WO2022021820A1 - 扬声器及电子设备 - Google Patents

扬声器及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021820A1
WO2022021820A1 PCT/CN2021/073454 CN2021073454W WO2022021820A1 WO 2022021820 A1 WO2022021820 A1 WO 2022021820A1 CN 2021073454 W CN2021073454 W CN 2021073454W WO 2022021820 A1 WO2022021820 A1 WO 2022021820A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
armature
magnetic
speaker
side bridge
fixedly connected
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073454
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
文晙赫
角田直隆
李贤胜
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202180001753.2A priority Critical patent/CN113519170A/zh
Publication of WO2022021820A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021820A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
    • H04R11/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, and in particular, to a loudspeaker and an electronic device.
  • TWS headphones are one of the most popular products today.
  • TWS headsets have built-in devices, including batteries for battery life, digital-to-analog converters that convert digital signals into analog signals, Bluetooth transmitters, antennas, and chips for optimizing audio signals.
  • To integrate all these basic components into the earphone shell it is necessary to have matching drive units that produce sound, and one of the commonly used drive units is the balanced armature drive.
  • the performance requirements of speakers in the low frequency band are very high, for example, TWS headphones with Active Noise Cancelling (ANC), and the existing armature drive units are difficult to meet the requirements.
  • ANC Active Noise Cancelling
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present application is to provide a speaker and an electronic device capable of improving low-frequency performance.
  • an implementation manner of the present application provides a loudspeaker including a loudspeaker housing, a magnetic circuit system, a diaphragm structure and a driving rod, wherein the magnetic circuit system, the diaphragm structure and the driving rod are all accommodated in the In the speaker housing, the magnetic circuit system includes a permanent magnet component, an electromagnetic coil and an armature, the permanent magnetic component is used to generate a fixed magnetic field, and the electromagnetic coil is used to generate an alternating magnetic field, wherein the armature includes a connection the first armature part and the second insertion part, the direction in which the first armature part extends toward the second armature part is the first direction, and the first armature part is accommodated in the electromagnetic coil, The second armature portion is accommodated in the permanent magnet member, and the width of the first armature portion along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is smaller than that of the second armature portion along the second The diaphragm structure is fixed on the inner wall of the
  • the fixed magnetic field is a magnetic field whose intensity and direction remain unchanged.
  • the alternating magnetic field is a magnetic field whose direction of the magnetic field changes alternately according to the polarity of the input audio signal.
  • the audio signal is a sinusoidal alternating current signal, which is not limited herein.
  • the armature is magnetized by the fixed magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field and under the action of the fixed magnetic field, thereby driving the diaphragm structure to vibrate to generate sound pressure.
  • the driving force F that is, the magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnet components on the armature.
  • the driving force F Bl ⁇ I, where Bl is the magneto-electrical conversion factor, and I is the current input in the electromagnetic coil. In this way, increasing the magneto-electrical conversion factor B1 can increase the low-frequency output sound pressure level.
  • the magneto-electric conversion factor B1 is related to the magnetic flux of the fixed magnetic field received by the armature.
  • the magneto-electric conversion factor B1 can be effectively improved.
  • the magnetic flux received by the armature can be increased.
  • the driving force F that the armature can receive is proportional to the magnetic effective area of the armature placed in the magnetic field.
  • the width of the second armature part along the second direction is larger than the width of the first armature part along the second direction
  • the magnetic effective area of the armature in the fixed magnetic field is increased.
  • Increasing the magnetic effective area of the armature in the fixed magnetic field can effectively increase the magnetic flux received by the armature, thereby increasing the magneto-electrical conversion factor B1, and finally increasing the driving force F.
  • the driving force F is increased, the low-frequency output sound pressure level of the speaker is increased, that is, the low-frequency sound pressure level performance of the speaker is improved.
  • the resonance frequency of the vibration of the diaphragm structure depends on the resonance frequency of the armature.
  • the resonant frequency of the armature Among them, K is the stiffness of the armature, and M is the mass of the armature. According to the formula Among them, E is Young's modulus, b is the width of the armature, h is the thickness of the armature, and L is the length of the armature. It can be seen that the stiffness K of the armature is related to the size of the armature.
  • the stiffness K of the armature is reduced and the mass M of the armature is improved, thereby reducing the armature
  • the resonant frequency f of expands the low-frequency response of the armature, that is, improves the low-frequency performance of the speaker.
  • the combined structure of the permanent magnet component, the electromagnetic coil, the first armature part and the second armature part is the result of design considering various factors. Due to the volume limitation of the speaker housing, and the speaker housing needs to reserve installation space for components other than the armature, for example, the magnetic core in the permanent magnet component needs to retain a certain thickness to avoid the magnetic core being too thin Saturation affects the sound pressure output of the loudspeaker. Therefore, considering the impact on the magnetic circuit design, the size of the armature part (referred to as the armature front end) through which the permanent magnet components are pierced cannot be infinitely widened.
  • the magnetomotive force of the electrified electromagnetic coil Mf N ⁇ I, where N is the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil, and I is the current passed into the electromagnetic coil.
  • N is the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil
  • I is the current passed into the electromagnetic coil.
  • the more turns N the greater the magnetomotive force generated by the energized solenoid.
  • the low-frequency sound pressure level output of the speaker is proportional to the magnetomotive force of the coil, that is, the greater the magnetomotive force generated by the electromagnetic coil, the greater the low-frequency sound pressure level output of the speaker.
  • N the width of the first armature part through which the electromagnetic coil is inserted is smaller than the width of the second armature part through which the permanent magnet component is inserted. Increases the sound pressure output of the speakers.
  • the material is generally selected according to the magnetic permeability, and the density ⁇ is determined after the material is selected.
  • the volume V of the armature cannot be increased indefinitely. This needs to comprehensively consider the impact of increasing the volume V of the armature. For example, increasing the thickness of the armature will increase the mass M of the armature, but the thickness of the armature will increase. An increase in , also leads to an increase in the armature stiffness K, which in turn leads to an increase in the resonant frequency f, which ultimately affects the low-frequency performance of the speaker system.
  • the width of the connection between the second armature part and the first armature part is determined from the direction of the first armature part to the The direction of the second armature portion increases, which is beneficial to improve the structural stability and rigidity of the armature.
  • the connection between the second armature part and the first armature part refers to the connection part or the connection area between the second armature part and the first armature part.
  • the armature further includes a reinforcement arm, a first side bridge and a second side bridge, One end of the first armature part away from the second armature part, the first side bridge and the second side bridge are all fixedly connected to the reinforcing arm and arranged at intervals, and the second armature part Located between the first side bridge and the second side bridge, the reinforcing arm, the first side bridge and the second side bridge are all located outside the electromagnetic coil, the first side bridge and the The second side bridge is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the permanent magnet component. In this way, the electromagnetic coil is surrounded by the reinforcing arm, the first side bridge and the second side bridge, which is beneficial to improve the assembly stability of the armature and the electromagnetic coil. sex.
  • the reinforcement arm includes a fixedly connected first reinforcement portion and a second reinforcement part
  • the first side bridge is fixedly connected with the first reinforcement part
  • the second side bridge is fixedly connected with the first reinforcement part
  • the first side bridge and the second side bridge are arranged opposite to each other
  • the The first reinforcement part is located between the diaphragm structure and the electromagnetic coil, the end of the second reinforcement part far away from the first reinforcement part and the first armature part away from the second armature part
  • One end of the armature is fixedly connected
  • the first reinforcement part is arranged opposite to the first armature part, so that the first reinforcement part, the second reinforcement part, the first armature part and the second armature part form a U-shaped structure , increase the area of the armature surrounding the electromagnetic coil, and further improve the assembly stability of the armature and the electromagnetic coil.
  • both the first side bridge and the second side bridge are It includes a fixedly connected bridge body and a connecting part, the connecting part is formed by bending and extending the edge of one end of the first reinforcement part away from the second reinforcement part toward the side away from the diaphragm structure, and the bridge body is formed. It is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the permanent magnet component, and the bridge body and the first armature part extend in the same direction, so that the first side bridge and the second side bridge are curved structures, which strengthens the structural stability of the armature .
  • the permanent magnet component includes a magnetic core, a first magnetic member, and a second A magnetic piece, the first magnetic piece and the second magnetic piece are fixedly accommodated in the magnetic core, the first magnetic piece, the second armature part, and the second magnetic piece are along the The three-direction arrangement, in this way, strengthens the magnetic field strength of the fixed magnetic field.
  • the second armature part is remote from the first armature part
  • One end is provided with a first connection hole, and the driving rod and the first connection hole are fixedly connected by colloid, which is beneficial to improve the stability and efficiency of the assembly of the armature and the driving rod.
  • the vibrating membrane structure includes a fixing ring, a sheet body and a vibrating membrane, so
  • the fixing ring is fixed on the inner wall of the speaker housing, the vibration film is fixed on the fixing ring, and the sheet body is fixed on the vibration film away from the armature (including the first armature part and the second armature part).
  • One side of the second armature part that is, the vibrating film is located between the sheet body and the armature, and the end of the driving rod away from the second armature part is fixedly connected to the sheet body, so
  • the armature can drive the sheet body and the vibrating film to vibrate.
  • the vibrating membrane is fixed on the inner wall of the loudspeaker casing through the fixing ring, which facilitates the assembly of the loudspeaker.
  • the sheet body is arranged on the vibrating membrane to strengthen the rigidity and strength of the vibrating membrane structure.
  • the sheet body has a maximum displacement area, and the maximum displacement area is the The vibration displacement when the sheet body vibrates is located in an area within the maximum displacement range, wherein the maximum value in the maximum displacement range is the maximum vibration displacement when the sheet body vibrates, and the maximum displacement area of the sheet body is provided with a concave.
  • the concave hole is recessed from the edge of the sheet body toward the interior of the sheet body, so that the edge of the maximum displacement area of the sheet body has a frog web structure, which is beneficial to overcome the resistance in the air and generate air sound pressure, thereby Improve the propulsion of the diaphragm structure movement, which helps the speaker achieve higher sound pressure.
  • the edge of the concave hole is an arc-shaped edge, so that the The smooth edge profile further helps overcome resistance in the air, helping the speaker achieve higher sound pressure.
  • the maximum length of the armature along the second direction is the same as the maximum length of the armature in the second direction.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the armature along the first direction is 1:J, and the J is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the stiffness K of the armature is related to the size of the armature. Under the same material, same width and thickness, the smaller the ratio of the short axis of the armature to the long axis of the armature, the smaller the stiffness K of the armature, thereby reducing the resonant frequency f of the armature.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the armature along the second direction to the maximum length of the armature along the first direction is 1:J, and the J is greater than or equal to 2, whichever is smaller.
  • the stiffness K and the larger mass M in this way, enable the armature to obtain a lower resonant frequency, thereby improving the low-frequency sound pressure performance of the speaker.
  • the speaker housing is on a projection plane perpendicular to the third direction
  • the shape of the orthographic projection on the top is polygonal, which reduces the occupied space of the speaker housing and is beneficial to the miniaturization of the speaker. Wearing comfort.
  • the length of the speaker housing along the second direction is the same as the length along the first
  • the ratio of the length in one direction is 1:Q, and the Q is greater than or equal to 2, so as to achieve adaptation with the armature and facilitate assembly.
  • an electronic device in a second aspect, includes a main casing, the above-mentioned speaker, and a processor, wherein the speaker and the processor are fixedly accommodated in the main casing, and an electromagnetic coil of the speaker is electrically connected to the processor , the use of full-frequency balanced armature-driven speakers in electronic equipment greatly improves the audio performance of electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device is a wireless headset, and the electronic device further includes a wireless communication module and a power supply module, the power supply module
  • the processor and the wireless communication module provide power
  • the wireless communication module is used to establish a wireless connection with other terminal devices to obtain audio signals
  • the processor is used to control the armature movement that drives the speaker according to the audio signals,
  • the diaphragm structure vibrates and emits sound.
  • a wireless connection is established with other terminal equipment through the wireless communication module to realize audio playback, which is convenient for users to carry and use.
  • the electronic device further includes a microphone and an active noise reduction module, the microphone and the active noise reduction
  • the modules are fixedly accommodated in the main casing, the microphone is used to collect noise, the active noise reduction module is used to generate a noise reduction signal according to the noise, and the noise reduction signal and the audio signal are sent to the the solenoid coil of the speaker.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic plan view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram when the electronic device is worn on the user's ear
  • Fig. 3 is the terminal device provided by the embodiment of the application, a schematic interface diagram when performing service connection with the electronic device shown in Fig. 2a;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another interface when the terminal device provided by the embodiment of the present application is used for performing a service connection with the electronic device shown in FIG. 2a;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a speaker according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 3 along line IV-IV;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective exploded schematic view of the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 8 is the top view of the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the armature of the speaker shown in FIG. 6;
  • 10a is a schematic plan view of an armature having a first armature portion and a second armature portion having the same width;
  • Figure 10b is a schematic plan view of the armature shown in Figure 9;
  • Fig. 11a is a schematic perspective view of a partial structure of the armature shown in Fig. 9;
  • 11b is a perspective view of inserting the drive rod into the first connection hole of the armature
  • Figure 11c is a schematic view of the drive rod and the first connection hole of the armature assembled together;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of a diaphragm structure
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure of the loudspeaker when the diaphragm structure vibrates
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of an armature provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words.
