CN112228132A - Flexible isolation structure of cross-section tunnel and rock mass large deformation control method - Google Patents
Flexible isolation structure of cross-section tunnel and rock mass large deformation control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112228132A CN112228132A CN202010983013.0A CN202010983013A CN112228132A CN 112228132 A CN112228132 A CN 112228132A CN 202010983013 A CN202010983013 A CN 202010983013A CN 112228132 A CN112228132 A CN 112228132A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible isolation structure penetrating a fault tunnel and a rock mass large deformation control method, wherein the flexible isolation structure comprises a giant NPR (non-point-stress) anchor cable, a monitoring unit and a collecting unit, and the giant NPR anchor cable comprises a bearing plate, an anchorage device and an anchor cable; the method comprises the steps of S1, directly drilling a hole in a shallow tunnel buried section from the ground surface or excavating a set space region from the ground surface and then arranging an NPR anchor rope, and excavating a guide hole in a deep tunnel buried section from the inside to the outside of the tunnel, S2, carrying out supporting construction on the space region, S3, placing a giant NPR anchor rope after the giant NPR anchor rope penetrates through the fault, and S4, anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor rope. According to the invention, the strong activity geological area is subjected to three-dimensional stitching through constructing the huge NPR anchor cable, so that the purpose of locking the area is achieved, and monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control of the tunnel passing through the strong activity geological area is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of strong-mobility engineering rock mass large deformation control, and particularly relates to a flexible isolation structure of a cross-section tunnel and a rock mass large deformation control method.
Background
The large deformation disaster cases of rock mass generated in tunnel engineering construction of a strong active geological area are frequent, and the large deformation disaster cases are an international problem which puzzles mountain roads, railway tunnels and underground space engineering. International such as european saint-golda baseline tunnel, american claremot water delivery tunnel, turkish Bolu railway tunnel, etc., domestic such as new blue railway wushaling tunnel, adult blue railway persimmon garden tunnel, tunnel along tibetan railway, etc., all have tunnel surrounding rock large deformation of different degrees and different forms, tunnel surrounding rock deformation of crossing the active fault area is more serious, which causes great difficulty to tunnel construction and brings serious potential safety hazard.
In the aspect of control research on large deformation disasters of tunnel surrounding rocks, scholars at home and abroad carry out a large number of theories, model experiments and field test researches, and the large deformation disaster control technology is well developed, but the research on the aspect of controlling large deformation disasters of the tunnel surrounding rocks in a strong-activity geological area, particularly controlling large deformation of the surrounding rocks in a meter level and a meter level is still blank. The technical problem of controlling the large deformation of tunnel surrounding rocks in the cross fault and the cross active fault area breaks through the theoretical level which is followed in the prior art in the field of tunnel engineering, and no reference case exists in the investigation design.
Therefore, it is required to provide a method for controlling the large deformation disaster of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, which can be used for crossing the geological area with strong activity, especially crossing the active fault area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible isolation structure of a cross-section tunnel and a rock mass large deformation control method, which realize monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control on a tunnel through strong activity geological region.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a flexible isolation structure for a cross-sectional tunnel, which comprises: the huge NPR anchor rope, huge NPR anchor rope passes the fault, the both ends of huge NPR anchor rope are located the both sides of fault respectively, huge NPR anchor rope structure includes: a bearing plate, an anchorage device and an anchor cable; the anchor is of a columnar solid structure, a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the vertical direction of the cross section of the anchor, one anchor cable penetrates through each through hole, the anchor is installed at one end of each anchor cable and used for locking the anchor cable, the bearing plate is annular and installed at a drilling hole, and the anchor abuts against the bearing plate; the monitoring unit is arranged between the anchorage device and the bearing plate and used for monitoring the axial force of the giant NPR anchor cable and the relative displacement of a fault; and the acquisition unit is electrically connected with the monitoring unit and is used for acquiring the data information monitored by the monitoring unit and transmitting the data information to the mobile terminal.
