JP2011116730A - Method for preventing and treating respiratory disease - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preventing and treating respiratory diseases against which an antibacterial agent and an anti-influenza drug are not effective; and to provide especially a method which, in the case of influenza, does not require vaccination having the worry of adverse reaction and is effective for treatment even in the case when virus proliferates and influenza becomes seriously ill so as to invalidate an anti-influenza drug. <P>SOLUTION: Pathogenic bacterium and virus, both being infected and being proliferating on the mucosa of the respiratory passage surface going to nose, throat, air tube, bronchus, and lung, are antisepticized by generating and aspirating microscopic vapor from an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid HOCl generated by neutrophil of biologic defense mechanism during foreign material phagocytosis. Pure hypochlorous acid HOCl, being same as neutrophil, is produced by using sodium hypochlorite as a raw material and by an electrolysis method using a cation exchange membrane. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention kills bacteria and viruses attached to and inhabiting the mucosal epithelium reaching the lungs through the upper and lower respiratory tracts from the nose to the throat and the trachea as shown in FIG. The present invention relates to the prevention and treatment of nasal cavity inflammation, tracheal and bronchial inflammation, and lung inflammation.

  Respiratory diseases are caused by both viruses and pathogens. Antibiotics that have appeared as saviors in tuberculosis have no effect on viruses. This is because antibiotics can pinpoint pathogens with complicated structures, components, and metabolism compared to viruses, so that there are no side effects on the human body. In the case of viruses, attack points are limited because the structure and metabolism are easier than pathogenic bacteria. Anti-influenza drugs known as Tamiflu (Chugai Pharmaceutical), Relenza (GlaxoSmithKline), Peramivir (Shionogi Pharmaceutical) and CS-8598 (Daisan Sankyo), which are scheduled to be released soon, are designed to exclude the virus growth process. And you can't kill the virus itself. Fever, Tamiflu and Relenza were administered, but severe pneumonia caused and death of a new influenza patient who died. From November 2002 to 2003, the cause of SARS (severe respiratory syndrome), which was suspected to start a pandemic of new influenza, was caused by a new type of coronavirus, which was initially atypical pneumonia because penicillin did not work.

  Antibiotics that are effective against fungi become less effective as their use expands. This is because they acquire <resistance> that mutates themselves and escapes the attack method of antibiotics with complex structures. A similar <tolerance> problem occurs with anti-influenza drugs such as Tamiflu and Relenza. In any case, because the generational change of the division / proliferation of bacteria / viruses is fast, those that have acquired <resistance> by mutation survive.

  A common problem with drugs is that they do not reach intensively at the site of infection or inflammation. In the case of capsules and tablets, it penetrates into the blood vessel from the small intestine, and in the case of subcutaneous injection and infusion, it directly enters the blood vessel and is sent to the whole body. This delays the arrival of the drug to the infected / inflamed site, resulting in an insufficient amount of drug and diminished efficacy. On the contrary, since the drug reaches a site that is not an infection site or an inflammation site, it causes adverse effects.

  In a vaccine that uses the immune function of a living body, a weakened pathogen or pathogenic virus, or a part of a divided part is injected subcutaneously. Since these are pathogens, serious side effects have occurred due to inflammation at the injection site and differences in the health and immunity of the vaccine recipient. The adverse effects of side effects are further a concern when adjuvants are added to enhance the expression of antibodies, and in the case of GlaxoSmithKline's new influenza, it was discontinued and recovered in Canada ([Non-Patent Document 1] ). Furthermore, incomplete antibodies in the body make it easier to develop the same type of infectious disease, and there is a detrimental effect called “antibody-dependent infection enhancement phenomenon” in which symptoms at the time of onset become severe.

  The basic problem with influenza vaccines is their inability to prevent infection. As a droplet infection, influenza viruses infect cells on the surface of the respiratory tract of the nose and throat that inhale air. No antibody generated from a vaccine in the blood has arrived here. It is said that the virus is proliferated from the surface cells of the respiratory tract and reaches the subcutaneous blood vessels, that is, it becomes effective after becoming severe, but death has already occurred from the recipient of the new influenza vaccine ([[ Non-patent document 2]). Even in the case of conventional influenza vaccines, there have been several cases in which they were vaccinated but died ([Non-Patent Document 3]). As for influenza vaccines, there is a reason why production was drastically reduced in Japan because it was ineffective in the public health in the past ([Non-Patent Document 4]).

