collapse disasters are the reinforcement support with ordinary anchor rods and the reinforcement support with wire anchor nets. Collapse disaster belongs to the disaster of large deformation of the rock body, and most of the threatening collapsed rock bodies have a large volume, and in the process of becoming a disaster, a huge amount of energy is released. However, it is difficult to effectively support jointed rock bodies. The conventional anchor rod adopts low carbon steel, which belongs to the material of small deformation, and in the entire deformation process of the anchor rod, the ability to absorb the deformation of the rock body is extremely limited, and finally the anchor rod will generate large deformation. ruptures and eventually loses its effectiveness. Ordinary flexible anchor nets are prone to rupture when subjected to large deformation and pressure, and the impact resistance and energy absorption performance of ordinary anchor nets is relatively low when collapsing disasters occur. Even flexible anchor net supports are insufficient to maintain the overall stability of the rock mass after the anchor rods have lost their fixation and coordination.

It is theoretically and technically unfeasible to simply reinforce supports for rocks that are too large in volume and have the potential to cause collapse disasters. In order to avoid irreparable damage to people's life and property safety caused by rock collapse, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of such rock bodies and realize the function of forecasting. However, the currently widely applied monitoring and alarm means are non-contact monitoring, which often monitor surface displacement of rock bodies or changes in the environment. Although this type of monitoring can achieve a wider range of deformation and displacement monitoring analysis, its monitoring and alarm accuracy is difficult to truly meet the demand for short-term early warning forecasting of rock failures. be. Since the contents of the monitoring belong to necessary and insufficient conditions for rock collapse, the obtained early warning results are the results of judging based on experience. It is difficult to reflect short-term exercise tendencies.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a monitoring and control system and method for rocky slope failure disasters, so that even if rocks collapse, they will not collapse, effectively avoiding disasters caused by rock failures. Not only can it be controlled, but it can also effectively control and delay rock collapse disaster time, providing more time for personnel and property evacuation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical proposals.

A rocky slope failure monitoring and control system, wherein the monitoring and control system is a flexible anchor net laid on the surface of a joint development rock mass to prevent crushed stones from scattering. , The flexible anchor net is manufactured by adding NPR micro-units to NPR cold-rolled ribbed reinforcing bars in the forging process, and processing the particles of the NPR micro-units dispersed in the NPR cold-rolled ribbed reinforcing bars . Knitted with micro NPR steel strands,
Specifically, the NPR microunit first confirms that the two -phase 2-5 nanometer particles and the substrate are in a coherent state by bright field and dark field of a spherical aberration electron microscope, and then Two-phase 2-5 nm particles were obtained by nano-electron diffraction, confirming that they have an FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) face-centered cubic structure, with a lattice constant of 0.82 nm. Yes, by designing additives and smelting processes, inclusions are made into nano-sized particles to achieve a coherent state between two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles and the substrate, and by design, nanoparticles are made coherent. In addition, a multiple coherent state of intracrystalline bicrystal coherence and grain boundary coherence is realized, and slip occurs at the interface for dislocations at the coherent interface to the non-coherent interface, resulting in NPR cold-rolled ribs . a flexible anchor net that improves the coherent interfacial density in the attached rebar and increases the strength and toughness of the flexible anchor net;
One end of the anchor rod penetrates the jointed rock body and is fixed to the stable rock body, and the other end of the anchor rod body is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net and distributed in the jointed rock body. an NPR anchor rod that
a monitoring unit attached to the anchor rod body for monitoring changes in axial force of the anchor rod body in real time;
a base station communicatively connected to the monitoring unit for collecting and transmitting data information monitored by the monitoring unit;
a monitoring center communicatively connected to the base station for receiving data information transmitted from the base station and for observing axial force change conditions of the NPR anchor rod.

