WO2022038507A1 - A solution for use in treating hypoxemia and potential asphyxiation - Google Patents
A solution for use in treating hypoxemia and potential asphyxiation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022038507A1 WO2022038507A1 PCT/IB2021/057555 IB2021057555W WO2022038507A1 WO 2022038507 A1 WO2022038507 A1 WO 2022038507A1 IB 2021057555 W IB2021057555 W IB 2021057555W WO 2022038507 A1 WO2022038507 A1 WO 2022038507A1
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- solution
- solution according
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- Prior art date
Links
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 208000018875 hypoxemia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 206010001052 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 hypochlorite ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000678 plasma activation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000025721 COVID-19 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000013616 Respiratory Distress Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000000028 adult respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000013220 shortness of breath Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010496 Heart Arrest Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001388 Opportunistic Infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038669 Respiratory arrest Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010067396 dornase alfa Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015220 hamburgers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000819 hypertonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021223 hypertonic solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000013433 lightheadedness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004199 lung function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124561 microbicide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002855 microbicide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940107568 pulmozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N tobramycin Chemical compound N[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/0078—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a nebulizer such as a jet nebulizer, ultrasonic nebulizer, e.g. in the form of aqueous drug solutions or dispersions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/20—Elemental chlorine; Inorganic compounds releasing chlorine
Definitions
- a further object of the invention is to provide for a simple, yet effective, solution for self-administration that could be used by the patient, or a minimally-trained care-giver in home-based care, or similar situation.
- a solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions having a pH of 4 - 9; with a concentration of 3 - 300ppm of free available chlorine; and a salinity of 0.1 - 10g/I of NaCI, for use in increasing PO2 levels in the blood and tissue of a patient to treat hypoxemia.
- the solution preferably may comprise 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine.
- the solution may have an ORP range of less than -300mV to more than +1 100mV.
- the solution in addition may include up to 10 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
- the solution may have a pH of 5 - 7; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI.
- the solution may have a pH of 7 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 95 ppm of hypochlorite; an ORP of less than -225 mV; and salinity of approximately 0.1 -10 g/l of NaCI.
- the solution may have a pH of 5 - 8.5; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 5 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
- the solution may have a pH of 4 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 1 g/l of at least one species of nanometal particles selected from the group comprising Ag, Au, Ti, Cu, Zn, or the platinum group metals.
- the solution may be produced through electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :100 and 1 :2, and preferably a concentration of between 1 :4 and 1 :3.
- the solution may be produced through electrolytic treatment of a brine solution (i.e., NaCI in water) with a salt concentration of between 50 and 10,000 mg/l, and preferably between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/l, and more specifically between 2,500 and 3,000 mg/l.
- the solution may be prepared through plasma activation cells instead of electrolytic treatment.
- the solution may be produced through dissolution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in water.
- the solution may be used or applied either through generating an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or by drinking it.
- the solution may be used in fogging machines, atomizers, nebulizers or humidifiers under high pressure, or via ultrasonic or spinning disc apparatus, as an aerosol, fog, through a nebulizer or a spray, having a particle size fraction of between 1 pm - 5 pm. It may be drank, nebulized or ventilated at a concentration of 0.1 - 360 g/i.
- the solution may be used for treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia; and shingles.
- COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- CF Cystic Fibrosis
- ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- COVID COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia
- shingles shingles.
- composition of the invention is suitable for use in treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia.
- COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- CF Cystic Fibrosis
- ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- COVID COVID
- non-COVID Septicaemia non-COVID Septicaemia
- Cystic Fibrosis CF
- Pulmozyme to break up the sticky phlegm in the airways
- Tobi an inhalation antibiotic
- Electrochemically activated solutions are ionic in nature, with an elevated Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of anything between +500 mV to > +1200 mV, depending on the pH of the solution.
- ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential
- the solution of the invention can be dispensed through the alimentary canal, simply by drinking some solution.
- anything from about 100ml to 500ml was effective, but often a standard-sized cup of 200ml - 250ml proved to be effective.
- the frequency of such drinking would be case-dependent, depending on the condition and requirements of a patient.
- both for prophylaxis and treatment three times a day was adequate.
