CN116220769A - Supporting method and supporting structure adopting microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables - Google Patents
Supporting method and supporting structure adopting microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables Download PDFInfo
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- CN116220769A CN116220769A CN202310498597.6A CN202310498597A CN116220769A CN 116220769 A CN116220769 A CN 116220769A CN 202310498597 A CN202310498597 A CN 202310498597A CN 116220769 A CN116220769 A CN 116220769A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/155—Laggings made of strips, slats, slabs or sheet piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0086—Bearing plates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation, in particular to a supporting method adopting a microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable and a supporting structure thereof, and the improvement is that the method comprises the following steps: s1: positioning; s2: drilling holes; s3: clearing holes; s4: injecting a high-performance resin anchoring agent; s5: pushing in a microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable; s6: stirring, namely driving a micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable to rotate by using an anchor rod drilling machine so as to stir; s7: waiting for the high-performance resin anchoring agent to solidify; s8: mounting a support member; s9: applying a pre-tightening force, and reversely tensioning the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable by utilizing a tensioning jack of a tensioning tool to apply the pre-tightening force; s10: and cutting off the redundant exposed section. The invention provides a supporting method and a supporting structure thereof adopting microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables, which effectively reduce or avoid the large deformation of soft rock and the rock burst disasters facing a soft rock tunnel and a hard rock tunnel, and ensure the construction progress and the safety of personnel and equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel excavation, and particularly relates to a supporting method and a supporting structure for a microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
Background
Since the 50 s of the 20 th century, anchor rods have been used for supporting operations in the field of mine roadway excavation. The anchor bolt supporting effect mainly depends on the suspension effect, the combined beam effect and the reinforcing effect generated by combining surrounding rock and deep stable rock bodies together by anchor bolts, so as to achieve the aim of supporting and reinforcing the surrounding rock. Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, prestressed anchors have been used in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and then prestressed anchor cables have been widely used in slope reinforcement engineering. The prestressing force applying process is that the anchor rod or the anchor cable is reversely tensioned through the jack and is locked at the end part of the anchor rod or the anchor cable by matching with the tray and the anchorage device, the anchor rod or the anchor cable counteracts the prestressing force on the rock mass in the anchoring area, a conical pressure area is formed on the anchored rock mass, and the functions of improving the self strength and the self-stability of the rock mass are achieved.
However, the following drawbacks exist in the prior art: (1) In the soft rock tunnel excavation process, due to low surrounding rock strength, rock mass is loose and broken, the currently adopted passive support technology is difficult to provide support resistance for stabilization of excavated surrounding rock, engineering disasters such as falling blocks, large deformation and even collapse of the surrounding rock are difficult to avoid, normal tunneling of the tunnel is seriously threatened, and even safety risks are brought to personnel and equipment. (2) For an anchor rod or an anchor rope, the current anchor rod supporting technology adopting cement mortar or cement explosive rolls as an anchoring agent has the problems of low prestress, slow effect, poor prestress locking and the like, and cannot meet the construction process requirements of timely and rapidly applying high prestress support for the anchor rod or the anchor rope.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a supporting method and a supporting structure thereof by adopting a microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable, so that the large deformation of soft rock and rock explosion disasters faced by a soft rock tunnel and a hard rock tunnel are effectively reduced or avoided, and the construction progress and personnel and equipment safety are ensured.
The supporting method adopting the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable comprises the following steps:
s1: positioning, namely flattening the surface of the excavated surrounding rock, and measuring and lofting to determine hole sites;
s2: drilling, wherein drilling is carried out in an impact rotation mode;
s3: clearing holes, namely clearing holes from the bottom of the holes to the outside of the holes, and clearing rock Dan Suizha in the holes;
s4: injecting a high performance resin anchoring agent comprising: the unsaturated polyester resin and other auxiliary materials are prepared according to the proportion of 1:5; other auxiliary materials comprise: a curing agent, a promoter, and a catalyst;
s5: pushing in the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope, the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope comprises: anchor rods or anchor ropes made of negative poisson's ratio materials; when being stretched, the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable expands in the direction perpendicular to the stretching stress; when being compressed, the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable contracts in the direction perpendicular to the stress direction; when being bent, a hollow low-pressure belt is formed inside the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable so as to improve the back supporting force of the anchor rod or anchor cable;
s6: stirring, namely driving a micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable to rotate by using an anchor rod drilling machine so as to stir;
s7: waiting for the high-performance resin anchoring agent to solidify;
s8: a support member is installed, the support member comprising: a polyester fiber flexible net, an NPR steel belt, an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor;
s9: applying a pre-tightening force, and reversely tensioning the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable by utilizing a tensioning jack of a tensioning tool to apply the pre-tightening force;
s10: and cutting off the redundant exposed sections, and cutting the microcosmic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables extending out of the rock wall.
