WO2022021842A1 - 变轨距轮对用车轴及变轨距轮对 - Google Patents

变轨距轮对用车轴及变轨距轮对 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021842A1
WO2022021842A1 PCT/CN2021/076526 CN2021076526W WO2022021842A1 WO 2022021842 A1 WO2022021842 A1 WO 2022021842A1 CN 2021076526 W CN2021076526 W CN 2021076526W WO 2022021842 A1 WO2022021842 A1 WO 2022021842A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axle
locking
raceway
self
gauge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076526
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张振先
魏家麒
王旭
焦京海
胡海涛
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to EP21849749.3A priority Critical patent/EP4190666A4/en
Publication of WO2022021842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021842A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B37/00—Wheel-axle combinations, e.g. wheel sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B60B35/1036—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated with power assistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicle gauge change, and in particular, to an axle for a gauge change wheelset and a gauge change wheelset.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present application proposes an axle for a wheelset with variable gauge.
  • the structure of the axle is ingeniously designed, so that the connection structure between the axle and the wheel is simple, and the reliability of the gauge change is high.
  • the present application also proposes a variable gauge wheelset.
  • an axle for a wheelset with variable gauge is provided, the axle is provided with a central through hole in the axial direction, and the outer periphery of the axle near the middle portion is configured with a section of outer flower extending along the axial direction of the axle
  • the outer circumference of the axle is located on both axial sides of the external spline with a first non-self-locking thread with opposite rotation directions, and the axle is located at the external spline with a radially penetrating thread.
  • the oblong hole, the length direction of the oblong hole is along the axial direction of the axle;
  • the axle is configured with at least one first raceway circumferentially disposed around the axle at a position between one of the first non-self-locking threads and the external spline.
  • the two first raceways are arranged side by side, and the first raceways are arranged close to the external splines.
  • the cross section of the first raceway is a concave semicircle.
  • annular flange is formed on the axle at the part where the first raceway is constructed, and the outer diameter of the annular flange is larger than the outer diameter of the rest of the axle, so that the annular flange has a larger outer diameter than the rest of the axle.
  • the axial ends of the lip form stop end faces.
  • the distance between the external spline and the adjacent first non-self-locking thread is equal to the distance between the annular flange and the adjacent first non-self-locking thread The distance is equal to half of the variable gauge.
  • the first non-self-locking thread is a trapezoidal thread.
  • both axial ends of the axle are configured as stepped shafts with diameters at the two ends smaller than the middle diameter, and the shafts at both ends of the stepped shaft are used for mounting an axle box body.
  • the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft is respectively formed with a sliding section at a position between each section of the first non-self-locking thread and the shaft end of the intermediate shaft.
  • a gauge-change wheelset includes an axle and a pair of wheels, and the axle adopts the above-mentioned axle for a gauge-change wheelset;
  • a pair of the wheels are respectively mounted on the axle through the shaft sleeve, the wheels are fastened on the outer circumference of the first end of the shaft sleeve, and the inner circumference of the second end of the shaft sleeve is provided with the first end of the shaft sleeve.
  • a non-self-locking thread is matched to form a second non-self-locking thread pair of the non-self-locking thread pair;
  • the outer periphery of the second end of the shaft sleeve is provided with an external spline
  • the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the axle, the inner circumference of the outer sleeve is configured with a second raceway corresponding to the first raceway, and the second raceway is provided with rolling body mounting holes , the first raceway and the second raceway are combined to form a rolling space, and the rolling body is installed in the rolling space through the rolling body mounting hole, so that the outer sleeve can be rotated It is connected to the outside of the axle, and the outer sleeve is located on both sides of the axial direction of the second raceway and is separated from the second raceway. Key matching internal splines.
  • it further comprises a locking slip ring, a thrust pin, an elastic member and a thrust rod;
  • the locking slip ring is slidably sleeved at the outer spline of the axle, and the locking slip ring is provided with an inner spline matching the outer spline of the axle, and the locking slip ring There are external splines that match the internal splines of the outer sleeve, and the locking slip ring is provided with a pair of open grooves on its inner wall along the radial direction.
  • the openings of the open grooves are connected to the locking slip ring
  • the two ends of the thrust pin are connected to each other, the thrust pin passes through the oblong hole, and the two ends of the thrust pin are exposed to the oblong hole, and the two ends of the thrust pin exposed to the oblong hole are inserted by the opening of the opening slot.
  • the elastic piece is sleeved on the axle, one end of the elastic piece abuts against the outer wall of the first raceway, and the other end abuts against the locking slip ring to keep away
  • the outer splines outside the locking slip ring are at least partially located in the inner splines on the corresponding sides of the outer sleeve to lock the the rotation of the outer sleeve;
  • One end of the thrust rod penetrates into the central through hole of the axle and abuts against the side of the thrust pin located in the open slot, and the other end of the thrust rod extends to the end of the central through hole.
  • it further comprises an unlocking mechanism, the unlocking mechanism is installed at one end of the axle located at the thrust rod;
  • the unlocking mechanism includes a mounting seat and a push head axially passing through the mounting seat, and the mounting seat is fixedly mounted on the axle Outside the box, the push head is arranged opposite to the push rod.
