WO2022007331A1 - 声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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WO2022007331A1
WO2022007331A1 PCT/CN2020/136708 CN2020136708W WO2022007331A1 WO 2022007331 A1 WO2022007331 A1 WO 2022007331A1 CN 2020136708 W CN2020136708 W CN 2020136708W WO 2022007331 A1 WO2022007331 A1 WO 2022007331A1
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Prior art keywords
acoustic
filler
containing styrene
expandable
adjustment material
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PCT/CN2020/136708
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘泉泉
姚阳阳
凌风光
李春
刘春发
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2487/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, and more particularly, to an acoustic adjustment material for a sound-generating device, a filling method, a sound-generating device and electronic equipment.
  • a sound-generating device such as a receiver or a speaker, usually includes a housing and a sound-generating unit accommodated in the housing.
  • the sound-generating unit divides the cavity in the casing into a front acoustic cavity and a rear acoustic cavity.
  • the front acoustic cavity is communicated with the sound outlet hole, and the sound waves generated by the sounding unit are radiated from the front acoustic cavity.
  • the rear acoustic cavity is communicated with the sounding unit.
  • the vibrating airflow on the opposite side of the sound wave can radiate into the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the rear cavity is used to adjust the low frequency effect of the sound-generating device.
  • sound-absorbing particles are usually filled in the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the sound-absorbing particles can adsorb and desorb the vibrating gas, so that the low-frequency effect of the sound-emitting device is better.
  • the sound-absorbing particles will collide with each other, resulting in fragmentation.
  • crushing will generate dust, and the dust will enter the sound-emitting unit, which will cause the sound-emitting unit to work abnormally.
  • the fragmentation of the sound-absorbing particles will increase the F0 of the sound-generating device, resulting in poorer low-frequency effects.
  • Chinese utility model patent ZL201921855579.4 discloses a filler for a loudspeaker, the filler includes an expandable filler and an acoustic filler, wherein the expandable filler can permanently expand from a first size to a second size when the expansion is triggered, and the acoustic filler Plays a fixed role, improves the sound quality in different directions, and can reduce the movement of the acoustic filler to avoid flow noise (paragraph 0007).
  • the expandable filler permanently expands from the initial first size to the fixed second size, the size does not change, and the size is also constant during the application process. Effective adjustment reduces the suitability of expandable fillers.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for the acoustic adjustment material of the sound generating device.
  • an acoustic adjustment material for a sound generating device.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes: an expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene chains and an acoustic improvement filler, and the expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene chains is foamed under a triggered condition , become a foam buffer filler to buffer the movement of the acoustic improvement filler, and the volume of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments after foaming varies with temperature and/or foaming time and change.
  • the molecular chain of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene units contains styrene units, and the molecular structure of the styrene units is -CH(C6H5)-CH2-.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene segments includes expandable polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and styrene-butadiene-styrene intercalation. At least one high molecular polymer in the segmented copolymer.
  • the acoustic-improving filler is a material with acoustic properties made of one or more of activated carbon, zeolite powder, silica, porous alumina, molecular sieve, and metal-organic framework material.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is in the form of particles, flakes or blocks.
  • the density of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is 0.005g/mL-0.5g/mL.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments is granular, and after foaming, the physical size of the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments is 0.1 mm-20mm.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene segments includes a high molecular polymer material and a foaming agent mixed together, wherein the foaming agent comprises a low-boiling alkane.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is triggered by at least one of thermal radiation, light radiation, and electromagnetic radiation.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments accounts for 0.01%-30% of the total volume of the acoustic adjustment material; after foaming, the volume of the foam buffer filler accounts for the acoustic 0.05%-60% of the total volume of the conditioning material.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments accounts for 0.1%-10% of the total volume of the acoustic adjustment material; after foaming, the volume of the foam buffer filler accounts for the acoustic Adjust 5%-50% of the total volume of the material.
  • the foam cushioning filler formed by the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments forms cushioning for the acoustically improving filler.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is increased by 2-150 times.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is increased by 3-100 times.
  • the foaming process of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments includes a first foaming stage and a second foaming stage, and the first foaming stage obtains a first foam buffer. Filler, the second foaming stage obtains the second foam buffer filler.