  • the expression “A and/or B” may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.
  • expressions including ordinal numbers such as "first” and “second” may modify various elements.
  • such elements are not limited by the above expression.
  • the above expressions do not limit the order and/or importance of the elements.
  • the above expressions are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment indicate different user equipments, although the first user equipment and the second user equipment are both user equipments.
  • a first element could be termed a second element
  • a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present application.
  • a speaker driven by a Balanced Armature (BA) unit also known as a moving iron speaker, includes a magnetic circuit system, a drive rod and a diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit system has a movable armature, and the movable armature is connected with the diaphragm through a driving rod.
  • the electromagnetic coil of the magnetic circuit system inputs an audio signal
  • the electromagnetic coil generates an electromagnetic force
  • the electromagnetic force generates an alternating current according to the polarity of the input audio signal.
  • the alternating current drives the armature based on the frequency, which transmits the audio signal to the diaphragm, producing the sound.
  • Moving iron speakers have the characteristics of low impedance and high sensitivity, and are widely used in hearing aids, earphones, headsets, etc. However, in some application scenarios, such as TWS earphones with active noise reduction, the moving iron speakers are required to have excellent low frequency performance, but the existing moving iron speakers are difficult to meet the requirements.
  • the present application provides a speaker 100 capable of improving low-frequency performance, which is applied in an electronic device 300 .
  • the electronic device 300 is a TWS earphone.
  • TWS headsets can be used in conjunction with other electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, watches, etc., to process audio services such as media, calls and other services of other terminal devices.
  • the audio service may include media services such as playing music, recording, and video files for the user, background music in games, and incoming call prompt sounds, and the like.
  • the electronic device 300 may further include at least one processor 301, at least one memory 302, a wireless communication module 303, an audio module 304, an input/output interface 305, a power supply module 306, and the like.
  • Processor 301 may include one or more interfaces for interfacing with other components of electronic device 300 .
  • the memory 302 may be used to store program codes, such as program codes for charging the electronic device 300, for wirelessly pairing and connecting the electronic device 300 with other terminal devices, or for wireless communication between the electronic device 300 and other terminal devices.
  • the processor 301 may be configured to execute the above-mentioned application code, and call relevant modules to implement the functions of the electronic device 300 in the embodiments of the present application. For example, a charging function, a wireless communication function, an audio data playback function, and the like of the electronic device 300 are implemented.
  • the processor 301 may include one or more processing units, and different processing units may be independent devices, or may be integrated into one or more processors 301 .
  • the processor 301 may specifically be an integrated control chip, or may be composed of a circuit including various active and/or passive components, and the circuit is configured to perform the functions belonging to the processor 301 described in the embodiments of this application.
  • the wireless communication module 303 can be used to support the communication between the electronic device 300 and other electronic devices or earphone boxes, including Bluetooth (bluetooth, BT), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), wireless local area networks (wireless local area networks, WLAN) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) network), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared technology (infrared, IR) and other wireless communication data exchange.
  • Bluetooth blue, BT
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • FM frequency modulation
  • NFC near field communication
  • infrared technology infrared, IR
  • the wireless communication module 303 may be a Bluetooth chip.
  • the electronic device 300 may pair and establish a wireless connection between the Bluetooth chip and the Bluetooth chips of other electronic devices, so as to realize wireless communication between the electronic device 300 and other terminal devices through the wireless connection.
  • the wireless communication module 303 may further include an antenna, and the wireless communication module 303 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna, frequency modulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the processor 301 .
  • the wireless communication module 303 can also receive the signal to be sent from the processor 301, perform frequency modulation on it, amplify it, and convert it into electromagnetic waves for radiation through the antenna.
  • the audio module 304 can be used to manage audio, and enable the electronic device 300 to input and output audio signals.
  • the audio module 304 can acquire audio signals from the wireless communication module 303, or transmit the audio signals to the wireless communication module 303, so as to make calls, play music, enable/disable the voice assistant of the electronic device connected with the wireless headset, Receive/send the user's voice data and other functions.
  • the audio module 304 includes a speaker 100, a microphone 3043 (or a microphone, a microphone), a microphone sound-receiving circuit matched with the microphone 3043, and the like.
  • the processor 301 is configured to control the speaker 100 to convert the audio signal into a sound signal and play it according to the audio signal.
  • the microphone 3043 can be used to convert the sound signal into an audio signal.
  • the power supply module 306 can supply power to each module of the electronic device 300; support the electronic device 300 to receive charging input and the like.
  • the power module 306 may include a power management unit (PMU) and a battery.
  • the power management unit may include a charging circuit, a voltage drop regulating circuit, a protection circuit, a power measuring circuit, and the like.
  • the charging circuit can receive external charging input.
  • the voltage drop adjustment circuit can transform the electrical signal input by the charging circuit and output it to the battery to complete charging the battery, and can also transform the electrical signal input from the battery and output it to other modules such as the audio module 304 and the wireless communication module 303 . Protection circuits can be used to prevent battery overcharge, overdischarge, short circuit or overcurrent.
  • the power module 306 may also include a wireless charging coil for wirelessly charging the electronic device 300 .
  • the power management unit can also be used to monitor battery capacity, battery cycle times, battery health status (leakage, impedance) and other parameters.
  • a plurality of input/output interfaces 305 can be used to provide a wired connection between the electronic device 300 and the earphone box for charging or communication.
  • the input/output interface 305 may include a headphone electrical connector for conducting and transmitting electrical current.
  • the electronic device 300 can establish an electrical connection with the electrical connector in the earphone box through the earphone electrical connector (eg, the earphone electrical connector is in direct contact with the electrical connector in the earphone box). After the electrical connection is established, the earphone box can charge the battery in the electronic device 300 through the electrical current transfer function of the earphone electrical connector and the electrical connector in the earphone box.
  • the headphone electrical connector may be a pogo pin, a pogo pin, a shrapnel, a conductive block, a conductive patch, a conductive sheet, a pin, a plug, a contact pad, a jack or a socket, etc.
  • the specific type is not limited.
  • the electronic device 300 may also perform data communication with the earphone box, for example, may receive a pairing instruction from the earphone box.
  • the electronic device 300 further includes an active noise reduction module 307 for inputting a noise reduction signal to the speaker 100 to reduce noise interference.
  • the active noise reduction module 307 can generate a noise reduction signal according to the noise collected by the microphone 3043 .
  • the noise reduction signal generated by the active noise reduction module 307 is input to the speaker 100 together with the audio signal.
  • the noise reduction signal will eliminate noise through destructive interference, but will not affect the sound waves required in the audio signal, thereby improving the sound of the electronic device 300 quality, and improve the user experience.
  • the active noise reduction module 307 is an active noise reduction chip, and the active noise reduction chip is provided with an active noise reduction circuit.
  • the electronic device 300 may also include a sensor 308 .
  • sensor 308 may be a distance sensor or a proximity light sensor that may be used to determine whether electronic device 300 is being worn by a user.
  • the electronic device 300 may use a distance sensor to detect whether there is an object near the electronic device 300, so as to determine whether the electronic device 300 is worn by the user.
  • the electronic device 300 may turn on the speaker 100 .
  • the electronic device 300 may further include a bone conduction sensor combined with a bone conduction earphone. Using the bone conduction sensor, the electronic device 300 can acquire the vibration signal of the vibrating bone mass of the voice part, analyze the voice signal, and realize the voice function.
  • the outer surface of the electronic device 300 may further include: a touch sensor for detecting the user's touch operation; a fingerprint sensor for detecting the user's fingerprint and identifying the user's identity; , adaptively adjust some parameters (such as volume); and some other sensors.
  • the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present application do not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 300 . It may have more or fewer components than shown in Figure 1, may combine two or more components, or may have a different configuration of components.
  • the outer surface of the electronic device 300 may further include buttons, indicator lights (which can indicate the status of power, incoming/outgoing calls, pairing mode, etc.), a display screen (which can prompt the user for relevant information), and a dust filter (which can be used in conjunction with the earpiece). ) and other components.
  • the key may be a physical key or a touch key (used in conjunction with a touch sensor), etc., and is used to trigger operations such as power-on, power-off, pause, play, recording, start charging, and stop charging.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that the various components of electronic device 300 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software, including one or more signal processing or application specific integrated circuits.
  • the electronic device 300 further includes a main casing 309, and the main casing 309 includes a first installation portion 3091 and a second installation portion 3093 that are fixedly connected.
  • the first installation part 3091 has a first cavity 3095 , and the speaker 100 is fixedly accommodated in the first cavity 3095 .
  • the electronic device 300 is an in-ear earphone.
  • the human ear space is small, for example, the diameter of the adult ear canal does not exceed 7mm. Therefore, the first installation part 3091 needs to be as small as possible to facilitate the insertion of the electronic device 300 into the user's ear canal and improve the comfort of the user wearing the electronic device 300.
  • the maximum inner diameter of a cavity 3095 is not greater than 3 mm, so as to reduce the outer diameter of the first installation portion 3091 as much as possible, so as to facilitate the insertion of the first installation portion 3091 into the user's ear canal.
  • the second installation part 3093 has a second cavity 3097, and components such as the processor 301, the memory 302, the wireless communication module 303, the audio module 304, and the power module 306 are fixedly accommodated in the second cavity 3097.
  • FIG. 2a is only exemplary. A wireless communication module, processor and power management module are shown.
  • the electronic device 300 is worn on the user's ear 20a, wherein the speaker 100 is located in the ear canal 20b.
  • the electronic device 300 has the advantages of extremely small size and extremely high low frequency performance, which enables the TWS earphone to have product advantages such as miniaturization, comfortable wearing, good sound quality, long battery life, and good ANC effect.
  • the electronic device 300 is not limited to a wireless earphone, but can also be other terminals with speakers, such as hearing aids, smart phones, smart watches, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), notebook computers, etc.
  • the structure of the main casing 309 is not limited.
  • the terminal device 400 that establishes a service connection with the electronic device 300 is a terminal such as a smartphone.
  • the terminal device 400 select the “Bluetooth” setting interface.
  • the terminal device 400 receives an instruction corresponding to the user operating the Bluetooth turn-on option, the terminal device 400 turns on the Bluetooth function, which can discover nearby pairable devices. Bluetooth devices, and display the scanned Bluetooth devices in the "Available Devices" list.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a situation where the terminal device 400 scans the available electronic device 300 .
  • the terminal device 400 When the terminal device 400 detects that the user clicks "electronic device 300" in the “available devices” list, the terminal device 400 is paired with the electronic device 300, and if the pairing is successful, the "electronic device 300" is displayed in the "paired devices” , see Figure 4.
  • the terminal device 400 detects that the user clicks the electronic device 300 in the "paired devices” list, the terminal device 400 will establish a service connection with the electronic device 300 . If the service connection is established successfully, audio data can be transmitted between the terminal device 400 and the electronic device 300 .
  • the terminal device 400 if it has established a business connection with the electronic device 300 before, it will be displayed in the "paired device" list.
  • the speaker 100 includes a speaker housing 10 , a magnetic circuit system 30 , a diaphragm structure 50 and a driving rod 60 .
  • the diaphragm structure 50 is fixedly accommodated in the speaker housing 10 and divides the inner cavity of the speaker housing 10 into a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 103 for vibrating to generate sound.
  • a sound outlet hole 1011 is formed through the side wall of the first cavity 101 for outputting sound.
  • the magnetic circuit system 30 is accommodated in the second cavity 103 for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the diaphragm structure 50 and the magnetic circuit system 30 are stacked along the Z direction, and the driving rod 60 is connected between the diaphragm structure 50 and the magnetic circuit system 30 . Driven by the magnetic circuit system 30, the driving rod 60 drives the diaphragm structure 50 to vibrate to generate sound. The sound is output from the sound outlet 1011 .
  • the X direction is the first direction
  • the Y direction is the second direction
  • the Z direction is the third direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other , the first direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the speaker housing 10 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the speaker housing 10 has a chamfered corner 105, so that the orthographic projection of the speaker housing 10 on the projection plane perpendicular to the Z direction is a polygon. Since the speaker housing 10 is provided with a chamfer 105, the length of the speaker housing 10 in the diagonal direction is reduced, thereby reducing the occupied space of the speaker housing 10, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the speaker housing 10 and the convenience of the speaker 100.