  • the length of the second non-self-locking thread is greater than the length of the first non-self-locking thread, and is equal to half of the variable gauge
  • the inner circumference of the outer sleeve is configured with an annular boss at the second raceway, and after the outer sleeve is connected to the axle, the outer sleeves on both axial sides of the rolling space A pair of installation spaces for the axle sleeves are formed between the barrel and the axle;
  • the elastic member is a locking spring.
  • An axle for a variable-gauge wheelset adopts a central through hole in the axial direction of the axle, and an outer spline extending along the axial direction of the axle is constructed on the outer periphery of the axle near the middle.
  • the outer circumference of the axle is located on both axial sides of the external spline and is respectively provided with a first non-self-locking thread with opposite rotation directions, and the axle is located at the external spline with an oblong hole penetrating along its radial direction, The length direction of the oblong hole is along the axial direction of the axle; the axle is configured with a circumferentially arranged around the axle at the position between one of the first non-self-locking threads and the external spline.
  • the structure of at least one first raceway makes the design of the axle structure ingenious, ensures the simple connection structure between the axle and the wheel, and has high reliability in changing the gauge.
  • a gauge-changing wheelset For a gauge-changing wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application, by arranging the above-mentioned axle for the gauge-changing wheelset, there is no need to set up a complex gauge-changing mechanism, which simplifies the structure of other supporting components outside the axle, so that the entirety of the gauge-changing wheelset is The structure is simple, the installation is convenient, and the gauge change is reliable.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the axle for variable gauge wheelset according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the centering bushing of the variable gauge wheelset according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a gauge-changing wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another gauge-changing wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Axle 11. External spline of the axle; 12. Slotted hole; 13. The first raceway; 14. The first non-self-locking thread; 15. The center through hole; Locking thread; 22. External spline of shaft sleeve; 30. Wheel; 40. Outer sleeve; 41. Second raceway; 50. Axle box body; 60. Locking slip ring; 70. Locking spring; 80. Thrust pin; 90, thrust rod; 100, unlocking mechanism; 110, sliding bearing; 120, gear box; 130, brake disc.
  • connection and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, Or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or the first and second features pass through the middle indirect contact with the media.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature being “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an axle for a gauge-changeable wheelset and a wheelset with a gauge-changeable gauge.
  • the present embodiment combines the axle for the gauge-change wheelset and the wheelset for the gauge-change wheelset to be described.
  • a gauge-change wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application includes an axle for the gauge-change wheelset, an outer sleeve 40, a pair of axle sleeves 20 and a pair of wheels 30.
  • the axle 10 is provided with a central through hole 15 in the axial direction.
  • the outer periphery of the axle 10 near the middle is configured with a section of external splines extending axially along the axle 10 .
  • a section of first non-self-locking threads 14 with opposite directions of rotation are respectively provided on both sides of the axial direction, that is to say, the axle 10 is also provided with two sections of first non-self-locking threads 14 with opposite directions of rotation.
  • the locking threads 14 are arranged on both axial sides of the external splines, of course, there is a space between each first non-self-locking thread 14 and the external splines, and the axle 10 is located at the external splines with an oblong penetrating along its radial direction.
  • the hole 12, that is to say, the oblong hole 12 and the external spline are overlapped, and the length direction of the oblong hole 12 is along the axial direction of the axle 10, that is, the length direction of the oblong hole 12 is consistent with the extending direction of the external spline.
  • the length of the oblong hole 12 is slightly smaller than the length of the external spline.
  • the central through hole 15 provided on the axle 10 is beneficial to reduce the weight of the axle.
  • the axle 10 is configured with at least one first raceway 13 circumferentially arranged around the axle 10 at a position between one of the first non-self-locking threads 14 and the external splines, and the first raceway 13 is close to the external splines set up.
  • the cross section of the first raceway 13 is a concave semicircle.
  • a pair of wheels 30 are respectively mounted on both axial ends of the axle 10 through the bushings 20 , and the wheels 30 are fastened outside the first end of the bushing 20 .
  • the wheels 30 can be press-fitted on the first end of the bushing 20
  • the outer circumference of the end, so that the two are in an interference fit, the inner circumference of the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with a second non-self-locking thread matching the first non-self-locking thread 14 to form a non-self-locking thread pair, and the second non-self-locking thread pair is formed.
  • the length of the locking thread is greater than the length of the first non-self-locking thread 14 , and the greater length is equal to half of the track gauge, so that the two wheels 30 can follow the respective bushings 20 to change the track relative to the axle 10 during the rotation. half the distance, so that the sum of the distances moved by the two wheels 30 is equal to the distance required for the gauge change.
  • the outer sleeve 40 is sleeved outside the axle 10 , and the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is configured with a second raceway 41 corresponding to the first raceway 13 .
  • the size and shape of the second raceway 41 are the same as those of the first raceway 13 .
  • the size and shape of the rollers are the same; the second raceway 41 is provided with rolling body mounting holes, the first raceway 13 and the second raceway 41 are aligned to form a rolling space, and the rolling space is annular, and the rolling body is installed through the rolling body mounting holes to the rolling space.
  • the outer diameter of the rolling elements matches the inner diameter of the rolling space, the rolling elements can be balls, and the rolling space is filled; by connecting the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10 through the rolling elements, the outer sleeve 40 can be Rotationally connected outside the axle 10, in other words, so that the outer sleeve 40 has a degree of freedom in rotation, but restricts the freedom of movement of the outer sleeve 40, that is, so that the outer sleeve 40 can rotate relative to the axle 10 but Can not move.
