WO2022021843A1 - 变轨距轮对及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

变轨距轮对及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021843A1
WO2022021843A1 PCT/CN2021/076579 CN2021076579W WO2022021843A1 WO 2022021843 A1 WO2022021843 A1 WO 2022021843A1 CN 2021076579 W CN2021076579 W CN 2021076579W WO 2022021843 A1 WO2022021843 A1 WO 2022021843A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axle
locking
positioning
pair
self
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076579
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马利军
周平宇
乔青峰
王旭
张振先
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to EP21851372.9A priority Critical patent/EP4056447A4/en
Publication of WO2022021843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021843A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/04—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque straight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicle gauge change, and in particular, to a gauge change wheelset and a rail vehicle.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the present application proposes a track gauge wheelset, which has simple track change operation and high gauge change reliability.
  • the application also proposes a rail vehicle.
  • a gauge change wheelset includes an axle, a pair of wheels, a pair of axle sleeves, an outer sleeve and a linkage mechanism;
  • the outer periphery of the first end of the shaft sleeve is provided with a wheel mounting seat, the outer periphery of the second end of the shaft sleeve is configured with a section of external splines extending along its axial direction, and the inner periphery of the second end of the shaft sleeve is configured with a section of a first non-self-locking thread, a pair of the first non-self-locking threads have opposite directions of rotation, and a pair of the wheels is fastened on the wheel mounting seat of a pair of the axle sleeves;
  • the axle is provided with two second non-self-locking threads that form a pair of non-self-locking threads with the first non-self-locking thread at intervals; the wheel is mounted on the axle through the axle sleeve, and the first non-self-locking thread is A non-self-locking thread is matched and connected with the second non-self-locking thread; the axle is configured with at least one first thread circumferentially disposed around the axle at the position between the pair of the second non-self-locking threads raceway;
  • the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the axle, the inner circumference of the outer sleeve is configured with a second raceway corresponding to the first raceway, and the first raceway is connected to the second raceway.
  • the rolling spaces are formed by the intersection of the tracks, and the rolling bodies are installed in the rolling spaces to rotatably connect the outer sleeve to the outside of the axle, and the outer sleeve is located in the second raceway.
  • Both axial sides of the shaft and at the set distance from the second raceway are respectively provided with internal splines that match the external splines on the shaft sleeve;
  • the linkage mechanism is installed between the axle and the outer sleeve for locking or unlocking the rotation of the outer sleeve relative to the axle.
  • the outer periphery of the axle near the middle portion is configured with a section of external splines extending in the axial direction of the axle, and the axle is located at the external splines of the axle with a radially extending through spline.
  • An oblong hole, the longitudinal direction of the oblong hole is along the axial direction of the axle.
  • the linkage mechanism includes a locking slip ring, a thrust pin and a locking elastic member
  • the locking slip ring is slidably sleeved at the outer spline of the axle, and the locking slip ring is provided with an inner spline matching the outer spline of the axle, and the locking slip ring There are external splines that match the internal splines of the outer sleeve, and the locking slip ring is radially provided with a pair of opening grooves on its inner wall, and the openings of the opening grooves are connected to the locking grooves.
  • One end of the slip ring is connected, the thrust pin passes through the oblong hole, and the two ends of the thrust pin are exposed to the oblong hole, and the two ends of the thrust pin exposed to the oblong hole are formed by the opening groove.
  • the opening is embedded in a pair of the opening grooves, the locking elastic member is sleeved on the axle, and one end of the locking elastic member is against the outer wall of the first raceway, and the other end is against the outer wall of the first raceway.
  • the axle is provided with a central through hole in the axial direction, the thrust rod is penetrated in the central through hole, and one end of the thrust rod penetrates the axle
  • the central through hole of the thrust pin abuts on one side of the opening groove of the thrust pin, the other end of the thrust rod extends to the end of the axle, and by applying a thrust to the thrust rod, the The thrust rod pushes the locking slip ring to compress the locking elastic member and leave the inner spline of the outer sleeve to unlock the rotation of the outer sleeve relative to the axle.
  • the length of the first non-self-locking thread is greater than the length of the second non-self-locking thread, and is equal to half of the variable gauge
  • the inner circumference of the outer sleeve is configured with an annular boss at the second raceway, and after the outer sleeve is connected to the axle, the outer sleeves on both axial sides of the rolling space A pair of installation spaces for the axle sleeves are formed between the barrel and the axle;
  • the second raceway is provided with a rolling element installation hole, and the rolling element is installed in the rolling space through the rolling element installation hole;
  • the locking elastic member is a locking spring.
  • a thrust conversion mechanism is further included, and axle boxes are installed at both ends of the axle and outside the wheel;
  • the thrust conversion mechanism includes a mounting seat and a thrust shaft, the mounting seat is mounted on the outer end of the axle box body close to one end of the thrust rod, and the mounting seat is provided along the axial direction of the axle box body. horizontal through hole;
  • the push shaft is movably penetrated in the horizontal through hole and is opposite to the push rod, and the push shaft is opposite to the installation seat and located at the position of the push shaft and the installation seat.
  • One of the seats is provided with an opening slot, the axis of the opening slot is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal through hole, a positioning piece is installed in the opening slot, and the positioning piece and the opening slot are elastically pre-determined.
  • a tightening piece is connected, the other one of the push shaft and the mounting seat is configured with a positioning pocket, and the positioning end of the positioning piece is matched with the positioning pocket;
  • the positioning end of the positioning piece is located in the positioning pocket, the push shaft is in a locked state, and the push shaft is pushed so that the positioning end of the positioning piece leaves the positioning pocket, and the push shaft is pushed away from the positioning pocket.
  • the shaft is movable to push the thrust rod.
  • the mounting seat includes a seat body and an extension seat extending to one side along the seat body, and the seat body and the extension seat are connected by a transition connecting seat in the shape of a frustum , the large end of the transition connecting seat is connected to the seat body, the small end of the transition connecting seat is connected to the extension seat, the surrounding of the seat body is provided with connecting holes, and the horizontal through holes penetrate the An extension seat, a transition connecting seat and the seat body.
  • the underside of the extension seat is provided with a notch penetrating through the end thereof;
  • the outer end of the push shaft extends downward with a push portion, and when the positioning end of the positioning member is located in the positioning recess, the outer end of the push shaft is flush with the outer end of the extension seat ;
  • the pushing portion is pushed so that the positioning end of the positioning member leaves the positioning recess and moves along the notch.
  • an outer end of the extension base is provided with a push-up cover
  • the outer end of the push shaft is configured with a connecting portion extending downward and inclined toward the direction away from the push pressing cover, the push portion is formed at the free end of the connecting portion, and the push portion is configured with vertical plane;
  • a friction block is installed on the vertical plane of the pushing portion.
  • the positioning member is a positioning pin, the positioning end of the positioning pin is configured as a convex arc surface, and the positioning recess is configured as a matching surface with the convex arc surface.
  • the elastic preload is a preload spring, one end of the preload spring is fastened in the opening groove, and the other end of the preload spring is fastened and sleeved on the end of the positioning pin away from the positioning end .
  • a push shaft support ring is fixed at the end of the axle, the push shaft support ring is coaxial with the central through hole, and the push shaft support ring is partially extended into In the central through hole, the inner diameter of the push shaft support ring matches the outer diameter of the push shaft, and the push shaft enters the central through hole through the push shaft support ring and pushes the push shaft. the thrust rod.
  • a rail vehicle includes a vehicle body and a bogie disposed under the vehicle body, and each of the bogies is provided with a pair of the variable gauge wheelsets.
  • a linkage mechanism is installed between the axle and the outer sleeve for locking or unlocking the rotation of the outer sleeve relative to the axle, and the linkage mechanism is unlocked
  • the outer sleeve rotates relative to the axle and the wheels are in the unloaded state, by pushing a pair of wheels to rotate synchronously, the pair of wheels are moved closer to each other or away from each other until the distance of the gauge change is reached, so as to realize the gauge change.
  • the track gauge has high reliability.
  • the rail vehicle of the embodiment of the present application has all the advantages of the gauge-changeable wheelset by providing the above-mentioned gauge-changeable wheelset, which will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the centering bushing of the variable gauge wheel set according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is the axial sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the centering bushing of the variable gauge wheelset according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the center axle of the variable gauge wheel according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an outer sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the outer sleeve is used for a motor vehicle;
  • FIG. 6 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an outer sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the outer sleeve is used for a trailer;
  • FIG. 7 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a gauge-changing wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another gauge-changing wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG. 8 .
  • Second raceway ;42 internal spline; 50, axle box body; 60, locking slip ring; 70, locking spring; 80, thrust pin; 90, thrust rod; 100, thrust conversion mechanism; 101, mounting seat; 101-1 , seat body; 101-2, transition connection seat; 101-3, extension seat; 102, push shaft; 102-1, push part; 103, positioning pin; 104, preload spring; 105, friction block; 106 107, push shaft support ring; 110, sliding bearing; 120, gear box; 130, brake disc; 140, gear box mounting seat; 150, brake disc mounting interface.