A method for monitoring and controlling a rocky slope failure disaster, the monitoring and controlling method comprising:
Step 1 of drilling in the lithological slope to obtain a borehole extending through the jointed rock body and into the stable rock body ;
step 2, wherein the flexible anchor net is laid on the surface of the jointed rock body;
Step 3: installing the NPR anchor rod such that one end of the NPR anchor rod extends to the bottom of said borehole and the other end of the NPR anchor rod is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net;
attaching a monitoring unit to the NPR anchor rod so as to be communicatively connected to the base station ;

Beneficial effects are:

The present invention provides a system and method for monitoring and controlling NPR anchor rods for rocky slope failure countermeasures, and the rocky slope failure monitoring and control technology based on NPR anchor rods and NPR steel strands is Combines monitoring and reinforcement control functions for the body. From the monitoring point of view, before the rock disaster occurs, the high-precision pressure sensor is used to monitor the axial force change of the NPR anchor rod in real time and transmit it to the monitoring center. Based on the related actual construction experience, the axial force of the anchor rod increased significantly before disasters such as landslides and collapses occurred. It is necessary to conduct disaster forecast based on the actual survey situation. From the control point of view, when the rock body collapses, large deformation occurs in the rock body to release the surrounding rock deformation energy, and large structural deformation occurs in the NPR anchor rod, but still has a high constant resistance. , this process absorbs a large amount of energy and the loosened crushed stone can be controlled by a flexible anchor net with high strength and high toughness. For rock collapses with relatively large volumes, the present invention can effectively control and delay the collapse disaster time of rock bodies, providing more time for personnel and property evacuation, and with relatively small volumes. With respect to the rock collapse, the present invention can control the rock not to collapse even if it collapses, and can effectively avoid the disaster caused by the rock collapse.

1 is a schematic diagram of an NPR anchor rod; FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a combination of NPR anchor rods and flexible anchor nets; FIG. 10 is a schematic of an NPR anchor rod support; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a flexible anchor net; 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring and control system; FIG. (a) is a schematic diagram 1 of force receiving and displacement change of an NPR anchor rod; (b) is a schematic diagram 2 of the force receiving and displacement change of the NPR anchor rod; (c) is a schematic diagram 3 of the force receiving and displacement change of the NPR anchor rod;

Lithic collapse often causes disasters in a short period of time, is large in volume, and cannot be evacuated in time. Provide a monitoring and control system for NPR anchor rods for countermeasures against slope failure disasters, including flexible anchor nets, NPR anchor rods 7, monitoring units, base stations 12, and monitoring centers 14. , The flexible anchor net 10 is laid on the surface of the jointed rock body 8 to prevent the scattering of crushed stones, and the flexibility of the flexible anchor net 10 is used for crushed small rock masses. Supporting it, a plurality of NPR anchor rods 7 are provided, the plurality of NPR anchor rods 7 are distributed in the jointed rock body 8, the NPR anchor rod 7 includes an anchor rod body 1, one end of the anchor rod body 1 is Through the jointed rock body 8 and fixed to the stable rock body 9, the other end of the anchor rod body 1 is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net 10, the monitoring unit is attached to the anchor rod body 1, and the anchor rod body 1 The base station 12 is communicatively connected to the monitoring unit, collects and transmits the monitored data information to the monitoring unit, and the base station 12 is installed on the top of the rock body. , and located in an open area to ensure timely and effective transmission of data information, the monitoring center 14 communicates with the base station 12 in real time through the communication satellite 13, and the base station 12 transmits receive the data information sent and observe the changing situation of the NPR anchor rod 7; Note that NPR means a negative Poisson's ratio, where ν<0, where ν is the Poisson's ratio. The NRP anchor rod 7 means an anchor rod mixed with NPR microunits, which is a material having NPR as a material.