According to the flexible isolation structure of the cross-sectional tunnel, as a preferable scheme, the monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber and a mechanical sensor; the mechanical sensor is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the anchor cable and arranged between the bearing plate and the anchorage device, the optical fiber is bound with the anchor cable, one end of the optical fiber penetrates through a fault along with the anchor cable, and the other end of the optical fiber is connected with the acquisition unit; the mechanical sensor is used for monitoring the axial force of the anchor cable, and the optical fiber is used for monitoring the relative displacement of the fault; the cross section of the anchor is circular, and the cross section of the bearing plate is larger than that of the anchor and larger than that of the mechanical sensor.
According to the above flexible isolation structure for a cross-sectional tunnel, as a preferable aspect, the collecting unit includes: the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the mechanical sensor and used for converting the axial force monitored by the mechanical sensor into an electric signal; the data storage module is used for processing and storing the data information obtained by the data acquisition module; and the data transmitting module is electrically connected with the data storage module and is used for transmitting the stored data information to the mobile terminal.
According to the above flexible isolation structure for a cross-sectional tunnel, as a preferable aspect, the collecting unit further includes: an optical fiber moderator; the optical fiber modem is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit, and the optical fiber modem is connected with the optical fiber and used for converting optical signals into electric signals.
According to the flexible isolation structure of the cross-sectional tunnel, as a preferred scheme, the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem are placed in a closed cavity, the closed cavity is arranged on the outer side of the giant NPR anchor cable, and the closed cavity is used for protecting the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem and avoiding being damaged by external force;
preferably, the material of the closed cavity is wood or metal.
According to the flexible isolation structure of the cross-section tunnel, as a preferable scheme, the anchor cable is formed by adding NPR micro units into NPR cold-rolled ribbed steel bars in the forging process to form dispersed particles and carrying out spiral processing.
The invention also provides a method for controlling large deformation of a rock mass by using the flexible isolation structure penetrating through the fault tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, directly drilling a hole from the ground surface of the tunnel shallow buried section penetrating the fracture area or excavating a set space area from the ground surface, and then laying a giant NPR anchor cable, and excavating a pilot tunnel from the inside to the outside of the tunnel in the tunnel deep buried section;
step S2, after the pilot tunnel excavation is finished, obtaining a space area for giant NPR anchor cable construction, and performing support construction in the space area around the tunnel body;
step S3, constructing in a space area, and placing the giant NPR anchor cable after penetrating through a fault;
and step S4, anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable which is placed completely.
According to the above method for controlling large deformation of a rock body by using a flexible isolation structure penetrating through a fault tunnel, as a preferable scheme, the step S3 specifically includes:
step S301, drilling construction is carried out in the direction intersecting the fault to obtain a drilled hole;
step S302, placing the giant NPR anchor cable in a drill hole;
step S303, filling an anchoring agent into the drilled hole, and anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable;
and S304, manufacturing an anchor pier at the drilling hole, and sequentially installing a bearing plate, a monitoring unit, an anchor and an acquisition unit.
According to the method for controlling large deformation of the rock mass by using the flexible isolation structure of the cross-sectional tunnel, as a preferable scheme, the anchoring agent material used for anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable in the step S4 is a material with elastic energy absorption property;
preferably, the material with elastic energy absorption property is repairable concrete.
According to the method for controlling the large deformation of the rock mass by using the flexible isolation structure penetrating the fault tunnel, as a preferable scheme, the length of the giant NPR anchor cable is 60-100 m.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a flexible isolation structure of a cross-section tunnel and a rock mass large deformation control method.
After the cross-section tunnel section is excavated, the construction of a flexible isolation supporting structure is carried out in the space around the tunnel body, the flexible isolation structure consists of a giant NPR anchor cable which can adapt to large deformation of an engineering rock mass and can absorb deformation energy of the rock mass and repairable concrete with elastic energy absorption characteristic, when the fault area is dislocated due to the movement of the geological structure, most of the huge energy generated by the deformation of the fault area of the tunnel surrounding rock is absorbed by the flexible isolation structure, compared with other fault penetrating or movable fault penetrating monitoring devices which only have a monitoring function or supporting structures which only have a supporting function, the invention can realize monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control on the peripheral area of the tunnel, creatively provides a three-dimensional stitching technology, utilizes an increment control principle to achieve the purpose of locking the area, the purpose of controlling the meter-level deformation of the rock mass of the tunnel engineering to the centimeter-level deformation range can be realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a giant NPR anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a tunnel flexible isolation structure passing through a layer in an embodiment of the invention; (ii) a
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flexible isolation structure of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure for disaster control of a strike-and-slip fault in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a damaged levorotatory slip fault in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a right-handed slip fault after being destroyed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a forward/reverse fault disaster control in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a damaged positive fault in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a damaged reverse fault in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a positional relationship among the structures of deep stitching in the example of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a tunnel; 2. a left disc; 3. giant NPR anchor cable; 4. a right disc; 5. an anchor cable; 6. a carrier plate; 7. an anchorage device; 8. a mechanical sensor; 9. a rock mass; 10. hanging the plate; 11. a bottom wall; 12. fault breaking; 13. and (6) guiding the holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments, it being noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflict.