  • connection and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features pass through the middle indirect contact with the media.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature being “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a track gauge wheelset.
  • a gauge-change wheelset includes an axle sleeve 20, an outer sleeve 40, an axle 10, a pair of wheels 30 and a linkage mechanism.
  • the outer periphery of the first end of the axle sleeve 20 is provided with a wheel mounting seat 24, the width of the wheel mounting seat 24 is consistent with the width of the hub of the wheel 30, the wheel 30 is fastened on the wheel mounting seat 24, and the wheel 30 can pass through the wheel mounting seat 24.
  • a good fit ensures the reliability of the connection between the two.
  • the inner circumference of the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is configured with a first non-self-locking thread 21 .
  • the first non-self-locking threads 21 of the pair of axle sleeves 20 have opposite directions of rotation, and the pair of wheels 30 are fastened to the wheel mounts 24 of the pair of axle sleeves 20.
  • the threads 21 form the second non-self-locking threads 14 of the non-self-locking thread pair, that is, the rotation directions of the pair of second non-self-locking threads 14 are also opposite.
  • the wheel 30 is mounted on the axle 10 through the bushing 20 , and the first non-self-locking thread 21 is matched with the second non-self-locking thread 14 .
  • the two wheels 30 can mutually Approach or move away from each other until it moves to the set gauge change position to complete the gauge change.
  • the axle sleeve 20 By arranging the axle sleeve 20 , the wheel 30 can easily slide along the axle 10 to realize the gauge change, and the connection structure of the axle 10 and the wheel 30 is simple, and the gauge change reliability is high.
  • the shaft sleeve 20 engages with the second non-self-locking thread 14 of the axle 10 by using the first non-self-locking thread 21 to transmit part of the torque, and to generate relative rotation and lateral movement between the shaft sleeve 20 and the axle 10 in the unlocked state.
  • the length of the first non-self-locking thread 21 is greater than the length of the second non-self-locking thread 14 , and the greater length is equal to half of the variable gauge, so that the two wheels 30 can follow the respective bushings 20 relative to the axle 10 .
  • each moves half of the gauge change so that the sum of the distances moved by the two wheels 30 is equal to the distance of the desired gauge change.
  • the inner circumference of the shaft sleeve 20 extends from the first end to the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 with a sliding bearing installation groove 23 .
  • the sliding bearing installation groove 23 extends to the position close to the first non-self-locking thread 21 , and the length of the sliding bearing installation groove 23 is the length of the sliding bearing 110 . It is stable and smooth, and has a protective effect on the shaft sleeve 20.
  • the inner circumference of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with a sealing ring installation groove at the position between the sliding bearing installation groove 23 and the first non-self-locking thread 21, and the sealing ring installation groove is used for installing the sealing ring, In order to have a sealing effect on the end of the sliding bearing 110 .
  • the first end of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with a sliding bearing gland installation groove 25, and the sliding bearing gland installation groove 25 is used to install the sliding bearing gland, and the sliding bearing gland installation groove 25 is used to install the sliding bearing gland.
  • the bottom surface of 25 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes at circumferential intervals, so that the sliding bearing gland can be fixed in the sliding bearing gland mounting groove 25 through fasteners, and the sliding bearing 110 can be fixed by the sliding bearing gland.
  • the sliding bearing The inner circumference of the gland is provided with a sealing ring installation groove for installing the sealing ring, thereby forming a sealing structure at both ends of the sliding bearing 110 to prevent grease from entering the joint surface of the sliding bearing 110 and the axle 10 .
  • the outside of the shaft sleeve 20 is in a three-stage stepped shape from the first end to the second end in diameter from large to small, the wheel mounting seat 24 has the largest diameter and the highest strength, and each The connection of the first-level steps is connected by the arc surface transition to avoid stress concentration at the connection between the steps.
  • the outer periphery of the axle 10 near the middle portion is constructed with a section of external splines extending axially along the axle 10 , and the outer periphery of the axle 10 is located on both axial sides of the external splines 11 of the axle.
  • the axle 10 is also provided with two second non-self-locking threads 14 with opposite rotation directions, and the two second non-self-locking threads 14 are respectively arranged on the shaft of the external spline.
  • each second non-self-locking thread 14 and the external spline 11 of the axle there is a space between each second non-self-locking thread 14 and the external spline 11 of the axle, and the axle 10 is located at the external spline 11 of the axle with an oblong hole 12 penetrating along its radial direction, That is to say, the oblong hole 12 and the external spline are overlapped, and the longitudinal direction of the oblong hole 12 is along the axial direction of the axle 10 , that is, the longitudinal direction of the oblong hole 12 is consistent with the extension direction of the external spline 11 of the axle.
  • the axle 10 is configured with at least one first raceway 13 circumferentially arranged around the axle 10 at a position between one of the second non-self-locking threads 14 and the external spline 11 of the axle, and the first raceway 13 is close to The external splines 11 of the axle are set.
  • the cross section of the first raceway 13 is a concave semicircle.
  • the outer sleeve 40 is sleeved outside the axle 10 , and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is configured with a second raceway 41 corresponding to the first raceway 13 .
  • the size and shape of the second raceway 41 are the same as those of the first raceway 13 .
  • the size and shape of the second raceway 41 are the same, that is, the cross section of the second raceway 41 is also a concave semicircle;
  • the rolling space is circular, and the rolling elements are installed in the rolling space through the rolling element mounting holes.
  • the outer diameter of the rolling elements matches the inner diameter of the rolling space.
  • the rolling elements can be balls and fill the rolling space.
  • a sealing plug is provided at the mounting hole of the rolling element; by connecting the outer sleeve 40 with the axle 10 through the rolling elements, the outer sleeve 40 is rotatably connected outside the axle 10, in other words , so that the outer sleeve 40 has rotational freedom, but restricts the movement freedom of the outer sleeve 40 , that is, the outer sleeve 40 can rotate relative to the axle 10 but cannot move.
  • the outer circumference of the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is configured with a section of external splines extending along its axial direction. After installation, the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is located inside the wheel 30 and faces the outer sleeve 40; the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is located on the first On the two axial sides of the second raceway 41 and at the set distance from the second raceway 41, there are respectively internal splines 42 matching the external splines on the shaft sleeve 20. The shaft sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 pass through the outer sleeve.
  • the inner splines 42 of the barrel 40 are matched with the outer splines 22 of the sleeve, so that the sleeve 20 can rotate together with the outer sleeve 40 , or the sleeve 20 can move axially relative to the outer sleeve 40 .
  • the axle sleeve 20 by arranging the axle sleeve 20 , the torque transmission between the wheel 30 and the outer sleeve 40 and the lateral slip between the wheel 30 and the axle 10 are realized.
  • the shaft sleeve 20 has a simple and reliable structure, and can realize the transformation between various different gauges.
  • set distance can be set according to specific needs, and the set distance between the inner splines 42 on both axial sides of the second raceway 41 and the second raceway 41 can be different.
  • the linkage mechanism of this embodiment is installed between the axle 10 and the outer sleeve 40 to lock or unlock the rotation of the outer sleeve 40 relative to the axle 10 .
  • the pair of wheels 30 are moved closer to each other or away from each other until the distance of the gauge change is reached, so as to realize the gauge change.
  • the variable gauge wheelset of this embodiment further includes a thrust rod 90 .
  • the axle 10 is provided with a central through hole 15 in the axial direction, the thrust rod 90 is inserted in the central through hole 15, the gauge-change wheel is centered, one end of the thrust rod 90 is connected with the linkage mechanism, and the other end of the thrust rod 90 extends to the axle At the outer end of the thrust rod 90, the thrust rod 90 drives the linkage mechanism to unlock the wheel 30 by applying a thrust to the thrust rod 90.
  • the linkage mechanism includes a locking slip ring 60, a thrust pin 80 and a locking elastic member.
  • the locking slip ring 60 is slidably sleeved at the outer spline 11 of the axle, and the locking slip ring 60 is provided with an inner spline 42 that matches the outer spline 11 of the axle.
  • the locking slip ring 60 is radially provided with a pair of open grooves on its inner wall, and the openings of the open grooves communicate with one end of the locking slip ring 60 , the thrust pin 80 passes through the oblong hole 12 and the two ends of the thrust pin 80 are exposed to the oblong hole 12, and the two ends of the thrust pin 80 exposed to the oblong hole 12 are embedded in a pair of open grooves by the opening of the open groove, and the thrust
  • the length of the pin 80 is the same as the distance between the top walls of a pair of open grooves, and both ends of the thrust pin 80 abut against the top walls of the open groove.
  • the thickness of the thrust pin 80 is consistent with the width of the open groove, The connection between the thrust pin 80 and the locking slip ring 60 is reliable.