The present invention has both monitoring and reinforcement control functions for rock bodies, and uses the monitoring unit to monitor changes in the axial force of the NPR anchor rods 7 in real time before rock disasters occur. The data information is transmitted to the monitoring center 14, and according to the relevant actual construction experience, before the disaster such as landslide and collapse occurs, the axial force of the NPR anchor rod 7 will increase significantly, and at this time the operator will It is necessary to entrust the investigation, investigate the progress of cracks in the rock body, and make a disaster forecast based on the actual investigation situation. Large structural deformation occurs in the NPR anchor rods 7 while releasing the rock deformation, but still maintains a high constant resistance, in this process, the NPR anchor rods 7 absorb a large amount of energy and loosen crushed stone. can be controlled by a high-strength and high-toughness flexible anchor net, and for rock collapses with relatively large volumes, the present invention can effectively control and delay the rock collapse disaster time, Providing more time for the evacuation of personnel and property, for relatively small-volume rocky collapses, the present invention can effectively avoid disasters caused by rock collapses by controlling the collapse of the rocks to prevent them from collapsing. can do.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4 , the flexible anchor net 10 of the present invention is obtained by adding NPR micro units to the NPR cold-rolled ribbed reinforcing bars in the forging process, and the particles of the NPR micro-units are added to the NPR cold-rolled ribbed steel bars. It is braided with micro NPR steel strands that are processed and manufactured in a dispersed state within the rebar . For the NPR microunits , we first confirmed the coherence between the two-phase 2-5 nm particles and the substrate by bright-field and dark-field spherical aberration electron microscopy, and then confirmed the two-phase 2 by nanoelectron diffraction. Confirming that the nanometer particles of the second phase in the -5 nanometer particles have an FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of 0.82 nm. do. For the NPR microunits, the inclusions are made nano-sized by designing the additive and the smelting process to realize a coherent state between the two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles and the substrate, and by designing, After making nanometer particles into a coherent state , multiple coherent states such as intracrystalline bicrystal coherent and grain boundary coherent are realized. Since the coherent interface can slip at the interface relative to the non-coherent interface, the coherent interface density in the material can be improved, and the strength and toughness of the flexible anchor net 10 can be improved. The flexible anchor net 10 has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness and resistance to large deformation, prevents crushed stones from scattering, and plays a role of supplementary reinforcement. The diameter of the steel strand wire used in the flexible anchor net 10 in the embodiment of the present invention is not fixed, and the appropriate diameter of the steel strand wire can be selected according to the actual situation. The knitting method of the net 10 is a diamond knitting method . The rhomboid knitting method has a simple manufacturing process, a relatively uniform mesh, can uniformly receive the energy released from the rock collapse, and is convenient to use . Of course, other types of knitting schemes (eg, square, etc.) can be used besides the diamond knitting scheme, and are not further limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the NPR anchor rod 7 in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a constant resistance sleeve 3, a constant resistance body 4, a tray 5, a nut 6, and a constant resistance The body 4 has a hollow trapezoidal shape, and a through hole is provided along the vertical direction of the cross section of the constant resistance body 4, the anchor rod body 1 passes through the through hole, and the constant resistance body 4 is a constant resistance Mounted within the sleeve 3 , the tray 5 is annular and mounted on one end of the constant resistance sleeve 3 , the nut 6 is mounted on one end of the tray 5 , and one end of the anchor rod body 1 connects the tray 5 and the constant resistance body 4 . and anchored to the stable rock body 9, the other end of the anchor rod body 1 is connected to the nut 6, the NPR anchor rod 7 is fixed to the stable rock body 9, and the NPR anchor rod 7 has the original anchor effect and when the rock body collapses, it maintains a high and constant resistance, has the effect of energy absorption, and utilizes the NPR anchor rod 7 to provide overall reinforcement to the rock body and jointing. The rock body 8 is fixed to the deep stable rock body 9, and the extraordinary mechanical performance of the NPR anchor rod 7 is fully demonstrated, and the jointed rock body is connected and reinforced by the group anchor method, as shown in Fig. 6(a). ), as shown in FIGS. 6(b) and 6(c), when the NPR anchor rod 7 receives a force, it first generates elastic deformation, and the corresponding step force displacement curve of the NPR anchor rod 7 and the anchor rod body The static tensile curves of the materials of 1 are completely overlapped, and when the force bearing of the NPR anchor rod 7 reaches the designed constant resistance value P0, a large structural deformation occurs in the NPR anchor rod 7, and the constant P0 maintain resistance.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the monitoring unit in the embodiment of the present invention includes a pressure sensor 11, which is fitted on the anchor rod body 1 and located between the tray 5 and the nut 6. The pressure sensor 11 monitors changes in the force acting on the NRP anchor rod 7 from the jointed rock body 8 and the stable rock body 9, and the pressure sensor 11 collects data once at regular time intervals. After that, the data is aggregated in the base station 12, and finally the base station 12 transmits the data information to the monitoring center. , the NPR anchor rod 7 is equipped with a high-precision pressure sensor 11 to form an NPR smart sensor system, which monitors the force received by the anchor rod body 1 and detects the force between the jointed rock body 8 and the stable rock body 9. Indirectly monitor changes in force.

