WO2022021588A1 - 一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法 - Google Patents

一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021588A1
WO2022021588A1 PCT/CN2020/117562 CN2020117562W WO2022021588A1 WO 2022021588 A1 WO2022021588 A1 WO 2022021588A1 CN 2020117562 W CN2020117562 W CN 2020117562W WO 2022021588 A1 WO2022021588 A1 WO 2022021588A1
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Prior art keywords
weeding
shaft
paddy field
weeds
grass
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PCT/CN2020/117562
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杜冬冬
王俊
韦真博
李东方
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浙江大学
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Publication of WO2022021588A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021588A1/zh
Priority to US17/956,856 priority Critical patent/US20230021925A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D44/00—Harvesting of underwater plants, e.g. harvesting of seaweed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/06—Combines with headers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/18—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/14—Mowing tables
    • A01D41/145—Header lifting devices

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and relates to a paddy field seedling weeding machine and a weeding method.
  • Weeds are an unavoidable harmful element in the paddy field environment. They compete with seedlings for resources such as growth space, fertilizer nutrients, and light, which seriously affect the yield and quality of rice. According to reports, the annual loss rate of rice yield caused by weeds is more than 15%.
  • Chemical herbicides are currently the most widely used weeding methods, which have the advantages of rapidity, high efficiency and economy. However, the large-scale use of chemical agents has brought many problems such as environmental pollution and pesticide residues. The development of non-chemical herbicide technology has received more and more government support and research attention.
  • the non-chemical weeding method is still mainly manual weeding. Weeds are manually removed and discarded to the field ridges. The weeding operation is thorough and the whole process is pollution-free.
  • the manual weeding method has low operation efficiency and high labor cost.
  • the weeding of paddy field seedlings urgently needs mechanized work tools to replace manual weeding operations.
  • CN201910793095.X discloses an automatic multi-row weeding machine for seedling fields, which uses a blade-type weeding wheel to remove weeds between rows, and uses an inter-row weeding needle assembly to remove weeds between rows.
  • CN201910624258.1, CN201811396769.4 and the like also disclose a rake-tooth-type inter-row weeding device, which uses a rake-tooth-type weeding wheel to remove weeds between rows.
  • the above-mentioned blade-type or rake-tooth-type weeding devices all achieve the purpose of removing weeds through the rotation of the blades or rake-tooths, but the weeding operation of such devices is not complete.
  • Weeds usually have strong vitality and can be regenerated after being removed by leaves or rakes and discarded into the paddy field environment, resulting in unsatisfactory weeding effects of the above-mentioned devices. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a weeding machine that can remove weeds and kill weeds completely, so as to realize weeding between rows and plants of paddy field seedlings.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, provide a paddy field seedling weeding machine and a weeding method, extract the weeds between the rows by the grass collecting spiral, use the spiral grass cutter to chop the weeds, and stir the weeds by the bidirectional variable pitch.
  • the dragon conveys the broken grass under pressure, uses the broken grass to bury the weeds between the plants, retains the seedlings, and realizes the weeding between the rows of paddy field seedlings by the method of weeding-grass-burying.
  • the weeding operation is thorough and the work efficiency is high. , Weeding effect is good.
  • a paddy field seedling weeding machine comprising a paddy field power chassis, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a parallelogram suspension frame, a weeding frame, a transmission assembly and a weeding unit, one end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder is connected with the paddy field power chassis, and the other end is connected with the parallelogram suspension frame , One end of the parallelogram suspension frame is connected with the paddy field power chassis, and the other end is connected with the weeding frame, and the transmission assembly and the weeding unit are installed on the weeding frame;
  • the transmission assembly includes a transmission main shaft, a cover plate, a transmission I shaft, a transmission II shaft, a power input shaft, a transmission III shaft, a transmission IV shaft, and the main shaft of the weeding unit.
  • One end of the transmission main shaft is connected with the paddy field power chassis, and the other end is connected with the power input shaft.