  • the outer spline of the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is provided with an external spline.
  • the second end of the shaft sleeve 20 is located inside the wheel 30 and faces the outer sleeve 40 ; the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is located in the axial direction of the second raceway 41 .
  • Both sides and at the set distance from the second raceway 41 are respectively provided with internal splines matching the external splines on the shaft sleeve 20, and the two are connected with the external splines through the internal splines, so that the shaft sleeve 20 can be matched with the external splines.
  • the outer sleeve 40 rotates together, or the bushing 20 can move axially relative to the outer sleeve 40 .
  • the axle 10 forms an annular flange at the position where the first raceway 13 is constructed, and the outer diameter of the annular flange is larger than the outer diameter of the rest of the axle 10, so as to be formed at both axial ends of the annular flange Stop face.
  • both ends of the axle 10 located outside the pair of wheels 30 are respectively mounted with axle boxes 50 .
  • the gauge change wheelset further includes a locking slip ring 60 , a thrust pin 80 , an elastic member and a thrust rod 90 .
  • the locking slip ring 60 is slidably sleeved at the outer spline 11 of the axle, and the locking slip ring 60 is provided with an inner spline matching the outer spline 11 of the axle, and the locking slip ring 60 is provided with a peripheral There are external splines matched with the internal splines of the outer sleeve 40.
  • the locking slip ring 60 is provided with a pair of open grooves on its inner wall along the radial direction. The openings of the open grooves communicate with one end of the locking slip ring 60.
  • the width of the thrust pin 80 is smaller than the length of the oblong hole 12, and the thickness of the thrust pin 80 is less than or equal to the width of the oblong hole 12; in addition, the locking slip ring 60
  • the width should not be too wide to ensure that the locking slip ring 60 can move in the space between the second raceway 41 of the outer sleeve 40 and the inner spline.
  • An elastic member such as a locking spring 70 is sleeved on the axle 10, and one end of the elastic member abuts against the outer wall of the first raceway 13, that is, the stop end face, and the other end abuts against the end of the locking slip ring 60 away from the opening groove.
  • the outer splines outside the locking slip ring 60 are at least partially located in the inner splines on the corresponding side of the outer sleeve 40, and the inner splines of the locking slip ring 60 are connected to the outer splines 11 of the axle shafts. engage to lock the rotation of the outer sleeve 40 , thereby securing the outer sleeve 40 relative to the axle 10 .
  • the thrust rod 90 penetrates the central through hole 15 of the axle 10 and abuts against the side of the thrust pin 80 which is located in the opening slot.
  • the thrust pin 80 may be provided with a connecting shaft extending to one side, and the thrust rod 90 is designed to be hollow Rod, the thrust rod 90 is sleeved on the connecting shaft of the thrust pin 80 to realize the fixing of the two.
  • the connecting shaft can also be provided with an external thread, and one end of the thrust rod 90 is provided with an internal thread in the inner hole, and the two realize threaded connection.
  • the other end of the thrust rod 90 extends to the end of the central through hole 15, preferably, the outer end of the thrust rod 90 is substantially flush with the end of the central through hole 15, and the axle box body 50 is lifted by the unlocking rail to make the wheel 30
  • push the thrust pin 80 through the thrust rod 90 to drive the locking slip ring 60 to compress the elastic member on the axle 10 to move away from the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40 to disengage the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40 Press the key to unlock the rotational freedom of the outer sleeve 40.
  • the two wheels 30 can mutually Approach or move away from each other until it moves to the set gauge change position to complete the gauge change.
  • the thrust of the thrust rod 90 on the thrust pin 80 is removed at this time, and the thrust pin 80 will follow the locking slip ring 60 to return to the original position under the elastic reset action of the elastic member, that is, the outside of the locking slip ring 60.
  • the splines are reinserted into the inner splines of the outer sleeve 40 to lock the rotational freedom of the outer sleeve 40.
  • the shaft sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 cannot rotate relative to the axle 10, and the shaft sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 are only It can rotate together with the axle 10 , that is, the axle sleeve 20 and the outer sleeve 40 are locked on the axle 10 .
  • This embodiment is convenient and reliable to change the gauge, and the overall structure is simple.
  • the first non-self-locking thread 14 is a trapezoidal thread.
  • the second non-self-locking thread is a trapezoidal thread matching the trapezoidal thread, and the performance of the trapezoidal thread is reliable.
  • the elastic member may also adopt other elastic sleeves with certain elasticity.
  • an unlocking mechanism 100 is further included, and the unlocking mechanism 100 is installed at one end of the axle 10 where the thrust rod 90 is located. 100 only needs to be mounted on one end of the axle 10 .
  • the unlocking mechanism 100 includes a mounting seat and a push head axially passing through the mounting seat, the mounting seat is fixedly installed outside the axle box body 50, the push head and the push rod 90 are arranged opposite to each other, and the two can be coaxially arranged, and the push head and A gap can be left between the thrust rods 90.
  • the push head pushes the thrust rod 90 to unlock, that is, pushes the thrust pin 80 to drive the locking slip ring 60 to move,
  • the outer splines outside the locking slip ring 60 are disengaged from the inner splines of the outer sleeve 40, and the unlocking is completed.