Preferably, the S2 drilling further comprises: drilling by adopting a drill rod, connecting another drill rod to continue drilling after one section of drill rod is drilled until reaching a preset drilling depth; after the drilling is finished, each drill rod is retracted in sequence.
Preferably, the S4 injection high performance resin anchor comprises: and determining the dosage of the resin anchoring agent according to the preset anchoring length, and pushing the resin anchoring agent into the hole bottom by utilizing the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
Preferably, the S6 stirring includes: stirring the resin anchoring agent, and driving the anchor cable to mix the resin anchoring agent by using a hand-held jumbolter, a hydraulic jumbolter or a pneumatic jumbolter through the drilling machine to cement the anchor cable and surrounding rock of the hole wall; and the drilling machine speed is increased at a constant speed while the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is pushed until the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is pushed into the hole bottom, and the whole stirring process time is controlled within 20-30 s, so that the resin anchoring agent is uniformly stirred, and provides anchoring force after polymerization reaction and solidification.
Preferably, S8: a support member mount comprising: and after the resin anchoring agent is solidified, sequentially installing a matched polyester fiber flexible net, an NPR steel belt, an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor at the tail end of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
Preferably, the polyester fiber flexible net is mounted in a seamless fit with the surrounding rock wall; the NPR steel belts are arranged in a lap joint mode so as to achieve an extension effect; the NPR steel belts are provided with anchor rod holes so as to be arranged on the microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the tunnel; the NPR anchor is pushed in by the end of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable so as to sequentially compact the NPR anchor pad, the NPR steel belt and the polyester fiber flexible net.
Preferably, the yield strength of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable reaches more than 900MPa, and the elongation rate reaches more than 35%.
Preferably, the NPR anchor backing plate is a square anchor backing plate obtained by forging NPR steel and performing surface rust prevention treatment; the NPR steel strip is a steel strip with anchor rod holes with the same distance as the anchor rod holes in the middle of the NPR steel strip after being cold-bent into a W shape; the NPR anchorage comprises an anchor ring with a conical hole and a three-way clamping piece, which are obtained by turning and milling NPR steel materials and performing surface heat treatment.
Preferably, the polyester fiber flexible web comprises: binding and braiding high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filaments into a net-shaped matrix, and coating a layer of flame-retardant antistatic coating on the surface of the net-shaped matrix; the fineness of the high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filament yarn is not less than 550 dtex.
In a support structure employing microscopic NPR anchors or anchor cables, the improvement comprising: the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is arranged in a preset rock wall hole; the polyester fiber flexible net is tightly attached to the wall of the hole according to the rock burst area; the NPR steel belt passes through the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable so as to connect the dispersed NPR anchor rods or the dispersed NPR anchor cables together to form an integral bearing structure; and the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is provided with a tray and a lockset, and the reverse tensioning is performed to apply high prestress, so that the active rock burst defense supporting structure is formed.
The beneficial effects are as follows:
(1) After a tunnel or a underground chamber is excavated, surrounding rock generates a free face, tangential stress of the excavated surrounding rock after the radial stress is lost is increased under the stress concentration effect, and when the stress state of the excavated surrounding rock exceeds the rock mass strength, the surrounding rock is crushed and unstable. The excavation surrounding rock is converted from a three-dimensional stress state to a two-dimensional stress state, and the bearing capacity of the excavation surrounding rock is obviously reduced. The invention provides a supporting structure adopting a microcosmic NPR anchor rod or an anchor rope, which relies on an energy-absorbing NPR anchor rod or an anchor rope with ultrahigh constant resistance, ultrahigh extensibility and impact resistance as a core anchor, and applies high prestressing force to excavated surrounding rock in time to compensate the loss of radial stress of excavation, so that the excavated surrounding rock recovers the initial stress state as much as possible, the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is improved, the surrounding rock and the supporting structure form a bearing structure together, and the excavated surrounding rock is promoted to recover the stable state again.