  • the transmission shaft II and the transmission III shaft are respectively connected with the power input shaft through the chain transmission
  • the transmission I shaft is connected with the transmission II shaft through the chain transmission
  • the transmission IV shaft is connected with the transmission III shaft through the chain transmission
  • the drive shaft III and drive IV shaft are respectively connected with the main shaft of the weeding unit through chain drive
  • the cover plate is connected with the weeding frame;
  • the weeding frame is connected, the floating plate is connected with the floating plate frame, the main shaft of the weeding unit is connected with the grass cutting channel, the grass cutting channel is connected with the weeding unit frame, the weeding unit frame is connected with the weeding frame, and the spiral grass cutting knife is connected with the main shaft of the weeding unit.
  • One end of the worm gear box I is connected with the main shaft of the weeding unit, and the other end is connected with the grass collecting screw shaft.
  • the grass collecting screw is connected with the grass collecting screw shaft.
  • the material port is connected with the feeding channel
  • the auger shaft is connected with the feeding channel
  • the two-way variable pitch auger is connected with the auger shaft
  • one end of the worm gear box II is connected with the auger shaft
  • the other end is connected with the feeding shaft.
  • the main shaft of the weeding unit is connected.
  • the grass collecting spiral includes two sets of spiral structures that rotate in opposite directions, and 4 to 8 sets of grass collecting inverted teeth are installed on the spiral structure, and the angle of the inverted teeth is 50 to 70 degrees.
  • the spiral grass cutter comprises 6 to 10 sets of cutter teeth, and the cutter teeth are in a spiral structure.
  • the distance between the inner surface of the grass cutting channel and the blade surface of the spiral grass cutting blade is 2-5mm to ensure the effective cutting of weeds, and the inner surface of the grass cutting channel is made of wear-resistant metal material.
  • the two-way variable-pitch auger includes two groups of spiral augers rotating in opposite directions, and the screw pitch is variable, and the screw pitch gradually decreases from the feeding port to the discharging port.
  • a method for weeding between rows and plants of paddy field seedlings adopts the working mode of pulling weeds, breaking weeds and burying weeds.
  • the weeding unit operates between the rows of seedlings, and the weeds between the rows are picked up by the rotation of the grass collecting screw, and fed into the grass cutting channel to achieve weeding between the rows of rice seedlings;
  • Under the action of cutting it is chopped and transported to the feeding channel, and is conveyed to the discharge port on both sides of the feeding channel by the bidirectional variable pitch auger.
  • the chopped weeds are discharged from the discharge port and fall between the seedlings.
  • the weeds are buried between the weeds to inhibit the photosynthesis of the weeds to achieve weeding between the plants. Because the seedlings have high compressive strength, they are retained after the burial of the broken weeds, so as to complete the weeding between the rows and the plants of the paddy field seedlings. Operation.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the weeding machine and the weeding method adopt a working mode of pulling weeds, breaking weeds and burying weeds.
  • the two-way variable pitch auger conveys the chopped weeds to the discharge port under pressure, buries the weeds between the plants, retains the seedlings, and realizes the weeding between the rows and the plants of the paddy field seedlings.
  • the weeding method of pulling weeds - breaking weeds - burying weeds completely kills weed activity and solves the problem of weed regeneration.
  • the invention has the advantages of thorough weeding operation, high work efficiency and good weeding effect.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of paddy field seedling weeding machine
  • Fig. 2 is the side view of paddy field seedling weeding machine
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of paddy field seedling weeding machine
  • Fig. 4 is the transmission system schematic diagram of paddy field seedling weeding machine
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the weeding unit of the weeding machine
  • Fig. 6 is the structural sectional view of the weeding unit of the weeding machine
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of weeding unit weed collecting spiral
  • Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the weeding unit spiral grass cutter
  • Fig. 9 is the structural representation of weeding unit two-way variable pitch auger
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the weeding work method between the seedlings between the rows of the weeding machine
  • paddy field power chassis 1 lifting hydraulic cylinder 2, parallelogram suspension frame 3, transmission main shaft 4, weeding frame 5, cover plate 6, floating plate frame 7, floating plate 8, transmission I axis 9, transmission II axis 10 , power input shaft 11, drive III shaft 12, drive IV shaft 13, weeding unit main shaft 14, spiral grass cutter 15, grass cutting channel 16, weeding unit frame 17, worm gear box I18, grass collecting screw 19, grass collecting Tooth 20, grass collecting screw shaft 21, feeding channel 22, outlet 23, bidirectional variable pitch auger 24, auger shaft 25, worm gear box II 26, feeding shaft 27, seedlings 28, weeds 29.