- the solution is produced by electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :100 and 1 :2, and preferably a concentration of between 1 :4 and 1 :3.
- a brine solution NaCI in water
- a brine solution is prepared with a salt concentration of between 50 and 10,000 mg/l, and preferably between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/l, and more specifically between 2,500 and 3,000 mg/l.
- Such a brine solution or saline is treated through an electrolytic cell, equipped with a membrane.
- the catholyte stream is then recirculated in whole or in part, through the anodic chamber, under operating conditions that result in an anolyte stream, with the following primary properties:
- pH between 4 and 9, preferably between 5 and 7, and more specifically between 5.5 and 6.5. It can easily be measured in the field by a pH meter or by swimming pool water pH measuring kits.
- ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential
- FAC Free Available Chlorine
- 1 ppm and 500ppm or mg/l
- 50ppm and 200ppm preferably between 50ppm and 200ppm, and more specifically between 90ppm and 150ppm.
- FAC is measured by a FAC meter or by swimming pool water FAC measuring kits.
- a solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid at a pH of 5 - 8.5, a concentration, typically of 3 to 200 ppm, but more specifically of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine, ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of approximately 0.1 - 10 g/l, of NaCI and up to 5 g/l of sodium bicarbonate, or sodium carbonate.
- the solution may be used or applied either through generating an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or simply by drinking it.
- a hypertonic solution up to the saturation levels of salt, generally about 360 g/l, would work more rapidly, whereas for chronic patients who may have to use the procedure a few times a day, it may be better to use less concentrated solutions, in order to reduce the load on other organs, such as the kidneys. It is therefore recommended that anything from a normal saline at about 9 g/l up to saturation levels of 360 g/l could be used, depending on the necessity of the situation.
- the solutions according to the invention may be used as is; or may be electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell with or without a membrane, as anolyte, catholyte, or a mixture of the two; or a mixture of them with saline, or as an additive to it. It may be drank, nebulized or ventilated at a concentration of 0.1 - 360 g/l in order to induce higher PO2 in the blood and tissue and alleviate hypoxemia.
- the solutions may be used singularly, or as a mixture, similarly administered, for alleviation of such pain and sensitivity as may be induced in such complications and disorders as shingles.
- a whole range of pressure- and ultrasonic nebulizers have recently been developed for various uses and are available in the market. These devices generate exactly the correct droplet size of 1 - 5 pM, affording up to 90% placement within the alveoli inner wall without being expired after inhalation. Without such devices it would have been difficult to imagine locating efficient applicators, as even hand-held models can readily be acquired.
- the devices generate effective solutions using very little electricity generated by A4 batteries in your hand, eliminating off-site production, packaging and transportation. At least 10 patients can be treated within one hour and generally after restoration of oxygen uptake, the condition resolves totally. If required further symptomatic treatment like pain killers or antibiotics may then be applied. Obviously, hand held models can be used during ambulatory transportation. It is of no use administering more oxygen to the patient who cannot absorb it.
- Results obtained from preliminary tests for this invention indicated that PO2 increased from approximately 73% to over 94% in just over 3 minutes, simply by drinking about 200 ml of the solution.
- the same liquid may be applied in formal ICU and theatre settings to treat the same condition. It is envisaged that ingestion of approximately 10 - 500 ml or, more specifically, 200 - 250 ml of the proposed solution, in both a hospital ICU or general ward setting, or at home, would improve blood and tissue oxygen concentration levels within minutes. In one case, an 84-year-old adult male patient, who had contracted ARDS during postoperative recovery in an ICU, and was intubated for mechanical respiration.
- Anolyte solution is particularly effective in reducing the viscosity or “thickness” of the proteinaceous layer that builds up on the inside wall of infected alveoli.
- Such a layer drastically reduces and eventually prevents oxygen exchange not only by introducing an additional barrier to gas exchange, but also by producing bubbles and filling up the alveolar space.
- anolyte solution which has amply been shown to act as a broad-based wide-ranging microbicide, is effective in keeping the oral cavity, respiratory tract and associated organs free of opportunistic infections, which is very important especially in otherwise compromised cases.