(2) The invention provides a supporting method adopting a microscopic NPR anchor rod or an anchor cable, which aims at a novel high-prestress microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable without tail lines, adopts a resin anchoring agent to replace the original cement mortar or cement cartridge as an anchoring agent, and applies pretightening force to the NPR anchor rod or anchor cable by reverse tensioning of a tensioning jack to timely perform high-prestress compensation on an excavated surrounding rock, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing or controlling the risk of surrounding rock crushing instability. The invention has the advantages of rapid prestressing force application, timely locking of prestressing force and the like.
(3) The invention also relates to an NPR steel belt and a polyester fiber flexible net, which are connected by the NPR steel belt, are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of a tunnel, and are combined with the polyester fiber flexible net tightly attached to surrounding rocks to form a 'point-line-surface' three-dimensional NPR support system taking the microscopic NPR anchor rods or the polyester fiber flexible net as a main body, so that high prestress compensation is timely carried out on the excavated surrounding rocks, and the purpose of reducing or controlling the risk of crushing instability of the surrounding rocks is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the support step of the present invention using microscopic NPR anchors or cables;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the injection of a high performance resin anchor into a borehole in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the reverse application of a pretension by a tensioning device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of tensile characteristics of NPR cable used in the examples of this application;
fig. 5 is a graph of impact characteristics test of NPR anchor cable employed in the examples of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a "point-line-plane" three-dimensional NPR support structure in accordance with the present application;
wherein, the flexible net of polyester fiber-1, NPR steel belt-2, NPR anchor backing plate-3 and NPR anchor-4.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Since the 50 s of the 20 th century, anchor bolt supporting operation is started in the mine roadway field in China, and the anchor bolt supporting effect mainly depends on the fact that surrounding rock and deep stable rock bodies are combined together by anchor bolts to generate a suspension effect, a combined beam effect and a reinforcing effect, so that the purpose of surrounding rock supporting and reinforcing is achieved. The anchor bolt support has the advantages of low cost, good support effect, simple and convenient operation, flexible use, small occupied construction clearance and the like, and is widely applied and rapidly developed in the fields of tunnels, slope engineering, reservoir dams, underground engineering and the like. The use of prestressed anchor rods in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is started in the last 90 th century in China, and then the prestressed anchor cables are applied to slope reinforcement engineering. The prestressing force applying process is that the anchor rod or the anchor cable is locked at the end part of the anchor rod or the anchor cable by matching the jack reverse tensioning cable end with the tray and the anchor, the anchor rod or the anchor cable counteracts the prestressing force on the rock mass in the anchoring area, a conical pressure area is formed on the anchored rock mass, and the functions of improving the self strength and the self-stabilizing capacity of the rock mass are achieved. The prestressed anchor rod or the anchor cable is beneficial to improving the tensile strength and the shear strength of the surrounding rock reinforcing body, improving the overall rigidity of the surrounding rock reinforcing body, reducing the deformation of the surrounding rock, being widely applied in the rock-soil reinforcing engineering and obtaining great economic benefit.
However, in the above engineering, the following disadvantages are also widely present:
firstly, in the soft rock tunnel excavation process, due to low surrounding rock strength, rock mass is loose and broken, the currently adopted passive support technology is difficult to provide support resistance for stabilization of excavated surrounding rock, engineering disasters such as falling blocks, large deformation and even collapse of the surrounding rock are difficult to avoid, normal tunneling of the tunnel is seriously threatened, and even safety risks are brought to personnel and equipment.
Secondly, for the novel micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable without tail lines, the anchor rod supporting technology which adopts cement mortar or cement explosive rolls as an anchoring agent at present has the problems of low prestress, slow effect taking, poor prestress locking and the like, and cannot meet the construction process requirements of timely and rapidly applying high prestress support for the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a supporting method and a supporting structure thereof which adopt microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes, so that the large deformation of soft rock and rock burst disasters faced by a soft rock tunnel and a hard rock tunnel are effectively reduced or avoided, and the construction progress and personnel and equipment safety are ensured.