  • a paddy field seedling weeding machine includes a paddy field power chassis 1, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 2, a parallelogram suspension frame 3, a weeding frame 5, a transmission assembly and a weeding unit.
  • One end of the cylinder 2 is connected with the paddy field power chassis 1, and the other end is connected with the parallelogram suspension frame 3.
  • the weeding machine realizes the lifting and lowering of the weeding frame 5 through the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder, and one end of the parallelogram suspension frame 3 is connected with the paddy field power chassis 1.
  • the other end is connected with the weeding frame 5, and the suspension frame adopts a parallelogram structure, so that the weeding frame 5 can be lifted and lowered in the vertical direction, and the transmission assembly and the weeding unit are installed on the weeding frame 5;
  • the transmission assembly includes a transmission main shaft 4, a cover plate 6, a transmission I shaft 9, a transmission II shaft 10, a power input shaft 11, a transmission III shaft 12, a transmission IV shaft 13, a weeding unit main shaft 14, and a transmission main shaft. 4.
  • One end is connected with the paddy field power chassis 1, the other end is connected with the power input shaft 11, both ends are connected by universal joints, the transmission shaft II 10 and the transmission shaft III 12 are respectively connected with the power input shaft 11 through chain transmission, and the transmission shaft I 9 is connected with transmission II shaft 10 through chain transmission, transmission IV shaft 13 is connected with transmission III shaft 12 through chain transmission, transmission I shaft 9, transmission II shaft 10, transmission III shaft 12, transmission IV shaft 13 respectively through chain transmission and weeding
  • the unit main shafts 14 are connected, and through the above-mentioned chain drive connection, the weeding unit main shafts 14 of each weeding unit can keep rotating in the same direction and at the same speed, and the cover plate 6 is connected with the weeding frame 5, and the cover plate 6 has a protective effect;
  • the weeding unit includes a floating plate frame 7, a floating plate 8, a weeding unit main shaft 14, a spiral grass cutting knife 15, a grass cutting channel 16, a weeding unit frame 17, a worm gear box I18, and a grass collecting screw. 19.
  • one end of the worm gear box I18 is connected with the main shaft 14 of the weeding unit, and the other end is connected with the weeding screw shaft 21, and the power of the main shaft 14 of the weeding unit is vertically transmitted to the grass collecting screw shaft 21, and the grass collecting screw 19 is connected with the grass collecting screw shaft.
  • the grass collecting tooth 20 is installed on the grass collecting screw 19, the weeds 29 between the rows are extracted and fed into the grass cutting channel 16 under the rotation of the grass collecting screw 19 and the grass collecting tooth 20, and the feeding channel 22 is connected with the broken grass channel 16, located below the broken grass channel 16, the discharge port 23 is connected with the feeding channel 22, the auger shaft 25 is connected with the feeding channel 22, the two-way variable pitch auger 24 is connected with the auger shaft 25, and the worm
  • One end of the transmission box II 26 is connected with the auger shaft 25, and the other end is connected with the feeding shaft 27, which transmits the power of the feeding shaft 27 vertically to the auger shaft 25, and the feeding shaft 27 is connected with the main shaft 14 of the weeding unit through chain transmission.
  • 6-8 groups of weeding units are installed on the weeding frame 5
  • 4-6 floating plates 8 are installed on the floating plate frame 7, which can simultaneously carry out the weeding operation of 6-8 rows of paddy field seedlings.
  • the grass collecting screw 19 includes two sets of spiral structures that rotate in opposite directions, and 4 to 8 sets of grass collecting inverted teeth 20 are installed on the spiral structure, and the angle of the inverted teeth is 50 to 70 ⁇ , the weeds 29 between the rows are extracted under the rotating action of the grass collecting screw 19 and the grass collecting inverted teeth 20, and are fed to the broken grass channel 16 from both ends to the middle under the action of two sets of spiral structures rotating in opposite directions.
  • the spiral grass cutter 15 includes 6-10 sets of cutter teeth, and the cutter teeth are in a spiral structure.
  • the grass 29 is chopped, and the weeds 29 are fed into the feeding channel 22 from the outside to the inside in the helical direction.