  • the width of the thrust pin 80 is smaller than the length of the oblong hole 12, and the thickness of the thrust pin 80 is less than or equal to the width of the oblong hole 12; in addition, the locking slip ring 60
  • the width should not be too wide to ensure that the locking slip ring 60 can move in the space between the second raceway 41 of the outer sleeve 40 and the inner spline 42 of the outer sleeve 40 .
  • the length of the oblong hole 12 should be slightly smaller than the length of the external spline 11 of the axle, so that the locking slip ring 60 always moves on the external spline 11 of the axle.
  • a locking elastic member such as a locking spring 70 is sleeved on the axle 10, one end of the locking elastic member abuts against the outer wall of the first raceway 13, that is, the stop end face, and the other end abuts against the locking slip ring 60 away from the opening groove
  • the outer splines of the locking slip ring 60 are at least partially located in the inner splines 42 on the corresponding sides of the outer sleeve 40, and the inner splines of the locking slip ring 60 42 engages with the external splines 11 of the axle to lock the rotation of the outer sleeve 40, thereby fixing the outer sleeve 40 relative to the axle 10.
  • the wheel 30 is an integral structure with the axle sleeve 20, the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10. There is no relative rotation relative to each other, and the wheels 30 are in a locked state.
  • one end of the thrust rod 90 penetrates into the central through hole 15 of the axle 10 and abuts against the side of the thrust pin 80 located in the opening groove, and the other end of the thrust rod 90 extends to the end of the axle 10.
  • 90 exerts a thrust, so that the thrust rod 90 pushes the locking slip ring 60 to compress the locking elastic member and away from the inner splines 42 of the outer sleeve 40 to unlock the rotation of the outer sleeve 40 relative to the axle 10 .
  • the first non-self-locking thread 21 is a trapezoidal thread
  • the second non-self-locking thread 14 is a trapezoidal thread matching the trapezoidal thread, and the performance of the trapezoidal thread is reliable.
  • the locking elastic member may also adopt other elastic sleeves with certain elasticity.
  • the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is configured with a second raceway 41 and an annular boss is provided, the second raceway 41 is formed on the annular boss, and the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10 pass through balls
  • an installation space for a pair of axle sleeves 20 is formed between the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10 .
  • the sliding bearing 110 is in sliding contact with the axle 10 and is inserted into the outer sleeve 40 from the installation space.
  • the axle 10 forms an annular flange at the position where the first raceway 13 is constructed, and the outer diameter of the annular flange is larger than the outer diameter of the rest of the axle 10, so as to be formed at both axial ends of the annular flange
  • the end face of the stop is used to define the limit position of the movement of the sleeve 20 .
  • a gear box 120 is installed outside the outer sleeve 40 , and for a wheelset with a change in gauge on a trailer, a plurality of brake discs 130 are installed on the outside of the outer sleeve 40 .
  • first raceways 13 there are two first raceways 13, and the two first raceways 13 are arranged side by side.
  • second raceways 41 are two, thus forming two side-by-side raceway spaces.
  • the axle 10 is divided into the main axle shaft and the auxiliary axle axle by the first raceway 13 , and the axle 10 part with the external splines and the oblong hole 12 is the main axle axle.
  • the locking slip ring 60 is installed on the main half shaft, and the opening groove of the locking slip ring 60 opens towards the free end of the main half shaft, and the locking spring 70 is installed on the stop end face of the annular flange and the locking slip ring 60 between.
  • the first raceway 13 is arranged close to the external spline 11 of the axle.
  • the distance between the external splines 11 of the axle and the adjacent second non-self-locking threads 14 is equal to the distance between the annular flange and the adjacent second non-self-locking threads 14, and Both are equal to half of the variable gauge, which is the movement space of the first non-self-locking thread 21 of the bushing 20 .
  • the outer sleeve 40 is constructed with a gearbox mounting seat 140 to install the gearbox 120; as shown in FIG. 6 , for the variable gauge wheelset of the trailer, the outer sleeve
  • the brake disc installation interface 150 is constructed outside the 40 , and the brake disc installation interfaces 150 are arranged at intervals to install a plurality of brake discs 130 arranged at intervals.
  • axle boxes 50 two ends of the axle 10 located outside the pair of wheels 30 are respectively mounted with axle boxes 50 .
  • both axial ends of the axle 10 are configured as stepped shafts with diameters at both ends smaller than the middle diameter, so that the shafts at both ends of the stepped shaft are used to install the axle box body 50 .
  • sliding sections are respectively formed on the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft between each section of the second non-self-locking thread 14 and the shaft end of the intermediate shaft, so that the sliding bearings 110 of the shaft sleeve 20 face each other. Sliding on the axle 10.
  • the central through hole 15 provided on the axle 10 is beneficial to reduce the weight of the axle 10 .
  • the gauge-changing wheelset of this embodiment further includes a thrust conversion mechanism 100, which can directly apply a thrust to the thrust rod 90 by means of an external force during track change, and the thrust conversion mechanism 100 is installed on the axle 10 at one end of the thrust rod 90, That is, the thrust conversion mechanism 100 only needs to be installed on one end of the axle 10 .
  • the thrust conversion mechanism 100 includes a mounting seat 101 and a push shaft 102 axially passing through the mounting seat 101 , the mounting seat 101 is fixedly installed outside the axle box body 50 , and the push shaft 102 Connected to the thrust rod 90 , when the track side wall of the ground track change facility applies an axial thrust to the thrust shaft 102 , the thrust shaft 102 pushes the thrust rod 90 to move to unlock the wheel 30 .
  • the mounting seat 101 is provided with a horizontal through hole along the axial direction of the axle box body 50 ; the push shaft 102 is movably penetrated through the horizontal through hole, and the push shaft 102 is opposite to the end of the thrust rod 90 located at the outer end of the axle 10 .
  • the thrust shaft 102 is opposite to the mounting seat 101 and is located in one of the thrust shaft 102 and the mounting seat 101 with an open slot, that is to say, the open slot can be opened on the radial outer wall of the push shaft 102. It can be opened on the corresponding inner wall of the mounting seat 101 .
  • the axis of the opening slot is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal through hole, a positioning piece is installed in the opening slot, and the positioning piece and the opening slot are connected by an elastic preload, so that the positioning piece can have a certain amount of movement along its axis, and the push shaft
  • the other one of 102 and the mounting seat 101 is constructed with a positioning pit, that is to say, when an opening groove is provided on the push shaft 102, a positioning pit is provided on the mounting seat 101, and vice versa, when an opening is provided on the mounting seat 101.
  • a positioning dimple is provided on the push shaft 102 .
  • the positioning end of the positioning member is matched with the positioning recess.
  • the positioning recess is a matching spherical surface, and the two spherical surfaces are compatible.
  • the push shaft 102 When the positioning end of the positioning member is located in the positioning pit, the push shaft 102 is in a locked state, and when the push shaft 102 is subjected to a lateral thrust so that the positioning end of the positioning member leaves the positioning pit, the push shaft 102 is in a movable state, Specifically, the lateral thrust acts on the positioning end of the positioning member, generating a vertical component force, compressing the elastic preloading member, so that the positioning member is retracted into the opening groove, and the lateral positioning of the pushing shaft 102 is released. At this time, the pushing shaft 102 In the movable state, continuing to push the push shaft 102 can push the push rod 90 .
  • the thrust rod 90 is pushed through the push shaft 102, and the thrust rod 90 pushes the thrust pin 80 to drive the locking slip ring 60 to compress the locking elastic member on the axle. 10 moves away from the inner splines 42 of the outer sleeve 40 to disengage the inner splines 42 of the outer sleeve 40, thereby unlocking the rotational freedom of the outer sleeve 40.
  • the shaft sleeve 20 If it is pushed at this time, the shaft sleeve 20 If it is connected with the axle 10 through the non-self-locking thread pair, the outer sleeve 40 , the wheel 30 and the axle sleeve 20 will rotate together around the axle 10 , and the first non-self-locking thread 21 of the axle sleeve 20 is along the second non-self-locking thread of the axle 10 .
  • the thread 14 moves during the rotation, so that the wheel 30 moves along with the bushing 20 during the rotation until the gauge change is completed.
  • the ground track change facility will no longer exert thrust on the push shaft 102, that is, the thrust of the thrust rod 90 on the thrust pin 80 is removed at this time, and the thrust pin 80 will follow the elastic reset action of the locking elastic member.
  • the locking slip ring 60 returns to its original position, that is, the external splines of the locking slip ring 60 are re-inserted into the internal splines 42 of the outer sleeve 40 to lock the rotational freedom of the outer sleeve 40.
  • the shaft sleeve 20 and the The outer sleeve 40 cannot rotate relative to the axle 10, the axle sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 can only rotate together with the axle 10, that is, the axle sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 are locked on the axle 10, and the wheel 30 is re-locked.
  • a push shaft support ring 107 is fixed at the end of the axle 10 , and the push shaft support ring 107 is coaxial with the central through hole 15 .