A characteristic of patients who became severely dead due to the 2009 epidemic of influenza is that they have severe inflammation not only in the nose, throat, trachea and bronchi but also in the lungs ([Non-Patent Document 5]). . Fever, administration of anti-influenza drugs Tamiflu and Relenza is ineffective, and the end result is encephalopathy after death even if ventilator is secured in the intensive care unit and breathing is secured. Is reported every day.
Tokyo Shimbun November 24, 2009 Tokyo Newspaper November 26, 2009 Tokyo Shimbun January 18, 2009 Influenza epidemic situation in non-vaccinated areas: Maebashi City Influenza Research Group, Maebashi City Medical Association, Shuzo Yugami Head Influenza pandemic: Chapters 6 and 9: Kawaoka / Horimoto, Kodansha

  When it becomes severe with new influenza, it becomes viral pneumonia and many die. Causes of pneumonia include not only viruses but also non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumococci, MRSA, pulmonary fungi, oral bacteria (cause of aspiration pneumonia), mycoplasma and other pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms There are many. In both cases, antibiotics are considered to be specific medicines, but as described above, there are common problems such as <tolerance> problems and inability of the drug to concentrate on the affected area of the lung.

An object of the present invention is to directly kill pathogens and viruses that cause death of respiratory diseases without side effects. In the case of influenza, the virus itself is not toxic, but when the virus grows, the defense mechanism of the living body works, and a defense mediator called a cytokine is secreted. Various symptoms occur. Even if antipyretic and pain relief are applied as a coping therapy for these symptoms, virus growth and cytokine development continue, so many cases have been reported leading to death. We must kill the virus and pathogenic bacteria as soon as possible.
The safety conditions for pharmaceuticals are the necessary strength and the required amount for pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and only when needed (no residue) and only when needed (infection / inflammation), treatment There are no side effects other than the target affected area, and there is no <tolerance> problem that reduces the killing effect.

Hypochlorous acid is used as a means for solving the problems. Hypochlorous acid is generated as the last stop of foreign body phagocytosis by neutrophils evolved from macrophages ([Non-Patent Document 6]) as a defense mechanism of leukocytes in the body ([Non-Patent Document 7]). ). Hypochlorous acid HOCl reacts by being divided into hydroxy radicals · OH and chlorine atoms · Cl ([Non-Patent Document 8]).
Hydroxyl radical OH is the strongest active oxygen and produces much weaker O ₂ in the case of macrophages in the pre-evolution stage. Hydroxyl radical OH crosslinks amino acids constituting proteins and coagulates and modifies proteins. This can be easily understood from the fact that when hypochlorous acid water is poured into the transparent white of the egg, it becomes cloudy instantly. Hypochlorous acid HOCl is a triatomic molecule of hydrogen, oxygen and chlorine, which is much smaller than antibiotics and anti-influenza drugs, and has a simple chemical reaction. Therefore, the <resistance> problem does not occur as in the case of complex antibiotic / anti-influenza reactions. Moreover, since it will decompose | degrade gradually when it touches organic substances like protein, it will not remain.
"Immunity understood with pictures"; Toru Anbo, Kodansha Bacterial infection and defense mechanism against it-the coexistence and fight between bacteria and living body; Shiro Kanegasaki (Science of Biology-Genetics, April 1998, P53) Generation of chlorine atoms and human roxy radicals by laser photolysis of hypochlorous acid: Tokumura, Taniguchi, Shima (Photochemical Society Photochemistry Conference, published on September 11, 2001)

Hypochlorous acid HOCl is generated as hypochlorous acid water by electrolysis using sodium hypochlorite NaClO as a raw material. This is because hypochlorous acid HOCl cannot exist alone, but exists as an aqueous solution hydrated with water molecules.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the structure of electrolysis of water separated by a cation exchange membrane, when an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite is put into the anode chamber side, hydrogen ions H generated at the positive electrode as shown in [Chemical Formula 2] ⁺ and hypochlorite ion ClO anion ^- can hypochlorite HOCl neutral molecules bound to as Formula 1]. Hypochlorous acid is precipitated as a neutral molecule because hypochlorous acid is weakly acidic compared to hydrogen ion H ⁺ corresponding to a strong acid generated at the positive electrode. Na ⁺ cations in the anode chamber pass through the cation exchange membrane and are attracted to the negative electrode. In the cathode chamber, caustic soda NaOH is generated as shown in [Chemical Formula 1] with Na ⁺ cations and hydroxide ions OH ⁻ generated at the negative electrode as shown in [Chemical Formula 3]. The amounts of hydrogen ions H ⁺ and hydroxide ions OH ⁻ generated at the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively, are proportional to the current flowing between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the energization time, and hypochlorous acid placed on the anode chamber side. Depends on the concentration of sodium acid NaClO. The anode chamber changes from the alkalinity of the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution to the acidic hypochlorous acid water, while the cathode chamber changes from neutral water to alkaline caustic soda. Further, as for impurities contained in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, the cations pass through the cation exchange membrane and are separated into the cathode chamber, and the anions are attracted and deposited on the porous electrode of the positive electrode. In this way, pure hypochlorous acid water is obtained. In [Chemical Formula 2], oxygen is generated at the anode, and in [Chemical Formula 3], hydrogen is generated at the cathode. A cation exchange membrane made of a fluororesin is used for the cation exchange membrane 1 in FIG. 2, and a porous carbon electrode is used for the positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 4.