  • the distance between the inner surface of the grass cutting channel 16 and the blade surface of the spiral grass cutting blade 15 is 2-5mm, and the effective cutting of the weeds 29 is ensured by the above-mentioned distance control, and the inner surface of the grass cutting channel 16 is made of wear-resistant metal The material can improve the service life of the broken grass channel 16.
  • the two-way variable-pitch auger 24 includes two groups of spiral augers rotating in opposite directions, and the screw pitch is variable, and the screw pitch gradually decreases from the feed port to the discharge port.
  • 2 groups of spiral augers rotating in opposite directions transport the chopped weeds 29 from the feed port to the discharge ports at both ends, and the gradually smaller pitch enables the spiral auger to compress the chopped grass during the conveying process, increasing the The density of the broken grass is reduced to achieve a better burial effect.
  • a method for weeding between rows and plants of paddy field seedlings adopts the working method of pulling weeds - breaking weeds - burying weeds.
  • the power of the paddy field power chassis 1 is transmitted to the weeding unit; when working, the weeding unit operates between the rows of seedlings, picks up the weeds 29 between the rows through the rotation of the weed collecting screw 19, and feeds them into the grass-breaking channel 16 to achieve
  • the paddy field seedlings 28 are weeded between the rows; the weeds 29 are chopped under the rotary cutting action of the spiral grass cutter 15 and transported to the feeding channel 22, and the two-way variable pitch auger 24 is pressurized and transported to the discharge on both sides of the feeding channel 22.
  • the chopped weeds 29 are discharged from the discharge port 23 and fall between the seedlings 28, and the weeds 29 between the lines are buried, to suppress the photosynthesis of the weeds 29 to achieve weeding between the lines, because the seedlings 28 have The higher compressive strength is retained after the burial of the broken grass, so as to complete the weeding operation between rows and plants of paddy field seedlings.
  • the working process of the present invention the weeding machine of the present invention performs seedling weeding operations in the paddy field environment, the paddy field power chassis 1 adjusts and upgrades the hydraulic cylinder 2 to change the depth of the weeding operation, so that the weeding unit operates at a suitable working depth, and the paddy field power chassis 1 passes through