  • the thrust pin 80 recovers under the action of the restoring force of the locking spring 70 and pushes out the thrust rod 90, and the thrust rod 90 pushes out the push head, the track change process is over, the wheelset is completely locked, and the normal operation state is re-entered. .
  • the inner circumference of the outer sleeve 40 is configured with an annular boss at the second raceway 41.
  • a pair of installation spaces for the axle sleeves 20 are formed between the outer sleeve 40 and the axle 10.
  • the axle sleeves 20 are first slidably sleeved on the axle 10 from both ends of the axle 10, and are inserted into the outer sleeve 40 from the installation space.
  • the outer splines 22 of the sleeve move axially relative to the inner splines of the outer sleeve 40 until the second non-self-locking thread of the shaft sleeve 20 is in contact with the first non-self-locking thread 14 of the axle 10, and the shaft sleeve 20 is rotated. , so that the second non-self-locking thread is screwed into the first non-self-locking thread 14 .
  • a gear box 120 is installed outside the outer sleeve 40 , and for a wheelset with a change in gauge on a trailer, a plurality of brake discs 130 are installed on the outside of the outer sleeve 40 .
  • first raceways 13 there are two first raceways 13, and the two first raceways 13 are arranged side by side.
  • the first raceway 13 divides the axle 10 into a main half shaft and an auxiliary half shaft, and the axle 10 provided with the external splines and the oblong hole 12 is the main half shaft.
  • the locking slip ring 60 is installed on the main half shaft, and the opening slot of the locking slip ring 60 opens towards the free end of the main half shaft, and the locking spring 70 is installed between the stop end face of the annular flange and the locking slip ring 60. between.
  • the first raceway 13 is arranged close to the external spline 11 of the axle.
  • the distance between the external splines 11 of the axle and the adjacent first non-self-locking threads 14 is equal to the distance between the annular flange and the adjacent first non-self-locking threads 14, and Both are equal to half of the variable gauge, which is the movement space of the second non-self-locking thread of the bushing 20 .
  • both axial ends of the axle 10 are configured as stepped shafts with diameters at both ends smaller than the middle diameter, so that the shafts at both ends of the stepped shaft are used to install the axle box body 50 .
  • sliding sections are respectively formed on the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft between each section of the first non-self-locking thread 14 and the shaft end of the intermediate shaft, so that the shaft sleeve 20 is relatively opposed to each other through the sliding bearing 110 . Sliding on the axle 10.