Further, the base station 12 in an embodiment of the present invention includes a storage module and a transmission module, the storage module electrically connected to the monitoring unit, specifically electrically connected to the pressure sensor 11, to The data information monitored by the sensor 11 is stored, the storage module converts the electrical signal of the axial force change collected by the pressure sensor 11 into a digital signal, the transmission module is electrically connected to the storage module, and stores the This is for transmitting the data information stored in the module.

Furthermore, in order to ensure normal operation of the system, the monitoring and control system in the embodiment of the present invention includes a power unit electrically connected to the monitoring unit and base station 12 to power supply to the station 12 to ensure that the monitoring unit and the base station 12 work normally; the power unit is preferably powered by solar energy and commercial power; and ensure that the control system continues to work continuously, and timely transmit rock body change information.
Further, the monitoring center 14 in the embodiment of the present invention is further communicatively connected to the client terminal 15, the monitoring center 14 can transmit the observed data information to the client terminal 15, and the client terminal 15 This monitoring and control system can effectively control and delay the rock collapse disaster time for relatively large-volume rocky collapse, Provides more time for evacuation of personnel and property. For relatively small volume of rock collapse, this monitoring and control system can control the collapse of the rock body to prevent it from collapsing, effectively avoiding the disaster caused by the rock collapse.

The present invention further provides a method for monitoring and controlling a rocky slope failure hazard, the monitoring and controlling method comprising:
Step 1 of drilling in the lithological slope to obtain a borehole extending through the jointed rock body and into the stable rock body ;
Step 2, in which the flexible anchor net 10 is laid on the surface of the jointed rock body;
Step 3 of installing the NPR anchor rod 7, one end of the NPR anchor rod 7 extends to the bottom of the drill hole, and the other end of the NPR anchor rod 7 is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net 10, specifically:
step 301 of attaching the constant resistance sleeve 3 to the NPR anchor rod 7 installed in the borehole;
A step 302 of anchoring one end of the anchor rod body 1 to the bottom of the drill hole, the constant resistor 4 being installed in the constant resistance sleeve 3, and the other end of the anchor rod body 1 passing through the constant resistor 4;
Drilling includes step 303 of sequentially installing tray 5, pressure sensor 11 and nut 6, step 3;
attaching 4 the monitoring unit to the NRP anchor rod 7 so as to be electrically connected to the reinforcement unit and communicatively connected to the base station 12;
including.