  • the volume of the second foam buffer filler is 1-25 times the volume of the first foam buffer filler.
  • a sound producing device includes a housing, a sound-generating unit, and the above-mentioned acoustic adjustment material of the sound-generating device.
  • the interior of the housing forms a cavity, the cavity includes a rear acoustic cavity, and the sound-generating unit is arranged in the cavity,
  • the sound-generating unit communicates with the rear acoustic cavity, the rear acoustic cavity includes a filling area, and the acoustic adjustment material is arranged in the filling area.
  • the filling rate of the acoustic adjustment material in the filling area is 40%-95%.
  • both the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments and the acoustically improving filler are particulate materials
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene chain links and the acoustic improving filler are mixed and filled in the filling area.
  • both the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments and the acoustically improving filler are bulk materials
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments and the acoustic improving filler are alternately arranged; or the bulk expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments and the block in the same layer
  • the acoustic-improving fillers are distributed in a matrix, and the expandable polymer fillers containing styrene links and the acoustic-improving fillers are staggered.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments forms a lattice structure
  • the acoustically improved filler is filled with the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments.
  • the acoustic-improving filler forms a lattice structure
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene segments is filled in the gaps formed by the acoustic-improving filler.
  • a filling method of an acoustic adjustment material of a sound generating device is provided.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is arranged in the filling area of the rear acoustic cavity of the sound generating device in any of the following ways:
  • the acoustic adjustment material is in the form of granules, and the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene chain segments is first filled into the filling area, and then the acoustic improvement filler is filled into the filling area;
  • the acoustic adjustment material is granular, and the acoustic improvement filler is first filled into the filling area, and then the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene chain segments is filled into the filling area;
  • the acoustic adjustment material is in the form of particles.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene links and the acoustic improvement filler are mixed, and then the mixed expandable polymer containing styrene links is mixed. Filling and acoustically improving fillers are filled into the filling zone;
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is arranged on at least one wall of the filling area to form an expandable polymer filler layer containing styrene segments, and then the acoustic Improved filler filling into the filling zone.
  • an electronic device includes the above-mentioned sound generating device.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes an expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene segments and an acoustic improving filler.
  • the foaming of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene links becomes a foamed foam, and the foamed foam provides a buffering effect on the flow and collision of the acoustically improved filler.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene links greatly reduces the risk of breakage of the acoustic-improving filler, and improves the durability and service life of the acoustic-modulating material.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unfoamed state of a granular acoustic adjustment material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a foamed state of a granular acoustic adjustment material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an unfoamed state of a bulk acoustic adjustment material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a foamed state of a block acoustic adjustment material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an unfoamed state of a matrix-distributed bulk acoustic adjustment material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an unfilled state of the acoustic adjustment material of the grid structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 11 shell; 12: sound-emitting monomer; 13: gap; 14: expandable polymer filler containing styrene links; 15: acoustic-improving filler; 16: rear acoustic cavity.
  • the acoustic adjustment material for a sound generating device.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes: an expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments and an acoustic improving filler 15 .
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links is foamed under the condition of being triggered to become a foam buffer filler, so as to buffer the movement of the acoustic improvement filler 15.
  • the foamed volume of the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 of vinyl links varies with temperature and/or foaming time.
  • the degree of buffering of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments during the movement and collision can be flexibly controlled by the foaming temperature and time of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments.
  • the temperature increases, and the damping of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments increases, and the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments increases.
  • the buffering capacity of the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 of styrene segments is enhanced. Within the set time, the higher the temperature, the larger the volume of the foam cushioning filler; under the set temperature, the longer the foaming time, the larger the volume of the foam cushioning filler.
  • the foam buffer filler When the sound-generating device is impacted by an external force, the foam buffer filler provides a buffer force for the flow and collision of the acoustic-improving filler, and reduces the collision probability of the acoustic-improving filler. In this way, the risk of crushing of the acoustically-improving filler is greatly reduced, and the durability and service life of the acoustically-modifying material is improved.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene units refers to a polymer material that can foam under a set trigger condition. Under the untriggered condition, the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments has a smaller volume. This enables the material to be easily filled into a given cavity (eg, the filling area of the rear acoustic cavity). The material foams under triggered conditions, providing cushioning when the acoustically-improving filler collides.