  • Unlocking section the axle box body 50 is gradually raised by the unlocking rail, so that the wheel 30 is unloaded. After the unlocking mechanism 100 is triggered, the thrust head is pushed inward to contact the thrust rod 90, and the thrust pin 80 and the locking slip ring 60 are pushed inward. Move and compress the locking spring 70 until the locking slip ring 60 is out of contact with the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40 , and the rotation constraint between the axle 10 and the axle sleeve 20 is released.
  • variable pitch section Entering the variable pitch section, the wheel 30 moves inward (or outward) under the action of the lateral force of the gauge change, and the wheel 30 and the shaft sleeve 20 rotate together around the non-self-locking thread pair to reach the target rail. distance.
  • Locking section When entering the locking section, the unlocking rail gradually lowers and exits the supporting role.
  • the locking slip ring 60 moves outward under the thrust of the locking spring 70 and is inserted into the inner spline of the outer sleeve 40 to achieve locking again.
  • the thrust pin 80 is reset under the action of the restoring force of the locking spring 70 and pushes out the thrust rod 90 and the push head, the track change process is over, the wheelset is completely locked, and the normal operation state is re-entered.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种变轨距轮对，包括车轴（10），车轴（10）的轴向设有中心通孔（15），车轴（10）靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿车轴（10）轴向延伸的外花键（11），车轴（10）的外周位于外花键（11）的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹（14），车轴（10）位于外花键（11）处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔（12），长圆孔（12）的长度方向沿车轴（10）的轴向；车轴（10）在位于其中一个第一非自锁螺纹（14）与外花键（11）之间的部位构造有环绕车轴（10）周向设置的至少一个第一滚道（13）。车轴（10）结构设计巧妙，使得车轴（10）与车轮连接结构简单，变轨距可靠性高。还公开了一种变轨距轮对用车轴。

Description

变轨距轮对用车轴及变轨距轮对
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年7月28日提交的申请号为2020107371934，发明名称为“变轨距轮对用车轴及变轨距轮对”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本公开。
技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆变轨距技术领域，尤其涉及变轨距轮对用车轴及变轨距轮对。
背景技术
跨国间的客货运输在近年来增长迅速，然而由于各国铁路的轨距不同，从而给跨国间的铁路运输造成严重的阻碍。为了解决各国铁路的轨距不同对跨国间的铁路运输造成阻碍的问题，对此提出了变轨距的列车，即当列车行驶到它国的铁路上时，通过改变车轴上的车轮之间的间距，来适应它国铁路的轨距。
然而，现有的车轴与车轮连接结构复杂，变轨距可靠性低。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种变轨距轮对用车轴，车轴结构设计巧妙，使得车轴与车轮连接结构简单，变轨距可靠性高。
本申请还提出一种变轨距轮对。
根据本申请一方面实施例的一种变轨距轮对用车轴，所述车轴的轴向设有中心通孔，所述车轴靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿所述车轴轴向延伸的外花键，所述车轴的外周位于所述外花键的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹，所述车轴位于所述外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向沿所述车轴的轴向；
所述车轴在位于其中一个所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述外花键之间的部位构造有环绕所述车轴周向设置的至少一个第一滚道。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述第一滚道为两个，两个所述第一滚道并排设置，所述第一滚道靠近所述外花键设置。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述第一滚道的横截面呈内凹的半圆形。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述车轴在构造所述第一滚道的部位形成环形凸缘，所述环形凸缘的外径大于所述车轴其余部位的外径，以在所述环形凸缘的轴向两端形成止挡端面。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述外花键与相邻的所述第一非自锁螺纹之间的间距等于所述环形凸缘与相邻的所述第一非自锁螺纹之间的间距，且均等于变轨距的一半。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述第一非自锁螺纹为梯形螺纹。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述车轴的轴向两端构造成两端直径小于中间直径的阶梯轴，所述阶梯轴的两端轴用于安装轴箱体。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述阶梯轴的中间轴在位于每段所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述中间轴的轴端之间的部位分别形成有滑动段。