  • the orthographic projection of the speaker housing 10 on the projection plane in the vertical Z direction may be a five to ten-sided polygon. A definition, such as a circle, an ellipse, or an irregular polygon.
  • the length of the speaker housing 10 along the Y direction is called the short axis of the speaker housing 10
  • the length of the speaker housing 10 along the X direction is called the long axis
  • the speaker housing 10 is called the long axis.
  • the ratio of the short axis of the body 10 to the long axis of the speaker housing 10 is 1:Q.
  • the ratio of the length along the Y direction to the length along the X direction is 1:Q, where Q is greater than or equal to 2.
  • Q is 2.5.
  • the speaker housing 10 includes a first housing 11 and a second housing 13 that are fixedly connected together, so as to facilitate the assembly of the diaphragm structure 50 , the magnetic circuit system 30 and the driving rod 60 in the speaker housing 10 .
  • the diaphragm structure 50 is fixed on the inner wall of the first casing 11 , and the sound outlet hole 1011 penetrates through the inner wall and the outer wall of the first casing 11 .
  • the magnetic circuit system 30 extends from the inner cavity of the second casing 13 to the inner cavity of the first casing 11 . It can be understood that the speaker housing 10 is not limited to include the first housing 11 and the second housing 13 , and the speaker housing 10 may also be integrally provided or composed of multiple sub-shells.
  • the magnetic circuit system 30 includes a permanent magnet component 31 , an electromagnetic coil 33 and an armature 35 .
  • the permanent magnet components 31 and the electromagnetic coils 33 are both fixed on the inner wall of the second housing 13 , and the permanent magnet components 31 and the electromagnetic coils 33 are arranged along the X direction.
  • the permanent magnet member 31 is used to generate a fixed magnetic field.
  • the fixed magnetic field is a magnetic field whose intensity and direction remain unchanged.
  • the electromagnetic coil 33 is used to generate an alternating magnetic field after an audio signal is input.
  • the audio signal is an alternating current signal, and the alternating magnetic field is a magnetic field whose direction changes alternately according to the polarity of the input audio signal.
  • the audio signal is a sinusoidal alternating current signal, which is not limited here.
  • the armature 35 passes through the electromagnetic coil 33 and the permanent magnet member 31 , and the driving rod 60 is fixedly connected between the diaphragm structure 50 and the armature 35 .
  • the armature 35 can be magnetized by the alternating magnetic field, and moves due to the interaction with the fixed magnetic field, thereby driving the diaphragm structure 50 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the permanent magnet component 31 includes a magnetic core 311 , a first magnetic member 313 and a second magnetic member 315 .
  • the magnetic core 311 is fixed on the inner wall of the second casing 13 for generating a magnetic flux path.
  • the first magnetic element 313 and the second magnetic element 315 are fixedly accommodated in the magnetic core 311 to generate a fixed magnetic field.
  • the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 are spaced apart along the Z direction.
  • the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 are both substantially plate bodies, and the lengths of the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 are substantially the same as the length of the magnetic core 311 ;
  • the material of the magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 is AlNiCo (AlNiCo). It can be understood that the number of magnetic parts in the permanent magnet part 31 is not limited, for example, the number of the first magnetic parts 313 can be two; The lengths may be different; the material for the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 is not limited, for example, it may be rubidium iron boron (NdFeB), strontium magnet or barium ferrite magnet and so on.
  • the armature 35 is adapted to the speaker housing 10 .
  • the maximum length of the armature 35 along the Y direction is called the short axis of the armature
  • the maximum length of the armature 35 along the X direction is called the long axis of the armature
  • the ratio of the short axis of the armature 35 to the long axis of the armature 35 is 1:J, where J is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the value of Q is 2.5
  • the value of J is 2.5, that is, the ratio of the short axis of the armature 35 to the long axis of the armature 35 is 1:2.5.
  • the resonance frequency of the diaphragm structure 50 depends on the resonance frequency f of the armature 35 , and the lower the resonance frequency of the armature 35 is, the lower the resonance frequency of the diaphragm structure 50 is.
  • the resonant frequency f can be obtained by formula (1):
  • K is the stiffness of the armature
  • M is the mass of the armature.
  • the stiffness K can be obtained by formula (2):
  • E Young's modulus
  • b is the width of the armature
  • h is the thickness of the armature
  • L is the length of the armature.
  • the width of the armature corresponds to the short axis of the armature
  • the length of the armature corresponds to the length of the armature. Therefore, in the case of the same material and the same thickness, the smaller the ratio of the short axis of the armature 35 to the long axis of the armature 35 is, the smaller the stiffness K of the armature 35 is.
  • the mass of the armature 35 of the present application is greater. In this way, the speaker 100 can obtain a lower resonance frequency, thereby improving the low frequency performance of the speaker 100 .
  • the armature mass M of the armature 35 with the ratio of the short axis to the long axis of 1:2.5 is larger than the traditional armature mass M of 1:1.67, and the stiffness K is smaller, so the resonance frequency f is lower .
  • the ratio of the length of the speaker housing 10 along the Y direction to the length along the X direction is 1:Q, and the Q is greater than 2, and the ratio of the short axis of the armature 35 to the long axis of the armature 35 is 1 : J, the J is greater than 2, and the armature 35 can be fixedly accommodated in the speaker housing 10 .
  • the armature 35 is made of soft magnetic material. Please refer to FIG. 9 .
  • the armature 35 includes a fixing portion 350 , a first armature portion 351 and a second armature portion 352 .
  • the fixing portion 350 is located outside the electromagnetic coil 33 and the magnetic core 311 .
  • the fixing portion 350 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the magnetic core 311 for fixing the armature 35 on the magnetic core 311 .
  • One end of the first armature part 351 is fixedly connected to the fixing part 350 , and the other end of the first armature part 351 is fixedly connected to the second armature part 352 . It can be understood that in other embodiments, the first armature part 351 and the second armature part 352 can also be movably connected.
  • the extending direction of the first armature portion 351 toward the second armature portion 352 is the X direction.
  • the first armature portion 351 is accommodated in the electromagnetic coil 33 and located outside the magnetic core 311 .
  • the second armature part 352 is located between the first magnetic part 313 and the second magnetic part 315 , and the first magnetic part 313 , the second armature part 352 and the second magnetic part 314 are arranged in sequence along the Z direction.
  • One end of the second armature portion 352 away from the first armature portion 351 is exposed to the magnetic core 311 and is fixedly connected to the diaphragm structure 50 through the driving rod 60 .
  • the electromagnetic coil 33 When the electromagnetic coil 33 inputs an audio signal, the electromagnetic coil 33 generates an electromagnetic force, and the electromagnetic force generates an alternating current according to the polarity of the input audio signal, thereby generating an alternating magnetic field.
  • Both the first armature part 351 and the second armature part 352 are magnetized by the alternating magnetic field and the fixed magnetic field, and the magnetization direction changes with the change of the magnetic field direction of the alternating magnetic field.
  • the second armature portion 352 After the second armature portion 352 is magnetized, it will deflect under the action of the fixed magnetic field formed between the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 , and reciprocate in the Z direction according to the alternation of the magnetization direction. , thereby driving the driving rod 60 and the diaphragm structure 50 to move.
  • the driving force F is the magnetic attraction force of the permanent magnet components received by the armature.
  • the low frequency output sound pressure level of the loudspeaker is proportional to the driving force F, therefore, an increase in the driving force F can increase the low frequency output sound pressure level (SPL) of the loudspeaker.
  • the driving force F can be obtained according to formula (3):
  • Bl is the magneto-electric conversion factor
  • I is the current input in the electromagnetic coil.
  • the magneto-electric conversion factor B1 is related to the magnetic flux of the fixed magnetic field received by the armature.
  • the magneto-electric conversion factor B1 can be effectively improved.
  • Increasing the magnetic effective area of the armature in the fixed magnetic field can increase the magnetic flux received by the armature, thereby increasing the magneto-electrical conversion factor Bl, and finally increasing the driving force F to increase the low-frequency output sound pressure level of the speaker.
  • the driving force F that the armature can receive is proportional to the magnetic effective area of the armature placed in the magnetic field.
  • the width of the first armature portion 351 is smaller than the width of the second armature portion 352 .
  • the width of the first armature portion 351 is smaller than that of the first armature portion 351
  • Two armature parts 352 increase the magnetic effective area of the second armature part 352 of the armature 35 and the magnetic parts (the first magnetic part 313 and the second magnetic part 315 ), that is, in FIG.
  • the area of the second armature part 352 marked by B is larger than the area of the second armature part 352a marked by A in FIG. 10a, so that the armature 35 can generate more power to the permanent magnet member 31, that is, the driving force is improved. force F, thereby increasing the output sound pressure level of the speaker in the low frequency range.
  • the mass M of the armature 35 is also increased, which is beneficial to move the resonance frequency f of the armature 35 to a low frequency band.
  • the area of the second armature portion 352 in this embodiment is approximately 1.92 mm 2 , and the ANC performance can be achieved 120dB@20Hz.
  • the width of the connection between the second armature portion 352 and the first armature portion 351 increases from the first armature portion 351 toward the second armature portion 352 , which is beneficial to improve the structural stability of the armature 35 . sex.
  • the connection between the second armature part 352 and the first armature part 351 refers to the connection part or the connection area between the second armature part 352 and the first armature part 351 .
  • the width of the connection between the second armature portion 352 and the first armature portion 351 is not limited, and the width increases from the first armature portion 351 to the second armature portion 352 .
  • the two armature parts 352 may also be arranged in steps.
  • the armature is made of soft magnetic material, which is appropriately heat-treated to form optimal magnetic domains.
  • the magnetic domain polarity of the armature it is assumed that there are multiple magnetic needles inside the soft magnetic material of the prefabricated armature.
  • the control of heating temperature and time will also affect the magnetic properties of the armature. If the heating temperature and time are controlled accurately, the magnetic needles in the armature may all point in the same direction. However, in general, even in the optimal magnetic domain state of the armature, the south (or north) orientation of the plurality of magnetic needles is disordered.
  • the south poles (or north poles) of the plurality of magnetic needles face approximately the same direction, that is, the armature is oriented in the same direction. magnetization. After the armature is magnetized, it becomes magnetic. However, the magnetic induction intensity inside the armature has a saturation value. After reaching the saturation value, even if the external magnetic field increases again, the magnetism of the armature will not continue to increase. The saturation value affects the maximum value of the driving force F that the armature can receive in the fixed magnetic field.
  • the maximum value of the driving force F that the armature can receive in the fixed magnetic field is higher.
  • the driving force F which is determined by the magnetic domain polarity, depends on the surface area and volume of the armature. Therefore, enlarging the magnetic effective area of the armature can achieve the effect of increasing the saturation point of the magnetic induction intensity.
  • the resonant frequency of the armature (refer to formulas (1)-(2)) is related to the length, width and height of the armature.
  • M both have a positive effect on reducing the resonant frequency f of the armature 35 .
  • the structure design of the armature is the result of comprehensive consideration of at least the following three factors.
  • the magnetic core needs to retain a certain thickness to avoid magnetic saturation due to the thin core. This affects the sound pressure output of the speaker. Therefore, considering the influence on the design of the magnetic circuit, the size of the armature part (referred to as the front end of the armature) through which the permanent magnet components are passed cannot be infinitely widened.
  • the low-frequency sound pressure level output of the speaker is proportional to the magnetomotive force of the electromagnetic coil.
  • the magnetomotive force of the electrified electromagnetic coil Mf N ⁇ I, where N is the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil, and I is the current passed into the electromagnetic coil. The more turns N, the greater the magnetomotive force that the electromagnetic coil can generate. To maximize the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil, the inner diameter space of the electromagnetic coil must be reduced, so that the width of the rear end of the armature is limited.
  • the armature part through which the electromagnetic coil (referred to as the front end of the armature) is not as wide as the rear end where the armature penetrates the permanent magnet part, so that the maximum size in the ultra-small speaker housing volume is Maximize the sound pressure output of the speakers.
  • the material is generally selected according to the magnetic permeability, and the density ⁇ is determined after the material is selected. In this way, to increase the armature mass M, only the volume V can be increased. Due to the limitation of the size of the speaker housing, the volume V of the armature cannot be increased indefinitely. This needs to comprehensively consider the impact of increasing the volume V of the armature.
  • the thickness h of the armature will increase the mass M of the armature, but another on the one hand, the increase of the armature thickness h will also lead to the increase of the armature stiffness K, which will lead to the increase of the resonant frequency f, which will ultimately affect the low frequency performance of the speaker system.