  • the transmission assembly transmits the power to the weeding unit, the weed collecting screw 19 rotates along the forward direction of the weeding machine, picks up the weeds 29 between the rows and feeds it to the grass cutting channel 16, and the grass cutting blade 15 is used for crushing.
  • the grass is transported to the feeding channel 22, and then pressurized and transported by the two-way variable pitch auger 24, and finally discharged from the discharge port 23 and dropped to the seedlings 28 to bury the weeds 29, and the seedlings 28 are retained. Weeding between rows and plants of rice seedlings.
  • a kind of above-mentioned paddy field seedling weeding machine and weeding method adopting the working mode of pulling weeds-breaking weeds-burying weeds, pulling weeds 29 between rows by a weed collecting screw 19, and cutting weeds 29 with a spiral grass cutter 15 , the two-way variable pitch auger 24 pressurizes and conveys the broken grass. Finally, the weeds 29 between the plants are buried with the broken grass, and the seedlings 28 are retained to realize the weeding between the rows and the plants of the paddy field seedlings. The weeding operation is thorough and the work efficiency is high. Weeding effect is good.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract

一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法，除草机包括水田动力底盘（1）、升降液压缸（2）、平行四边形悬挂架（3）、除草机架（5）、传动总成和除草单元，水田动力底盘通过平行四边形悬挂架及升降液压缸垂直调整除草机的工作深度，传动总成将动力传递至除草单元，除草单元用于拔取行间杂草并喂入至碎草通道，螺旋碎草刀用于切碎杂草并将其输送至送料通道，双向变螺距搅龙将碎草加压输送至送料通道出料口后排出，用于掩埋株间杂草；该除草机通过拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式去除株间杂草，保留秧苗，除草作业彻底、工作效率高、除草效果好。

Description

一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法 技术领域
本发明属于农业生产技术领域，涉及一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法。
背景技术
杂草是水田环境中一个不可避免的有害要素，与秧苗争夺生长空间、肥料养分、光照等资源，严重影响了水稻的产量和质量。据报道，每年由草害引起的水稻产量损失率在15％以上。化学药剂除草是目前应用最广泛的一种除草方式，具有快速、高效、经济等优点。但是，化学药剂的大量使用，带来了诸多如环境污染、农药农残等问题，发展非化学药剂除草技术，越来越受到政府支持与研究关注。
目前，非化学药剂除草方式仍以人工除草为主，由人工拔除杂草并将其丢弃至田垄，除草作业彻底、全程无污染。但是，人工除草方式作业效率低、用工成本高，水田秧苗除草急需机械化的作业机具来代替人工除草作业。对此，CN201910793095.X公开了一种自动化多行秧田除草机，采用叶片式除草轮拔除行间杂草，利用株间除草针组件拔除株间杂草。此外，CN201910624258.1、CN201811396769.4等还公开了一种耙齿式的行间除草装置，采用耙齿式除草轮拔除行间杂草。上述叶片式或耙齿式的除草装置均通过叶片或耙齿的旋转作用达到拔除杂草的目的，但这类装置的除草作业并不彻底。杂草通常具有较强的生命力，在被叶片或耙齿拔除后丢弃至水田环境可以复生，导致上述装置的除草效果并不理想。因此，开发一种能拔除杂草，并彻底杀死杂草活性的除草机械，实现水田秧苗的行间株间除草，很有必要性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的问题，提供一种水田秧苗除草机及除草方法，通过集草螺旋拔取行间杂草，利用螺旋碎草刀切碎杂草，由双向变螺 距搅龙对碎草进行加压输送，利用碎草对株间杂草进行掩埋，保留秧苗，通过拔草-碎草-埋草的方式实现水田秧苗行间株间除草，除草作业彻底、工作效率高、除草效果好。