After construction and excavation of a cross-section tunnel section, flexible isolation supporting construction is carried out in the space around the tunnel body (within a hectometer diameter range) and the space in a farther area (outside the hectometer diameter range), supporting materials used by the flexible isolation structure are composed of giant anchor cable materials which can adapt to large deformation of engineering rock masses, absorb deformation energy of the rock masses, have a negative poisson ratio effect and provide constant resistance and repairable concrete with elastic energy absorption characteristics, when the cross-section area is dislocated due to movement of a geological structure, most of the giant energy generated by the dislocation and deformation of the tunnel surrounding rocks is absorbed by the flexible isolation structure, and therefore the meter-scale deformation amount of the tunnel engineering rock masses is controlled to be within a centimeter-scale deformation amount range. Specifically, the method comprises three modes of 'shallow part sewing', 'deep part sewing' and 'compound sewing', wherein the 'shallow part sewing' refers to that when the buried depth of the tunnel is in the shallow part of the stratum (the shallow part refers to a depth range in which tunnel surrounding rock is not or rarely plastically damaged under the buried depth condition), the giant anchor cable material is constructed from the ground, and the space of the tunnel penetrating through the movable fault area is sewn; the 'deep part stitching' means that when the tunnel burial depth is in the deep part of the stratum (the deep part refers to a depth range in which tunnel surrounding rock generates obvious plastic damage under the burial depth condition), firstly, a pilot hole is constructed from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, and then giant anchor cable materials are constructed in the pilot hole space to stitch the regional space of the movable fault; the 'double-sewing' refers to a support form combining two modes according to the actual conditions of the buried depth of the tunnel and the area of the stratum where the tunnel is located.
The invention provides a flexible isolation structure penetrating a fault tunnel, as shown in figure 1, the flexible isolation structure comprises a huge NPR anchor cable 3, a monitoring unit and a collecting unit, the huge NPR anchor cable 3 penetrates a fault 12, two ends of the huge NPR anchor cable are arranged at two sides of the fault 12, the huge NPR anchor cable 3 structure in the embodiment of the invention comprises a bearing plate 6, an anchor 7 and an anchor cable 5, the bearing plate 6 is an annular plane solid structure, the shape can be rectangular, square, circular and the like, all the anchor cables 5 penetrate an annular hole in the middle of the bearing plate 6 and extend into a drill hole, the annular hole on the bearing plate 6 corresponds to the size of the hole opening of the drill hole, optionally, the bearing plate 6 is made of an iron plate with a certain thickness, the specific thickness is set according to the actual situation on site, the bearing plate 6 is arranged between a mechanical sensor 8 and an anchor pier to prevent the mechanical, the cross section of the bearing plate 6 is larger than that of the mechanical sensor 8, so that the rigidity of a material for transmitting force between the mechanical sensor 8 and the anchor pier is larger, the cross section of the bearing plate 6 is larger than that of the mechanical sensor 8, so that the pressure distribution of the mechanical sensor 8 on the anchor pier is more uniform, stress concentration is avoided, optionally, the anchor 7 is of a flat cylindrical solid structure, the anchor 7 is abutted against the bearing plate 6, a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the cross section of the anchor 7, a plurality of anchor cables 5 respectively penetrate through the plurality of through holes, namely, an anchor cable 5 is installed in one through hole, the anchor 7 is installed at the tail end of the anchor cable 5, a conical clamping piece is plugged into the through holes through tensioning the anchor cables 5, the anchor cables 5 and the conical clamping piece are matched for use, the anchoring effect can be exerted in the through holes, the anchor cables 5 are locked, and forming dispersed particles, wherein the NPR micro unit is specifically that two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles determined by a spherical aberration electron microscope bright-dark field are coherent with a matrix, and further that second-phase nanoparticles have an FCC face-centered cubic structure and a crystal constant of 0.82 nanometer is determined by nanometer electron diffraction. Through the design of the additive and the smelting process, the nano fine grains of the inclusions are refined, the nano particles are compatible with the matrix, and meanwhile, through the design, multiple coherent designs such as intra-crystal goldenrain crystal