  • the design of the magnetic core, the first magnetic part, the second magnetic part, the electromagnetic coil, the front end of the armature and the rear end of the armature is a design result of comprehensive consideration.
  • the fixing portion 350 includes a reinforcing arm 353 , a first side bridge 354 and a second side bridge 355 .
  • the reinforcing arm 353 is fixed to the end of the first armature part 351 away from the second armature part 352 and is located between the diaphragm structure 50 and the electromagnetic coil 33 for strengthening the strength of the armature 35 .
  • One end of the first armature part 351 away from the second armature part 352 , the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are fixedly connected to the reinforcing arm 353 , and the first armature part 351 is located between the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 353 .
  • first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are disposed opposite to each other.
  • the first side bridge 354 is spaced from the first armature portion 351 to form a slot
  • the second side bridge 355 is spaced from the first armature portion 351 to form a slot.
  • the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are both located outside the magnetic core 311 and are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the magnetic core 311 , so that the armature 35 is fixed on the magnetic core 311 .
  • the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 of the armature 35 are fixed on the reinforcing arm 353 on the outer wall of the magnetic core 311 by colloid.
  • the fixing method between the side bridges (the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355) and the magnetic core 311 is not limited, for example, it may be clip connection or the like.
  • the electromagnetic coil 33 is surrounded by the reinforcement arm 353 , the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 , which improves the support strength of the armature 33 , which is beneficial to improve the assembly stability of the electromagnetic coil 33 of the armature 35 and the permanent magnet component 31 . sex.
  • the reinforcing arm 353 , the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 35 can be omitted, and the end of the first armature part 351 of the armature 35 away from the second armature part 352 and the inner wall or The electromagnetic coils 33 are fixed together.
  • the reinforcing arm 353 includes a first reinforcing portion 3531 and a second reinforcing portion 3533 that are fixedly connected, and the first side bridge 354 is fixedly connected to the first reinforcing portion 3531 and the second side bridge 355 is fixedly connected to the first reinforcing portion 3531 .
  • the first reinforcement part 3531 is arranged opposite to the first armature part 351, that is, the first reinforcement part 3531, the second reinforcement part 3533, the first armature part 351 and the second armature part 353 are connected in a U-shaped structure, increasing the electric power.
  • the area of the armature 35 surrounding the electromagnetic coil 33 further improves the assembly stability of the armature 35 and the electromagnetic coil 33 .
  • the second reinforcing portion 3533 has a curved structure to reduce the stress during manufacture.
  • Both the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 include a bridge body 3541 and a connecting portion 3543 that are fixedly connected.
  • the edge of one end of the second reinforcing portion 3533 is bent and extended toward the same side away from the diaphragm structure 50 , the bridge body 3541 is fixedly connected with the magnetic core 311 , the bridge body 3541 of the first side bridge 354 and the bridge body of the second side bridge 355
  • the 3541 and the first armature portion 351 extend along the X direction, so that the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are curved structures, which enhances the structural stability of the armature 35 .
  • the second armature portion 352 is located between the first magnetic member 313 and the second magnetic member 315 , and the armature 35 is fixed to the magnetic core 311 through the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 .
  • the vibration displacement of each region is different, and the end of the second armature part 352 away from the first armature part 351 is the maximum displacement region of the vibration of the armature 35 .
  • the end of the second armature portion 352 facing away from the first armature portion 351 further defines a first connecting hole 3521 for positioning and fixing the driving rod 60 .
  • the end of the driving rod 60 away from the diaphragm structure 50 is fixed in the first connecting hole 3521 by colloid, which is beneficial to improve the stability and efficiency of the assembly of the armature 35 and the driving rod 60 .
  • FIG. 11b when the driving rod 60 needs to be assembled to the second armature part 352, please refer to FIG. 11b. After one end of the driving rod 60 passes through the first connecting hole 3521, spray dispensing is used, and then ultraviolet light is irradiated.
  • FIGS. 11a-11c are only exemplary, and the fixed connection method of the armature 35 and the driving rod 60 is not limited, and the armature 35 and the driving rod 60 can also be connected in other ways, such as snap connection, screw connection Pick up and wait.
  • the diaphragm structure 50 includes a fixing ring 51 , a vibrating membrane 53 and a sheet body 55 .
  • the fixing ring 51 is fixed on the inner wall of the first casing 11 of the speaker casing 10 , and is The vibration film 53 is fixed on the first casing 11 .
  • the vibrating membrane 53 is fixedly connected to the fixing ring 51 for vibrating to generate sound pressure.
  • the sheet body 55 is fixedly covered on the side of the vibrating membrane 53 away from the armature 35 (including the first armature part 351 and the second armature part 352 ), so as to enhance the rigidity of the vibrating membrane structure 50 .
  • the sheet body 55 is made of a metal material, such as an aluminum sheet. It can be understood that the sheet body 55 can be made of other materials, for example, non-metallic materials, which can enhance the rigidity and strength of the diaphragm structure 50 .
  • the sheet body 55 has a maximum displacement area, and the maximum displacement area of the sheet body 55 is the area where the vibration displacement when the sheet body 55 vibrates is located within the maximum displacement range, and the maximum value in the maximum displacement range is the maximum vibration when the sheet body 55 vibrates. displacement.
  • the maximum displacement area of the sheet body 55 is provided with a concave hole 5513 (as shown in FIG. 13 ).
  • the concave hole 5513 is recessed from the edge of the sheet body 55 toward the interior of the sheet body 55, so that the sheet body 55 forms a frog web structure in the maximum displacement area. It is beneficial for the sheet body 55 to overcome the resistance in the air and generate air sound pressure, thereby improving the propulsive force of the movement of the diaphragm structure 50 and helping to achieve higher sound pressure.
  • the region where the sheet body 55 is connected to the driving rod 60 is the maximum displacement region of the vibration of the sheet body 55 .
  • the edge of the concave hole 5513 is an arc-shaped edge, that is, the concave hole 5513 is an arc-shaped hole, so that the edge contour of the frog web structure is smooth, which is further conducive to overcoming the resistance in the air and helps the speaker to achieve higher performance. Sound pressure.
  • the sheet body 55 includes a first end portion 551 and a second end portion 553 disposed opposite to each other. Compared with the second end portion 553 , the first end portion 551 is disposed closer to the sound outlet 1011 .
  • the vibrating membrane 53 is provided with a second connection hole 531 (as shown in FIG. 7 ), the first end 551 is provided with a third connection hole 5511 (as shown in FIG. 7 ), and the third connection hole 5511 corresponds to the second connection hole 531 settings.
  • One end of the driving rod 60 away from the armature 35 is fixed in the second connection hole 531 and the third connection hole 5511 .
  • the first end 551 where the third connection hole 5511 is located can be regarded as the maximum displacement area of the sheet body 55 .
  • the concave holes 5513 are recessed from the edge of the first end portion 551 toward the inside of the sheet body 55 ; the number of the concave holes 5513 is two. It can be understood that the number of the concave holes 5513 is not limited, and the number of the concave holes 5513 may be one, three or more.
  • the sheet body 55 vibrates under the driving of the driving rod 60 , please refer to FIG. 14 , the first end 551 of the sheet body 55 is the maximum displacement area of the sheet body 55 . Having the concave holes 5513 to form a frog web structure is beneficial for the first end 551 to overcome the resistance in the air and generate air sound pressure, thereby improving the propulsive force of the diaphragm structure 50 to move and helping to achieve higher sound pressure.
  • the speaker 100 further includes a mesh air damper 80 .
  • the mesh air damper 80 is sandwiched between the second reinforcement portion 3533 of the armature 35 and the inner wall of the second housing 13 to dampen the armature 35 and the diaphragm structure 50 and reduce the noise of the speaker 100 .
  • the sound quality of the speaker 100 is improved.
  • a through hole 131 is formed on one end of the second housing 13 away from the second armature portion 352 , and the speaker 100 further includes a terminal 80 disposed outside the speaker housing 10 .
  • the terminals 80 are electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 33 through wires (not shown) passing through the through holes 131 to transmit audio signals to the electromagnetic coil 33 .
  • the electromagnetic coil 33 When an audio signal is input to the terminal 80, the electromagnetic coil 33 generates an electromagnetic force, and the electromagnetic force generates an alternating current according to the polarity of the input audio signal, thereby generating an alternating magnetic field.
  • the alternating current drives the armature 35 based on the frequency, thereby driving the diaphragm structure 50 to vibrate and generate sound. This results in a difference between the sound pressure energy generated during the effective conversion of the signal and the driving force transmitted to the diaphragm. This sound pressure energy is transmitted outward through the sound outlet 1011 to generate sound.
  • the structure of the armature 35 is not limited.
  • the armature 35 may also be roughly E-shaped, and the armature 35 includes a first armature portion 351 , a second armature portion 352 , and a reinforcing arm.
  • the first armature part 351 is fixedly connected with the second armature part 352, the first armature part 351 is passed through the electromagnetic coil, and the second armature part 352 is passed through Disposed between the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member of the permanent magnet component, the end of the first armature portion 351 facing away from the second armature portion 352 , the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are all connected to the reinforcing arm 353 Fixedly connected and spaced apart, the first armature portion 351 is located between the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 , and the reinforcing arm 353 , the first side bridge 354 and the second side bridge 355 are all located outside the electromagnetic coil.
  • the electronic device 300 includes a main casing 309 , a processor 301 and a speaker 100 .
  • the speaker 100 and the processor 301 are fixedly accommodated in the main casing 309.
  • the processor 301 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil of the speaker 100, and the processor 301 is used to control the speaker 100 to convert audio signals into sounds.
  • the electronic device 300 further includes a power module 306 and a wireless communication module 303 .
  • the wireless communication module 303 and the power module 306 are fixedly accommodated in the main casing 309 , and the power module 306 is used to provide power to the speaker 100 , the processor 301 and the wireless communication module 303 .
  • the wireless communication module 303 is used to establish a wireless connection with other terminal devices to obtain audio signals.
  • the processor 301 controls the armature movement of the speaker 100 according to the audio signals, so that the diaphragm structure of the speaker 100 vibrates and emits sound.
  • the terminal device 400 further includes a microphone 3043 and an active noise reduction module 307. Both the microphone 3043 and the active noise reduction module 306 are fixedly accommodated in the main casing 309.
  • the microphone 3043 is used to collect noise
  • the active noise reduction module 307 is used to generate noise reduction according to the noise.
  • the noise signal is sent to the electromagnetic coil of the speaker 100 .