根据本申请另一方面实施例的一种变轨距轮对，包括车轴和一对车轮，所述车轴采用上述所述的变轨距轮对用车轴；
还包括外套筒和一对轴套；
一对所述车轮分别通过所述轴套安装在所述车轴上，所述车轮紧固在所述轴套的第一端外周，所述轴套的第二端内周设有与所述第一非自锁螺纹相匹配形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹；
所述轴套的第二端外周设有外花键；
所述外套筒套设在所述车轴外，所述外套筒的内周构造有与所述第一滚道相对应的第二滚道，所述第二滚道设有滚动体安装孔，所述第一滚道与所述第二滚道对合形成滚动空间，通过所述滚动体安装孔向所述滚动空间中安装有与其匹配的滚动体，以将所述外套筒可转动地连接在所述车轴外，所述外套筒内位于所述第二滚道的轴向两侧且距离所述第二滚道设定间距处分别设有与所述轴套上的外花键匹配的内花键。
根据本申请的一个实施例，还包括锁紧滑环、推力销、弹性件和推力杆；
所述锁紧滑环可滑动地套设在所述车轴的外花键处，所述锁紧滑环内 设有与所述车轴的外花键匹配的内花键，所述锁紧滑环外设有与所述外套筒的内花键匹配的外花键，所述锁紧滑环沿径向在其内壁开设有一对开口槽，所述开口槽的开口与所述锁紧滑环的一端连通，所述推力销穿过所述长圆孔且所述推力销的两端外露出所述长圆孔，所述推力销外露出所述长圆孔的两端由所述开口槽的开口嵌设在一对所述开口槽中，所述弹性件套设在所述车轴上且所述弹性件的一端抵靠所述第一滚道的外壁，另一端抵靠所述锁紧滑环远离所述开口槽的端部，在所述弹性件处于自然状态下，所述锁紧滑环外的外花键至少有部分位于所述外套筒相应侧的内花键中，以锁定所述外套筒的转动；
所述推力杆的一端穿入所述车轴的中心通孔并抵靠在所述推力销位于所述开口槽的一侧，所述推力杆的另一端延伸至所述中心通孔的端部。
根据本申请的一个实施例，还包括解锁机构，所述解锁机构安装在所述车轴位于所述推力杆的一端；
所述车轴位于一对所述车轮外的两端分别安装有轴箱体，所述解锁机构包括安装座以及轴向穿过所述安装座的推动头，所述安装座固定安装在所述轴箱体外，所述推动头与所述推力杆相对设置。
根据本申请的一个实施例，所述第二非自锁螺纹的长度大于所述第一非自锁螺纹的长度，且等于变轨距的一半；
所述外套筒的内周构造有所述第二滚道处设有环形凸台，所述外套筒与所述车轴连接后，在所述滚动空间的轴向两侧的所述外套筒与所述车轴之间形成一对所述轴套的安装空间；
所述弹性件为锁紧弹簧。
本申请实施例中的上述一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果之一：
本申请实施例的一种变轨距轮对用车轴，采用车轴的轴向设有中心通孔，所述车轴靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿所述车轴轴向延伸的外花键，所述车轴的外周位于所述外花键的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹，所述车轴位于所述外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向沿所述车轴的轴向；所述车轴在位于其中一个所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述外花键之间的部位构造有环绕所述车轴周向设置 的至少一个第一滚道的结构；使得车轴结构设计巧妙，保证车轴与车轮连接结构简单，变轨距可靠性高。
本申请实施例的一种变轨距轮对，通过设置上述变轨距轮对用车轴，无需设置复杂的变轨机构，简化了车轴外其他配套部件的结构，使得该变轨距轮对整体结构简单，安装方便，变轨距可靠。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例变轨距轮对用车轴的主视结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例变轨距轮对中轴套的立体结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例一种变轨距轮对的轴向剖视结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例另一种变轨距轮对的轴向剖视结构示意图。
附图标记：
10、车轴；11、车轴的外花键；12、长圆孔；13、第一滚道；14、第一非自锁螺纹；15、中心通孔；20、轴套；21、第二非自锁螺纹；22、轴套的外花键；30、车轮；40、外套筒；41、第二滚道；50、轴箱体；60、锁紧滑环；70、锁紧弹簧；80、推力销；90、推力杆；100、解锁机构；110、滑动轴承；120、齿轮箱；130、制动盘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本申请，但不能用来限制本申请的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为 基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
如图1至图4所示，本申请实施例提供了一种变轨距轮对用车轴以及变轨距轮对。
为了清楚地介绍本申请的内容，本实施例将变轨距轮对用车轴与变轨距轮对结合起来描述。
参见图1至图4，本申请实施例的一种变轨距轮对，包括变轨距轮对 用车轴、外套筒40、一对轴套20和一对车轮30。
具体地，如图1所示，车轴10的轴向设有中心通孔15，车轴10靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿车轴10轴向延伸的外花键，车轴10的外周位于外花键的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹14，也就是说，车轴10上还设有两段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹14，两段第一非自锁螺纹14分设在外花键的轴向两侧，当然，每段第一非自锁螺纹14与外花键之间留有间距，车轴10位于外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔12，也就是说，长圆孔12与外花键重合设置，长圆孔12的长度方向沿车轴10的轴向，即长圆孔12的长度方向与外花键的延伸方向一致。
本实施例，长圆孔12的长度略小于外花键的长度。此外，车轴10设置中心通孔15有利于车轴减重。
进一步地，车轴10在位于其中一个第一非自锁螺纹14与外花键之间的部位构造有环绕车轴10周向设置的至少一个第一滚道13，第一滚道13靠近外花键设置。