- droplet size fractions are preferably required, together constituting a range of less than 5 pm. Due to the size of most viruses being less than 1 pm, it is preferable to have droplet sizes of similar magnitude so as to increase the probability of interaction between droplets and virus particles suspended in gas streams. Due to crucial particle size of between 1 pm and 5pm, preferred for nebulization, it is estimated that more than 90% of administered solution will reach peripheral alveoli. Smaller droplets are inhaled and exhaled without attaching to the inner alveolar surface to complete its intended function.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response.
- the therapeutically effective amount or dose can depend on the age, gender and weight of the patient, and the prevailing medical condition of the patient. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors in addition to the present disclosure.
- the solutions may be administered to critically ill patients by lay, even illiterate personnel in the case of need and in the absence of trained personnel, by simply filling in the humidifiers or nebulizers.
- a large number of patients can be administered treatment in a short period without cumbersome sterilization like autoclaving of equipment due to the disinfecting and sterilizing properties of the solution.
- Treatment liquids may be stored and transported at ambient temperatures and will remain stable, therefore effective in all temperature ranges of the globe from the arctic to the tropics.
- URT upper respiratory tract
- EGHA electro-saline does not taste nice and has a slight salty and mild chlorine taste.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
According to the invention there is provided a solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, having a pH of 4 – 9; with a concentration of 3 – 300ppm of free available chlorine; and a salinity of 0.1 – 10g/l of NaCl, for use in increasing PO2 levels in the blood and tissue of a patient to treat hypoxemia. In particular, the solution is used as an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or by drinking it, for treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia, and shingles.
Description
A SOLUTION FOR USE IN TREATING HYPOXEMIA AND POTENTIAL
ASPHYXIATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are many conditions and diseases under which a person can suffer from insufficient exchange of gases in the lungs and intake of oxygen into blood and tissue, leading to shortness of breath, lightheadedness, fainting, and eventually asphyxiation and death. There are many causes for this, including insufficient and compromised lung capacity and function due to smoking, disease, injury or occupational complications. One aspect of this has become particularly widespread with the onset of COVID-19 infections and the prevailing pandemic.
The most common intervention for this is to hospitalize and intubate a patient, and to provide assisted respiration through nebulization with air enriched in oxygen. Besides being complicated and dangerous, the process is slow and takes a long time for SpO2 (PO2) of the patient to be restored to normally comfortable and acceptable levels.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution and applications thereof for rapidly increasing oxygen concentration in the blood and tissue of a patient, as may be needed in an emergency situation or required for assisting patients with compromised lung or respiratory function. A further object of the invention is to provide
for a simple, yet effective, solution for self-administration that could be used by the patient, or a minimally-trained care-giver in home-based care, or similar situation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention there is provided a solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, having a pH of 4 - 9; with a concentration of 3 - 300ppm of free available chlorine; and a salinity of 0.1 - 10g/I of NaCI, for use in increasing PO2 levels in the blood and tissue of a patient to treat hypoxemia.
The solution preferably may comprise 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine.
The solution may have an ORP range of less than -300mV to more than +1 100mV.
The solution in addition may include up to 10 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the solution may have a pH of 5 - 7; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the solution may have a pH of 7 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 95 ppm of hypochlorite; an ORP of less than -225 mV; and salinity of approximately 0.1 -10 g/l of NaCI.
In yet a further embodiment of the invention, the solution may have a pH of 5 - 8.5; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 5 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
In yet a further embodiment of the invention, the solution may have a pH of 4 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 1 g/l of at least one species of nanometal particles selected from the group comprising Ag, Au, Ti, Cu, Zn, or the platinum group metals.
The solution may be produced through electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :100 and 1 :2, and preferably a concentration of between 1 :4 and 1 :3. Alternatively, the solution may be produced through electrolytic treatment of a brine solution (i.e., NaCI in water) with a salt concentration of between 50 and 10,000 mg/l, and preferably between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/l, and more specifically between 2,500 and 3,000 mg/l. Alternatively, the solution may be prepared through plasma activation cells instead of electrolytic treatment. Yet further alternatively, the solution may be produced through dissolution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in water.
The solution may be used or applied either through generating an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or by
drinking it. The solution may be used in fogging machines, atomizers, nebulizers or humidifiers under high pressure, or via ultrasonic or spinning disc apparatus, as an aerosol, fog, through a nebulizer or a spray, having a particle size fraction of between 1 pm - 5 pm. It may be drank, nebulized or ventilated at a concentration of 0.1 - 360 g/i.