The method comprises the following steps: (1) After a tunnel or a underground chamber is excavated, surrounding rock generates a free face, tangential stress of the excavated surrounding rock after the radial stress is lost is increased under the stress concentration effect, and when the stress state of the excavated surrounding rock exceeds the rock mass strength, the surrounding rock is crushed and unstable. The excavation surrounding rock is converted from a three-dimensional stress state to a two-dimensional stress state, and the bearing capacity of the excavation surrounding rock is obviously reduced. The invention provides a supporting method and a supporting structure thereof by adopting a microscopic NPR anchor rod or an anchor cable, which depend on an energy-absorbing NPR anchor rod or an anchor cable with ultrahigh constant resistance, ultrahigh extensibility and impact resistance as a core anchor, and apply high prestressing force to excavated surrounding rock in time to compensate the loss of radial stress of excavation, so that the excavated surrounding rock recovers the initial stress state as much as possible, the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is improved, the surrounding rock and the supporting structure form a bearing structure together, and the excavated surrounding rock is promoted to recover the stable state again.
(2) The invention provides a supporting method and a supporting structure of a microscopic NPR anchor rod or an anchor rope, which aim at the novel tail-line-free high-prestress microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope, and adopt a resin anchoring agent to replace the original cement mortar or cement cartridge as an anchoring agent, and apply pretightening force to the NPR anchor rod or anchor rope by reverse tensioning of a tensioning jack so as to timely perform high-prestress compensation on excavated surrounding rock, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing or controlling the risk of surrounding rock breaking instability. The invention has the advantages of rapid prestressing force application, timely locking of prestressing force and the like.
(3) The invention also relates to an NPR steel belt and a polyester fiber flexible net, which are connected by the NPR steel belt, are equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of a tunnel, and are combined with the polyester fiber flexible net tightly attached to surrounding rocks to form a 'point-line-surface' three-dimensional NPR support system taking the microscopic NPR anchor rods or the polyester fiber flexible net as a main body, so that high prestress compensation is timely carried out on the excavated surrounding rocks, and the purpose of reducing or controlling the risk of crushing instability of the surrounding rocks is achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the supporting method of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable adopted by the invention reduces or avoids the damage risk of excavation surrounding rock, ensures the safety of constructors and equipment, and comprises the following concrete supporting construction steps:
positioning, drilling, clearing holes, injecting high-performance resin anchoring agent, pushing a microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable, rapidly stirring, waiting for solidification, installing an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor device, and applying pretightening force. The concrete support steps are as follows:
s1: positioning, specifically, hole site measurement lofting: and (3) carrying out surface leveling on the excavated surrounding rock, and measuring and lofting to determine hole sites.
: drilling is carried out in an impact rotation mode so as to construct the anchor rod hole. The method comprises the following steps: drilling by using a drilling machine, wherein a hydraulic jumbolter or a pneumatic jumbolter adopts a percussion rotary drilling mode, hydraulic pressure or wind pressure is increased at uniform speed in the drilling process, and preferably, the hydraulic pressure or wind pressure can be respectively 20MPa and 0.4-0.63 MPa; meanwhile, the hydraulic pressure is ensured to be enough to lubricate and cool the drill bit, and the rock slag can be washed out of the hole, so that the drilling speed is not too high. Preferably, when the hardness of the surrounding rock is not more than f8, the drilling speed is preferably 0.2-0.5 m/min, and when drilling is carried out, people are strictly forbidden below and on the left side of the machine tool, and people are strictly prevented from being injured when drilling is askew or broken.
When the hole depth is large, the drill rod is preferably used for drilling, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, drilling one section of drill rod into surrounding rock, and then connecting another section of drill rod to continue drilling until the drilling depth required by design is reached.
After the drilling depth is reached, closing the water pressure, simultaneously operating the hydraulic support leg or the pneumatic support leg of the hydraulic jumbolter or the pneumatic jumbolter to retract, thereby driving the drill rods to retract, detaching the outermost drill rod, continuously operating the hydraulic support leg or the pneumatic support leg to retract, withdrawing the next drill rod, and repeating the procedure until all the drill rods are lifted out of the drilling hole;
s3: and cleaning the hole, namely cleaning the hole from the bottom of the hole to the outside of the hole, and cleaning the rock Dan Suizha in the hole. The method comprises the following steps: the fan is utilized to clean holes, high-pressure air generated by an air compressor is sent to the bottom of a drilled hole, holes are sequentially cleaned from the deep part to the shallow part, and rock fragments are completely cleaned as far as possible, so that an anchoring agent used later is completely combined with bedrock, and the anchoring force is improved;
s4: injecting a high-performance resin anchoring agent; the method comprises the following steps: pushing in the anchoring agent, determining the dosage of the resin anchoring agent according to the designed anchoring length, pushing the resin anchoring agent into the hole bottom by using a microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable, pushing in at a uniform speed as much as possible, and reducing the pushing speed when the resin anchoring agent reaches the hole bottom, so as to avoid the rupture of the polyester film of the resin anchoring agent and influence the anchoring force.