本实施例中，第一滚道13的横截面呈内凹的半圆形。
具体地，一对车轮30分别通过轴套20安装在车轴10的轴向两端，车轮30紧固在轴套20的第一端外，例如可以将车轮30压装在轴套20的第一端的外周，使得两者过盈配合，轴套20的第二端内周设有与第一非自锁螺纹14相匹配形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹，第二非自锁螺纹的长度大于第一非自锁螺纹14的长度，且大于的长度等于变轨距的一半，以使得两个车轮30跟随各自的轴套20能够相对车轴10在转动过程中各移动变轨距的一半，从而两个车轮30移动的距离之和等于所需变轨距的距离。
外套筒40套设在车轴10外，外套筒40的内周构造有与第一滚道13相对应的第二滚道41，第二滚道41的大小、形状与第一滚道13的大小、形状一致；第二滚道41设有滚动体安装孔，第一滚道13与第二滚道41对合形成滚动空间，滚动空间呈圆环形，通过滚动体安装孔向滚动空间装设滚动体，滚动体的外径与滚动空间的内径相匹配，滚动体可以是滚珠，装满滚动空间；通过将外套筒40与车轴10通过滚动体连接，以将外套筒40可转动地连接在车轴10外，换句话说，以使得外套筒40具有转动的自 由度，但是限制外套筒40的移动自由度，也就是说，使得外套筒40可以相对车轴10转动但是不能移动。
轴套20的第二端外周设有外花键，安装后轴套20的第二端位于车轮30的内侧且朝向外套筒40；外套筒40内周位于第二滚道41的轴向两侧且距离第二滚道41设定间距处分别设有与轴套20上的外花键匹配的内花键，两者通过内花键与外花键匹配连接，使得轴套20可以与外套筒40一起转动，或轴套20可以相对于外套筒40轴向移动。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴10在构造第一滚道13的部位形成环形凸缘，环形凸缘的外径大于车轴10其余部位的外径，以在环形凸缘的轴向两端形成止挡端面。
具体地，车轴10位于一对车轮30外的两端分别安装有轴箱体50。
根据本申请的一个实施例，变轨距轮对还包括锁紧滑环60、推力销80、弹性件和推力杆90。
具体地，锁紧滑环60可滑动地套设在车轴的外花键11处，锁紧滑环60内设有与车轴的外花键11匹配的内花键，锁紧滑环60外设有与外套筒40的内花键匹配的外花键，锁紧滑环60沿径向在其内壁开设有一对开口槽，开口槽的开口与锁紧滑环60的一端连通，推力销80穿过长圆孔12且推力销80的两端外露出长圆孔12，推力销80外露出长圆孔12的两端由开口槽的开口嵌设在一对开口槽中，推力销80的长度与一对开口槽顶壁之间的距离相同，推力销80的两端抵靠在开口槽的顶壁，此外，推力销80的厚度与开口槽的宽度相一致，使得推力销80与锁紧滑环60连接可靠。
当然，为了便于推力销80能够沿长圆孔12的轴向移动，推力销80的宽度小于长圆孔12的长度，推力销80的厚度小于或等于长圆孔12的宽度；此外，锁紧滑环60的宽度不宜过宽，以保证锁紧滑环60能够在外套筒40的第二滚道41与内花键之间的空间具有移动量。
弹性件例如锁紧弹簧70套设在车轴10上且弹性件的一端抵靠第一滚道13的外壁即止挡端面处，另一端抵靠锁紧滑环60远离开口槽的端部，在弹性件处于自然状态下，锁紧滑环60外的外花键至少有部分位于外套筒40相应侧的内花键中，且锁紧滑环60的内花键与车轴的外花键11啮 合，以锁定外套筒40的转动，从而将外套筒40相对车轴10固定。
推力杆90的一端穿入车轴10的中心通孔15并抵靠在推力销80位于开口槽的一侧，例如可以是推力销80设有向一侧延伸的连接轴，推力杆90设计为空心杆，推力杆90套接在推力销80的连接轴上，实现两者固定，当然，连接轴上还可以设有外螺纹，推力杆90的一端内孔设有内螺纹，两者实现螺纹连接；推力杆90的另一端延伸至中心通孔15的端部，优选地，推力杆90的外端与中心通孔15的端部大致平齐，在轴箱体50由解锁轨抬起使得车轮30卸载后，通过推力杆90对推力销80施加推力，以带动锁紧滑环60压缩弹性件在车轴10上朝向远离外套筒40内花键的方向移动以脱离外套筒40的内花键，从而将外套筒40的转动自由度解锁，此时若推动车轮30，由于轴套20与车轴10通过非自锁螺纹副连接，则车轮30与轴套20将一起绕车轴10转动，轴套20的第二非自锁螺纹沿车轴10的第一非自锁螺纹14在转动中移动，从而车轮30跟随轴套20一起在转动过程中移动。在车轮30卸载后，同时向内或向外推动一对车轮30时，由于一对非自锁螺纹副的旋向相反，使得一对车轮30向同一个方向转动时，两个车轮30可以相互靠近或相互远离，直至移动到设定的变轨距位置处，完成变轨距。
变轨距完成后，此时撤除推力杆90对推力销80的推力，推力销80将在弹性件的弹性复位作用下跟随锁紧滑环60回复到原始位置，即锁紧滑环60的外花键重新插入外套筒40的内花键中将外套筒40的转动自由度锁定，此时，轴套20与外套筒40无法相对车轴10转动，轴套20与外套筒40只能与车轴10一起转动，即轴套20与外套筒40锁定在车轴10上。
本实施例变轨距方便、可靠，整体结构简单。
本实施例中，第一非自锁螺纹14采用梯形螺纹，相应地，第二非自锁螺纹为与该梯形螺纹匹配的梯形螺纹，梯形螺纹的性能可靠。
需要说明的是，弹性件还可以采用其他具有一定伸缩性的弹性套等。
为了能够在变轨时借助外力直接对推力杆90施加推力，根据本申请的一个实施例，还包括解锁机构100，解锁机构100安装在车轴10位于推力杆90的一端，也就是说，解锁机构100只需要安装在车轴10的一端。
具体地，解锁机构100包括安装座以及轴向穿过安装座的推动头，安装座固定安装在轴箱体50外，推动头与推力杆90相对设置，两者可以同轴设置，推动头与推力杆90之间可以留有间隙，当地面变轨设施的轨道侧壁向推动头施加轴向推力时，推动头推动推力杆90进行解锁，即推动推力销80带动锁紧滑环60移动，使得锁紧滑环60外的外花键与外套筒40的内花键脱离，解锁完成。
变轨距完成后，推力销80在锁紧弹簧70回复力作用下恢复并推出推力杆90，并由推力杆90推出推动头，变轨过程结束，轮对完全锁紧，重新进入正常运行状态。
根据本申请的一个实施例，外套筒40的内周构造有第二滚道41处设有环形凸台，外套筒40与车轴10通过滚珠连接后，在滚动空间的轴向两侧，外套筒40与车轴10之间形成一对轴套20的安装空间，轴套20先从车轴10的两端分别滑动套设在车轴10上，并从安装空间插入外套筒40内，轴套的外花键22相对外套筒40的内花键轴向移动，直至移动到轴套20的第二非自锁螺纹与车轴10的第一非自锁螺纹14接触时，转动轴套20，使得第二非自锁螺纹旋进第一非自锁螺纹14中。
对于动车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外安装有齿轮箱120，对于拖车变轨距轮对，外套筒40外安装有多个间隔设置的制动盘130。
为了提高外套筒40与车轴10连接的可靠性，根据本申请的一个实施例，第一滚道13为两个，两个第一滚道13并排设置。
进一步地，以第一滚道13将车轴10划分为主半轴和付半轴，设有外花键以及长圆孔12的车轴10为主半轴。锁紧滑环60安装在主半轴，且锁紧滑环60的开口槽开口朝向主半轴的自由端方向，锁紧弹簧70安装在环形凸缘的止挡端面与锁紧滑环60之间。