  • the molecular chain of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments contains styrene segments, and the molecular structure of the styrene segments is -CH(C6H5)-CH2-.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler containing styrene links includes expandable polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and styrene-butadiene-benzene At least one high molecular polymer in an ethylene block copolymer (SBS). All of the above materials can be triggered by thermal radiation to foam. Moreover, at different trigger temperatures, the volume after foaming is different, and the volume will change with the temperature change during the application process.
  • the acoustic-improving filler 15 refers to a porous material capable of adsorbing and desorbing vibrating gas.
  • acoustic adjustment materials include acoustic performance materials made of one or more of activated carbon, zeolite powder, silica, porous alumina, molecular sieves, metal-organic framework materials, and the like.
  • the acoustic-improving filler 15 may be in the form of granules, flakes, blocks, or the like.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is spherical, quasi-spherical, rod-shaped, cylindrical, square or radial.
  • the above shape has good filling effect and high filling rate.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes an expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene links and an acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene chain links is foamed under the condition of being triggered to become a foam buffer filler, so as to buffer the movement of the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the acoustic-improving filler 15 is less likely to collide. In this way, the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links greatly reduces the risk of breakage of the acoustic improvement filler 15, and improves the durability and service life of the acoustic adjustment material.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments forms cells after foaming.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer material containing styrene links has elasticity, and the cells can change the volume according to the change of the external pressure, so as to form a buffering effect on the movement of the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can effectively buffer the flow and collision of the acoustically improved filler 15 .
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links can effectively buffer the vibration of the acoustic adjustment material when the sound-generating device operates at high power.
  • the cells provide buffer force for the acoustic improvement filler 15, and the gas in the cells is stagnant and compressed, so that the external energy is consumed and dissipated.
  • the cells gradually terminate the impact load with a small negative acceleration, so the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links has a good shockproof effect.
  • different triggering temperatures enable the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments to change the volume of foaming, thereby adapting to different application environments, which makes the acoustic adjustment material more weather-resistant and adaptable.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene chain units includes an expandable high molecular polymer material containing styrene units and a foaming agent mixed together, wherein the Blowing agents include low boiling alkanes.
  • low boiling alkanes have a boiling point of 30°C to 40°C.
  • the expandable polymer material containing styrene segments and a blowing agent are mixed together.
  • the expandable polymer materials containing styrene segments are polymerized together and mixed with the blowing agent.
  • the process of the method is simple, and the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be formed in one reaction.
  • the low-boiling alkane includes at least one of petroleum ether, butane, pentane, and the like. All of these materials can be volatilized under the set trigger conditions, thereby forming cells in the interior of the expandable polymer material containing styrene segments. A plurality of cells form a foam.
  • foaming agents are not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can select them according to actual needs.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene units is at least one of expandable PS, ABS, SBS and other high molecular polymers. All the above-mentioned expandable polymer fillers 14 containing styrene segments can foam in volume under a set trigger condition, thereby buffering the movement of the acoustically improved filler 15 .
  • expandable polystyrene includes polystyrene and a blowing agent mixed together.
  • expandable polystyrene filler has the characteristics of light weight, no water absorption, anti-aging, strong corrosion performance, strong toughness, non-toxic and non-polluting.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is in the form of particles or lamellae. The flow of these materials is good and filling in the cavity is easy.
  • the granular or lamellar expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is prepared into a predetermined shape, and then filled into the filling area of the rear acoustic cavity 16 of the sound generating device.
  • one of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links and the acoustic improving filler 15 is prepared into a set three-dimensional structure, and the other is filled into the three-dimensional structure in a granular or lamellar form. within the gap.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is in the form of particles. After foaming, the physical size of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is 0.1 mm-20 mm.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments has a good buffering effect on the acoustic improving filler 15, and a good buffering effect on the cells.
  • the size of the particles is moderate and will not block the airflow channel of the acoustic improving filler 15, and the acoustic adjusting material has good adsorption and desorption effects on the vibrating airflow.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments is in the form of particles, and after foaming, the physical size of the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is 0.5 mm-2mm. Within this range, the foaming effect of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments to form cells is better for the acoustic-improving filler.