  • the push shaft support ring 107 partially extends into the central through hole 15, so that the push shaft support ring 107 can be installed reliably.
  • the inner diameter of the push shaft support ring 107 matches the outer diameter of the push shaft 102.
  • This embodiment is convenient and reliable to change the gauge, and the overall structure is simple.
  • the mounting seat 101 includes a seat body 101-1 and an extension seat 101-3 extending to one side along the seat body 101-1, and the seat body 101-1 and the extension seat 101-3 pass through
  • the transition connection seat 101-2 in the shape of a frustum is connected, the large end of the transition connection seat 101-2 is connected with the seat body 101-1, and the small end of the transition connection seat 101-2 is connected with the extension seat 101-3, forming a large end.
  • a small structure at one end which can form a reasonable avoidance and match with the ground track change facility.
  • the base body 101-1 is provided with connecting holes around it, and the base body 101-1 is installed on the outer end of the axle box body 50 by passing the connecting piece through the connecting holes.
  • the horizontal through hole penetrates the extension seat 101-3, the transition connection seat 101-2 and the seat body 101-1.
  • the extension seat 101-3, the transition connection seat 101-2 and the seat body 101-1 are integrally formed, which is convenient for processing. and high strength.
  • the mounting seat 101 of this embodiment is directly installed on the outer end of the axle box body 50 , and can simultaneously function as the outer end cover of the axle box body 50 .
  • the shape of the seat body 101 - 1 matches the shape of the outer end of the axle box body 50 . , for example, it can be square, and arcs are rounded around the square.
  • the base body 101-1 is in the shape of a plate
  • the extension base 101-3 is in the shape of a cylinder.
  • the underside of the extension seat 101-3 is provided with a notch that penetrates through the end thereof, and the notch can be formed by cutting a side wall corresponding to a sub-arc along the axial direction from the end of the extension seat 101-3; the specific cutting length is based on Set the length of the desired gauge change.
  • the outer end of the push shaft 102 is flush with the outer end of the extension seat 101-3; that is, the push shaft 102 in the mounting seat 101 is specifically the extension seat 101-3
  • the push shaft 102 in the mounting seat 101 is specifically the extension seat 101-3
  • the push shaft 102 moves into the extension seat 101-3 along the gap.
  • the pushing portion 102-1 receives a lateral thrust until the positioning end of the positioning member leaves the positioning recess and moves along the gap, and the specific movable length is equal to the length of the gap.
  • the outer end of the extension base 101 - 3 is provided with a pushing cover 106 for limiting the position of the pushing shaft 102 to avoid the pushing shaft 102 protrudes from the outer end of the extension base 101-3.
  • the outer end of the push shaft 102 is configured with a connecting portion extending downward and inclined toward the direction away from the push cover 106 , the free end of the connecting portion is configured with a push portion 102-1, and the push portion 102-1 is configured with a vertical On the plane, by disposing the push portion 102-1 at the lower end of the push shaft 102, it is convenient to push the push shaft 102 from the bottom of the push shaft 102.
  • a friction block 105 is installed on the vertical plane of the pushing portion 102-1.
  • the strength of the pushing portion 102-1 is enhanced on the one hand, and the pushing portion is prolonged on the other hand.
  • the service life of the part 102-1 is increased, and when the friction block 105 wears to the service life, it can be replaced directly without replacing the pushing part 102-1 and the mounting seat 101, which saves costs.
  • the positioning member is a positioning pin 103
  • the positioning end of the positioning pin 103 is configured as a convex circular arc surface, such as a convex spherical surface
  • the positioning pit is configured as an inner concave matching the convex circular arc surface
  • the arc surface, such as the concave spherical surface; the convex arc surface is located in the concave arc surface, so that the positioning end can be withdrawn from the positioning pit in time when it is subjected to lateral thrust.
  • the positioning pin 103 When the positioning pin 103 is subjected to a lateral thrust, its convex arc surface is subjected to a vertical thrust force component and a lateral thrust force component, and the vertical thrust force component compresses the elastic preload so that the positioning pin 103 moves downward, and at the same time The lateral thrust component pushes the positioning pin 103 away from the positioning pocket.