  • the noise reduction signal generated by the active noise reduction module 307 is input to the speaker 100 together with the audio signal, the noise reduction signal will eliminate noise through destructive interference, but will not affect the sound waves required in the audio signal, thereby improving the sound of the terminal device 400 quality, and improve the user experience.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种扬声器及电子设备。扬声器包括扬声器壳体、磁路系统、振膜结构及驱动杆，磁路系统、振膜结构及驱动杆均收容于所述扬声器壳体内，磁路系统包括永磁部件、电磁线圈及电枢，永磁部件用于产生固定磁场，电磁线圈用于产生交变磁场，电枢包括固定连接的第一电枢部与第二电枢部，第一电枢部收容于电磁线圈内，第一电枢部收容于电磁线圈内，第二电枢部收容于永磁部件，第一电枢部沿第二方向的宽度小于第二电枢部的宽度，振膜结构固定于扬声器壳体的内壁上并与电磁线圈沿第三方向层叠设置，所述第二方向、所述第三方向与所述第一方向三者中的任意两个相互垂直，如此，获取更低的谐振效率，提高扬声器的低频性能。

Description

扬声器及电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及扬声器技术领域，特别涉及一种扬声器及电子设备。
背景技术
真无线系统(True Wireless System，TWS)耳机是当下最流行的产品之一。TWS耳机内置多种器件，包括关系续航能力的电池、将数字信号转换成模拟信号的数模转换器、蓝牙发射器、天线、优化音频信号的芯片等。将所有这些基本器件集合到耳机壳内，需要有相匹配产生声音的驱动单元，常用的一种驱动单元中为平衡电枢驱动。在一些应用场景中，对扬声器在低频段的性能要求很高，例如，主动降噪(Active Noise Canceling，ANC)的TWS耳机，而现有的电枢驱动单元难以满足需求。
发明内容
本申请实施例所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能够改善低频性能的扬声器及电子设备。
为了实现上述目的，本申请实现方式采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实现方式提供一种扬声器，包括扬声器壳体、磁路系统、振膜结构及驱动杆，所述磁路系统、所述振膜结构及所述驱动杆均收容于所述扬声器壳体内，所述磁路系统包括永磁部件、电磁线圈及电枢，所述永磁部件用于产生固定磁场，所述电磁线圈用于产生交变磁场，其中，所述电枢包括连接的第一电枢部及第二穿插部，所述第一电枢部朝向所述第二电枢部延伸的方向为第一方向，所述第一电枢部收容于所述电磁线圈内，所述第二电枢部收容于所述永磁部件内，所述第一电枢部沿与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向的宽度小于所述第二电枢部沿所述第二方向的宽度，所述振膜结构固定于所述扬声器壳体的内壁上并与所述电磁线圈沿第三方向层叠设置，所述第一方向与所述第三方向相互垂直，所述第二方向与所述第三方向相互垂直，所述驱动杆固定连接于所述振膜结构与所述第二电枢部之间，用于在所述电枢被所述固定磁场及交变磁场磁化时带动所述振膜结构振动发声。
所述固定磁场，为磁场强度和方向保持不变的磁场。所述交变磁场为磁场方向根据输入音频信号的极性交替变化的磁场，可选的，音频信号为正弦交流电信号，在此不作限定。
电磁线圈通电后产生电磁力并生成交变磁场。电枢被所述固定磁场及交变磁场磁化并受到固定磁场的作用，进而带动振膜结构振动产生声压。设固定磁场的作用在电枢上的作用力为驱动力F，即为电枢受到的永磁部件的磁吸引力。驱动力F＝Bl×I，其中，Bl是磁力电转换因子，I是电磁线圈中输入的电流。如此，提升磁力电转换因子Bl能够提升低频输出声压级。
磁力电转换因子Bl与电枢所接收的固定磁场的磁通量相关，当增加固定磁场穿过电枢的磁通量，能够有效提升磁力电转换因子Bl。当增加电枢于固定磁场中的磁有效面积，可以提升电枢接收到的磁通量。换而言之，电枢能受到的驱动力F正比于电枢放置于磁场中 的磁有效面积。
相较于现有的宽度一致的第一电枢部与第二电枢部，本申请中，由于第二电枢部沿第二方向的宽度大于第一电枢部沿第二方向的宽度，增大了电枢于固定磁场中的磁有效面积。而增加电枢于固定磁场中的磁有效面积，能够有效提升电枢接收到的磁通量，从而提升磁力电转换因子Bl，最终提升驱动力F。由于提升驱动力F，实现增加扬声器的低频输出声压级，即提升了扬声器的低频声压级性能。
另外，振膜结构的振动的谐振频率取决于电枢的谐振频率。电枢的谐振频率
Figure PCTCN2021073454-appb-000001
其中，K为电枢的刚度，M为电枢的质量。根据公式
Figure PCTCN2021073454-appb-000002
其中，E为杨氏模量，b为电枢的宽度，h为电枢的厚度，L为电枢的长度，可见，电枢的刚度K与电枢的尺寸相关。本申请中，由于第一电枢部沿第二方向的宽度小于第二电枢部沿第二方向的宽度，降低了电枢的刚度K并提升了电枢的质量M，从而降低了电枢的谐振频率f，拓展了电枢的低频响应，即提升了扬声器的低频性能。
永磁部件、电磁线圈、第一电枢部和第二电枢部的组合结构是考量到多个方面因素的设计结果。由于扬声器壳体体积的限制，且扬声器壳体需给电枢之外的器件预留安装空间，例如，永磁部件中的磁芯需要保留一定的厚度尺寸以避免磁芯因厚度过薄产生磁饱和从而影响扬声器的声压输出，因此，综合考虑对磁路设计的影响，穿设永磁部件的电枢部分(简称电枢前端)的尺寸不能无限展宽。
另外，通电电磁线圈的磁动势Mf＝N×I，其中N为电磁线圈的匝数，I为通入电磁线圈中的电流。匝数N越多，通电电磁线圈产生的磁动势就越大。而扬声器的低频声压级输出和线圈的磁动势成正比，即电磁线圈产生的磁动势就越大，扬声器的低频声压级输出越大。若要获得较大的低频声压级输出，需增大匝数N，如此，则会增大电磁线圈的内径。考虑到电磁线圈内径的尺寸限制，穿设电磁线圈的第一电枢部的宽度小于穿入永磁部件的第二电枢部的宽度，如此，在超小的扬声器壳体体积内最大限度地提升扬声器的声压输出。
还有，电枢质量M也不能无限制地增加，因为电枢质量M＝ρ×V，其中ρ为材料的密度，V为电枢的体积。材料一般要依据导磁性能进行选择，材料选定后密度ρ也就确定。如此，要提升电枢质量M就只能提升体积V。由于受到扬声器壳体尺寸的限制，电枢的体积V不能无限增加，这需综合考虑提升电枢体积V带来的影响，比如增加电枢的厚度即会增加电枢质量M，但是电枢厚度的增加也会导致电枢刚度K的增加，从而导致谐振频率f的增加，最终影响扬声器系统的低频性能变差。
根据第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二电枢部与所述第一电枢部连接处的宽度，由所述第一电枢部向所述第二电枢部的方向递增，有利于提高电枢的结构稳定性及刚度。应当理解，所述第二电枢部与所述第一电枢部连接处是指所述第二电枢部与所述第一电枢部两者的连接部位或连接区域。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述电枢还包括加强臂、第一侧桥及第二侧桥，所述第一电枢部背离所述第二电 枢部的一端、所述第一侧桥及所述第二侧桥均与所述加强臂固定连接且间隔设置，所述第二电枢部位于所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥之间，所述加强臂、所述第一侧桥及所述第二侧桥均位于所述电磁线圈外，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥与所述永磁部件的外壁固定连接，如此，电磁线圈处于加强臂、第一侧桥及第二侧桥的包围之中，有利于提高电枢与电磁线圈的组装稳定性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述加强臂包括固定连接的第一加强部及第二加强部，所述第一侧桥与所第一加强部固定连接，所述第二侧桥与所述第一加强部固定连接，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥相对设置，所述第一加强部位于所述振膜结构与所述电磁线圈之间，所述第二加强部远离所述第一加强部的一端与所述第一电枢部远离所述第二电枢部的一端固定连接，所述第一加强部与所述第一电枢部相对设置，如此，使得第一加强部、第二加强部、第一电枢部与第二电枢部形成U形结构，增大电枢包围电磁线圈的面积，进一步提高电枢与电磁线圈的组装稳定性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥两者均包括固定连接的桥体及连接部，所述连接部由所述第一加强部背离所述第二加强部一端的边缘朝向背离所述振膜结构的一侧弯折延伸形成，所述桥体与所述永磁部件的外壁固定连接，所述桥体与所述第一电枢部沿同一方向延伸，使得第一侧桥与第二侧桥为弯曲结构，加强了电枢的结构稳定性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述永磁部件包括磁芯、第一磁性件及第二磁性件，所述第一磁性件与所述第二磁性件固定收容于所述磁芯内，所述第一磁性件、所述第二电枢部、所述第二磁性件沿所述第三方向设置，如此，加强固定磁场的磁场强度。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第五种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述第二电枢部远离所述第一电枢部的一端设有第一连接孔，所述驱动杆与所述第一连接孔通过胶体固定连接，有利于提高电枢与驱动杆组装的稳定性及效率。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第六种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述振膜结构包括固定环、片体及振动薄膜，所述固定环固定于所述扬声器壳体的内壁上，所述振动薄膜固定于所述固定环上，所述片体固定于所述振动薄膜背离所述电枢(包括第一电枢部及第二电枢部)的一侧，即所述振动薄膜位于所述片体与所述电枢之间，所述驱动杆远离所述第二电枢部的一端与所述片体固定连接，所述电枢能够带动所述片体及所述振动薄膜振动。振动薄膜通过固定环固定于扬声器壳体的内壁上，方便了扬声器的组装。片体设置在振动薄膜上，用于加强振膜结构的刚度及强度。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第七种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述片体具有最大位移区域，所述最大位移区域为所述片体振动时的振动位移位于最大位移范围内的区域，其中，所述最大位移范围内的最大值为所述片体振动时的最大振动位移，所述片体的最大位移区域设有凹孔，所述凹孔由所述片体的边缘朝向所述片体的内部凹陷，使得片体的最大位移区域的边缘呈蛙蹼结构，有利于克服空气中的阻力，产生空气声压，从而改善振膜结构运动的推进力，有助于扬声器实现更高的声压。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第八种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，所述凹孔的边缘为弧形边缘，使得蛙蹼结构的边缘轮廓光滑，进一步有利于克服空气中的阻力，有助于扬声器实现更高的声压。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第九种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第十种可能的实现方式中，所述电枢沿所述第二方向的最大长度与所述电枢沿所述第一方向的最大长度之比为1:J，所述J大于或等于2。
根据前述可知，电枢的刚度K与电枢的尺寸相关。在同样材料、同样宽度和厚度的情况下，电枢的短轴与电枢的长轴的比值越小，则电枢的刚度K更小，从而降低电枢的谐振频率f。本申请中，所述电枢沿所述第二方向的最大长度与所述电枢沿所述第一方向的最大长度之比为1:J，所述J大于或等于2，获取更小的刚度K及更大的质量M，如此，使电枢能够获取到更低的谐振频率，从而改善扬声器的低频声压性能。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第十种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第十一种可能的实现方式中，所述扬声器壳体于垂直所述第三方向的投影面上的正投影的形状为多边形，减小了扬声器壳体的占用空间，有利于扬声器的小型化，例如，方便扬声器插入直径不大于3mm的无线耳机的主壳体内，方便用户佩戴，提高用户的佩戴舒适性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第十一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第十二种可能的实现方式中，所述扬声器壳体沿第二方向的长度与沿第一方向的长度之比为1:Q，所述Q大于或等于2，从而与电枢达到适配，方便组装。
第二方面，一种电子设备，包括主壳体、上述扬声器及处理器，所述扬声器与所述处理器固定收容于所述主壳体内，所述扬声器的电磁线圈与所述处理器电连接，电子设备中采用全频平衡电枢驱动的扬声器，极大地改善了电子设备的音频性能。
根据第二方面，在第二方面的第一种实现方式中，所述电子设备为无线耳机，所述电子设备还包括无线通信模块及电源模块，所述电源模块用于向所述扬声器、所述处理器及所述无线通信模块提供电能，所述无线通信模块用于与其他终端设备建立无线连接获取音频信号，所述处理器用于根据所述音频信号控制驱动所述扬声器的电枢运动，从而使所述振膜结构振动发声。通过无线通信模块与其他终端设备建立无线连接，实现音频播放，方便用户携带及使用。