  • the density of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is 0.2 g/mL to 1.5 g/mL. Within this density range, the overall density of the acoustic adjustment material is small, which makes the overall weight of the sound emitting device light.
  • the density of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is 0.5g/mL-1.0g/mL, and within this range, the acoustic adjustment material has little influence on the overall weight of the sound-emitting device.
  • the density of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is 0.005g/mL-0.5g/mL.
  • the foam cushioning filler has good cushioning effect on the acoustic improvement filler, high structural strength and good durability.
  • the density of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is 0.01 g/mL-0.05 g/mL.
  • the foam cushioning filler has a better cushioning effect on the acoustic-improving filler.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is triggered by at least one of thermal radiation, light radiation, and electromagnetic radiation. Under the above radiation conditions, the foaming agent in the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links volatilizes and the volume becomes larger, and cells are formed in the expandable polymer material containing styrene links , so that the foaming of the expandable polymer material containing styrene links.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be increased to an appropriate value.
  • the foaming ratio of the expanded polymer filler 14 is small, and the effect of buffering the acoustic-improving filler 15 is not achieved.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene units can be increased to an appropriate value, and the higher the temperature, the easier the cell rupture; The lower the temperature, the smaller the foamed volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments, and the effect of buffering the acoustically improving filler 15 is not achieved.
  • the cells in the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments are not ruptured.
  • the foaming agent in the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is triggered by means of ultraviolet irradiation.
  • the blowing agent is heated, the volume becomes larger, thereby forming cells in the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments.
  • the acoustic modulation material is heated under the action of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the blowing agent volatilizes, thereby forming cells in the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments.
  • the above triggering method is easy to operate and has strong controllability of the size of the cells.
  • the triggering method of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments accounts for 0.01%-30% of the total volume of the acoustic adjustment material; after foaming, the expandable polymer fillers containing styrene segments The volume ratio of the expandable polymer filler 14 to the acoustic adjustment material is 0.05%-60%.
  • the proportion of the acoustic improvement filler is large, which can ensure that the acoustic improvement filler is uniformly dispersed in the cavity.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can form channels after foaming, so that the vibrating gas can easily enter, Therefore, the sound absorption effect of the acoustic adjustment material is significantly improved.
  • the acoustic improvement filler 15 Due to the buffering effect of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments, the acoustic improvement filler 15 has a good shape-retaining effect and good durability.
  • the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments accounts for 0.1%-10% of the total volume of the acoustic adjustment material; after foaming, the volume of the foam buffer filler accounts for the acoustic adjustment material. 5%-50% of the total volume of the material. Within this range, the sound absorption effect of the acoustic adjustment material is better and the durability is better.
  • the mass of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments accounts for 0.1%-20% of the total mass of the acoustic adjustment material. Within this range, a relatively high filling rate in the cavity can be achieved with less expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments.
  • the mass of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments accounts for 1%-5% of the total mass of the acoustic adjustment material. Within this range, the durability of the acoustic adjustment material is good, and the effect of adsorbing and desorbing the vibrating gas is good.
  • the foaming process of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments includes a first foaming stage and a second foaming stage, and the first foaming stage obtains the first foaming stage.
  • a foam cushioning filler, and the second foaming stage obtains a second foam cushioning filler.
  • the buffering effect of the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be flexibly controlled by the staged foaming of the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments.
  • the foamed volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments varies with different temperatures and/or foaming times.
  • the first foam buffer filler will undergo a second-stage foaming process with the change of use temperature.
  • foaming Volume is different.
  • the first foam buffer filler occupies the volume of the back cavity, it has a certain inhibitory effect on the acoustic improvement effect.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is foamed in the first stage, and the first foam buffer filler provides a certain buffer effect.
  • the adhesive of the acoustic improvement filler will age, the strength will deteriorate, and the acoustic improvement filler will be easily broken.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is also easier to continue to foam, further improving the damping characteristics of the surface of the first foam cushioning filler, and providing a buffer for the collision of the acoustically improved filler , thereby reducing the fragmentation of the acoustically improved filler.
  • the acoustic-improving filler adhesive will slowly age over time, resulting in a loss of strength.