The solution may be used for treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia; and shingles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There are many diseases, syndromes and complications which can variously result in inefficiencies in exchange and transfer of oxygen to blood and consequently to various tissues, leading to shortness of breath, fainting and even death. It has been found that the composition of the invention is suitable for use in treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia. Referring only to Cystic Fibrosis (CF), by way of example, in order to treat this disease effectively, a patient needs to be nebulised daily with Pulmozyme (to break up the sticky phlegm in the airways), as well as Tobi (an inhalation antibiotic). Treatment costs are about R30,000 per month, compared to use of the solution of the invention, which costs less that R3,000 per month for the
same efficacy and safety. Treatment of the diseases mentioned above are costing health departments of each country millions of dollars yearly. The solution of the invention has the potential to make a significant impact in the market of each of the illnesses mentioned above.
Many conditions are associated with functioning of the lungs, and oxygen exchange and uptake in the lungs and tissues. These can be chronic conditions, such as problems arising from smoking or occupational damage to the lungs; or might be due to seasonal or incidental causes, such as flue, pneumonia, asthma or various allergies. More recently, the incidence of infection by airborne pathogens, particularly virus particles, has become more severe and widespread, of which the COVID-19 pandemic is a prime example. Almost without exception, all patients carrying clinical signs of the disease have one thing in common: they all have difficulty in breathing due to them having developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), with various degrees of intensity, leading to low PO2 levels in blood and tissue and eventually death by asphyxiation. The interventions presently accepted and widely used are generally slow and inefficient in their effect, complicated in implementation, and expensive to execute.
In contrast, it has been demonstrated that use of the solution of the invention, at the very least brings about a quick, significant and sustainable increase in PO2 levels of a critical patient. The applicants believe that such a treatment will render immediate relief to millions of sufferers globally, within a reasonably short period of time. This treatment protocol requires minimal approvals, as the solution can be applied as a
liquid humidification agent that can be administered safely by anybody to anybody, similar to an asthma inhaler. The effect of this treatment protocol is that the rate of oxygenation is immediately increased through trans-membranous capillary action, the effects of which can be measured with an oximeter, and ceased above 90%, to ensure optimal treatment. The secret of the invention is the formulation and the type of water being used. Normal water, even when steamed or altered in any other way, will not have the same effect and consequence. Electrochemically activated solutions are ionic in nature, with an elevated Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of anything between +500 mV to > +1200 mV, depending on the pH of the solution.
Alternatively, the solution of the invention can be dispensed through the alimentary canal, simply by drinking some solution. In empirical tests, anything from about 100ml to 500ml was effective, but often a standard-sized cup of 200ml - 250ml proved to be effective. The frequency of such drinking would be case-dependent, depending on the condition and requirements of a patient. However, in initial tests, both for prophylaxis and treatment, three times a day was adequate.
According to one aspect of the invention the solution is produced by electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :100 and 1 :2, and preferably a concentration of between 1 :4 and 1 :3. Alternatively, a brine solution (NaCI in water) is prepared with a salt concentration of between 50 and 10,000 mg/l, and preferably between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/l, and more specifically between 2,500 and 3,000 mg/l. Such a brine solution or saline is treated through an electrolytic cell, equipped with a membrane. The catholyte stream is then recirculated in whole or
in part, through the anodic chamber, under operating conditions that result in an anolyte stream, with the following primary properties:
(i) pH between 4 and 9, preferably between 5 and 7, and more specifically between 5.5 and 6.5. It can easily be measured in the field by a pH meter or by swimming pool water pH measuring kits.
(ii) ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) between 600mV and 1200mV, preferably between 800mV and 1 100mV, and more specifically between 85mV0 and 950mV. ORP is measured by an ORP meter.
(iii) FAC (Free Available Chlorine) between 1 ppm and 500ppm (or mg/l), preferably between 50ppm and 200ppm, and more specifically between 90ppm and 150ppm. FAC is measured by a FAC meter or by swimming pool water FAC measuring kits.