  • the elastic preloading member may be a preloading spring 104, one end of the preloading spring 104 is fastened in the opening groove, and the other end of the preloading spring 104 is fastened and sleeved on the position of the positioning pin 103 away from the positioning end.
  • the positioning pin 103 may be provided with a connecting end with a diameter smaller than that of the positioning end, a positioning step is formed at the connection between the connecting end and the positioning end, and the preload spring 104 is directly sleeved on the connecting end and abuts against the positioning step.
  • Unlocking section the axle box 50 is gradually raised by the unlocking rail, so that the wheel 30 is unloaded.
  • the thrust conversion mechanism 100 is triggered, the push shaft 102 is pushed inward to contact the thrust rod 90, and the thrust pin 80 and the locking slip ring are pushed.
  • 60 moves inward and compresses the locking spring 70 until the locking slip ring 60 is out of contact with the inner splines 42 of the outer sleeve 40 , and the rotational constraint between the axle 10 and the axle sleeve 20 is released.
  • variable pitch section Entering the variable pitch section, the wheel 30 moves inward (or outward) under the action of the lateral force of the gauge change, and the wheel 30 and the shaft sleeve 20 rotate together around the non-self-locking thread pair to reach the target rail. distance.
  • Locking section Entering the locking section, the unlocking rail gradually lowers and exits the supporting role, and the locking slip ring 60 moves outward under the thrust of the locking spring 70 and is inserted into the inner spline 42 of the outer sleeve 40 to achieve locking again.
  • the push shaft 102 recovers under the action of the restoring force of the locking spring 70 and is out of contact with the push rod 90 , the track change process ends, the wheelset is completely locked, and the normal operation state is re-entered.
  • a rail vehicle includes a vehicle body and a bogie arranged under the vehicle body, and each bogie is provided with a pair of wheelsets with variable gauge. Driving on different gauge tracks.

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Abstract

一种变轨距轮对及轨道车辆。所述变轨距轮对包括车轴（10）和一对车轮（30）、一对轴套（20）、外套筒（40）和联动机构；轴套内周设有一段第一非自锁螺纹（21），一对第一非自锁螺纹旋向相反，一对车轮（30）紧固在一对轴套上；车轴（10）上间隔设有两段与第一非自锁螺纹形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹（14）；车轮（30）通过轴套安装在车轴（10）上，第一非自锁螺纹与第二非自锁螺纹匹配；外套筒（40）可转动地连接在车轴（10）外，联动机构安装在车轴（10）与外套筒（40）之间，用于锁定或解除锁定外套筒相对车轴的转动，在联动机构解除锁定外套筒（40）相对车轴（10）的转动且车轮（30）处于却载状态下，通过推动一对车轮（30）同步转动，使得一对车轮（30）相互靠近或相互远离，以实现变轨距。所述变轨距轮变轨操作简单、变轨距可靠性高。

Description

变轨距轮对及轨道车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年07月28日提交的申请号为202010737192X，发明名称为“变轨距轮对及轨道车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本公开。
技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆变轨距技术领域，尤其涉及变轨距轮对及轨道车辆。
背景技术
跨国间的客货运输在近年来增长迅速，然而由于各国铁路的轨距不同，从而给跨国间的铁路运输造成严重的阻碍。为了解决各国铁路的轨距不同对跨国间的铁路运输造成阻碍的问题，对此提出了变轨距的列车，即当列车行驶到它国的铁路上时，通过改变车轴上的车轮之间的间距，来适应它国铁路的轨距。
然而，现有的变轨距轮对变轨机构复杂，变轨操作繁琐、可靠性低。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种变轨距轮对，变轨操作简单、变轨距可靠性高。
本申请还提出一种轨道车辆。
根据本申请第一方面实施例的一种变轨距轮对，包括车轴和一对车轮、一对轴套，以及外套筒和联动机构；
所述轴套的第一端外周设有车轮安装座，所述轴套的第二端外周构造有一段沿其轴向延伸的外花键，所述轴套的第二端内周构造有一段第一非自锁螺纹，一对所述第一非自锁螺纹旋向相反，一对所述车轮紧固在一对所述轴套的所述车轮安装座上；
所述车轴上间隔设有两段与所述第一非自锁螺纹形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹；所述车轮通过所述轴套安装在所述车轴上，所述第一 非自锁螺纹与所述第二非自锁螺纹匹配连接；所述车轴在位于一对所述第二非自锁螺纹之间的部位构造有环绕所述车轴周向设置的至少一个第一滚道；
所述外套筒套设在所述车轴外，所述外套筒的内周构造有与所述第一滚道相对应的第二滚道，所述第一滚道与所述第二滚道对合形成滚动空间，所述滚动空间中安装有与其匹配的滚动体，以将所述外套筒可转动地连接在所述车轴外，所述外套筒内位于所述第二滚道的轴向两侧且距离所述第二滚道设定间距处分别设有与所述轴套上的外花键匹配的内花键；
所述联动机构安装在所述车轴与所述外套筒之间，用于锁定或解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动，在所述联动机构解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动且车轮处于卸载状态下，通过推动一对车轮同步转动，使得一对车轮相互靠近或相互远离，以实现变轨距。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述车轴靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿所述车轴轴向延伸的外花键，所述车轴位于所述车轴的外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向沿所述车轴的轴向。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述联动机构包括锁紧滑环、推力销以及锁紧弹性件；
所述锁紧滑环可滑动地套设在所述车轴的外花键处，所述锁紧滑环内设有与所述车轴的外花键匹配的内花键，所述锁紧滑环外设有与所述外套筒的内花键匹配的外花键，所述锁紧滑环沿径向在其内壁开设有一对开口凹槽，所述开口凹槽的开口与所述锁紧滑环的一端连通，所述推力销穿过所述长圆孔且所述推力销的两端外露出所述长圆孔，所述推力销外露出所述长圆孔的两端由所述开口凹槽的开口嵌设在一对所述开口凹槽中，所述锁紧弹性件套设在所述车轴上且所述锁紧弹性件的一端抵靠所述第一滚道的外壁，另一端抵靠所述锁紧滑环远离所述开口凹槽的端部，在所述锁紧弹性件处于自然状态下，所述锁紧滑环外的外花键至少有部分位于所述外套筒相应侧的内花键中，以锁定所述外套筒的转动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，还包括推力杆，所述车轴沿轴向设有中心通孔，所述推力杆穿设在所述中心通孔中，所述推力杆的一端穿入所述车轴的中心通孔并抵靠在所述推力销位于所述开口凹槽的一侧，所述推力杆 的另一端延伸至所述车轴的端部，通过对所述推力杆施加推力，使得所述推力杆推动所述锁紧滑环压缩锁紧弹性件并离开所述外套筒的内花键，以解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述第一非自锁螺纹的长度大于所述第二非自锁螺纹的长度，且等于变轨距的一半；
所述外套筒的内周构造有所述第二滚道处设有环形凸台，所述外套筒与所述车轴连接后，在所述滚动空间的轴向两侧的所述外套筒与所述车轴之间形成一对所述轴套的安装空间；
所述第二滚道设有滚动体安装孔，通过所述滚动体安装孔向所述滚动空间中安装所述滚动体；
所述锁紧弹性件为锁紧弹簧。
根据本申请的一个实施例，还包括推力转换机构，在所述车轴的两端且位于所述车轮的外侧安装有轴箱体；
所述推力转换机构包括安装座和顶推轴，所述安装座安装在靠近所述推力杆一端的所述轴箱体的外端，所述安装座沿所述轴箱体的轴向开设有水平通孔；