coherence and crystal boundary coherence are realized on the basis of the nanoparticle coherence. The coherent interface can slide relative to the non-coherent interface dislocation, so that the strength and toughness of the anchor cable 5 can be improved by improving the density of the coherent interface in the material; meanwhile, the hot-rolled disc is manufactured by spiral processing, so that an anchor cable made of special novel materials with the characteristics of high constant resistance, high yield and maximum force elongation rate is obtained, the anchor cable is called as a microscopic anchor cable, and the control of large deformation is realized by depending on the properties of the anchor cable material; the hot rolling wire rod is the minor diameter round steel that becomes the dish, will make single anchor rope 5 with many minor diameter round steel through spiral processing technology, theoretically, used minor diameter round steel is more, and anchor rope 5 tensile strength is higher. The method is characterized in that a special cold-rolling torsion machine is used for straightening, cold-drawing, cold-rolling and cold-twisting specific hot-rolled disc strips according to specified process parameters, the cold-strengthened steel bars are formed in a continuous spiral mode through one-step machining, namely, the anchor ropes 5 with high constant resistance and high yield are obtained, a monitoring unit is arranged on the outer side of a giant NPR anchor rope 3 and connected with optical fibers and a high-precision mechanical sensor 8 and used for monitoring the axial force of the giant NPR anchor rope 3 and the relative displacement of a fault 12, the acquisition unit is electrically connected with the monitoring unit and used for acquiring, processing and storing data and sending the stored data to a mobile terminal in real time, and monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control of the tunnel 1 passing through a strong-activity geological area is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the giant NPR anchor cable 3 of the invention is laid in a tunnel 1 surrounding rock fault zone, the giant NPR anchor cable 3 penetrates through a fault 12 or a movable fault 12, when the tunnel 1 surrounding rock fault zone is deformed, the giant NPR anchor cable 3 is deformed under stress, an axial force is generated in the axial direction of the giant NPR anchor cable 3, the axial force is monitored by a monitoring unit to realize the purpose of monitoring the tunnel 1 peripheral area, and the acquisition unit sends a signal to the mobile terminal to realize the purpose of early warning and monitoring the tunnel peripheral area.
Further, the monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber and a mechanical sensor, the optical fiber is used for monitoring the relative displacement of the fault, the optical fiber is bound with the anchor cable 5, the length of the optical fiber is larger than that of the constant-resistance sleeve, the optical fiber penetrates through the fault along with the giant NPR anchor cable 3 to extend into the hard rock body 9 and be anchored, the other end of the optical fiber is connected with the acquisition unit, the mechanical sensor 8 is used for monitoring the axial force of the anchor cable 5, the mechanical sensor 8 is sleeved on the giant NPR anchor cable 3, specifically, the mechanical sensor 8 is arranged on the outer surface of the bearing plate 6, the mechanical sensor 8 is preferably a high-precision pressure sensor, the deformation of the fault layer of the tunnel surrounding rock can be accurately monitored, and the type of.
Further, the acquisition unit comprises a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data transmission module and an optical fiber modem, the optical fiber modem is connected with an optical fiber and used for converting optical signals monitored by the optical fiber into electric signals, the optical fiber regulator is electrically connected with the data acquisition module, the data acquisition module acquires the electric signals converted by the optical fiber regulator and is also electrically connected with a mechanical sensor 8, the mechanical sensor 8 converts the monitored axial force into electric signals, the data acquisition module acquires the electric signals converted by the pressure sensor 8, the data storage module is used for processing and storing the data information converted by the data acquisition module, the data transmission module is electrically connected with the data storage module, the data transmission module transmits the data information in the data storage module to the mobile terminal according to a set frequency, and a power supply unit of the acquisition unit is specifically set according to specific conditions, for the shallow part sewing, the solar panel can be utilized to store the electricity quantity in the storage battery for later use, and for the deep part sewing, the solar panel is required to be connected to the electric facility in the tunnel.