One embodiment of the present application is an anchor length of 1.5m, a resin anchor dosage of 3 rolls, each 500mm long.
Preferably, the resin anchoring agent pushing mode can be manually used for pushing the resin anchoring agent into the hole bottom.
: pushing in the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable. The method comprises the following steps: the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is a novel pigtail-free high-prestress microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
: stirring, namely driving the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable to rotate by using the anchor rod drilling machine so as to stir. The method comprises the following steps: the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is utilized to stir the resin anchoring agent, and the hand-held anchor rod drilling machine, the hydraulic anchor rod drilling machine or the pneumatic anchor rod drilling machine is utilized to drive the anchor cable to mix the resin anchoring agent through the drilling machine so as to be used for cementing the anchor cable and surrounding rock of the hole wall. The method comprises the following steps: and the tail end of the anchor rod or the anchor cable is clamped by a special stirrer female head of the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable, the stirrer male head is connected with an anchor rod drilling machine, and the anchor rod drilling machine is utilized to drive the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable to rotate. During initial stirring, the rotating speed of the drilling machine is not too fast, the drilling machine is increased at a constant speed while the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is pushed in until the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is pushed in the hole bottom, the whole stirring process time is controlled within 20-30 s, and the stirring time is specifically determined according to the type of the resin anchoring agent, so that the resin anchoring agent is uniformly stirred, polymerized and cured to provide an anchoring force, and the anchor rod or anchor cable cannot be repeatedly pulled in the stirring process to ensure an anchoring effect;
s7: waiting for the high performance resin anchor to set. The method comprises the following steps: and (5) waiting for 30 to 50 minutes to reach a solidification state, wherein the solidification state is determined according to the construction environment. If the environment is wet and cold, the solidification time is prolonged; if the construction is performed in a dry-hot environment, the solidification time can be shortened. S8: the support member is mounted. The method comprises the following steps: installing a polyester fiber flexible net, an NPR steel belt, an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor; after the solidification time requirement of the resin anchoring agent is met, the tail end of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is sequentially provided with a matched polyester fiber flexible net, an NPR steel belt, an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor device, the polyester fiber flexible net is guaranteed to be clung to the surrounding rock wall, the NPR steel belt is guaranteed to be lapped and prolonged, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable with anchor rod holes arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the tunnel is utilized to be connected, and then the NPR anchor device is pushed in from the tail end of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable so as to be used for compacting the NPR anchor backing plate, the NPR steel belt and the polyester fiber flexible net in sequence.
: a pre-tightening force is applied. The method comprises the following steps: the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is clamped by a jack of the tensioning device, the oil cylinder piston walks to apply axial force to the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable, the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable stretches slightly, and the axial force is locked by the NPR anchor backing plate and the NPR anchor device, so that the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable has reaction force to surrounding rock, which is called as the reverse pre-tightening force.
As shown in fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present application, a microscopic NPR anchor rod or an anchor cable exposed section is penetrated into a calibrated reserved gallery of a tensioning jack, an oil pump is started to supply oil to a tensioning cylinder for tensioning, when a piston of the tensioning jack extends outwards, a clamping piece in the tensioning jack can clamp the microscopic NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable exposed section by itself, a throttle valve is synchronously adjusted to control the oil pressure and the tensioning speed, meanwhile, a pointer reading of a pressure gauge is noted, when the predetermined pressure is reached, a stop valve is timely opened to enable a piston to retract and reset, a clamping piece in the tensioning jack can be automatically reset, the tensioning jack is retrieved, the application of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable pretightening force is completed, the tensioning jack is noted to be at two sides, and a standing person is forbidden in the end face direction so as not to occur accidents.
: and cutting off the redundant exposed sections, and cutting the microcosmic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables extending out of the rock wall. The method comprises the following steps: the hydraulic cutter is used for cutting off exposed sections of the micro NPR anchor rods or anchor cables, limit invasion is avoided, the step can be used for cutting a single anchor rod, and the exposed sections of the micro NPR anchor rods or anchor cables can be cut in a concentrated mode.