所述顶推轴可移动地穿设在所述水平通孔中，并与所述推力杆相对，所述顶推轴与所述安装座的相对处且位于所述顶推轴与所述安装座中的一者开设有开口槽，所述开口槽的轴线垂直于所述水平通孔的轴线，所述开口槽中安装有定位件，所述定位件与所述开口槽之间通过弹性预紧件连接，所述顶推轴与所述安装座中的另一者构造有定位凹坑，所述定位件的定位端与所述定位凹坑相匹配；
所述定位件的定位端位于所述定位凹坑中，所述顶推轴处于锁定状态，所述顶推轴受到推力使得所述定位件的定位端离开所述定位凹坑，所述顶推轴处于可移动状态以推动所述推力杆。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述安装座包括座体和沿所述座体向一侧延伸的延伸座，所述座体与所述延伸座之间通过呈锥台状的过渡连接座连接，所述过渡连接座的大端与所述座体连接，所述过渡连接座的小端与所述延伸座连接，所述座体的四周设有连接孔，所述水平通孔贯穿所述延伸座、过渡连接座以及所述座体。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述延伸座的下侧开设有与其端部贯通的缺口；
所述顶推轴的外端向下延伸有顶推部，所述定位件的定位端位于所述定位凹坑中时，所述顶推轴的外端与所述延伸座的外端平齐；
所述顶推部受到推力使得所述定位件的定位端离开所述定位凹坑，并沿所述缺口移动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述延伸座的外端安装有顶推压盖；
所述顶推轴的外端构造有向下延伸且朝向远离所述顶推压盖方向倾斜的连接部，所述顶推部形成在所述连接部的自由端，所述顶推部构造有竖直平面；
所述顶推部的所述竖直平面上安装有摩擦块。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述定位件为定位销，所述定位销的定位端构造为外凸的圆弧面，所述定位凹坑构造为与所述外凸的圆弧面相匹配的内凹的圆弧面；所述外凸的圆弧面部分位于所述内凹的圆弧面中；
所述弹性预紧件为预紧弹簧，所述预紧弹簧的一端紧固在所述开口槽中，所述预紧弹簧的另一端紧固套设在所述定位销远离所述定位端的一端。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述车轴的端部固定有顶推轴支撑环，所述顶推轴支撑环与所述中心通孔同轴设置，所述顶推轴支撑环有部分延伸进所述中心通孔内，所述顶推轴支撑环的内径与所述顶推轴的外径相匹配，所述顶推轴由所述顶推轴支撑环进入所述中心通孔并推动所述推力杆。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的一种轨道车辆，包括车体和设于所述车体下的转向架，每个所述转向架上设有一对所述的变轨距轮对。
本申请实施例中的上述一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果之一：
本申请实施例的一种变轨距轮对，通过采用上述技术方案，联动机构安装在车轴与外套筒之间，用于锁定或解除锁定外套筒相对车轴的转动，在联动机构解除锁定外套筒相对车轴的转动且车轮处于卸载状态下，通过推动一对车轮同步转动，使得一对车轮相互靠近或相互远离直至达到变轨距的距离，以实现变轨距，变轨操作简单、变轨距可靠性高。
本申请实施例的一种轨道车辆，通过设置上述变轨距轮对，具有变轨 距轮对的所有优点，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例变轨距轮对中轴套的主视结构示意图；
图2是图1的轴向剖视示意图；
图3是本申请实施例变轨距轮对中轴套的立体结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例变轨距轮对中车轴的主视结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例外套筒的轴向剖视结构示意图，其中该外套筒用于动车；
图6是本申请实施例外套筒的轴向剖视结构示意图，其中该外套筒用于拖车；
图7是本申请实施例一种变轨距轮对的轴向剖视结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例另一种变轨距轮对的轴向剖视结构示意图；
图9是图8中A的局部放大图。
附图标记：
10、车轴；11、车轴的外花键；12、长圆孔；13、第一滚道；14、第二非自锁螺纹；15、中心通孔；20、轴套；21、第一非自锁螺纹；22、轴套的外花键；23、滑动轴承安装槽；24、车轮安装座；25、滑动轴承压盖安装槽；30、车轮；40、外套筒；41、第二滚道；42、内花键；50、轴箱体；60、锁紧滑环；70、锁紧弹簧；80、推力销；90、推力杆；100、推力转换机构；101、安装座；101-1、座体；101-2、过渡连接座；101-3、延伸座；102、顶推轴；102-1、顶推部；103、定位销；104、预紧弹簧；105、摩擦块；106、顶推压盖；107、顶推轴支撑环；110、滑动轴承；120、齿轮箱；130、制动盘；140、齿轮箱安装座；150、制动盘安装接口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本申请，但不能用来限制本申请的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或 示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
如图1至图9所示，本申请实施例提供了一种变轨距轮对。
本申请实施例的一种变轨距轮对，包括轴套20、外套筒40、车轴10和一对车轮30以及联动机构。
轴套20的第一端外周设有车轮安装座24，车轮安装座24的宽度与车轮30的轮毂宽度一致，车轮30紧固安装在车轮安装座24上，车轮30可以与车轮安装座24过盈配合，确保两者连接的可靠性。
轴套20的第二端内周构造有一段第一非自锁螺纹21。一对轴套20的第一非自锁螺纹21旋向相反，一对车轮30紧固在一对轴套20的车轮安装座24上，车轴10上间隔设有两段与第一非自锁螺纹21形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹14，也就是说，一对第二非自锁螺纹14的旋向也相反。车轮30通过轴套20安装在车轴10上，第一非自锁螺纹21与第二非自锁螺纹14匹配连接。
在车轮30卸载后，同时向内或向外推动一对车轮30时，由于一对非自锁螺纹副的旋向相反，使得一对车轮30向同一个方向转动时，两个车轮30可以相互靠近或相互远离，直至移动到设定的变轨距位置处，完成变轨距。通过设置轴套20，方便车轮30沿车轴10轴向滑移实现变轨距，且使得车轴10与车轮30连接结构简单，变轨距可靠性高。
轴套20利用第一非自锁螺纹21与车轴10的第二非自锁螺纹14啮合，用于传递部分扭矩，并在解锁状态下使得轴套20与车轴10间产生相对旋转和横移。
具体地，第一非自锁螺纹21的长度大于第二非自锁螺纹14的长度，且大于的长度等于变轨距的一半，以使得两个车轮30跟随各自的轴套20能够相对车轴10在转动过程中各移动变轨距的一半，从而两个车轮30移动的距离之和等于所需变轨距的距离。
根据本申请的一个实施例，如图1至图3所示，轴套20的内周由轴套20的第一端向第二端延伸有滑动轴承安装槽23，滑动轴承安装槽23中用于安装滑动轴承110，滑动轴承安装槽23延伸至靠近第一非自锁螺纹21处，滑动轴承安装槽23的长度为滑动轴承110的长度，通过设置滑动轴承110便于轴套20沿车轴10滑动时平稳、顺畅，且对轴套20起到保 护效果。
根据本申请的一个实施例，轴套20的内周在位于滑动轴承安装槽23与第一非自锁螺纹21之间的部位设有密封圈安装槽，密封圈安装槽用于安装密封圈，以对滑动轴承110的端部起到密封效果。
根据本申请的一个实施例，轴套20的第一端端部设有滑动轴承压盖安装槽25，滑动轴承压盖安装槽25用于安装滑动轴承压盖，并在滑动轴承压盖安装槽25的底面周向间隔设有多个螺纹孔，以便于通过紧固件将滑动轴承压盖固定在滑动轴承压盖安装槽25中，通过滑动轴承压盖对滑动轴承110固定，此外，滑动轴承压盖的内周开设有密封圈安装槽，用于安装密封圈，从而在滑动轴承110的两端均形成密封结构，以防止油脂进入滑动轴承110与车轴10的结合面。
为了结构优化，根据本申请的一个实施例，轴套20外由第一端向第二端呈直径由大变小的三级阶梯状，车轮安装座24处的直径最大，强度最高，并且每一级阶梯的连接处通过弧面过渡连接，避免阶梯与阶梯之间连接处的应力集中。
具体地，如图4所示，车轴10靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿车轴10轴向延伸的外花键，车轴10的外周位于车轴的外花键11的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第二非自锁螺纹14，也就是说，车轴10上还设有两段旋向相反的第二非自锁螺纹14，两段第二非自锁螺纹14分设在外花键的轴向两侧，当然，每段第二非自锁螺纹14与车轴的外花键11之间留有间距，车轴10位于车轴的外花键11处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔12，也就是说，长圆孔12与外花键重合设置，长圆孔12的长度方向沿车轴10的轴向，即长圆孔12的长度方向与车轴的外花键11的延伸方向一致。
进一步地，车轴10在位于其中一个第二非自锁螺纹14与车轴的外花键11之间的部位构造有环绕车轴10周向设置的至少一个第一滚道13，第一滚道13靠近车轴的外花键11设置。
本实施例中，第一滚道13的横截面呈内凹的半圆形。
外套筒40套设在车轴10外，外套筒40的内周构造有与第一滚道13相对应的第二滚道41，第二滚道41的大小、形状与第一滚道13的大小、形状一致，也即，第二滚道41的横截面也呈内凹的半圆形；第二滚道41 设有滚动体安装孔，第一滚道13与第二滚道41对合形成滚动空间，滚动空间呈圆环形，通过滚动体安装孔向滚动空间装设滚动体，滚动体的外径与滚动空间的内径相匹配，滚动体可以是滚珠，装满滚动空间，为了避免灰尘等杂质进入滚动空间，在滚动体安装孔处设置密封塞；通过将外套筒40与车轴10通过滚动体连接，以将外套筒40可转动地连接在车轴10外，换句话说，以使得外套筒40具有转动的自由度，但是限制外套筒40的移动自由度，也就是说，使得外套筒40可以相对车轴10转动但是不能移动。
轴套20的第二端外周构造有一段沿其轴向延伸的外花键，安装后轴套20的第二端位于车轮30的内侧且朝向外套筒40；外套筒40内周位于第二滚道41的轴向两侧且距离第二滚道41设定间距处分别设有与轴套20上的外花键匹配的内花键42，轴套20与外套筒40通过外套筒40的内花键42与轴套的外花键22匹配连接，使得轴套20可以与外套筒40一起转动，或轴套20可以相对于外套筒40轴向移动。本实施例通过设置轴套20，实现车轮30与外套筒40间的扭矩传递，以及车轮30与车轴10间的横向滑移。轴套20结构简单可靠，可实现多种不同轨距间的变换。
需要说明的是，“设定间距”可以根据具体需要来设定，第二滚道41轴向两侧的内花键42距离第二滚道41的设定间距可以不等。
本实施例的联动机构安装在车轴10与外套筒40之间，用于锁定或解除锁定外套筒40相对车轴10的转动，在联动机构解除锁定外套筒40相对车轴10的转动且车轮30处于卸载状态下，通过推动一对车轮30同步转动，使得一对车轮30相互靠近或相互远离直至达到变轨距的距离，以实现变轨距。