In order to protect the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem and enable the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem to work normally, the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem are placed in a closed cavity, the closed cavity is placed outside the giant NPR anchor cable, preferably, the closed cavity is a rectangular box body made of wood or metal, and the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem are placed in the closed cavity to ensure normal operation of the acquisition unit and the optical fiber modem.
Geologically, a fault is a three-dimensional geologic body with a certain thickness, length, and width, resulting from geological structure motion, and therefore the size and extent of the fault 12 region is not fixed. The penetrated fault 12 area mentioned in the invention refers to a geologic structure dangerous area which has potential fault active zone or is most likely to generate fault motion in a certain range and is detected by a geologic survey means. The invention arranges the huge NPR anchor cables 3 around the tunnel 1, and simultaneously can arrange the huge NPR anchor cables 3 in the areas beyond hundred meters. The ultimate purpose of the layout concept is to enable the giant NPR anchor cable 3 to absorb the huge energy generated by the dislocation of the fault 12, thereby protecting the tunnel 1 structure.
The invention relates to a method for controlling large deformation of a rock mass by using a flexible isolation structure penetrating a fault tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, directly drilling a hole from the ground surface for the tunnel shallow buried section crossing the fault 12 area or excavating a certain space area from the ground surface, then arranging a giant NPR anchor cable, and excavating a pilot tunnel 13 from the inside to the outside for the tunnel deep buried section crossing the fault 12 area.
As shown in fig. 10, after the deep buried section of the cross-sectional tunnel is excavated, the tunnel 1 is excavated from the inside to the outside in a way of excavating a pilot tunnel 13, a space region outside the tunnel 1 is obtained, specifically, the pilot tunnel 13 is firstly excavated inside the tunnel 1 to obtain the space region, giant NPR anchor cables 3 are laid in the space region, which belongs to "deep stitching", the size of the pilot tunnel 13 depends on the actual engineering conditions, and in order to obtain a good stitching effect, the form of the pilot tunnel 13 is not limited to be vertically trapezoidal in space, and is similar to that of applying a vertical shaft and the pilot tunnel 13 before the tunnel 1 is excavated. The shallow part stitching means that the tunnel 1 is not buried deeply, and the stitching can be realized by directly digging a certain space area from the ground or driving a huge NPR anchor cable 3 after digging a certain space area first, and the space area is obtained without constructing a pilot hole 13 in the tunnel 1.
Step S2, after the pilot tunnel 13 is excavated, a space area where the giant NPR anchor cable 3 can be constructed is obtained, and support construction is carried out in the space area around the tunnel body of the tunnel 1, so that the space area is stable in structure.
Step S3, constructing in the space area, and placing the giant NPR anchor cable 3 through the fault 12.
And step S4, anchoring the placed giant NPR anchor cable 3 anchoring section.
The construction in the space area, wherein the construction process of placing the huge NPR anchor cable 3 through the fault 12 specifically comprises the following construction steps:
step S301, drilling construction is carried out in the direction intersecting the fault 12 to obtain a drilled hole, and the final depth of the drilled hole is required to enable one end of the giant NPR anchor cable 3 to be anchored on the hard rock body 9.
Step S302, the giant NPR anchor cable 3 is placed in the drill hole.
The constant resistance of the giant NPR anchor cable 3 in the embodiment of the invention can reach 100-300T conventionally, and can reach more than 300T under special conditions, the conventional deformation amount which can be borne is 2000-4000mm under special conditions, and can reach more than 4000mm under special conditions, the length of the anchor cable 5 is 60-100m, and certainly, the length of the anchor cable 5 can be freely increased and decreased under the condition of meeting engineering requirements.
Two ends of the giant NPR anchor cable 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the fault 12 area so as to sew up the movable area of the fault 12, the fault 12 has multiple dislocation forms, as shown in figures 5-9, the dislocation forms comprise a plurality of forward fault, a backward fault, a walking fault and the like, the sewing parameters of the giant NPR anchor cable 3 are not specifically limited, specific setting is carried out according to actual conditions of the site, and the arrangement angle, the arrangement depth, the arrangement density and the like of the giant NPR anchor cable 3 are not limited to one type and are specifically set according to actual conditions of the geology.