The microcosmic NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable adopted by the application is a novel microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable without tail lines and high prestress, and is composed of single rod-shaped steel, and a pipe body is not required to be arranged at one end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable. The microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is an energy-absorbing anchor rod or anchor cable with ultrahigh constant working resistance, ultrahigh extensibility and impact resistance, takes the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable with ultrahigh constant working resistance as a core, and is matched with an NPR anchorage device, an NPR anchor backing plate, an NPR steel belt, a polyester fiber flexible net and a high-performance resin anchoring agent to form a three-dimensional NPR supporting system which can quickly apply ultrahigh pretightening force, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable with ultrahigh constant working resistance can quickly apply ultrahigh pretightening force to excavation surrounding rock, the excavation surrounding rock is forced to restore to a three-dimensional stress state again, the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is improved, the surrounding rock and the supporting are jointly formed into a bearing structure, and the excavation surrounding rock is forced to restore to a stable state again.
The microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is made of NPR materials, the NPR materials are all called Negative Poisson's Ratio materials, namely, the Negative Poisson Ratio materials, and the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is manufactured by adding NPR micro units into the NPR materials in the forging process to form dispersion particles; the NPR micro unit is specifically characterized in that two-phase 2-5 nanometer particles determined by a light-dark field of a spherical aberration electron microscope are coherent with a matrix, and further, a second-phase nanoparticle is determined by nano electron diffraction to have an FCC (Face Center Cubic/Face-Centered Cubic) Face-Centered Cubic structure, and the crystal constant is 0.82 nanometer. The inclusion nano-particles are made to be fine grained through the design of the additive and the smelting process, the nano-particles are made to be coherent with the matrix, and meanwhile, through the design, the multiple coherent designs of the intra-crystal Luan Jing coherent, the grain boundary coherent and the like are made on the basis of the nano-particle coherent. The dislocation of the coherent interface relative to the non-coherent interface can slide again, so that the strength and toughness of the reinforcing mesh can be improved simultaneously by improving the coherent interface density in the material. When the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is stretched, the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable expands in the direction perpendicular to the stretching stress rather than normal shrinkage, when the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is compressed, the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable contracts in the direction perpendicular to the stress rather than normal expansion, and when the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is bent, a hollow low-pressure air pressure belt is formed inside the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable so as to improve the back supporting force of the anchor rod or the anchor cable, so that the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable made of NPR material has excellent performances in the aspects of impact resistance, shearing resistance, energy absorption and the like.
The microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable adopted by the invention has ultrahigh constant working resistance, the ultra-large elongation and the impact resistance are that the yield strength of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable reaches more than 900MPa, the elongation is more than 35 percent, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable can bear multiple impact loads, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable begins to extend with constant working resistance after reaching the yield strength, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable is broken when the elongation is more than 35 percent, and the static drawing curve of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable presents approximate ideal elastoplasticity. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: when the external force is applied, all deformation is generated immediately, and when the external force is released, only part of deformation is disappeared immediately, and the rest deformation can not disappear automatically after the external force is released. The microscopic NPR bolt or cable does not work harden after entering the plastic phase. The stress-strain curve is expressed as: a line segment from the origin in the upper right direction to the yield point, and a line parallel to the axis of strain (transverse axis) from the yield point. Thus, the micro NPR anchor rod or cable exhibits excellent physical properties of ultra-high constant working resistance, ultra-large elongation and impact resistance. Experiments show that the yield strength of the micro NPR anchor rod can reach more than 650MPa, the tensile strength can reach more than 900MPa, and the elongation rate can reach more than 35%. The yield strength of the microscopic NPR anchor cable can reach more than 950MPa, the tensile strength can reach more than 1100MPa, and the elongation rate can reach more than 35%.
As shown in fig. 4, the tensile experiment performed by the static tensile system shows that the tensile force which can be borne by the micro NPR anchor rod or cable can be up to 350KN to 400KN.
As shown in fig. 5, impact experiments with drop hammer impact systems have shown that microscopic NPR anchors or cables can withstand impact resistances as high as 350KN to 400KN.
The high-performance resin anchoring agent is prepared from unsaturated polyester resin, a curing agent, an accelerator and other auxiliary materials according to a certain proportion, and is formed by dividing and packaging a polyester film into a roll shape, and has the excellent performances of quick normal-temperature curing, high bonding strength, reliable anchoring force, good durability and the like. The method comprises the following steps: the high-performance resin anchoring agent is prepared from unsaturated polyester resin, curing agent, accelerator, catalyst and other auxiliary materials according to the proportion of 1:5.
Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the high performance resin anchoring agent used in the present application is divided into a component A and a component B, the component A comprising a resin mixture; the component B comprises a catalyst mixture.
The NPR anchorage device adopted by the application can be understood as a lockset with a locking function, and is formed by turning and milling NPR steel materials and performing surface heat treatment to obtain an anchor ring with a conical hole and a three-opening clamping piece;
the NPR anchor backing plate is obtained by forging NPR steel and performing surface rust prevention treatment;
the NPR steel strip adopted by the application is a steel strip which is formed by cold bending of NPR steel into a W shape, and the middle part of the NPR steel strip is processed with anchor rod holes with the same pitch as the anchor rod holes, namely the W steel strip is formed. Specifically, the W steel strip is a cold-rolled or hot-rolled longitudinal cutting steel coil plate or steel strip which is produced on a continuous rolling type or stamping type cold bending group and can be deformed by cold working, and the dispersed NPR anchor rods or anchor cables are connected to form an integral bearing structure, so that the integral effect of the NPR anchor rods or anchor cable support is remarkably improved.
The microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope, the NPR anchorage device, the NPR anchor backing plate and the high-performance resin anchoring agent which are adopted by the method are used as core anchoring pieces and mainly bear radial load, the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope which is distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of a tunnel is connected by utilizing an NPR steel belt, and a polyester fiber flexible net which is tightly attached to surrounding rock is combined to form a 'point-line-surface' three-dimensional NPR supporting system taking the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor rope as a main body.
As shown in fig. 6, the "point-line-plane" three-dimensional NPR support structure includes: the polyester fiber flexible net 1 is tightly attached to the wall of the hole according to the rock burst area, and the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is arranged in the prefabricated hole; the NPR steel belt 2 passes through the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable to connect the dispersed NPR anchor rods or the dispersed NPR anchor cables to form an integral bearing structure; and (3) installing an NPR anchor backing plate 3 and an NPR anchor 4 at the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable, and performing reverse tensioning to apply high prestress to finally form the rock burst active defense technology of the 'NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable + the flexible net + the NPR steel belt' coupling support. The NPR anchor rod or anchor rope, the flexible net and the NPR steel belt are utilized to couple the support system, the NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes which are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the tunnel are used as main anchoring parts, and the flexible net which is tightly attached to surrounding rock and the NPR steel belt which plays a role in connecting the NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes are combined to form the point-line-surface coupling support system which takes the NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes as main parts.
The polyester fiber flexible net adopted by the application is a net-shaped matrix formed by binding and braiding high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filaments, and a layer of flame-retardant antistatic coating is coated on the surface of the net-shaped matrix, so that the net-shaped matrix is a novel mining support material and has the performances of high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, flame retardance and the like. Wherein, the fineness of the high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filament yarn is not less than 550 dtex. Wherein dtex, which is known as dtex, is a linear density unit, specifically 1 ten thousand meters long yarn weight in grams at a specified moisture regain. The polyester fiber flexible net prepared from the industrial polyester filaments has the excellent performances of high breaking strength, high elastic modulus, low elongation, good impact resistance and the like.
The application adopts the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable which is supported by the ultra-high constant working resistance as the bearing component and utilizes the tensioning jack of the tensioning machine to carry out reverse tensioning on the microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable to apply the pretightening force, and the tensioning machine has the advantages of high speed, simple operation and high working efficiency, and the pretightening force of the single microcosmic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable can reach more than 20 tons or 30 tons.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of supporting a bolt or cable using microscopic NPR, the method comprising:
s1: positioning, namely flattening the surface of the excavated surrounding rock, and measuring and lofting to determine hole sites;
s2: drilling, wherein drilling is carried out in an impact rotation mode;
s3: clearing holes, namely clearing holes from the bottom of the holes to the outside of the holes, and clearing rock Dan Suizha in the holes;
s4: injecting a high performance resin anchor, the high performance resin anchor comprising: the unsaturated polyester resin and other auxiliary materials are prepared according to the proportion of 1:5; the other auxiliary materials comprise: a curing agent, a promoter, and a catalyst;
s5: pushing in a microscopic NPR anchor rod or cable, the microscopic NPR anchor rod or cable comprising: anchor rods or anchor ropes made of negative poisson's ratio materials; when being stretched, the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable expands in a direction perpendicular to the tensile stress; when being compressed, the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable contracts in the direction perpendicular to the stress direction; when being bent, a hollow low-pressure belt is formed inside the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable so as to improve the back supporting force of the anchor rod or anchor cable;
s6: stirring, namely driving the micro NPR anchor rod or anchor cable to rotate by using an anchor rod drilling machine so as to stir;
s7: waiting for the high performance resin anchor to solidify;
s8: a support member installation, the support member comprising: a polyester fiber flexible net, an NPR steel belt, an NPR anchor backing plate and an NPR anchor;
s9: applying a pretightening force, and reversely stretching the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable by using a stretching jack of a stretching machine tool to apply the pretightening force;
s10: and cutting off the redundant exposed sections, and cutting the microcosmic NPR anchor rods or anchor cables extending out of the rock wall.