  • the volume of the first foam buffer filler is also slowly changing, the surface damping properties are increased, and the buffer capacity is enhanced.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be In the second stage, the foaming changes, the damping is enhanced, and the buffering effect is improved, which effectively avoids the fragile phenomenon caused by the deterioration of the acoustic improvement filler.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments after foaming varies with the foaming temperature and/or foaming time.
  • the damping of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments increases, and the buffering capacity of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments increases; within a certain temperature range
  • the damping of the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments increases, and the buffering capacity of the expandable macromolecular polymer filler containing styrene segments increases. Therefore, the degree of foaming of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be controlled by the foaming temperature and/or the foaming time.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is used in the sound-emitting device, if the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments has been foamed to the maximum foaming volume, the acoustics are improved. The strength of the filler 15 will be weakened during long-term high temperature use, and there is still a risk of breakage.
  • the first foam buffer filler is obtained by subjecting the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments through the first foaming stage, and the first foam buffer filler is not foamed to the maximum foaming volume, it will contain
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 with styrene links is used in the sound-generating device. During the long-term high-temperature use of the sound-generating device, the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments will undergo the first step at high temperature.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can continue to foam, and the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can also be expanded after the volume increases.
  • the acoustic improvement filler 15 serves as a further buffer to ensure the service life of the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments may frequently undergo multiple high-temperature foaming processes. Therefore, the second foaming stage here does not only refer to one.
  • the foaming stage may also include multiple foaming stages. For example, when the sound-generating device is operated for a long time and with high power, a higher temperature will be generated inside the sound-generating device. At this time, the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be in the foaming stage. The expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments will undergo multiple foaming processes during long-term and high-power operation.
  • the volume of the second foam buffer filler is 1-25 times the volume of the first foam buffer filler.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments continues to undergo the second-stage foaming.
  • the volume of the expanded polymer filler 14 can be further increased.
  • the physical size of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can be comparable to the physical size of the acoustic improving filler 15, which facilitates the polymerization of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments
  • the physical size of the filler 14 and the filler 15 for improving the acoustics can be mixed evenly; the physical size of the filler 14 containing styrene links can also be larger or smaller than the physical size of the filler 15 for improving the acoustics, which is convenient for improving the performance of the acoustic adjustment material. filling amount.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is significantly increased, and the density is significantly reduced, which can provide a significant buffering effect on the acoustic-improving filler 15 when it moves and collides.
  • a sound producing device includes a housing 11 , a sound-generating unit 12 and the acoustic adjustment material of the sound-generating device provided by the present disclosure.
  • the interior of the housing 11 forms a cavity.
  • the cavity includes a rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • the rear acoustic cavity 16 includes the filling area.
  • the filling area may be the entire rear acoustic cavity 16 , or may be a part of the space of the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • the sounding unit 12 is arranged in the cavity.
  • the sound generating unit 12 communicates with the rear sound cavity 16 .
  • the acoustic adjustment material is disposed within the filling zone.
  • the sounding device has the characteristics of good sounding effect, good low frequency effect and good durability.
  • the fill rate of the acoustic modulating material in the filling zone is 50%-95% in an untriggered condition.
  • the foaming of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can provide a buffering effect on the flow and collision of the acoustically improved filler.
  • the filling rate of the acoustic adjustment material in the filling area is 60%-85% under the condition of not being triggered.
  • the acoustic adjustment material can better play a buffering role, and can provide buffers for the flow and collision of the acoustic improvement filler, and prevent the acoustic improvement filler from breaking.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene chain units and the acoustic improving filler 15 are both bulk materials.
  • the expandable polymer fillers 14 containing styrene segments and the acoustically improving fillers 15 are alternately arranged.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments in the arrangement direction of the two fillers can effectively squeeze the acoustic improvement filler 15, so that the acoustic improvement filler 15 can effectively buffer.
  • the bulk expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links and the bulk acoustic improving filler 15 in the same layer are distributed in a matrix and contain styrene chains
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 and the acoustic improvement filler 15 of the nodes are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments can effectively squeeze the acoustic improvement filler 15 in all directions in the same layer, thereby effectively buffering the acoustic improvement filler 15 sports.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments forms a lattice structure.
  • the acoustic-improving filler 15 is filled in the gap 13 formed by the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments.
  • the acoustic improving filler 15 forms a grid structure.
  • the expandable high molecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is filled in the gap 13 formed by the acoustic improving filler 15 .