Step S303, filling an anchoring agent into the drilled hole, and anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable 3.
The giant NPR anchor cable 3 is anchored by adopting a material with elastic energy absorption characteristic, so that the region locking is realized, the dislocation of the fault 12 can generate huge energy, the giant NPR anchor cable 3 has the characteristic of energy absorption, and after most of the generated energy is absorbed by the giant NPR anchor cable 3, the tunnel 1 only bears a small part of energy, so that the deformation of the tunnel 1 is controlled within an allowable range, and the structural body of the tunnel 1 is protected. The elastic energy-absorbing material in the embodiment of the invention is preferably repairable concrete, the repairable concrete adopts a method of compounding a repairing adhesive and a concrete material, has self-repairing and regenerating functions on material damage and damage, and recovers and even improves the material performance, so that the novel composite material has the energy-absorbing characteristic and can reduce the huge energy generated when a fault deforms.
The giant NPR anchor cable 3 and the repairable concrete with elastic energy absorption characteristic form a flexible isolation structure, not only can realize the purpose of monitoring and early warning on the penetrated fault 12 or the penetrated movable fault 12, but also can realize the purpose of integrally supporting the peripheral area of the tunnel 1, and the purpose of area locking (when the plate block penetrated by the tunnel generates strong geological structure movement, the peripheral area of the tunnel 1 is not influenced or is hardly influenced by the structure movement under the protection of the flexible isolation structure) is achieved by constructing the giant NPR anchor cable to carry out three-dimensional stitching on the strong active geological area such as the penetrated fault 12 or the movable fault 12 of the tunnel 1 and utilizing the principle of increment control (the energy generated by the structural movement of the engineering rock body in the range of the penetrated strong active geological area of the tunnel 1 minus the energy absorbed by the supporting structure of the tunnel 1 to ensure that the structural body of the tunnel 1 is not damaged), the structural body of the tunnel 1 is ensured to be in a stable state.
And S304, manufacturing an anchor pier at the drilling hole, and sequentially installing the bearing plate 6, the monitoring unit, the anchor 7 and the acquisition unit.
After the giant NPR anchor cable 3 is anchored, an anchor pier is manufactured at a drilling hole, a bolt is pre-installed on the anchor pier, a bolt hole corresponding to the bolt is formed in the bearing plate 6, the bolt penetrates through the bolt hole to fix the bearing plate 6 on the outer side of the anchor pier, the anchor 7 is installed at the tail end of the anchor cable 5, a mechanical sensor in the monitoring unit is sleeved between the bearing plate 6 and the anchor and is electrically connected with the acquisition unit, the acquisition unit is arranged on one side of the anchor pier to achieve monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control, the purpose of regional locking is achieved by utilizing an incremental control principle, and the purpose of controlling the meter-level deformation of the engineering rock mass of the tunnel 1 to be within the centimeter-.
In conclusion, the invention provides a flexible isolation structure of a cross-section tunnel and a rock mass large deformation control method, wherein a large-scale NPR anchor cable 3 is constructed to carry out three-dimensional stitching on a strong activity geological region such as a cross-section 12 or an activity cross-section 12 of the tunnel 1, the purpose of region locking is achieved by utilizing the principle of incremental control, the structure of the tunnel 1 is ensured to be in a stable state, and monitoring, early warning and supporting integrated control on the cross-section of the tunnel 1 in the strong activity geological region is realized. After excavating the 1 section of the tunnel 12, constructing a flexible isolation supporting structure in the space around the tunnel body of the tunnel 1, the flexible isolation structure consists of a giant NPR anchor cable 3 which can adapt to large deformation of an engineering rock mass and can absorb deformation energy of the rock mass and repairable concrete with elastic energy absorption characteristic, when the fault area is dislocated due to the movement of the geological structure, most of the huge energy generated by the deformation of the fault area of the tunnel surrounding rock is absorbed by the flexible isolation structure, compared with other monitoring equipment for penetrating the fault 12 or penetrating the movable fault 12 only having a monitoring function or a supporting structure only having a supporting function, the invention can realize monitoring-early warning-supporting integrated control on the peripheral area of the tunnel, creatively provides a three-dimensional sewing technology, utilizes an increment control principle to achieve the purpose of locking the area, the purpose of controlling the meter-level deformation of the engineering rock mass of the tunnel 1 to the centimeter-level deformation range can be realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible isolation structure for a cross-sectional tunnel, the flexible isolation structure comprising:
the huge NPR anchor rope, huge NPR anchor rope passes the fault, the both ends of huge NPR anchor rope are located the both sides of fault respectively, huge NPR anchor rope structure includes: a bearing plate, an anchorage device and an anchor cable;
the anchor is of a columnar solid structure, a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the vertical direction of the cross section of the anchor, one anchor cable penetrates through each through hole, the anchor is installed at one end of each anchor cable and used for locking the anchor cable, the bearing plate is annular and installed at a drilling hole, and the anchor abuts against the bearing plate;
the monitoring unit is arranged between the anchorage device and the bearing plate and used for monitoring the axial force of the giant NPR anchor cable and the relative displacement of a fault;
and the acquisition unit is electrically connected with the monitoring unit and is used for acquiring the data information monitored by the monitoring unit and transmitting the data information to the mobile terminal.