In related formulations, it is possible to have carbonate, bicarbonate and phosphate species in solution at between 10 and 10,000 ppm, in addition to or instead of chlorides.
It is also possible to prepare similarly active solutions and effective inhalants by means other than electrolysis, such as through plasma activation cells.
The applicants have identified three solutions that have proven to have optimal treatment efficacies, namely -
(iv) A solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid, at a pH of 5 - 7, a concentration, typically of 3 to 200 ppm, but more specifically of 5 - 195 ppm of free available
chlorine, ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of approximately 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI.
(v) A solution of stabilized hypochlorite, at a pH of 7 - 9, concentration, typically of 3 to 200 ppm, but more specifically of 5 - 95 ppm of hypochlorite, ORP of less than - 225 mV (negative 225 mV), and salinity of approximately 0.1 -10 g/i.
(vi) A solution of stabilized hypochlorous acid, at a pH of 5 - 8.5, a concentration, typically of 3 to 200 ppm, but more specifically of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine, ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of approximately 0.1 - 10 g/l, of NaCI and up to 5 g/l of sodium bicarbonate, or sodium carbonate.
These solutions may further be diluted into or by normal saline for various applications.
The solution may be used or applied either through generating an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or simply by drinking it.
It is believed that the solution of the invention works by increasing chlorine in the blood and thus oxygen delivery to the tissue. A rise in the HCO’ content of red cells is much greater than that in plasma as the blood diffuses out into the plasma. H+ cannot easily diffuse out because the red cell’s membrane is relatively impermeable to cations. Therefore, to maintain electrical neutrality, Cl’ ions move into the red blood cell from the plasma. This is the so-called “chloride shift”, also known as the “Hamburger phenomenon”, named after Hartog Jakob Hamburger. The chloride shift is
responsible for the fact that the chloride content of the red cells in venous blood is significantly greater than in arterial blood. The chloride shift occurs rapidly and is essentially complete in 1 second. For each CO2 molecule added to a red cell, there is an increase of one osmotically active particle, either an HCO’ or a Cl’ in the red cell. Consequently, the red cells take up water and increase in size. When the cells pass through the lung again, they shrink a little. The mechanism is illustrated in Figure 1 .
Similarly, drinking of, or ventilation or nebulization with the invention solution has an immediate and significant effect on PO2. As might be expected, the effect would vary depending on the dosage, i.e., the concentration of saline solution used. For example, in emergency situations, a hypertonic solution, up to the saturation levels of salt, generally about 360 g/l, would work more rapidly, whereas for chronic patients who may have to use the procedure a few times a day, it may be better to use less concentrated solutions, in order to reduce the load on other organs, such as the kidneys. It is therefore recommended that anything from a normal saline at about 9 g/l up to saturation levels of 360 g/l could be used, depending on the necessity of the situation.
The solutions according to the invention may be used as is; or may be electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell with or without a membrane, as anolyte, catholyte, or a mixture of the two; or a mixture of them with saline, or as an additive to it. It may be drank, nebulized or ventilated at a concentration of 0.1 - 360 g/l in order to induce higher PO2 in the blood and tissue and alleviate hypoxemia.
The solutions may be used singularly, or as a mixture, similarly administered, for alleviation of such pain and sensitivity as may be induced in such complications and disorders as shingles.
A whole range of pressure- and ultrasonic nebulizers have recently been developed for various uses and are available in the market. These devices generate exactly the correct droplet size of 1 - 5 pM, affording up to 90% placement within the alveoli inner wall without being expired after inhalation. Without such devices it would have been difficult to imagine locating efficient applicators, as even hand-held models can readily be acquired. The devices generate effective solutions using very little electricity generated by A4 batteries in your hand, eliminating off-site production, packaging and transportation. At least 10 patients can be treated within one hour and generally after restoration of oxygen uptake, the condition resolves totally. If required further symptomatic treatment like pain killers or antibiotics may then be applied. Obviously, hand held models can be used during ambulatory transportation. It is of no use administering more oxygen to the patient who cannot absorb it.