  For prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, hypochlorous acid water is delivered as vapor to the airway surface of the airway from the nose to the lungs infected with pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The role of the nose is to heat the inspiration to 36 ° C. near body temperature and humidify to saturated vapor near 100% of this temperature. In standard breathing, 700 CC / time, 7 L / min, about 10,000 L / day of air is inhaled. The saturated water vapor amount is as shown in the graph of FIG. When the hypochlorous acid water is heated to 40 ° C and the generated steam is sucked like the steam generator in the lower left of Fig. 1, the temperature is expected to drop, and the amount of steam water is 42g / 1000L from 36 ° C in the graph. About 17 g (17 cc) of hypochlorous acid water reaches the lungs behind the airway. Even if it is up to the nose and throat in the early stage of infection, it can reach even with a water droplet of a visible size on the nebulizer or hand spray in the otolaryngology treatment room. In order for water droplets to reach the depths of the lungs, the particle size is preferably 3 μm or less. The concentration of hypochlorous acid water can be changed according to the patient's suction ability and treatment time: 50 ppm (0.005%), 100 ppm (0.01%), 400 ppm (0.04%), 1000 ppm ( 0.1%) and of course intermediate concentrations of these can be produced.

  The strong bactericidal power of hypochlorous acid water is measured as shown in Table 1 under pure conditions. A is 57 ppm of this liquid, B is benzalkonium chloride, C is sodium hypochlorite (sodium) 200 ppm, which is the raw material of this liquid, and in the case of spore bacteria that are the disinfectant test bacteria described in the top column, 5 minutes later Although it has hardly decreased in B and C, it has drastically decreased in this solution.

The following effects can be expected by sucking fine vapor of hypochlorous acid water.
(1) It is effective for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
(2) It is particularly effective for severe pneumonia caused by a new type of influenza for which anti-influenza drugs are ineffective. When a ventilator is attached, the intake passage can be humidified.
(3) Since it reaches only the infected / proliferated site on the airway surface, there are no side effects on other sites.
(4) Since the action of hypochlorous acid HOCl is a simple chemical reaction, there is no problem of drug <resistance>.
(5) Since the action of hypochlorous acid HOCl is a simple chemical reaction, the effect does not depend on the type of bacteria or virus.
(6) If the room is humidified with hypochlorous acid water vapor, spray infection can be prevented, and medical staff and patients can concentrate on diagnosis and treatment with peace of mind.

Respiratory system structure and hypochlorous acid water vapor inhaler Hypochlorous acid water generator Relationship between air temperature, saturated water vapor volume and saturated water vapor pressure

1 eye 2 nose 3 mouth 4 nasal cavity 5 pharynx 6 larynx 7 trachea 8 bronchi 9 hypochlorous acid water 10 temperature control heater 11 fine steam 12 nose 13 cation exchange membrane 14 gasket (packing)
15 Positive electrode 16 Negative electrode 17 Anode chamber wall 18 Cathode chamber wall 19 Liquid supply port 20 Liquid discharge port

Claims (4)

Prevention and treatment methods using hypochlorous acid water for respiratory diseases. Prevention and treatment methods for inhaling hypochlorous acid water vapor near body temperature for respiratory diseases. The hypochlorous acid water of the above-mentioned claim is obtained by adding pure sodium hypochlorite water obtained by putting an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite into an anode chamber partitioned by a cation exchange membrane by a method of electrolysis of water. A method for preventing and treating respiratory diseases characterized by using. A method of preventing and treating a respiratory disease, characterized in that a fluorinated resin-based membrane is used as the cation exchange membrane and carbon is used as an electrode material.

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