本实施例的变轨距轮对还包括推力杆90。车轴10沿轴向设有中心通孔15，推力杆90穿设在中心通孔15中，变轨距轮对中，推力杆90的一端与联动机构连接，推力杆90的另一端延伸至车轴的外端，通过对推力杆90施加推力，使得推力杆90带动联动机构解锁车轮30。
一个具体实施例，联动机构包括锁紧滑环60、推力销80和锁紧弹性件。具体地，锁紧滑环60可滑动地套设在车轴的外花键11处，锁紧滑环60内设有与车轴的外花键11匹配的内花键42，锁紧滑环60外设有与外套筒40的内花键42匹配的外花键，锁紧滑环60沿径向在其内壁开设有 一对开口凹槽，开口凹槽的开口与锁紧滑环60的一端连通，推力销80穿过长圆孔12且推力销80的两端外露出长圆孔12，推力销80外露出长圆孔12的两端由开口凹槽的开口嵌设在一对开口凹槽中，推力销80的长度与一对开口凹槽顶壁之间的距离相同，推力销80的两端抵靠在开口凹槽的顶壁，此外，推力销80的厚度与开口凹槽的宽度相一致，使得推力销80与锁紧滑环60连接可靠。
当然，为了便于推力销80能够沿长圆孔12的轴向移动，推力销80的宽度小于长圆孔12的长度，推力销80的厚度小于或等于长圆孔12的宽度；此外，锁紧滑环60的宽度不宜过宽，以保证锁紧滑环60能够在外套筒40的第二滚道41与外套筒40的内花键42之间的空间具有移动量。此外，长圆孔12的长度应略小于车轴的外花键11的长度，使得锁紧滑环60始终在车轴的外花键11上移动。
锁紧弹性件例如锁紧弹簧70套设在车轴10上且锁紧弹性件的一端抵靠第一滚道13的外壁即止挡端面处，另一端抵靠锁紧滑环60远离开口凹槽的端部，在锁紧弹性件处于自然状态下，锁紧滑环60的外花键至少有部分位于外套筒40相应侧的内花键42中，且锁紧滑环60的内花键42与车轴的外花键11啮合，以锁定外套筒40的转动，从而将外套筒40相对车轴10固定，此时车轮30与轴套20和外套筒40以及车轴10为一体结构，相互之间没有相对转动，车轮30处于锁定状态。
具体地，推力杆90的一端穿入车轴10的中心通孔15并抵靠在推力销80位于开口凹槽的一侧，推力杆90的另一端延伸至车轴10的端部，通过对推力杆90施加推力，使得推力杆90推动锁紧滑环60压缩锁紧弹性件并离开外套筒40的内花键42，以解除锁定外套筒40相对车轴10的转动。
本实施例中，第一非自锁螺纹21采用梯形螺纹，相应地，第二非自锁螺纹14为与该梯形螺纹匹配的梯形螺纹，梯形螺纹的性能可靠。
需要说明的是，锁紧弹性件还可以采用其他具有一定伸缩性的弹性套等。
根据本申请的一个实施例，外套筒40的内周构造有第二滚道41处设有环形凸台，第二滚道41形成在环形凸台上，外套筒40与车轴10通过 滚珠连接后，在滚动空间的轴向两侧，外套筒40与车轴10之间形成一对轴套20的安装空间，轴套20先从车轴10的两端分别滑动套设在车轴10上，滑动过程中，滑动轴承110与车轴10滑动接触，并从安装空间插入外套筒40内，轴套的外花键22相对外套筒40的内花键42轴向移动，直至移动到轴套20的第一非自锁螺纹21与车轴10的第二非自锁螺纹14接触时，转动轴套20，使得第一非自锁螺纹21旋进第二非自锁螺纹14中。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴10在构造第一滚道13的部位形成环形凸缘，环形凸缘的外径大于车轴10其余部位的外径，以在环形凸缘的轴向两端形成止挡端面，以限定套筒20移动的极限位置。
对于动车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外安装有齿轮箱120，对于拖车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外安装有多个间隔设置的制动盘130。
为了提高外套筒40与车轴10连接的可靠性，根据本申请的一个实施例，第一滚道13为两个，两个第一滚道13并排设置，相应地，第二滚道41为两个，从而形成并排的两个滚道空间。
进一步地，以第一滚道13将车轴10划分为主半轴和付半轴，设有外花键以及长圆孔12的车轴10部分为主半轴。锁紧滑环60安装在主半轴，且锁紧滑环60的开口凹槽开口朝向主半轴的自由端方向，锁紧弹簧70安装在环形凸缘的止挡端面与锁紧滑环60之间。
为了结构优化，第一滚道13靠近车轴的外花键11设置。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴的外花键11与相邻的第二非自锁螺纹14之间的间距等于环形凸缘与相邻的第二非自锁螺纹14之间的间距，且均等于变轨距的一半，该间距为轴套20的第一非自锁螺纹21的移动空间。
如图5所示，对于动车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外构造有齿轮箱安装座140，以安装齿轮箱120；如图6所示，对于拖车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外构造有制动盘安装接口150，制动盘安装接口150为间隔设置的多个，以安装多个间隔设置的制动盘130。
具体地，车轴10位于一对车轮30外的两端分别安装有轴箱体50。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴10的轴向两端构造成两端直径小于中间直径的阶梯轴，以便于阶梯轴的两端轴用于安装轴箱体50。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阶梯轴的中间轴上在位于每段第二非自锁螺纹14与中间轴的轴端之间的部位分别形成有滑动段，便于轴套20的滑动轴承110相对于车轴10滑动。
此外，车轴10设置中心通孔15有利于车轴10减重。
本实施例的变轨距轮对还包括推力转换机构100，推力转换机构100能够在变轨时借助外力直接对推力杆90施加推力，推力转换机构100安装在车轴10位于推力杆90的一端，也就是说，推力转换机构100只需要安装在车轴10的一端。
具体地，如图8至图9所示，推力转换机构100包括安装座101以及轴向穿过安装座101的顶推轴102，安装座101固定安装在轴箱体50外，顶推轴102与推力杆90对接，当地面变轨设施的轨道侧壁向顶推轴102施加轴向推力时，顶推轴102推动推力杆90移动对车轮30进行解锁。
具体地，安装座101沿轴箱体50的轴向开设有水平通孔；顶推轴102可移动地穿设在水平通孔中，顶推轴102与推力杆90位于车轴10外端的一端相对，顶推轴102与安装座101的相对处且位于顶推轴102与安装座101中的一者开设有开口槽，也就是说，开口槽可以开设在顶推轴102的径向外壁，也可以开设在安装座101相对应的内壁。
开口槽的轴线垂直于水平通孔的轴线，开口槽中安装有定位件，定位件与开口槽之间通过弹性预紧件连接，使得定位件能够沿其轴线有一定的移动量，顶推轴102与安装座101中的另一者构造有定位凹坑，也就是说，当顶推轴102上开设开口槽时，则安装座101上设置定位凹坑，反之，当安装座101上开设开口槽时，则顶推轴102上设置定位凹坑。
进一步地，定位件的定位端与定位凹坑相匹配，例如，当定位件的定位端呈球面时，定位凹坑呈相匹配的球面，两个球面相适应。
在定位件的定位端位于定位凹坑中时，顶推轴102处于锁定状态，在顶推轴102受到横向推力使得定位件的定位端离开定位凹坑时，顶推轴102处于可移动状态，具体地，横向推力作用在定位件的定位端，产生垂向的分力，压缩弹性预紧件，使得定位件缩入开口槽中，解除顶推轴102的横向定位，此时顶推轴102处于可移动状态，继续推动顶推轴102可推动推力杆90。
在轴箱体50由解锁轨抬起使得车轮30卸载后，通过顶推轴102对推力杆90施加推力，推力杆90推动推力销80，以带动锁紧滑环60压缩锁紧弹性件在车轴10上朝向远离外套筒40的内花键42方向移动以脱离外套筒40的内花键42，从而将外套筒40的转动自由度解锁，此时若推动车轮30，由于轴套20与车轴10通过非自锁螺纹副连接，则外套筒40、车轮30与轴套20将一起绕车轴10转动，轴套20的第一非自锁螺纹21沿车轴10的第二非自锁螺纹14在转动中移动，从而车轮30跟随轴套20一起在转动过程中移动，直至完成变轨距。
变轨距完成后，地面变轨设施不再对顶推轴102施加推力，即此时撤除了推力杆90对推力销80的推力，推力销80将在锁紧弹性件的弹性复位作用下跟随锁紧滑环60回复到原始位置，即锁紧滑环60的外花键重新插入外套筒40的内花键42中将外套筒40的转动自由度锁定，此时，轴套20与外套筒40无法相对车轴10转动，轴套20与外套筒40只能与车轴10一起转动，即轴套20与外套筒40锁定在车轴10上，车轮30重新锁定。
为了确保顶推轴102推动时的稳定性，所述车轴10的端部固定有顶推轴支撑环107，所述顶推轴支撑环107与所述中心通孔15同轴设置，所述顶推轴支撑环107有部分延伸进所述中心通孔15内，使得顶推轴支撑环107安装可靠，所述顶推轴支撑环107的内径与所述顶推轴102的外径相匹配，确保顶推轴102在移动过程中不会出现晃动，所述顶推轴102由所述顶推轴支撑环107进入所述中心通孔15并推动所述推力杆90，移动过程平稳。
本实施例变轨距方便、可靠，整体结构简单。
进一步地，如图8所示，安装座101包括座体101-1和沿座体101-1向一侧延伸的延伸座101-3，座体101-1与延伸座101-3之间通过呈锥台状的过渡连接座101-2连接，过渡连接座101-2的大端与座体101-1连接，过渡连接座101-2的小端与延伸座101-3连接，形成一端大一端小的结构，该结构能够与地面变轨设施形成合理避让与匹配。
进一步地，座体101-1的四周设有连接孔，通过连接件穿过连接孔将座体101-1安装在轴箱体50的外端。水平通孔贯穿延伸座101-3、过渡连 接座101-2以及座体101-1，具体地，延伸座101-3、过渡连接座101-2以及座体101-1一体成型，加工方便，且强度高。本实施例的安装座101直接安装在轴箱体50的外端，可以同时起到轴箱体50外端盖的作用，座体101-1的形状与轴箱体50的外端形状相匹配，例如可以呈方形，并在方形的四周倒圆弧。
本实施例中，座体101-1呈板状，延伸座101-3呈圆筒状。延伸座101-3的下侧开设有与其端部贯通的缺口，该缺口可以是从延伸座101-3的端部沿轴向切除一段劣弧所对应的侧壁而形成；具体切除的长度根据所需变轨距的长度来设置。
定位件的定位端位于定位凹坑中时，顶推轴102的外端与延伸座101-3的外端平齐；也就是说，顶推轴102在安装座101具体为延伸座101-3内移动，在未移动时，顶推轴102的外端与延伸座101-3的外端平齐，移动时，顶推轴102沿缺口向延伸座101-3内移动。
具体地，顶推部102-1受到横向推力直至定位件的定位端离开定位凹坑，并沿缺口移动，具体可移动的长度等于缺口的长度。
根据本申请的一个实施例，如图8至图9所示，延伸座101-3的外端安装有顶推压盖106，用于对顶推轴102起到限位作用，避免顶推轴102伸出延伸座101-3的外端。
顶推轴102的外端构造有向下延伸且朝向远离顶推压盖106方向倾斜的连接部，连接部的自由端构造有顶推部102-1，顶推部102-1构造有竖直平面，通过在顶推轴102的下端设置顶推部102-1，便于从顶推轴102的下方推动顶推轴102，一方面能够与顶推压盖106合理避让，另一方面为了适应地面变轨设施的轨道侧壁的高度。
根据本申请的一个实施例，顶推部102-1的竖直平面上安装有摩擦块105，通过设置摩擦块105一方面增强了顶推部102-1的强度，另一方面延长了顶推部102-1的使用寿命，摩擦块105在磨损到使用寿命时，可以直接更换，而无需更换顶推部102-1以及安装座101，节省成本。