  • the grid cells of the grid structure are rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular, or rhombic.
  • the grid structure makes the structure of the acoustic adjustment material regular, and the stability and consistency of the adsorption and desorption of the vibrating gas are good.
  • the shell 11 When filling, the shell 11 is opened, and the grid structure is first placed in the filling area; then, the acoustic improvement filler 15 or the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene links is filled in the grid structure In the formed gap 13; next, the shell 11 is closed; finally, the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is foamed by means of heat radiation or the like.
  • All of the above filling methods can realize the foaming of the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments after triggering, and then squeeze the acoustic improving filler 15 to form a buffering effect.
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments increases by 2-100 times.
  • the foam cushioning filler has a good cushioning effect on the acoustic-improving filler 15 .
  • the volume of the expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is increased by 3-50 times.
  • the cushioning force of the foam cushioning filler is moderate, and the cushioning effect is better.
  • a filling method of an acoustic adjustment material is provided.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is arranged in the filling area of the rear acoustic cavity of the sound generating device in any of the following ways:
  • the acoustic modulating material is disposed within the filling zone in any of the following ways:
  • the acoustic adjustment material is in the form of particles.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene chain links is first filled into the filling area, and then the acoustic improving filler 15 is filled into the filling area.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a filling hole. During filling, the granules are filled from the filling hole into the filling zone. It is possible that the acoustic improving filler 15 employs particles of different physical sizes.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene links also adopts particles of different physical sizes, so that the filling rate of the acoustic adjustment material in the filling area is high.
  • both the acoustic improving filler 15 and the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments use particles of the same physical size, so as to ensure the consistency of the acoustic adjustment material.
  • the acoustic modulation material is in granular form.
  • the acoustic improvement filler 15 is first filled into the filling area, and then the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene chain segments is filled into the filling area. Likewise, during filling, the granules are filled from the filling hole into the filling zone. It is possible that the acoustic improving filler 15 employs particles of different physical sizes.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene links also adopts particles of different physical sizes, so that the filling rate of the acoustic adjustment material in the filling area is high.
  • the acoustic modulation material is in granular form.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments and the acoustic improving filler 15 are first mixed, and then the mixed expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments is mixed 14 and the acoustically improving filler 15 are filled into the filling zone.
  • the granules are filled from the filling hole into the filling zone.
  • the acoustic improving filler 15 employs particles of different physical sizes.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene links also adopts particles of different physical sizes, so that the filling rate of the acoustic adjustment material in the filling area is high.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments is disposed on at least one wall of the filling area, so as to form an expandable polymer filler containing styrene segments.
  • the acoustic modulation material may be in granular or lamellar form.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler 14 containing styrene links is bonded to at least one wall of the filling area by using an adhesive.
  • the acoustic improving filler 15 is then filled into the filling zone.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments in the wall portion is foamed, so as to squeeze the acoustic improvement filler 15 to buffer the movement of the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the foamed expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments plays a buffering role for the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • an expandable high molecular polymer filler layer containing styrene segments is formed on two opposite walls of the cavity.
  • the expandable polymer filler 14 containing styrene segments in the two walls is foamed, so that the acoustic improvement filler 15 is squeezed in two opposite directions, which makes the foam body
  • the cushioning filler has a better cushioning effect on the acoustic improvement filler 15 .
  • the expandable polymer filler layer containing styrene segments after foaming forms a buffering effect on the opposite sides of the acoustic improvement filler 15, which makes the acoustic adjustment material more durable.
  • an expandable polymer filler layer containing styrene segments is formed on all the walls of the cavity.
  • the expandable macromolecular polymer filler layer containing styrene chain units forms a buffering effect in any direction of the acoustic improving filler 15, which makes the acoustic adjusting material more durable.
  • an electronic device can be, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablet computers, smart watches, game consoles, learning machines, and the like.
  • the electronic device includes the sound generating device of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device is characterized by good acoustics.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes acoustic improving filler 15 and expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the material of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the mass fraction of expandable polystyrene filler is 3%.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module.