Results obtained from preliminary tests for this invention, indicated that PO2 increased from approximately 73% to over 94% in just over 3 minutes, simply by drinking about 200 ml of the solution. The same liquid may be applied in formal ICU and theatre settings to treat the same condition. It is envisaged that ingestion of approximately 10 - 500 ml or, more specifically, 200 - 250 ml of the proposed solution, in both a hospital ICU or general ward setting, or at home, would improve blood and tissue oxygen concentration levels within minutes.
In one case, an 84-year-old adult male patient, who had contracted ARDS during postoperative recovery in an ICU, and was intubated for mechanical respiration. Addition of 50 ml of neutral pH electrolysed solution at an ORP of 720 mV and a Free Available Chlorine (FAC) concentration of approximately 50 mg/litre into the humidification canister on his oxygen ventilation line resulted in his PO2 increasing from 72% to 95% within 45 minutes, and discharge from ICU into the general ward within 2 hours.
Anolyte solution is particularly effective in reducing the viscosity or “thickness” of the proteinaceous layer that builds up on the inside wall of infected alveoli. Such a layer drastically reduces and eventually prevents oxygen exchange not only by introducing an additional barrier to gas exchange, but also by producing bubbles and filling up the alveolar space. Due to its viscosity-reducing and surface-active properties, such as dispersion and detergency, anolyte easily thins the secreted mucus and destroys or bursts the bubbles, thus expediting gas diffusion and oxygen uptake by blood. In addition, such anolyte solution, which has amply been shown to act as a broad-based wide-ranging microbicide, is effective in keeping the oral cavity, respiratory tract and associated organs free of opportunistic infections, which is very important especially in otherwise compromised cases.
In applications in which dispersion of the solution is required, using such equipment as fogging machines, atomizers, nebulizers or humidifiers, generally two droplet size fractions are preferably required, together constituting a range of less than 5 pm. Due to the size of most viruses being less than 1 pm, it is preferable to have droplet sizes
of similar magnitude so as to increase the probability of interaction between droplets and virus particles suspended in gas streams. Due to crucial particle size of between 1 pm and 5pm, preferred for nebulization, it is estimated that more than 90% of administered solution will reach peripheral alveoli. Smaller droplets are inhaled and exhaled without attaching to the inner alveolar surface to complete its intended function. Likewise, larger droplets condensate against the inner surface of the endotracheal tubes, never reaching the alveoli, rendering such an intervention ineffective. Usually, condensed liquids in such a situation can be a source of bacterial and fungal infection directly into the bronchial tree and have life threatening consequences. However, the proposed solution proposed in this invention is microbicidal, mitigating the risk of infection.
Administration of effective solutions (referring to particle size fractions of less than 1 pm, or between 1 pm - 5 pm), generated by fogging machines, atomizers, nebulizers or humidifiers under high pressure, or via ultrasonic or spinning disc apparatus, is preferable. Some devices are suited for high care environments where all parameters can be pre-set, whilst a vast range of hand-held devices are suitable for self-treatment and quarantine situations. These applicators are affordable, require no spare parts or disposable items like filters, are battery powered and lightweight.
Current devices deliver between 6ml and 10ml doses applied over 10 minutes, which can be regarded as optimal. The optimal volumes must be determined as largeframed patients can be expected to require larger doses than light-framed individuals or children. The effective or optimal dose for particular patients will be reflected in
oximeters when reaching 90%, and discontinued when above that level. As used herein, a “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. The therapeutically effective amount or dose can depend on the age, gender and weight of the patient, and the prevailing medical condition of the patient. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors in addition to the present disclosure.
Due to the large number of variables involved, determination of accurate dosage or duration of assisted ventilation or humidification of space is difficult and strict specification can easily result in inadequate- or over-dosage. However, measurement of an adequate dose administered to the patient by measuring the SpO2% or oxygen saturation with the aid of an oximeter attached to the fingertip, can easily be done by a care-giver or the patient. Normal levels are between 90% and 100%. The following serves as a guideline in the treatment of ARDS:
(vii) 90 % - 100%: No evidence of impairment.
(viii) < 90%: Hypoxemia
(ix) < 80%: Hypoxemia - respiratory and cardiac arrest if continued
(x) < 75%: Loss of consciousness
Thus, the solutions may be administered to critically ill patients by lay, even illiterate personnel in the case of need and in the absence of trained personnel, by simply filling in the humidifiers or nebulizers. Also, a large number of patients can be administered treatment in a short period without cumbersome sterilization like autoclaving of equipment due to the disinfecting and sterilizing properties of the solution.