本发明解决技术问题所采取的技术方案是：
一种水田秧苗除草机，包括水田动力底盘、升降液压缸、平行四边形悬挂架、除草机架、传动总成和除草单元，升降液压缸一端与水田动力底盘连接，另一端与平行四边形悬挂架连接，平行四边形悬挂架一端与水田动力底盘连接，另一端与除草机架连接，传动总成和除草单元均安装于除草机架上；
传动总成包括传动主轴、盖板、传动Ⅰ轴、传动Ⅱ轴、动力输入轴、传动Ⅲ轴、传动Ⅳ轴、除草单元主轴，传动主轴一端与水田动力底盘连接，另一端与动力输入轴连接，传动Ⅱ轴和传动Ⅲ轴分别通过链传动与动力输入轴相连，传动Ⅰ轴通过链传动与传动Ⅱ轴相连，传动Ⅳ轴通过链传动与传动Ⅲ轴相连，传动Ⅰ轴、传动Ⅱ轴、传动Ⅲ轴、传动Ⅳ轴分别通过链传动与除草单元主轴相连，盖板与除草机架连接；除草单元包括浮板架、浮板、除草单元主轴、螺旋碎草刀、碎草通道、除草单元架、蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ、集草螺旋、集草倒齿、集草螺旋轴、送料通道、出料口、双向变螺距搅龙、搅龙轴、蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ、送料轴，浮板架与除草机架连接，浮板与浮板架连接，除草单元主轴与碎草通道连接，碎草通道与除草单元架连接，除草单元架与除草机架连接，螺旋碎草刀与除草单元主轴连接，蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ一端与除草单元主轴连接，另一端与集草螺旋轴连接，集草螺旋与集草螺旋轴连接，集草倒齿安装于集草螺旋上，送料通道与碎草通道连接，出料口与送料通道连接，搅龙轴与送料通道连接，双向变螺距搅龙与搅龙轴连接，蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ一端与搅龙轴连接，另一端与送料轴连接，送料轴通过链传动与除草单元主轴相连。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，除草机架上安装有6～8组除草单元，浮板架上安装有4～6块浮板。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，集草螺旋包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋结构，螺旋结构上安装有4～8组集草倒齿，倒齿角度为50～70゜。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，螺旋碎草刀包括6～10组刀齿，刀齿呈螺旋结构。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，碎草通道内表面与螺旋碎草刀刀面间距在2-5mm， 以保证杂草的有效切割，碎草通道内表面为耐磨金属材质。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，双向变螺距搅龙包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋搅龙，其螺距为可变螺距，螺距由进料口至出料口逐渐减小。
一种水田秧苗行间株间除草方法，采用拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式，除草机通过升降液压缸调整除草作业深度，通过传动总成将水田动力底盘的动力传递至除草单元；工作时，除草单元在秧苗行间进行作业，通过集草螺旋的旋转作用拔取行间杂草，将其喂入至碎草通道，实现水田秧苗行间除草；杂草在螺旋碎草刀的旋切作用下被切碎并输送至送料通道，由双向变螺距搅龙加压输送至送料通道两侧的出料口，切碎后的杂草从出料口排出落至秧苗株间，对株间杂草进行掩埋，以抑制杂草的光合作用来实现株间除草，由于秧苗具有较高的抗压强度，在碎草掩埋作用后被保留下来，从而完成水田秧苗的行间和株间除草作业。
本发明的有益效果，除草机及除草方法采用一种拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式，通过集草螺旋拔取行间杂草，利用螺旋碎草刀将拔取的杂草切碎，通过双向变螺距搅龙将切碎后的杂草加压输送至出料口，对株间杂草进行掩埋，保留秧苗，实现水田秧苗的行间株间除草。拔草-碎草-埋草的除草方法彻底杀死杂草活性，解决了杂草复生的问题。本发明除草作业彻底、工作效率高、除草效果好。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是一种水田秧苗除草机的结构示意图；
图2是水田秧苗除草机的侧视图；
图3是水田秧苗除草机的主视图；
图4是水田秧苗除草机的传动系统示意图；
图5是除草机除草单元的结构示意图；
图6是除草机除草单元的结构剖视图；
图7是除草单元集草螺旋的结构示意图；
图8是除草单元螺旋碎草刀的结构示意图；
图9是除草单元双向变螺距搅龙的结构示意图；
图10是除草机的秧苗行间株间除草工作方法示意图；