  • the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 16 of the micro speaker module is 0.4cc.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is mixed and filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • the micro speaker module is placed in an oven and heated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 100° C. to foam the expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the foamed foam has a physical size of 1.5 mm, a density of 0.02 g/mL, and the volume of the foam accounts for 20% of the volume of the acoustic material filling mixture.
  • the acoustic tuning material and speaker module are consistent with the embodiment.
  • the expandable polystyrene filler was not triggered.
  • the material of the acoustic adjustment material is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module. This module is the same model as the module used in the embodiment.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • F0 test Test the frequency response curves of the three micro-speaker modules respectively, and obtain the F0 of the three micro-speaker modules.
  • the acoustic adjustment materials of the three miniature speaker modules are taken out, and the particle integrity of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is observed.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes acoustic improving filler 15 and expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the material of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the mass fraction of expandable polystyrene filler is 3%.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module.
  • the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 16 of the micro speaker module is 0.4cc.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is mixed and filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • the micro speaker module is placed in an oven and heated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 100° C. to foam the expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the physical size of the foam becomes 0.4 mm, the density is 0.03 g/mL, and the volume of the foam accounts for 8% of the volume of the acoustic material filling mixture.
  • the acoustic tuning material and speaker module are consistent with the embodiment.
  • the expandable polystyrene filler was not triggered.
  • the material of the acoustic adjustment material is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module. This module is the same model as the module used in the embodiment.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • F0 test Test the frequency response curves of the three micro-speaker modules respectively, and obtain the F0 of the three micro-speaker modules.
  • the acoustic adjustment materials of the three miniature speaker modules are taken out, and the particle integrity of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is observed.
  • the acoustic adjustment material includes acoustic improving filler 15 and expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the material of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the mass fraction of expandable polystyrene filler is 0.5%.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module.
  • the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 16 of the micro speaker module is 0.4cc.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is mixed and filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • the micro speaker module is placed in an oven and heated for 20 minutes at a temperature of 100° C. to foam the expandable polystyrene filler.
  • the physical size of the foam becomes 20 mm, the density is 0.09 g/mL, and the volume of the foam accounts for 48% of the volume of the acoustic material filling mixture.
  • the acoustic tuning material and speaker module are consistent with the embodiment.
  • the expandable polystyrene filler was not triggered.
  • the material of the acoustic adjustment material is zeolite, the physical size is 0.3mm-0.5mm, and the density is 0.5g/mL.
  • the sound generating device is a miniature speaker module. This module is the same model as the module used in the embodiment.
  • the acoustic adjustment material is filled into the rear acoustic cavity 16 .
  • F0 test Test the frequency response curves of the three micro-speaker modules respectively, and obtain the F0 of the three micro-speaker modules.
  • the acoustic adjustment materials of the three miniature speaker modules are taken out, and the particle integrity of the acoustic improvement filler 15 is observed.
  • Example 3 It can be seen from Table 5 that the F0 of the speaker of Example 3 is 27 Hz lower than that of Comparative Example 6. This shows that in Example 3, the expandable polystyrene occupies a larger volume of the cavity after foaming, which affects the low-frequency acoustic performance of the speaker module.