2. The method of supporting with microscopic NPR bolts or cables according to claim 1, wherein said S2 drilling further comprises: drilling by adopting a drill rod, connecting another drill rod to continue drilling after one section of drill rod is drilled until reaching a preset drilling depth; and after the drilling is finished, sequentially retracting each drill rod.
3. The method of supporting with microscopic NPR anchor or anchor line according to claim 1, wherein the S4 injection of high performance resin anchoring agent comprises: and determining the dosage of the resin anchoring agent according to the preset anchoring length, and pushing the resin anchoring agent into the hole bottom by using the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
4. The method of supporting with microscopic NPR anchors or cables according to claim 1, wherein S6 stirring comprises: stirring the resin anchoring agent, and driving the anchor cable to mix the resin anchoring agent by using a hand-held jumbolter, a hydraulic jumbolter or a pneumatic jumbolter through the drilling machine to cement the anchor cable and surrounding rock of the hole wall; and the drilling machine speed is increased at a constant speed while the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is pushed until the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is pushed into the hole bottom, and the time of the whole stirring process is controlled within 20-30 s, so that the resin anchoring agent is uniformly stirred, and provides anchoring force after polymerization reaction and solidification.
5. The method of supporting with microscopic NPR anchors or cables according to claim 1, wherein S8: a support member mount comprising: and after the resin anchoring agent is solidified, sequentially installing a matched polyester fiber flexible net, the NPR steel belt, the NPR anchor backing plate and the NPR anchor at the tail end of the microscopic NPR anchor rod or anchor cable.
6. The method for supporting a micro-NPR anchor rod or anchor cable according to claim 5, wherein the polyester fiber flexible net is mounted in a seamless fit with the surrounding rock wall; the NPR steel belts are arranged in a lap joint mode so as to achieve an extension effect; anchor rod holes are formed in the NPR steel belt so that the NPR steel belt is arranged on the microscopic NPR anchor rods or anchor ropes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the tunnel; the NPR anchor is pushed in by the tail end of the micro NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable so as to sequentially compact the NPR anchor backing plate, the NPR steel belt and the polyester fiber flexible net.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the yield strength of the micro NPR anchor rod or cable is more than 900MPa and the elongation is more than 35%.
8. The method for supporting a micro-NPR anchor rod or anchor cable according to claim 5, wherein the NPR anchor backing plate is a square anchor backing plate obtained by forging NPR steel and performing surface rust prevention treatment; the NPR steel strip is a steel strip with anchor rod holes with the same pitch as the anchor rod holes in the middle of the NPR steel strip after being cold-bent into a W shape by the NPR steel strip; the NPR anchorage comprises an anchor ring with a conical hole and a three-way clamping piece, which are obtained by turning and milling NPR steel and performing surface heat treatment.
9. The method of supporting with microscopic NPR anchors or anchor lines according to claim 5, wherein the polyester fiber flexible mesh comprises: binding and braiding high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filaments into a reticular matrix, and coating a layer of flame-retardant antistatic coating on the surface of the reticular matrix; the fineness of the high-modulus and high-strength industrial polyester filament yarn is not less than 550 dtex.
10. A support structure employing microscopic NPR anchors or anchor cables, the structure comprising: the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is arranged in a preset rock wall hole; the polyester fiber flexible net is tightly attached to the wall of the hole according to the rock burst area; the NPR steel belt passes through the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable so as to connect the dispersed NPR anchor rods or the dispersed NPR anchor cables to form an integral bearing structure; and the tail end of the NPR anchor rod or the anchor cable is provided with a tray and a lockset, and high prestress is applied by reverse tensioning, so that the rock burst active defense supporting structure is formed.
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Cited By (1)
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