图中：水田动力底盘1、升降液压缸2、平行四边形悬挂架3、传动主轴4、除草机架5、盖板6、浮板架7、浮板8、传动Ⅰ轴9、传动Ⅱ轴10、动力输入轴11、传动Ⅲ轴12、传动Ⅳ轴13、除草单元主轴14、螺旋碎草刀15、碎草通道16、除草单元架17、蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ18、集草螺旋19、集草倒齿20、集草螺旋轴21、送料通道22、出料口23、双向变螺距搅龙24、搅龙轴25、蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ26、送料轴27、秧苗28、杂草29。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图2和图3所示，一种水田秧苗除草机，包括水田动力底盘1、升降液压缸2、平行四边形悬挂架3、除草机架5、传动总成和除草单元，升降液压缸2一端与水田动力底盘1连接，另一端与平行四边形悬挂架3连接，除草机通过液压缸的往复运动来实现除草机架5的升降，平行四边形悬挂架3一端与水田动力底盘1连接，另一端与除草机架5连接，悬挂架采用平行四边形结构，使除草机架5在垂直方向进行升降，传动总成和除草单元均安装于除草机架5上；
如图4所示，传动总成包括传动主轴4、盖板6、传动Ⅰ轴9、传动Ⅱ轴10、动力输入轴11、传动Ⅲ轴12、传动Ⅳ轴13、除草单元主轴14，传动主轴4一端与水田动力底盘1连接，另一端与动力输入轴11连接，两端均通过万向节连接，传动Ⅱ轴10和传动Ⅲ轴12分别通过链传动与动力输入轴11相连，传动Ⅰ轴9通过链传动与传动Ⅱ轴10相连，传动Ⅳ轴13通过链传动与传动Ⅲ轴12相连，传动Ⅰ轴9、传动Ⅱ轴10、传动Ⅲ轴12、传动Ⅳ轴13分别通过链传动与除草单元主轴14相连，通过上述链传动连接，各除草单元的除草单元主轴14可保持同向等速旋转，盖板6与除草机架5连接，盖板6起到防护效果；
如图5和图6所示，除草单元包括浮板架7、浮板8、除草单元主轴14、螺旋碎草刀15、碎草通道16、除草单元架17、蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ18、集草螺旋19、集草倒齿20、集草螺旋轴21、送料通道22、出料口23、双向变螺距搅龙24、搅龙轴25、蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ26、送料轴27，浮板架7与除草机架5连接，浮板8与浮板架7连接，浮板8主要用于限制除草单元的作业深度，除草单元主轴14与 碎草通道16连接，碎草通道16与除草单元架17连接，位于集草螺旋19的后方，除草单元架17与除草机架5连接，螺旋碎草刀15与除草单元主轴14连接，位于碎草通道16内，通过旋切的方式将喂入的杂草29切碎，蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ18一端与除草单元主轴14连接，另一端与集草螺旋轴21连接，将除草单元主轴14的动力垂直传递至集草螺旋轴21，集草螺旋19与集草螺旋轴21连接，集草倒齿20安装于集草螺旋19上，行间杂草29在集草螺旋19和集草倒齿20的旋转作用下被拔取并喂入至碎草通道16内，送料通道22与碎草通道16连接，位于碎草通道16的下方，出料口23与送料通道22连接，搅龙轴25与送料通道22连接，双向变螺距搅龙24与搅龙轴25连接，蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ26一端与搅龙轴25连接，另一端与送料轴27连接，将送料轴27的动力垂直传递至搅龙轴25，送料轴27通过链传动与除草单元主轴14相连。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，除草机架5上安装有6～8组除草单元，浮板架7上安装有4～6块浮板8，可同时进行6～8行水田秧苗的除草作业。
如图7所示，所述的水田秧苗除草机，集草螺旋19包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋结构，螺旋结构上安装有4～8组集草倒齿20，倒齿角度为50～70゜，行间杂草29在集草螺旋19和集草倒齿20的旋转作用下被拔取，并在2组反方向旋转的螺旋结构作用下从两端向中间喂入至碎草通道16。
如图8所示，所述的水田秧苗除草机，螺旋碎草刀15包括6～10组刀齿，刀齿呈螺旋结构，螺旋碎草刀15通过刀齿的旋切作用将喂入的杂草29切碎，并沿螺旋方向将杂草29由外向内喂入至送料通道22。
所述的水田秧苗除草机，碎草通道16内表面与螺旋碎草刀15刀面间距在2-5mm，通过上述间距控制保证杂草29的有效切割，碎草通道16内表面为耐磨金属材质，提高碎草通道16的使用寿命。
如图9所示，所述的水田秧苗除草机，双向变螺距搅龙24包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋搅龙，其螺距为可变螺距，螺距由进料口至出料口逐渐减小，2组反方向旋转的螺旋搅龙将切碎后的杂草29从进料口输送至两端出料口，逐渐变小的螺距使螺旋搅龙在输送过程中对碎草进行压缩，提高了碎草的密度，以达到更好的掩埋效果。
如图10所示，一种水田秧苗行间株间除草方法，采用拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式，除草机通过升降液压缸2调整除草作业深度至合适的位置，通过传动总成将水田动力底盘1的动力传递至除草单元；工作时，除草单元在秧苗行间进行作业，通过集草螺旋19的旋转作用拔取行间杂草29，将其喂入至碎草通道16，实现水田秧苗28行间除草；杂草29在螺旋碎草刀15的旋切作用下被切碎并输送至送料通道22，由双向变螺距搅龙24加压输送至送料通道22两侧的出料口23，切碎后的杂草29从出料口23排出落至秧苗28株间，对株间杂草29进行掩埋，以抑制杂草29的光合作用来实现株间除草，由于秧苗28具有较高的抗压强度，在碎草掩埋作用后被保留下来，从而完成水田秧苗的行间和株间除草作业。