根据第二方面或第二方面的第一种实现方式中，在第二方面的第二种实现方式中，所述电子设备还包括麦克风及主动降噪模块，所述麦克风及所述主动降噪模块均固定收容于所述主壳体内，所述麦克风用于采集噪声，所述主动降噪模块用于根据所述噪声生成降噪信号，所述降噪信号与所述音频信号被输送至所述扬声器的电磁线圈。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的电子设备的结构框图；
图2a为本申请实施方式提供的电子设备的平面示意图；
图2b为电子设备被佩戴于用户耳朵上时的示意图；
图3为本申请实施方式提供的终端设备，用于与图2a所示的电子设备进行业务连接时 的一界面示意图；
图4为本申请实施方式提供的终端设备，用于与图2a所示的电子设备进行业务连接时的另一界面示意图；
图5为本申请一实施方式提供的扬声器的立体示意图；
图6为图3所示的扬声器沿线IV-IV的立体剖视图；
图7为图3所示的扬声器的立体分解示意图；
图8为图3所示的扬声器的俯视图；
图9为图6所示的扬声器的电枢的立体示意图；
图10a为具宽度一致的第一电枢部与第二电枢部的电枢平面示意图；
图10b为图9所示的电枢的平面示意图；
图11a为图9所示的电枢的部分结构立体示意图；
图11b为将驱动杆插入电枢的第一连接孔的立体示意图；
图11c为驱动杆与电枢的第一连接孔组装于一起的示意图；
图12为图5所示的扬声器的剖面图；
图13为振膜结构的平面示意图；
图14为扬声器的部分结构在振膜结构振动时的示意图；
图15为本申请另一实施方式提供的电枢的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
应当理解的是，可以在本申请中使用的诸如“包括”以及“可以包括”之类的表述表示所公开的功能、操作或构成要素的存在性，并且并不限制一个或多个附加功能、操作和构成要素。在本申请中，诸如“包括”和/或“具有”之类的术语可解释为表示特定特性、数目、操作、构成要素、组件或它们的组合，但是不可解释为将一个或多个其它特性、数目、操作、构成要素、组件或它们的组合的存在性或添加可能性排除在外。
此外，在本申请中，表述“和/或”包括关联列出的词语中的任意和所有组合。例如，表述“A和/或B”可以包括A，可以包括B，或者可以包括A和B这二者。
在本申请中，包含诸如“第一”和“第二”等的序数在内的表述可以修饰各要素。然而，这种要素不被上述表述限制。例如，上述表述并不限制要素的顺序和/或重要性。上述表述仅用于将一个要素与其它要素进行区分。例如，第一用户设备和第二用户设备指示不同的用户设备，尽管第一用户设备和第二用户设备都是用户设备。类似地，在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，第一要素可以被称为第二要素，类似地，第二要素也可以被称为第一要素。
当组件被称作“连接”或“接入”其他组件时，应当理解的是：该组件不仅直接连接到或接入到其他组件，而且在该组件和其它组件之间还可以存在另一组件。另一方面，当组件被称作“直接连接”或“直接接入”其他组件的情况下，应该理解它们之间不存在组件。
平衡电枢(Balanced Armature,BA)单元驱动的扬声器，亦可称为动铁式扬声器，包括 磁路系统、驱动杆及振膜。磁路系统带有活动电枢，活动电枢通过驱动杆与振膜连接。磁路系统的电磁线圈输入音频信号时，电磁线圈产生电磁力，电磁力根据输入音频信号的极性产生交流电流。交流电流基于频率驱动电枢，从而将音频信号传递到振膜，产生声音。动铁式扬声器具低阻抗、灵敏度高的特点，被广泛应用于助听器、耳机、耳麦等。然而，在一些应用场景中，例如，主动降噪的TWS耳机中，要求动铁式扬声器具有优良的低频性能，但现有的动铁式扬声器难以满足要求。
基于此，请参阅图1，本申请提供一种能够改善低频性能的扬声器100，应用于电子设备300中。本实施方式中，电子设备300为TWS耳机。TWS耳机可以用于与手机、笔记本电脑、手表等其他电子设备配合使用，处理其他终端设备的媒体、通话等音频业务，以及其他一些业务。例如，音频业务可以包括为用户播放音乐、录音、视频文件中的声音，游戏中的背景音乐、来电提示音等媒体业务等等。
电子设备300还可以包括至少一个处理器301、至少一个存储器302、无线通信模块303、音频模块304、输入/输出接口305以及电源模块306等。处理器301可以包括一个或多个接口，用于与电子设备300的其他部件相连。
其中，存储器302可以用于存储程序代码，如用于电子设备300进行充电，电子设备300与其他终端设备进行无线配对连接，或电子设备300与其他终端设备进行无线通信的程序代码等。
处理器301可以用于执行上述应用程序代码，调用相关模块以实现本申请实施例中电子设备300的功能。例如，实现电子设备300的充电功能，无线通信功能和音频数据播放功能等。处理器301可以包括一个或多个处理单元，不同的处理单元可以是独立的器件，也可以集成在一个或多个处理器301中。处理器301具体可以是集成的控制芯片，也可以由包括各种有源和/或无源部件的电路组成，且该电路被配置为执行本申请实施例描述的属于处理器301的功能。
无线通信模块303可以用于，支持电子设备300与其他电子设备或耳机盒之间包括蓝牙(bluetooth，BT)，全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system，GNSS)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)(如无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi)网络)，调频(frequency modulation，FM)，近距离无线通信技术(near field communication，NFC)，红外技术(infrared，IR)等无线通信的数据交换。在一些实施例中，无线通信模块303可以为蓝牙芯片。电子设备300可以通过蓝牙芯片与其他电子设备的蓝牙芯片之间进行配对并建立无线连接，以通过该无线连接实现电子设备300和其他终端设备之间的无线通信。
另外，无线通信模块303还可以包括天线，无线通信模块303经由天线接收电磁波，将电磁波信号调频以及滤波处理，将处理后的信号发送到处理器301。无线通信模块303还可以从处理器301接收待发送的信号，对其进行调频，放大，经天线转为电磁波辐射出去。
音频模块304可以用于管理音频，实现电子设备300输入和输出音频信号。例如，音频模块304可以从无线通信模块303获取音频信号，或者向无线通信模块303传递音频信号，实现通过无线耳机接打电话、播放音乐、启动/关闭与无线耳机连接的电子设备的语音助手、接收/发送用户的语音数据等功能。音频模块304包括扬声器100及麦克风3043(或 称话筒，传声器)，与麦克风3043相配合的麦克风收音电路等。处理器301用于根据音频信号控制扬声器100将音频信号转换成声音信号并播放。麦克风3043可以用于将声音信号转换为音频信号。
电源模块306，可为电子设备300各模块供电；支持电子设备300接收充电输入等。电源模块306可以包括电源管理单元(power management unit，PMU)和电池。其中，电源管理单元可以包括充电电路、压降调节电路、保护电路、电量测量电路等。充电电路可以接收外部的充电输入。压降调节电路可以将充电电路输入的电信号变压后输出给电池以完成对电池充电，还可以将电池输入的电信号变压后输出给音频模块304、无线通信模块303等其他模块。保护电路可以用于防止电池过充、过放、短路或过流等。在一些实施例中，电源模块306还可以包括无线充电线圈，用于对电子设备300进行无线充电。另外，电源管理单元还可以用于监测电池容量，电池循环次数，电池健康状态(漏电，阻抗)等参数。
多个输入/输出接口305，可以用于提供电子设备300与耳机盒之间进行充电或通信的有线连接。在一些实施例中，输入/输出接口305可以包括耳机电连接器，该耳机电连接器用于导通和传输电流。当电子设备300放置于耳机盒中时，电子设备300可以通过耳机电连接器与耳机盒中的电连接器建立电连接(例如耳机电连接器与耳机盒中的电连接器直接接触)。在该电连接建立后，耳机盒可以通过耳机电连接器和耳机盒中的电连接器的电流传输功能为电子设备300中的电池充电。例如，该耳机电连接器可以为pogo pin、弹簧针、弹片、导电块、导电贴片、导电片、插针、插头、接触垫、插孔或插座等，本申请实施例对电连接器的具体类型不予限定。
在另一些实施例中，在该电连接建立后，电子设备300还可以与耳机盒进行数据通信，例如可以接收来自耳机盒的配对指令。
电子设备300在进行音频播放时，可能会因噪声的介入，而影响电子设备300的输出音质，影响用户的使用体验。电子设备300还包括主动降噪模块307，用于向扬声器100输入降噪信号，减少噪声的干扰。在一应用场景中，主动降噪模块307能够根据麦克风3043采集的噪声生成降噪信号。由主动降噪模块307产生的降噪信号与音频信号一起被输入扬声器100，降噪信号会通过相消干扰消除噪声，但不会影响音频信号中所需的声波，从而提高电子设备300的声音品质，以及提高用户的使用体验。主动降噪模块307为一主动降噪芯片，主动降噪芯片上设有主动降噪电路。
另外，电子设备300还可以包括传感器308。例如，传感器308可以是距离传感器或接近光传感器，可以用于确定电子设备300是否被用户佩戴。示例性的，电子设备300可以利用距离传感器来检测电子设备300附近是否有物体，从而确定电子设备300是否被用户佩戴。在确定电子设备300被佩戴时，电子设备300可以打开扬声器100。在一些实施例中，该电子设备300还可以包括骨传导传感器，结合成骨传导耳机。利用该骨传导传感器，电子设备300可以获取声部振动骨块的振动信号，解析出语音信号，实现语音功能。
再例如，电子设备300的外表面还可以包括：触摸传感器，用于检测用户的触摸操作；指纹传感器，用于检测用户指纹，识别用户身份等；环境光传感器，可以根据感知的环境光的亮度，自适应调节一些参数(如音量大小)；以及其他一些传感器。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对电子设备300的具体限定。其可 以具有比图1示出的更多的或者更少的部件，可以组合两个或更多的部件，或者可以具有不同的部件配置。例如，在电子设备300的外表面还可以包括按键、指示灯(可以指示电量、呼入/呼出、配对模式等状态)、显示屏(可以提示用户相关信息)、防尘网(可以配合听筒使用)等部件。其中，该按键可以是物理按键或触摸按键(与触摸传感器配合使用)等，用于触发开机、关机、暂停、播放、录音、开始充电、停止充电等操作。
图1示出电子设备300的各种部件可以在包括一个或多个信号处理或专用集成电路在内的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合中实现。
请参阅图2a，电子设备300还包括主壳体309，主壳体309包括固定连接的第一装设部3091及第二装设部3093。第一装设部3091具有第一腔体3095，扬声器100固定收容于第一腔体3095内。本实施方式中，电子设备300为入耳式耳机。人耳空间狭小，例如成人耳道的直径不超过7mm，因此，第一装设部3091需尽可能的小，以方便电子设备300插入用户耳道，提高用户佩戴电子设备300的舒适性，第一腔体3095的最大内径不大于3mm，以尽可能减小第一装设部3091的外径，方便第一装设部3091插入用户耳道。第二装设部3093具有第二腔体3097，处理器301、存储器302、无线通信模块303、音频模块304、电源模块306等器件固定收容于第二腔体3097内，图2a仅示例性地示出了无线通信模块、处理器与电源管理模块。请参阅图2b，示例性地，电子设备300被佩戴于用户耳朵20a，其中，扬声器100位于耳道20b内。电子设备300具极小型和极高低频性能的优点，可使TWS耳机有迷你化、佩戴舒适、音质佳、续航时间长、ANC效果好等产品优点。
可以理解，电子设备300不限定为无线耳机，也可以为其他具扬声器的终端，诸如助听器、智能手机、智能手表、平板电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、笔记本电脑等等，如此，对主壳体309的结构不作限定。
以下对电子设备300与另一电子设备建立业务连接作简单说明。
在一些应用场景中，与电子设备300建立业务连接的终端设备400为智能手机等终端。请参阅图3，在终端设备400的设置界面中选择“蓝牙”设置界面，当终端设备400接收到用户操作蓝牙开启选项对应的指令时，终端设备400打开蓝牙功能，其能够发现附近可配对的蓝牙设备，并将扫描到的蓝牙设备显示在“可用设备”列表中。示例性的，图3示例的是终端设备400扫描到可用设备电子设备300的情况。终端设备400检测到用户点击“可用设备”列表中的“电子设备300”时，终端设备400与电子设备300进行配对，若配对成功，则将“电子设备300”显示在“已配对的设备”中，请参阅图4。终端设备400检测到用户点击“已配对的设备”列表中的电子设备300时，终端设备400即会与电子设备300建立业务连接。若业务连接建立成功，则终端设备400与电子设备300之间可以传输音频数据。
在一些场景中，如果终端设备400之前曾与电子设备300建立过业务连接，则会在“已配对的设备”列表中显示。
请参阅图5、图6及图7，扬声器100包括扬声器壳体10、磁路系统30、振膜结构50及驱动杆60。振膜结构50固定收容于扬声器壳体10内并将扬声器壳体10的内腔分隔为第一腔体101及第二腔体103，用于振动产生声音。第一腔体101的侧壁贯通开设有出音孔1011，用于输出声音。磁路系统30收容于第二腔体103内，用于将电能转换为机械能。 振膜结构50与磁路系统30沿Z方向层叠设置，驱动杆60连接于振膜结构50与磁路系统30之间。驱动杆60在磁路系统30的驱动下，带动振膜结构50振动产生声音。所述声音从出音孔1011输出。
需要说明的是，本申请中X方向为第一方向，Y方向为第二方向，Z方向为第三方向，其中，第一方向与第二方向相互垂直，第二方向与第三方向相互垂直，第一方向与第三方向相互垂直。
扬声器壳体10大致呈长方体状。扬声器壳体10具倒角105，使得扬声器壳体10于垂直Z方向的投影面上的正投影为多边形。由于扬声器壳体10设有倒角105，减少了扬声器壳体10对角线方向上的长度，从而减小了扬声器壳体10的占用空间，有利于扬声器壳体10的小型化，方便扬声器100插入内径不大于3mm的第一腔体3095(如图2a所示)，而现有的世界上最小的单一全频平衡电枢驱动单元的扬声器外壳模型最小直径也有3.7毫米，如此，有效提高了电子设备300的佩戴舒适性。可以理解，扬声器壳体10于垂直Z方向的投影面上的正投影可以为五至十角多边形，当然，本申请对扬声器壳体10于垂直Z方向的投影面上的正投影的形状并不作限定，例如圆形、椭圆形或者不规则多边形。