2. The cross-sectional tunnel flexible isolation structure of claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber and a mechanical sensor;
the mechanical sensor is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the anchor cable and arranged between the bearing plate and the anchorage device, the optical fiber is bound with the anchor cable, one end of the optical fiber penetrates through a fault along with the anchor cable, and the other end of the optical fiber is connected with the acquisition unit;
the mechanical sensor is used for monitoring the axial force of the anchor cable, and the optical fiber is used for monitoring the relative displacement of the fault;
the cross section of the anchor is circular, and the cross section of the bearing plate is larger than that of the anchor and larger than that of the mechanical sensor.
3. The flexible isolation structure of claim 2, wherein the acquisition unit comprises:
the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the mechanical sensor and used for converting the axial force monitored by the mechanical sensor into an electric signal;
the data storage module is used for processing and storing the data information obtained by the data acquisition module;
and the data transmitting module is electrically connected with the data storage module and is used for transmitting the stored data information to the mobile terminal.
4. The flexible isolation structure of claim 3, wherein the acquisition unit further comprises: an optical fiber moderator;
the optical fiber modem is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit, and the optical fiber modem is connected with the optical fiber and used for converting optical signals into electric signals.
5. The flexible isolation structure of claim 4, wherein the collection unit and the fiber modem are placed in a closed cavity, the closed cavity is disposed outside the giant NPR anchor cable, and the closed cavity is used for protecting the collection unit and the fiber modem from external damage;
preferably, the material of the closed cavity is wood or metal.
6. The flexible isolation structure of claim 1, wherein the anchor cable is made by adding NPR tiny units into NPR cold-rolled ribbed steel bars in a forging process to form dispersed particles and performing spiral processing.
7. A method for controlling large deformation of a rock mass by using a flexible isolation structure penetrating a fault tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, directly drilling a hole from the ground surface of the tunnel shallow buried section penetrating the fracture area or excavating a set space area from the ground surface, and then laying a giant NPR anchor cable, and excavating a pilot tunnel from the inside to the outside of the tunnel in the tunnel deep buried section;
step S2, after the pilot tunnel excavation is finished, obtaining a space area for giant NPR anchor cable construction, and performing support construction in the space area around the tunnel body;
step S3, constructing in a space area, and placing the giant NPR anchor cable after penetrating through a fault;
and step S4, anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable which is placed completely.
8. The method for controlling large deformation of rock mass by using the flexible isolation structure of the cross-sectional tunnel according to claim 7, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises:
step S301, drilling construction is carried out in the direction intersecting the fault to obtain a drilled hole;
step S302, placing the giant NPR anchor cable in a drill hole;
step S303, filling an anchoring agent into the drilled hole, and anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable;
and S304, manufacturing an anchor pier at the drilling hole, and sequentially installing a bearing plate, a monitoring unit, an anchor and an acquisition unit.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the anchoring agent used in anchoring the anchoring section of the giant NPR anchor cable in step S4 is a material with elastic energy-absorbing property;
preferably, the material with elastic energy absorption property is repairable concrete.
10. The method for controlling the large deformation of the rock mass by using the flexible isolation structure of the cross-sectional tunnel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the length of the giant NPR anchor cable is 60-100 m.
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