1 anchor rod body 2 anchor end 3 constant resistance sleeve 4 constant resistance body
5 Tray 6 Nut 7 NPR Anchor Rod 8 Jointed Rock 9 Stable Rock 10 Flexible Anchor Net 11 Pressure Sensor 12 Base Station 13 Communication Satellite 14 Monitoring Center 15 Client Terminal

Claims (9)

A flexible anchor net laid on the surface of a jointed rock body to prevent crushed stones from scattering, wherein the flexible anchor net is formed by adding NPR micro units to NPR cold-rolled ribbed reinforcing bars in the forging process. The NPR micro-units are composed of micro-NPR steel strands fabricated by processing with the grains of the units dispersed within the NPR cold-rolled ribbed rebar, the NPR micro-units comprising two-phase 2-5 nanometer grains and a substrate. wherein the two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles and the substrate are in a coherent state, and wherein the second-phase nanometer particles in the two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles are FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) has a face-centered cubic structure, a lattice constant of 0.82 nanometers , and the coherent states include intracrystalline bicrystalline coherent and grain boundary coherent. the flexible anchor net being in a coherent state ;
One end of the anchor rod penetrates the jointed rock body and is fixed to the stable rock body, and the other end of the anchor rod body is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net to form the jointed rock. an NPR anchor rod distributed in the body ;
a monitoring unit attached to the anchor rod body for monitoring changes in axial force of the anchor rod body in real time;
a base station communicatively connected to the monitoring unit for collecting and transmitting data information monitored by the monitoring unit;
a monitoring center communicatively connected to the base station, receiving the data information transmitted from the base station, and observing the axial force change situation of the NPR anchor rod;
A rocky slope failure monitoring and control system characterized by: The knitting method of the flexible anchor net is a diamond knitting method,
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the NPR anchor rod further includes a constant resistance sleeve, a constant resistance body, a tray and a nut;
The constant resistor has a hollow trapezoidal shape, and a through hole is provided along the vertical direction of the cross section of the constant resistor, the constant resistor is mounted in the constant resistor sleeve, and the tray includes: , an annular shape and attached to one end of the constant resistance sleeve, the nut is attached to one of the trays, one end of the anchor rod passes through the tray and the constant resistance through hole, and the stable anchored to a rock body, and the other end of the anchor rod body is connected to the nut;
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor;
The pressure sensor is installed circumferentially on the anchor rod body and located between the tray and the nut, the pressure sensor being adapted to detect the pressure from the jointed rock body and the stable rock body to the NPR anchor rod . monitor changes in the force acting on the
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the base station includes a storage module and a transmission module;
the storage module is electrically connected to the monitoring unit and stores data information monitored by the monitoring unit;
the transmission module is electrically connected to the storage module and transmits data information stored in the storage module to the monitoring center ;
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring and control system further comprising a power unit;
the power unit is electrically connected to the monitoring unit and the base station to supply power to the monitoring unit and the base station to ensure that the monitoring unit and the base station operate normally;
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring center is further communicatively connected to a client terminal and transmits observed data information to the client terminal ;
The rocky slope failure monitoring and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using the NPR anchor rod monitoring and control system for rocky slope collapse disaster countermeasures according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Step 1 of drilling in the lithological slope to obtain a borehole extending through the jointed rock body and into the stable rock body ;
Step 2, wherein the flexible anchor net is laid on the surface of the jointed rock mass;
installing the NPR anchor rod such that one end of the NPR anchor rod extends to the bottom of the borehole and the other end of the NPR anchor rod is fixedly connected to the flexible anchor net;
attaching the monitoring unit to the NPR anchor rod so as to be communicatively connected to a base station ;
including,
A method for monitoring and controlling a rocky slope failure disaster characterized by: The step 3 is
step 301, attaching a constant resistance sleeve to the NPR anchor rod installed in the bore;
step 302, anchoring one end of the anchor rod body to the bottom of the bore, and attaching a hollow trapezoidal constant resistance body to the constant resistance sleeve at the other end of the anchor rod body;
sequentially attaching an annular tray, the monitoring unit and a nut to one end of the constant resistance sleeve;
The method for monitoring and controlling a rocky slope failure disaster according to claim 8, characterized in that:

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