根据本申请的一个实施例，定位件为定位销103，定位销103的定位端构造为外凸的圆弧面例如外凸球面，定位凹坑构造为与外凸的圆弧面相匹配的内凹的圆弧面，例如内凹球面；外凸的圆弧面部分位于内凹的圆弧 面中，以便于定位端在受到横向推力时，能够及时从定位凹坑中退出，需要说明的是，定位销103在受到横向推力时，其外凸的圆弧面受到垂向的推力分力以及横向的推力分力，垂向的推力分力压缩弹性预紧件使得定位销103向下移动，同时横向的推力分力推动定位销103离开定位凹坑。
根据本申请的一个实施例，弹性预紧件可以为预紧弹簧104，预紧弹簧104的一端紧固在开口槽中，预紧弹簧104的另一端紧固套设在定位销103远离定位端的一端，定位销103可以设有直径小于定位端的连接端，在连接端与定位端的连接处形成定位台阶，预紧弹簧104直接套设在连接端并抵靠在定位台阶处。
本实施例实现变轨过程如下：
1、解锁段：轴箱体50由解锁轨逐渐抬高，使得车轮30卸载，推力转换机构100触发后，推动顶推轴102向内接触推力杆90，并推动推力销80、锁紧滑环60向内移动并压缩锁紧弹簧70，直至锁紧滑环60与外套筒40的内花键42脱离接触，车轴10与轴套20间回转约束被解除。
2、变距段：进入变距段，在变轨距横向力作用下车轮30向内(或向外)移动，车轮30与轴套20一体绕非自锁螺纹副发生回转运动，至目标轨距。
3、锁定段：进入锁定段，解锁轨逐渐降低退出支撑作用，锁紧滑环60等在锁紧弹簧70推力作用下向外移动插入外套筒40的内花键42重新实现锁紧，顶推轴102在锁紧弹簧70回复力作用下恢复并与推力杆90脱离接触，变轨过程结束，轮对完全锁紧，重新进入正常运行状态。
本申请实施例的一种轨道车辆，包括车体和设于车体下的转向架，每个转向架上设有一对变轨距轮对，通过设置上述变轨距轮对，能够实现轨道车辆行驶在不同的轨距轨道上。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本申请，而非对本申请的限制。尽管参照实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本申请的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围中。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种变轨距轮对，包括车轴和一对车轮，其特征在于，还包括一对轴套，以及外套筒和联动机构；
    所述轴套的第一端外周设有车轮安装座，所述轴套的第二端外周构造有一段沿其轴向延伸的外花键，所述轴套的第二端内周构造有一段第一非自锁螺纹，一对所述第一非自锁螺纹旋向相反，一对所述车轮紧固在一对所述轴套的所述车轮安装座上；
    所述车轴上间隔设有两段与所述第一非自锁螺纹形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹；所述车轮通过所述轴套安装在所述车轴上，所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述第二非自锁螺纹匹配连接；所述车轴在位于一对所述第二非自锁螺纹之间的部位构造有环绕所述车轴周向设置的至少一个第一滚道；
    所述外套筒套设在所述车轴外，所述外套筒的内周构造有与所述第一滚道相对应的第二滚道，所述第一滚道与所述第二滚道对合形成滚动空间，所述滚动空间中安装有与其匹配的滚动体，以将所述外套筒可转动地连接在所述车轴外，所述外套筒内位于所述第二滚道的轴向两侧且距离所述第二滚道设定间距处分别设有与所述轴套上的外花键匹配的内花键；
    所述联动机构安装在所述车轴与所述外套筒之间，用于锁定或解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动，在所述联动机构解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动且车轮处于卸载状态下，通过推动一对车轮同步转动，使得一对车轮相互靠近或相互远离，以实现变轨距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述车轴靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿所述车轴轴向延伸的外花键，所述车轴位于所述车轴的外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向沿所述车轴的轴向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述联动机构包括锁紧滑环、推力销以及锁紧弹性件；
    所述锁紧滑环可滑动地套设在所述车轴的外花键处，所述锁紧滑环内设有与所述车轴的外花键匹配的内花键，所述锁紧滑环外设有与所述外套筒的内花键匹配的外花键，所述锁紧滑环沿径向在其内壁开设有一对开口 凹槽，所述开口凹槽的开口与所述锁紧滑环的一端连通，所述推力销穿过所述长圆孔且所述推力销的两端外露出所述长圆孔，所述推力销外露出所述长圆孔的两端由所述开口凹槽的开口嵌设在一对所述开口凹槽中，所述锁紧弹性件套设在所述车轴上且所述锁紧弹性件的一端抵靠所述第一滚道的外壁，另一端抵靠所述锁紧滑环远离所述开口凹槽的端部，在所述锁紧弹性件处于自然状态下，所述锁紧滑环外的外花键至少有部分位于所述外套筒相应侧的内花键中，以锁定所述外套筒的转动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，还包括推力杆，所述车轴沿轴向设有中心通孔，所述推力杆穿设在所述中心通孔中，所述推力杆的一端穿入所述车轴的中心通孔并抵靠在所述推力销位于所述开口凹槽的一侧，所述推力杆的另一端延伸至所述车轴的端部，通过对所述推力杆施加推力，使得所述推力杆推动所述锁紧滑环压缩锁紧弹性件并离开所述外套筒的内花键，以解除锁定所述外套筒相对所述车轴的转动。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，
    所述第一非自锁螺纹的长度大于所述第二非自锁螺纹的长度，且等于变轨距的一半；
    所述外套筒的内周构造有所述第二滚道处设有环形凸台，所述外套筒与所述车轴连接后，在所述滚动空间的轴向两侧的所述外套筒与所述车轴之间形成一对所述轴套的安装空间；
    所述第二滚道设有滚动体安装孔，通过所述滚动体安装孔向所述滚动空间中安装所述滚动体；
    所述锁紧弹性件为锁紧弹簧。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，还包括推力转换机构，在所述车轴的两端且位于所述车轮的外侧安装有轴箱体；
    所述推力转换机构包括安装座和顶推轴，所述安装座安装在靠近所述推力杆一端的所述轴箱体的外端，所述安装座沿所述轴箱体的轴向开设有水平通孔；
    所述顶推轴可移动地穿设在所述水平通孔中，并与所述推力杆相对，所述顶推轴与所述安装座的相对处且位于所述顶推轴与所述安装座中的一者开设有开口槽，所述开口槽的轴线垂直于所述水平通孔的轴线，所述 开口槽中安装有定位件，所述定位件与所述开口槽之间通过弹性预紧件连接，所述顶推轴与所述安装座中的另一者构造有定位凹坑，所述定位件的定位端与所述定位凹坑相匹配；
    所述定位件的定位端位于所述定位凹坑中，所述顶推轴处于锁定状态，所述顶推轴受到推力使得所述定位件的定位端离开所述定位凹坑，所述顶推轴处于可移动状态以推动所述推力杆。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述安装座包括座体和沿所述座体向一侧延伸的延伸座，所述座体与所述延伸座之间通过呈锥台状的过渡连接座连接，所述过渡连接座的大端与所述座体连接，所述过渡连接座的小端与所述延伸座连接，所述座体的四周设有连接孔，所述水平通孔贯穿所述延伸座、过渡连接座以及所述座体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述延伸座的下侧开设有与其端部贯通的缺口；
    所述顶推轴的外端向下延伸有顶推部，所述定位件的定位端位于所述定位凹坑中时，所述顶推轴的外端与所述延伸座的外端平齐；
    所述顶推部受到推力使得所述定位件的定位端离开所述定位凹坑，并沿所述缺口移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述延伸座的外端安装有顶推压盖；
    所述顶推轴的外端构造有向下延伸且朝向远离所述顶推压盖方向倾斜的连接部，所述顶推部形成在所述连接部的自由端，所述顶推部构造有竖直平面；
    所述顶推部的所述竖直平面上安装有摩擦块。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述定位件为定位销，所述定位销的定位端构造为外凸的圆弧面，所述定位凹坑构造为与所述外凸的圆弧面相匹配的内凹的圆弧面；所述外凸的圆弧面部分位于所述内凹的圆弧面中；
    所述弹性预紧件为预紧弹簧，所述预紧弹簧的一端紧固在所述开口槽中，所述预紧弹簧的另一端紧固套设在所述定位销远离所述定位端的一端。
  11. 根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，所述 车轴的端部固定有顶推轴支撑环，所述顶推轴支撑环与所述中心通孔同轴设置，所述顶推轴支撑环有部分延伸进所述中心通孔内，所述顶推轴支撑环的内径与所述顶推轴的外径相匹配，所述顶推轴由所述顶推轴支撑环进入所述中心通孔并推动所述推力杆。
  12. 一种轨道车辆，包括车体和设于所述车体下的转向架，其特征在于，每个所述转向架上设有一对如权利要求1-11任一项所述的变轨距轮对。
PCT/CN2021/076579 2020-07-28 2021-02-10 变轨距轮对及轨道车辆 WO2022021843A1 (zh)

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CN116104602A (zh) * 2023-02-28 2023-05-12 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 一种用于发动机压气机放气的传力机构

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CN111806499B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2021-05-11 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 变轨距轮对及轨道车辆

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CN115362792A (zh) * 2022-09-22 2022-11-22 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 一种烟草种植用打孔装置
CN115362792B (zh) * 2022-09-22 2024-04-30 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 一种烟草种植用打孔装置
CN116104602A (zh) * 2023-02-28 2023-05-12 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 一种用于发动机压气机放气的传力机构
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