Treatment liquids may be stored and transported at ambient temperatures and will remain stable, therefore effective in all temperature ranges of the globe from the arctic to the tropics. The following are proposed treatment protocols: EGHA electro-saline is highly effective against all pathogens, but the solution must come into contact with the virus to kill it. Therefore, it is essential to apply thoroughly in the oral, nasal and throat, i.e., upper respiratory tract (URT), to disrupt and kill as much of the virus as possible. EGHA electro-saline must be used and applied as directed below, and not only partly, as partial treatment will leave some areas in the URT untreated where the virus can continue proliferating and multiplying. Begin treatment as quickly as possible to disrupt viral proliferation and multiplication as early and fast as possible.
Do not stop treatment when you start feeling better. Continue full treatment for at least
5 to 7 days after you have fully recovered.
Claims
1 . A solution of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, having a pH of 4 - 9; with a concentration of 3 - 300ppm of free available chlorine; and a salinity of 0.1 - 10g/I of NaCI, for use in increasing PO2 levels in the blood and tissue of a patient to treat hypoxemia.
2. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution comprises 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine.
3. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution has an ORP range of less than -300mV to more than +110OmV.
4. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution additionally includes up to 10 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
5. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution has a pH of 5 - 7; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than 625 mV, and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI.
6. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution has a pH of 7 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 95 ppm of hypochlorite; an ORP of less than -225 mV; and salinity of 0.1 -10 g/l of NaCI.
The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution has a pH of 5 - 8.5; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 5 g/l of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution includes at least one species of nano-metal particles selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ti, Cu, Zn, or the platinum group metals. The solution according to claim 8 wherein the solution has a pH of 4 - 9; a concentration of 5 - 195 ppm of free available chlorine; an ORP of more than +625mV; and salinity of 0.1 - 10 g/l of NaCI; and up to 1 g/l of at least one species of nano-metal particles selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ti, Cu, Zn, or the platinum group metals. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution is produced through electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :100 and 1 :2. The solution according to claim 10 wherein the solution is produced through electrolytic treatment of a saline solution, diluted with water to a concentration of between 1 :4 and 1 :3.
19 The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution is produced through electrolytic treatment of a brine solution (i.e., NaCI in water) with a salt concentration of between 50 and 10,000 mg/l. The solution according to claim 12 wherein the solution is produced through electrolytic treatment of a brine solution with a salt concentration of between 2,000 and 5,000 mg/l. The solution according to claim 13 wherein the solution is produced through electrolytic treatment of a brine solution with a salt concentration of between 2,500 and 3,000 mg/l. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution is produced through treatment of a saline solution through plasma activation cells. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution is produced through dissolution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in water. The solution according to claims 8 and 16 wherein the nano-metal particles are compressed with sodium dichloroisocyanurate into a tablet form and then dissolved in water to form the solution. The solution according to claim 1 wherein the solution is used or applied either through generating an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or by drinking it.
20 The solution according to claim 18 wherein the solution is used or applied in fogging machines, atomizers, nebulizers or humidifiers under high pressure, or via ultrasonic or spinning disc apparatus, as an aerosol, fog, through a nebulizer or a spray, having a particle size fraction of between 1 pm - 5 pm. The solution according to claim 18 wherein the solution is drank, nebulized or ventilated at a concentration of 0.1 - 360 g/L The solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 for use in treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia, and shingles. The solution according to 21 wherein the solution is administered as an aerosol or a fog; through a nebulizer for inhalation; a spray for sinuses, the nasal and oral cavity; or by drinking it. The solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 for use in wound treatment. The solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 for use in disinfecting and sanitizing air spaces, surface areas, skin and materials.
21 Use of a solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating diseases selected from the group consisting of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Recalcitrant Asthma, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), COVID and non-COVID Septicaemia, and shingles. Use of a solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 in the preparation of a medicament for use in treating wounds. Use of a solution according to anyone of claims 1 , 5, 6, 7 or 8 in the preparation of a disinfectant and sanitizing agent for use in air spaces, on surface areas, skin and materials.
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