请结合图8所示，本实施方式中，将扬声器壳体10于沿Y方向的长度称为扬声器壳体10的短轴，将扬声器壳体10沿X方向的长度称为长轴，扬声器壳体10的短轴与扬声器壳体10的长轴的比值为1:Q。换而言之，扬声器壳体10于垂直Z方向的投影面上的正投影，沿Y方向的长度与沿X方向的长度之比为1:Q，所述Q大于或等于2。本实施方式中，Q为2.5。
本实施方式中，扬声器壳体10包括固定连接于一起的第一壳体11及第二壳体13，用于方便振膜结构50、磁路系统30、驱动杆60组装于扬声器壳体10内。其中，振膜结构50固定于第一壳体11的内壁上，出音孔1011贯通第一壳体11的内壁与外壁。磁路系统30从第二壳体13的内腔延伸至第一壳体11的内腔。可以理解，扬声器壳体10不限定包括第一壳体11及第二壳体13，扬声器壳体10也可以为整体设置或者多个分壳体组成。
磁路系统30包括永磁部件31、电磁线圈33及电枢35。永磁部件31与电磁线圈33均固定于第二壳体13的内壁，永磁部件31与电磁线圈33沿X方向排列设置。永磁部件31用于产生固定磁场。所述固定磁场，为磁场强度和方向保持不变的磁场。电磁线圈33用于在输入音频信号后产生交变磁场。所述音频信号为交流电信号，所述交变磁场为磁场方向根据输入音频信号的极性交替变化的磁场。可选的，音频信号为正弦交流电信号，在此不作限定。电枢35穿设于电磁线圈33与永磁部件31内，驱动杆60固定连接于振膜结构50与电枢35之间。电枢35能够被交变磁场磁化，并因与所述固定磁场相互作用而运动，进而带动振膜结构50振动发声。
更为具体的，永磁部件31包括磁芯311、第一磁性件313及第二磁性件315。磁芯311固定于第二壳体13的内壁上，用于产生磁通路径。第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315固定收容于磁芯311内，以产生固定磁场。第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315沿Z方向间隔设置。本实施方式中，第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315均大致为板体，第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315两者的长度与磁芯311的长度大致相同；制成第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315的材料为铝镍钴(AlNiCo)。可以理解，不限定永磁部件31中的磁性件的数量，例如， 第一磁性件313的数量可以为两个；第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315两者的长度与磁芯311的长度可以不相同；不限定制成第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315的材料，例如可以为铷铁硼(NdFeB)、锶磁或钡铁氧体磁体等等。
电枢35与扬声器壳体10相适配。电枢35沿Y方向的最大长度称为电枢的短轴，将电枢35沿X方向的最大长度称为电枢的长轴，电枢35的短轴与电枢35的长轴的比值为1：J，其中J大于或等于2。本实施方式中，Q的值为2.5，J的值为2.5，即电枢35的短轴与电枢35的长轴的比值为1：2.5。
振膜结构50的谐振频率取决于电枢35的谐振频率f，电枢35的的谐振频率越低则振膜结构50的谐振频率越低。谐振频率f可通过公式(1)得到：
Figure PCTCN2021073454-appb-000003
其中，K为电枢的刚度，M为电枢的质量。而刚度K，可通过公式(2)得到：
Figure PCTCN2021073454-appb-000004
其中，E为杨氏模量，b为电枢的宽度，h为电枢的厚度，L为电枢的长度。电枢的宽度与电枢的短轴相对应，电枢的长度与电枢的长度相对应。因此，同样材料与同等厚度的情况下，电枢35的短轴与电枢35的长轴的比值越小，则电枢35的刚度K更小。
在电枢的材料不变的情况下，通过降低电枢的短轴与电枢的长轴之间的比值，获得较大的电枢质量，例如，相较于传统的平衡电枢所采用的短轴与长轴之比值1:1.67来说，本申请的电枢35质量更大。如此，扬声器100能够获取更低的谐振频率，从而提升扬声器100的低频性能。
综上两点，短轴与长轴的比值为1：2.5的电枢质量M电枢35比传统的1：1.67的电枢质量M更大，而刚度K更小，因此谐振频率f更低。
可以理解，不限定扬声器壳体10沿Y方向的长度与沿X方向的长度之比为1:Q，所述Q大于2，电枢35的短轴与电枢35的长轴的比值为1：J，所述J大于2，电枢35能够固定收容于扬声器壳体10内即可。
电枢35由软磁材料制成，请参阅图9，电枢35包括固定部350、第一电枢部351及第二电枢部352。固定部350位于电磁线圈33与磁芯311外。固定部350与磁芯311的外壁固定连接，用于将电枢35固定于磁芯311上。第一电枢部351的一端与固定部350固定连接，第一电枢部351的另一端与第二电枢部352固定连接。可以理解，在其他实施方式中，第一电枢部351与第二电枢部352也可以活动连接。第一电枢部351朝向第二电枢部352的延伸方向为X方向。第一电枢部351收容于电磁线圈33并位于磁芯311外。第二电枢部352位于第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315之间，第一磁性件313、第二电枢部352及第二磁性件314沿Z方向依次设置。第二电枢部352远离第一电枢部351的一端露出磁芯311并通过驱动杆60与振膜结构50固定连接。
当电磁线圈33输入音频信号时，电磁线圈33产生电磁力，电磁力根据输入的音频信号的极性产生交流电流从而产生交变磁场。第一电枢部351与第二电枢部352两者被交变磁场及固定磁场磁化，并且磁化方向随着交变磁场的磁场方向的变化而变化。第二电枢部 352被磁化后，会在第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315之间形成的固定磁场的作用下发生偏转，并根据磁化方向的交替变化，在Z方向上进行往复运动，从而带动驱动杆60及振膜结构50运动。
电枢被磁化后受到固定磁场的作用，进而带动振膜结构振动产生声压。设固定磁场的作用在电枢上的作用力为驱动力F，驱动力F即为电枢受到的永磁部件的磁吸引力。而扬声器的低频段的输出声压级与驱动力F成正比，因此，驱动力F的提升可以增加扬声器的低频输出声压级(sound pressure level，SPL)。其中，驱动力F可以根据公式(3)得到：
F＝Bl×I，公式(3)
其中，Bl是磁力电转换因子，I是电磁线圈中输入的电流。如此，提升磁力电转换因子Bl能够提升低频输出声压级。磁力电转换因子Bl与电枢所接收的固定磁场的磁通量相关，当增加固定磁场穿过电枢的磁通量，能够有效提升磁力电转换因子Bl。增加电枢于固定磁场中的磁有效面积，可以提升电枢接收到的磁通量，从而提升磁力电转换因子Bl，最终提升驱动力F，实现增加扬声器的低频输出声压级。换而言之，电枢能受到的驱动力F正比于电枢放置于磁场中的磁有效面积。
本实施方式中，于Y方向上，第一电枢部351的宽度小于第二电枢部352的宽度。不考虑材料等其他因素，相较于具宽度一致的第一电枢部351a与第二电枢部352a的电枢35a(如图10a所示)，由于第一电枢部351的宽度小于第二电枢部352(如图10b所示)，增加电枢35的第二电枢部352与磁性件(第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315)的磁有效面积，即图10b中的B所标识的第二电枢部352的面积大于图10a中的A所标识的第二电枢部352a的面积，使电枢35能够对永磁部件31产生更大的功率，即提升了驱动力F，从而提高了扬声器的低频段的输出声压级。另外，由于增加了第二电枢部352的面积，亦增加了电枢35的质量M，如此，有利于将电枢35的谐振频率f移到低频段。例如，相较于直径大致为3.7mm的电枢35a的第二电枢部352a的1.65mm 2面积，本实施方式中的第二电枢部352的面积大致为1.92mm 2，ANC性能能够实现120dB@20Hz。
本实施方式中，第二电枢部352与第一电枢部351连接处的宽度，由第一电枢部351朝向第二电枢部352的方向递增，有利于提高电枢35的结构稳定性。应当理解，第二电枢部352与第一电枢部351连接处是指第二电枢部352与第一电枢部351两者的连接部位或连接区域。可以理解，不限定第二电枢部352与第一电枢部351连接处的宽度，由第一电枢部351向第二电枢部352的方向递增，例如第一电枢部351与第二电枢部352之间也可以呈台阶设置。
另外，电枢由软磁材料制成，软磁材料经适当热处理形成最优磁畴。为方便说明电枢的磁畴极性，假设预制电枢的软磁材料内部有多个磁针。在热处理中，加热温度和时间的控制，也会影响电枢的磁性能，如果加热的温度和时间控制准确的话，电枢里的磁针可能朝向就会都指向同一个方向。然而，通常电枢即使在最优磁畴状态下，多个磁针的南极(又或北极)朝向杂乱无章。而电枢在最优磁畴状态下，若受到外部磁场(例如固定磁场及/或交变磁场)影响时，多个磁针的南极(又或北极)朝向大致为同个方向，即电枢被磁化。电枢被磁化以后也就有了磁性。但是电枢内部的磁感应强度存在饱和值，到达饱和值之后，就算外部的磁场再增加，电枢的磁性不会继续增强。饱和值影响电枢在固定磁场能够受到 的驱动力F的最大值，当选用的软磁材料饱和值越高，则电枢在固定磁场能够受到的驱动力F的最大值则更高。由磁畴极性决定的驱动力F取决于电枢的表面积和体积。因此，扩大电枢的磁有效面积可以达到提高磁感应强度饱和点的效果。
根据前述可知，电枢的谐振频率(可参公式(1)-(2))与电枢的长宽高尺寸有关，长度L越长，及/或宽度b越宽，及/或厚度h越小，则电枢的刚度K越小。因此，增大穿入第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315之间的第二电枢部352的宽度，一方面可以降低电枢35的刚度K，另一方面增加了电枢35的质量M，都对降低电枢35的谐振频率f有正向作用。通过降低电枢35的谐振频率f，即相当于拓展了电枢35的低频响应，也就是提升了扬声器100的低频性能。
对电枢的结构设计为综合考虑到至少以下三个方面的因素的结果。
第一方面，由于扬声器壳体体积的限制，且扬声器壳体需给电枢之外的器件预留安装空间，例如，磁芯需要保留一定的厚度尺寸以避免磁芯因厚度过薄产生磁饱和从而影响扬声器的声压输出。因此，综合考虑对磁路设计的影响，穿设永磁部件的电枢部分(简称电枢前端)的尺寸不能无限展宽。
第二方面，扬声器的低频声压级输出和电磁线圈的磁动势成正比，若电磁线圈的匝数越多越好，则扬声器的低频声压级输出越大。通电电磁线圈的磁动势Mf＝N×I，其中N为电磁线圈的匝数，I为通入电磁线圈中的电流。匝数N越多，电磁线圈能够产生的磁动势就越大。若要最大限度的增加电磁线圈的匝数，就必然会减少电磁线圈的内径空间，从而使电枢后端宽度受到限制。考虑到电磁线圈内径的尺寸限制，穿设电磁线圈的电枢部分(简称电枢前端)不与电枢穿入永磁部件的后端等宽，如此，在超小的扬声器壳体体积内最大限度地提升扬声器的声压输出。
第三方面，电枢质量M也不能无限制地增加，因为电枢质量M＝ρ×V，其中ρ为材料的密度，V为电枢的体积。材料一般要依据导磁性能进行选择，材料选定后密度ρ也就确定。如此，要提升电枢质量M就只能提升体积V。由于受到扬声器壳体尺寸的限制，电枢的体积V不能无限增加，这需综合考虑提升电枢体积V带来的影响，比如增加电枢的厚度h即会增加电枢质量M，但是另一方面电枢厚度h的增加也会导致电枢刚度K的增加，从而导致谐振频率f的增加，最终影响扬声器系统的低频性能变差。
综上，磁芯、第一磁性件、第二磁性件、电磁线圈、电枢前端和电枢后端的设计是一个综合考量的设计结果。
请再次参阅图9，固定部350包括加强臂353、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355。加强臂353固定于第一电枢部351背离第二电枢部352的一端，并位于振膜结构50与电磁线圈33之间，用于加强电枢35的强度。第一电枢部351背离第二电枢部352的一端、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355均与加强臂353固定连接，第一电枢部351位于第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355之间，第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355相对设置。第一侧桥354与第一电枢部351间隔设置而形成开槽，第二侧桥355与第一电枢部351间隔设置而形成开槽。第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355均位于磁芯311外并与磁芯311的外壁固定连接，实现将电枢35固定于磁芯311上。本实施方式中，电枢35的第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355通过胶体固定于磁芯311的外壁上加强臂353上。可以理解，不限定侧桥(第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355)与磁芯 311之间的固定方式，例如，可以为卡接等。电磁线圈33处于加强臂353、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355的包围之中，提高了电枢33的支撑强度，有利于提高电枢35、永磁部件31电磁线圈33的组装稳定性。可以理解，可以省略加强臂353、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥35，将电枢35的第一电枢部351远离第二电枢部352的一端与第二壳体13的内壁或电磁线圈33固定于一起。
更具体的，加强臂353包括固定连接的第一加强部3531及第二加强部3533，第一侧桥354与第一加强部3531固定连接第二侧桥355与第一加强部3531固定连接。第一加强部3531与第一电枢部351相对设置，即第一加强部3531、第二加强部3533、第一电枢部351与第二电枢部353连接呈U形结构，增大电枢35包围电磁线圈33的面积，进一步提高电枢35与电磁线圈33的组装稳定性。第二加强部3533远离第一加强部3531的一端与第一电枢部351远离第二电枢部352的一端固定连接。第二加强部3533为弯曲结构，减少制造时应力的产生。