为了结构优化，第一滚道13靠近车轴的外花键11设置。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴的外花键11与相邻的第一非自锁螺纹14之间的间距等于环形凸缘与相邻的第一非自锁螺纹14之间的间距，且均等于变轨距的一半，该间距为轴套20的第二非自锁螺纹的移动空间。
根据本申请的一个实施例，车轴10的轴向两端构造成两端直径小于中间直径的阶梯轴，以便于阶梯轴的两端轴用于安装轴箱体50。
根据本申请的一个实施例，阶梯轴的中间轴上在位于每段第一非自锁螺纹14与中间轴的轴端之间的部位分别形成有滑动段，便于轴套20通过滑动轴承110相对于车轴10滑动。
本实施例实现变轨过程如下：
1、解锁段：轴箱体50由解锁轨逐渐抬高，使得车轮30卸载，解锁机构100触发后，推动推力头向内接触推力杆90，并推动推力销80、锁紧滑环60向内移动并压缩锁紧弹簧70，直至锁紧滑环60与外套筒40的内花键脱离接触，车轴10与轴套20间回转约束被解除。
2、变距段：进入变距段，在变轨距横向力作用下车轮30向内(或向外)移动，车轮30与轴套20一体绕非自锁螺纹副发生回转运动，至目标轨距。
3、锁定段：进入锁定段，解锁轨逐渐降低退出支撑作用，锁紧滑环60等在锁紧弹簧70推力作用下向外移动插入外套筒40的内花键重新实现锁紧，推力销80在锁紧弹簧70回复力作用下复位并推出推力杆90以及推动头，变轨过程结束，轮对完全锁紧，重新进入正常运行状态。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本申请，而非对本申请的限制。尽管参照实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本申请的技术方案进行各种组合、修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求范围中。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述车轴的轴向设有中心通孔，所述车轴靠近中部的外周构造有一段沿所述车轴轴向延伸的外花键，所述车轴的外周位于所述外花键的轴向两侧分别设有一段旋向相反的第一非自锁螺纹，所述车轴位于所述外花键处设有沿其径向贯通的长圆孔，所述长圆孔的长度方向沿所述车轴的轴向；
    所述车轴在位于其中一个所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述外花键之间的部位构造有环绕所述车轴周向设置的至少一个第一滚道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述第一滚道为两个，两个所述第一滚道并排设置，所述第一滚道靠近所述外花键设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述第一滚道的横截面呈内凹的半圆形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述车轴在构造所述第一滚道的部位形成环形凸缘，所述环形凸缘的外径大于所述车轴其余部位的外径，以在所述环形凸缘的轴向两端形成止挡端面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述外花键与相邻的所述第一非自锁螺纹之间的间距等于所述环形凸缘与相邻的所述第一非自锁螺纹之间的间距，且均等于变轨距的一半。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述第一非自锁螺纹为梯形螺纹。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述车轴的轴向两端构造成两端直径小于中间直径的阶梯轴，所述阶梯轴的两端轴用于安装轴箱体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变轨距轮对用车轴，其特征在于，所述阶梯轴的中间轴在位于每段所述第一非自锁螺纹与所述中间轴的轴端之间的部位分别形成有滑动段。
  9. 一种变轨距轮对，包括车轴和一对车轮，其特征在于，所述车轴采用如权利要求1-8任一项所述的变轨距轮对用车轴；
    还包括外套筒和一对轴套；
    一对所述车轮分别通过所述轴套安装在所述车轴上，所述车轮紧固在所述轴套的第一端外周，所述轴套的第二端内周设有与所述第一非自锁螺纹相匹配形成非自锁螺纹副的第二非自锁螺纹；
    所述轴套的第二端外周设有外花键；
    所述外套筒套设在所述车轴外，所述外套筒的内周构造有与所述第一滚道相对应的第二滚道，所述第二滚道设有滚动体安装孔，所述第一滚道与所述第二滚道对合形成滚动空间，通过所述滚动体安装孔向所述滚动空间中安装有与其匹配的滚动体，以将所述外套筒可转动地连接在所述车轴外，所述外套筒内位于所述第二滚道的轴向两侧且距离所述第二滚道设定间距处分别设有与所述轴套上的外花键匹配的内花键。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，还包括锁紧滑环、推力销、弹性件和推力杆；
    所述锁紧滑环可滑动地套设在所述车轴的外花键处，所述锁紧滑环内设有与所述车轴的外花键匹配的内花键，所述锁紧滑环外设有与所述外套筒的内花键匹配的外花键，所述锁紧滑环沿径向在其内壁开设有一对开口槽，所述开口槽的开口与所述锁紧滑环的一端连通，所述推力销穿过所述长圆孔且所述推力销的两端外露出所述长圆孔，所述推力销外露出所述长圆孔的两端由所述开口槽的开口嵌设在一对所述开口槽中，所述弹性件套设在所述车轴上且所述弹性件的一端抵靠所述第一滚道的外壁，另一端抵靠所述锁紧滑环远离所述开口槽的端部，在所述弹性件处于自然状态下，所述锁紧滑环外的外花键至少有部分位于所述外套筒相应侧的内花键中，以锁定所述外套筒的转动；
    所述推力杆的一端穿入所述车轴的中心通孔并抵靠在所述推力销位于所述开口槽的一侧，所述推力杆的另一端延伸至所述中心通孔的端部。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，还包括解锁机构，所述解锁机构安装在所述车轴位于所述推力杆的一端；
    所述车轴位于一对所述车轮外的两端分别安装有轴箱体，所述解锁机构包括安装座以及轴向穿过所述安装座的推动头，所述安装座固定安装在所述轴箱体外，所述推动头与所述推力杆相对设置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的变轨距轮对，其特征在于，
    所述第二非自锁螺纹的长度大于所述第一非自锁螺纹的长度，且等于变轨距的一半；
    所述外套筒的内周构造有所述第二滚道处设有环形凸台，所述外套筒与所述车轴连接后，在所述滚动空间的轴向两侧的所述外套筒与所述车轴之间形成一对所述轴套的安装空间；
    所述弹性件为锁紧弹簧。
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