本发明的工作过程：本发明的除草机在水田环境下进行秧苗除草作业，水田动力底盘1调整升级液压缸2改变除草作业深度，使除草单元作业在一个合适的工作深度，水田动力底盘1通过传动总成将动力传递至除草单元，集草螺旋19顺着除草机的前进方向进行旋转作业，拔取行间杂草29并将其喂入至碎草通道16，由螺旋碎草刀15进行碎草后输送至送料通道22，进而通过双向变螺距搅龙24进行加压输送，最后由出料口23排出落至秧苗28株间对杂草29进行掩埋，而秧苗28被保留下来，从而完成水田秧苗的行间和株间除草。
一种如上所述的水田秧苗除草机及除草方法，采用拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式，通过集草螺旋19拔取行间杂草29，利用螺旋碎草刀15切碎杂草29，由双向变螺距搅龙24对碎草进行加压输送，最后用碎草将株间杂草29掩埋，保留秧苗28，实现水田秧苗的行间株间除草，除草作业彻底、工作效率高、除草效果好。
以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，除草机包括水田动力底盘(1)、升降液压缸(2)、平行四边形悬挂架(3)、除草机架(5)、传动总成和除草单元，升降液压缸(2)一端与水田动力底盘(1)连接，另一端与平行四边形悬挂架(3)连接，平行四边形悬挂架(3)一端与水田动力底盘(1)连接，另一端与除草机架(5)连接，传动总成和除草单元均安装于除草机架(5)上；传动总成包括传动主轴(4)、盖板(6)、传动Ⅰ轴(9)、传动Ⅱ轴(10)、动力输入轴(11)、传动Ⅲ轴(12)、传动Ⅳ轴(13)、除草单元主轴(14)，传动主轴(4)一端与水田动力底盘(1)连接，另一端与动力输入轴(11)连接，传动Ⅱ轴(10)和传动Ⅲ轴(12)分别通过链传动与动力输入轴(11)相连，传动Ⅰ轴(9)通过链传动与传动Ⅱ轴(10)相连，传动Ⅳ轴(13)通过链传动与传动Ⅲ轴(12)相连，传动Ⅰ轴(9)、传动Ⅱ轴(10)、传动Ⅲ轴(12)、传动Ⅳ轴(13)分别通过链传动与除草单元主轴(14)相连，盖板(6)与除草机架(5)连接；除草单元包括浮板架(7)、浮板(8)、除草单元主轴(14)、螺旋碎草刀(15)、碎草通道(16)、除草单元架(17)、蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ(18)、集草螺旋(19)、集草倒齿(20)、集草螺旋轴(21)、送料通道(22)、出料口(23)、双向变螺距搅龙(24)、搅龙轴(25)、蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ(26)、送料轴(27)，浮板架(7)与除草机架(5)连接，浮板(8)与浮板架(7)连接，除草单元主轴(14)与碎草通道(16)连接，碎草通道(16)与除草单元架(17)连接，除草单元架(17)与除草机架(5)连接，螺旋碎草刀(15)与除草单元主轴(14)连接，蜗杆传动箱Ⅰ(18)一端与除草单元主轴(14)连接，另一端与集草螺旋轴(21)连接，集草螺旋(19)与集草螺旋轴(21)连接，集草倒齿(20)安装于集草螺旋(19)上，送料通道(22)与碎草通道(16)连接，出料口(23)与送料通道(22)连接，搅龙轴(25)与送料通道(22)连接，双向变螺距搅龙(24)与搅龙轴(25)连接，蜗杆传动箱Ⅱ(26)一端与搅龙轴(25)连接，另一端与送料轴(27)连接，送料轴(27)通过链传动与除草单元主轴(14)相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，除草机架(5)上安装有6～8组除草单元，浮板架(7)上安装有4～6块浮板(8)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，集草螺旋(19)包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋结构，螺旋结构上安装有4～8组集草倒齿(20)，倒齿角度为50～70゜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，螺旋碎草刀(15)包括6～10组刀齿，刀齿呈螺旋结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，碎草通道(16)内表面与螺旋碎草刀(15)刀面间距在2-5mm，碎草通道(16)内表面为耐磨金属材质。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的水田秧苗除草机，其特征在于，双向变螺距搅龙(24)包括2组反方向旋转的螺旋搅龙，其螺距为可变螺距，螺距由进料口至出料口逐渐减小。
  7. 一种使用如权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述除草机的水田秧苗行间株间除草方法，其特征在于，采用拔草-碎草-埋草的工作方式，除草机通过升降液压缸(2)调整除草作业深度，通过传动总成将水田动力底盘(1)的动力传递至除草单元；工作时，除草单元在秧苗行间进行作业，通过集草螺旋(19)的旋转作用拔取行间杂草(29)，将其喂入至碎草通道(16)，实现水田秧苗(28)行间除草；杂草(29)在螺旋碎草刀(15)的旋切作用下被切碎并输送至送料通道(22)，由双向变螺距搅龙(24)加压输送至送料通道(22)两侧的出料口(23)，切碎后的杂草(29)从出料口(23)排出落至秧苗(28)株间，对株间杂草(29)进行掩埋，以抑制杂草(29)的光合作用来实现株间除草，由于秧苗(28)抗压强度高，在碎草掩埋作用后被保留下来，从而完成水田秧苗的行间和株间除草作业。
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