第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355均包括固定连接的桥体3541及连接部3543，第一侧桥354的连接部3543与第二侧桥355的连接部3543由第一加强部3531背离第二加强部3533一端的边缘朝向背离振膜结构50的同一侧弯折延伸形成，桥体3541与磁芯311固定连接，第一侧桥354的桥体3541、第二侧桥355的桥体3541与第一电枢部351沿X方向延伸，使得第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355为弯曲结构，加强了电枢35的结构稳定性。
第二电枢部352位于第一磁性件313与第二磁性件315之间，且电枢35通过第一侧桥354、第二侧桥355固定于磁芯311，电枢35被驱动振动时各个区域的振动位移不相同，第二电枢部352背离第一电枢部351的一端为电枢35振动的最大位移区域。
请结合参阅图6、图9与图11a，第二电枢部352背离第一电枢部351的一端还开设有第一连接孔3521，用于定位及固定驱动杆60。驱动杆60远离振膜结构50的一端通过胶体固定于第一连接孔3521内，有利于提高电枢35与驱动杆60组装的稳定性及效率。本实施方式中，需将驱动杆60组装于第二电枢部352时，请参阅图11b，在驱动杆60的一端穿过第一连接孔3521后，使用喷射点胶，再通过照射紫外光进行固化；请参阅图11c，完成固定化后，驱动杆60固定于第一连接孔3521，如此，实现驱动杆60与第一连接孔3521的轻松组装，通过点胶固定比用电焊或用板式棒焊接容易及更方便。可以理解，图11a-图11c仅是示例性地，对电枢35与驱动杆60的固定连接方式不构成限定，电枢35与驱动杆60还可以通过其他方式进行连接，例如卡接、螺接等等。
请再次参阅图6、图7并结合图12，振膜结构50包括固定环51、振动薄膜53及片体55，固定环51固定于扬声器壳体10的第一壳体11的内壁上，用于将振动薄膜53固定于第一壳体11上。振动薄膜53与固定环51固定相接，用于振动产生声压。片体55固定盖设于振动薄膜53背离电枢35(包括第一电枢部351及第二电枢部352)的一侧，用于增强振膜结构50的刚度。驱动杆60远离电枢35的第二电枢部352的一端穿设于振动薄膜53并与片体55固定相接。在驱动杆60的带动下，片体55与振动薄膜53能够振动。本实施方式中，片体55为金属材料制成，例如铝片。可以理解，片体55可以由其他材料制成，例如，非金属材质，其能够增强振膜结构50的刚度与强度即可。
由于振动薄膜53通过固定环51固定于第一壳体11的内壁上，片体55固定于振动薄 膜53上，片体55被驱动杆60带动振动时，片体55在不同区域的振动位移不相同。片体55具有最大位移区域，片体55的最大位移区域为片体55振动时的振动位移位于最大位移范围内的区域，所述最大位移范围内的最大值为片体55振动时的最大振动位移。片体55的最大位移区域设有凹孔5513(如图13所示)，凹孔5513由片体55的边缘朝向片体55的内部凹陷，使得片体55在最大位移区域形成蛙蹼结构，有利于片体55克服空气中的阻力，产生空气声压，从而改善振膜结构50运动的推进力，有助于实现更高的声压。片体55与驱动杆60连接处所在区域为片体55振动的最大位移区域。
本实施方式中，凹孔5513的边缘为弧形边缘，即凹孔5513为弧形孔，使得蛙蹼结构的边缘轮廓光滑，进一步有利于克服空气中的阻力，有助于扬声器实现更高的声压。
更为具体的，片体55包括相对设置的第一端部551与第二端部553，相较于第二端部553，第一端部551更为靠近出音孔1011设置。振动薄膜53上设有第二连接孔531(如图7所示)，第一端部551上设有第三连接孔5511(如图7所示)，第三连接孔5511对应第二连接孔531设置。驱动杆60远离电枢35的一端固定于第二连接孔531与第三连接孔5511内。第三连接孔5511所在的第一端部551可视作片体55的最大位移区域。本实施方式中，凹孔5513由第一端部551的边缘朝向片体55的内部凹陷；凹孔5513的数量为两个。可以理解，不限定凹孔5513的数量，凹孔5513的数量可以为一个、三个或更多个。
沿Z方向，片体55在驱动杆60的带动下进行振动，请参阅图14，片体55的第一端部551为片体55的最大位移区域，由于片体55的第一端部551具凹孔5513而呈蛙蹼结构，有利于第一端部551克服空气中的阻力，产生空气声压，从而改善振膜结构50运动的推进力，有助于实现更高的声压。
本实施方式中，组装振膜结构50时，于固定环51预先涂覆胶水，然后把振动薄膜53铺上固定环51使得振动薄膜53与固定环51固定相接；然后，在片体55的一侧面涂覆胶水，将片体55铺盖在振动薄膜53上；沿片体55与振动薄膜53的层叠方向，再通过热压模具将片体55、振动薄膜53及固定环51压合在一起，组装成最后的振膜结构50。可以理解，上述振膜结构50的组装步骤是示例性地，对本申请不构成限定。
请再次参阅图6与图7，扬声器100还包括网状空气阻尼器80。网状空气阻尼器80夹设于电枢35的第二加强部3533与第二壳体13的内壁之间，用于对电枢35及振膜结构50进行减震，减少扬声器100的杂音，从而提高扬声器100的声音品质。
第二壳体13远离第二电枢部352的一端上设有通孔131，扬声器100还包括设于扬声器壳体10外部的端子80。端子80通过导线(图未示)穿设于通孔131而与电磁线圈33电连接，以传输音频信号到电磁线圈33。当端子80输入音频信号时，电磁线圈33产生电磁力，电磁力根据输入的音频信号的极性产生交流电流，进而产生交变磁场。交流电流基于频率驱动电枢35，从而驱动振膜结构50振动，产生声音。这样导致信号有效转换过程中产生的声压能量与传输到振膜的驱动力之间有差异。这种声压能量通过出音孔1011向外传输，产生声音。
可以理解，对电枢35的结构不作限定，例如，请参阅图15，电枢35还可以大致为E字型，电枢35包括第一电枢部351、第二电枢部352、加强臂353、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355，第一电枢部351与第二电枢部352固定相接，第一电枢部351穿设于电磁线圈， 第二电枢部352穿设于永磁部件的第一磁性件与第二磁性件之间，第一电枢部351背离第二电枢部352的一端、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355均与加强臂353固定连接且间隔设置，第一电枢部351位于第一侧桥354与第二侧桥355之间，加强臂353、第一侧桥354及第二侧桥355均位于电磁线圈外。
在一实施方式中，请再次参阅图2a，电子设备300包括主壳体309、处理器301及扬声器100。扬声器100与处理器301固定收容于主壳体309内，处理器301与扬声器100的电磁线圈电连接，处理器301用于控制扬声器100将音频信号转换为声音。
电子设备300还包括电源模块306及无线通信模块303，无线通信模块303及电源模块306固定收容于主壳体309内，电源模块306用于向扬声器100、处理器301及无线通信模块303提供电能，无线通信模块303用于与其他终端设备建立无线连接以获取音频信号，处理器301根据所述音频信号控制驱动扬声器100的电枢运动，从而使扬声器100的振膜结构振动发声。
终端设备400还包括麦克风3043及主动降噪模块307，麦克风3043及主动降噪模块306均固定收容于主壳体309内，麦克风3043用于采集噪声，主动降噪模块307用于根据噪声生成降噪信号并输送至扬声器100的电磁线圈。由主动降噪模块307产生的降噪信号与音频信号一起被输入扬声器100，降噪信号会通过相消干扰消除噪声，但不会影响音频信号中所需的声波，从而提高终端设备400的声音品质，以及提高用户的使用体验。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括扬声器壳体、磁路系统、振膜结构及驱动杆，所述磁路系统、所述振膜结构及所述驱动杆均收容于所述扬声器壳体内，所述磁路系统包括永磁部件、电磁线圈及电枢，所述永磁部件用于产生固定磁场，所述电磁线圈用于产生交变磁场，所述电枢包括连接的第一电枢部及第二电枢部，所述第一电枢部朝向所述第二电枢部延伸的方向为第一方向，所述第一电枢部收容于所述电磁线圈内，所述第二电枢部收容于所述永磁部件内，所述第一电枢部沿与所述第一方向垂直的第二方向的宽度小于所述第二电枢部沿所述第二方向的宽度，所述振膜结构固定于所述扬声器壳体的内壁上并与所述电磁线圈沿第三方向层叠设置，所述第一方向与所述第三方向相互垂直，所述第二方向与所述第三方向相互垂直，所述驱动杆固定连接于所述振膜结构与所述第二电枢部之间，用于在所述电枢被所述固定磁场及所述交变磁场磁化时带动所述振膜结构振动发声。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第二电枢部与所述第一电枢部连接处的宽度，由所述第一电枢部朝向所述第二电枢部的方向递增。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述电枢还包括加强臂、第一侧桥及第二侧桥，所述第一电枢部背离所述第二电枢部的一端、所述第一侧桥及所述第二侧桥均与所述加强臂固定连接且间隔设置，所述第二电枢部位于所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥之间，所述加强臂、所述第一侧桥及所述第二侧桥均位于所述电磁线圈外，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥与所述永磁部件的外壁固定连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述加强臂包括固定连接的第一加强部及第二加强部，所述第一侧桥与所述第一加强部固定连接，所述第二侧桥与所述第一加强部固定连接，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥相对设置，所述第一加强部位于所述振膜结构与所述电磁线圈之间，所述第二加强部远离所述第一加强部的一端与所述第一电枢部远离所述第二电枢部的一端固定连接，所述第一加强部与所述第一电枢部相对设置。【加强部，侧桥】
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一侧桥与所述第二侧桥均包括固定连接的桥体及连接部，所述连接部由所述第一加强部背离所述第二加强部一端的边缘朝向背离所述振膜结构的一侧弯折延伸形成，所述桥体与所述永磁部件的外壁固定连接，所述桥体与所述第一电枢部沿同一方向延伸。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述永磁部件包括磁芯、第一磁性件及第二磁性件，所述第一磁性件与所述第二磁性件固定收容于所述磁芯内，所述第一磁性件、所述第二电枢部、所述第二磁性件依次沿所述第三方向设置。【磁芯，磁性件】
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第二电枢部远离所述第 一电枢部的一端设有第一连接孔，所述驱动杆与所述第一连接孔通过胶体固定连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述振膜结构包括固定环、片体及振动薄膜，所述固定环固定于所述扬声器壳体的内壁上，所述振动薄膜固定于所述固定环上，所述片体固定于所述振动薄膜背离所述电枢的一侧，所述驱动杆远离所述第二电枢部的一端与所述片体固定连接，所述电枢带动所述片体及所述振动薄膜振动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述片体具有最大位移区域，所述最大位移区域为所述片体振动时的振动位移位于最大位移范围内的区域，其中，所述最大位移范围内的最大值为所述片体振动时的最大振动位移，所述片体的最大位移区域设有凹孔，所述凹孔由所述片体的边缘朝向所述片体的内部凹陷。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述凹孔的边缘为弧形边缘。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述电枢沿所述第二方向的最大宽度与所述电枢沿所述第一方向的最大长度之比为1:J，所述J大于或等于2。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任意一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述扬声器壳体于垂直所述第三方向的投影面上的正投影的形状为多边形。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述扬声器壳体沿所述第二方向的长度与沿第一方向的长度之比为1:Q，所述Q大于或等于2。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括主壳体、扬声器与处理器，所述扬声器与所述处理器固定收容于所述主壳体内，所述处理器用于根据音频信号控制驱动所述扬声器的电枢运动，从而使所述扬声器的振膜结构振动发声，所述扬声器用于将电信号转换为声信号。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括无线通信模块及电源模块，所述电源模块用于向所述扬声器、所述处理器及所述无线通信模块提供电能，所述无线通信模块用于与其他终端设备建立无线连接获取音频信号，所述处理器用于根据所述音频信号控制驱动所述扬声器的电枢运动。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括麦克风及主动降噪模块，所述麦克风及所述主动降噪模块均固定收容于所述主壳体内，所述麦克风用于采集噪声，所述主动降噪模块用于根据所述噪声生成降噪信号，所述降噪信号与所述音频信号被输送至所述扬声器的电磁线圈。
PCT/CN2021/073454 2020-07-31 2021-01-23 扬声器及电子设备 WO2022021820A1 (zh)

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