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Abstract

一种声学调节材料、发声装置、填充方法及电子设备。声学调节材料包括：含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料在被触发的条件下进行发泡，成为泡沫体缓冲填料，以对所述声学改善填料在移动碰撞时提供缓冲作用，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料发泡后的体积随温度和/或发泡时间的变化而变化，温度升高时阻尼增大，缓冲能力增强。通过这种方式，大大降低了声学改善填料破碎的风险，提高了声学调节材料的耐用性和使用寿命。

Description

声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种发声装置的声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备。
背景技术
发声装置例如受话器或者扬声器，通常包括壳体、收容在所述壳体内的发声单体。发声单体将壳体内的腔体分隔为前声腔和后声腔。前声腔与出声孔连通，发声单体产生的声波从前声腔辐射出。后声腔与发声单体连通。声波相对侧的振动气流能够辐射到后声腔内。后声腔用于调节发声装置的低频效果。
为了更好地调节低频效果，通常在后声腔内填充有吸音颗粒。吸音颗粒能够吸附、脱附振动气体，从而使得发声装置的低频效果更好。
然而，在工作过程中，吸音颗粒会相互碰撞，而导致破碎。一方面，破碎会产生粉尘，粉尘进入发声单体，会造成发声单体工作不正常。另一方面，吸音颗粒破碎会使得发声装置的F0升高，造成低频效果变差。
中国实用新型专利ZL201921855579.4公开了一种用于扬声器的填料，该填料包括可膨胀填料和声学填料，其中可膨胀填料可以在膨胀触发时从第一尺寸永久膨胀至第二尺寸，对声学填料起到固定作用，改善不同方向的声音质量，并且可以减小声学填料的移动，以免产生流噪(0007段)。但该可膨胀填料在膨胀触发时从初始的第一尺寸永久膨胀至固定的第二尺寸，尺寸不再变化，应用过程中尺寸也是恒定的，无法根据不同的使用环境条件对于膨胀填料的膨胀程度进行有效调节，降低了可膨胀填料的适用性。
因此，需要提供一种新的技术方案，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种发声装置的声学调节材料的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种发声装置的声学调节材料。该声学调节材料包括：含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料在被触发的条件下进行发泡，成为泡沫体缓冲填料，以对所述声学改善填料的运动进行缓冲，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料发泡后的体积随温度和/或发泡时间的变化而变化。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的分子链中含有苯乙烯链节，所述苯乙烯链节的分子结构为-CH(C6H5)-CH2-。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料包括可发性聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的至少一种高分子聚合物。
可选地，所述声学改善填料为活性炭、沸石粉、二氧化硅、多孔氧化铝、分子筛、金属-有机框架材料中的一种或多种制成的具有声学性能的材料。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为颗粒状、片状或者块状。
可选地，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的密度为0.005g/mL-0.5g/mL。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为颗粒状，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的物理尺寸为0.1mm-20mm。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料包括混合在一起的高分子聚合物材料和发泡剂，其中，所述发泡剂包括低沸点的烷烃。
可选地，通过热辐射、光辐射、电磁辐射中的至少一种使所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料触发。
可选地，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占 声学调节材料的总体积的0.01％-30％；发泡后，泡沫体缓冲填料的体积占声学调节材料的总体积的0.05％-60％。
可选地，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占声学调节材料的总体积的0.1％-10％；发泡后，泡沫体缓冲填料的体积占声学调节材料的总体积的5％-50％。
可选地，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成的泡沫体缓冲填料对所述声学改善填料形成缓冲。
可选地，发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的体积增大2-150倍。
可选地，发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的体积增大3-100倍。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的发泡过程包括第一发泡阶段和第二发泡阶段，所述第一发泡阶段得到第一泡沫体缓冲填料，所述第二发泡阶段得到第二泡沫体缓冲填料。
可选地，所述第二泡沫体缓冲填料的体积为所述第一泡沫体缓冲填料体积的1-25倍。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括壳体、发声单体和上述的发声装置的声学调节材料，所述壳体的内部形成腔体，所述腔体包括后声腔，所述发声单体设置在所述腔体内，所述发声单体与所述后声腔连通，所述后声腔包括灌装区，所述声学调节材料设置在所述灌装区内。
可选地，发泡前，所述声学调节材料在所述灌装区内的填充率为40％-95％。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和所述声学改善填料均为颗粒状材料，
所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料与所述声学改善填料混合填充于灌装区内。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和所述声学改善填料均为块状材料，
所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料与所述声学改善填料交替设置；或者在同一层的块状的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和块状的声学改善填料呈矩阵分布，并且含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料交错设置。
可选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成格栅结构，所述声学改善填料填充在所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成的间隙内；或者所述声学改善填料形成格栅结构，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料填充在所述声学改善填料形成的间隙内。
根据本公开的第三方面，提供了一种发声装置的声学调节材料的填充方法。声学调节材料以下列任意方式设置在所述发声装置的后声腔的灌装区内：
所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料填充到所述灌装区内，再将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内；
所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内，再将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料填充到所述灌装区内；
所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料进行混合，再将混合后的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料填充到灌装区内；
先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料设置在所述灌装区的至少一个壁部，以形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层，然后将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内。
根据本公开的第四方面，提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备包括上述的发声装置。
根据本公开的一个实施例，声学调节材料包括含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料。在被触发后，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的发泡，成为发泡体泡沫，发泡体泡沫对声学改善填料的流动、碰撞提供缓冲作用。在发声装置工作过程中，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料大大降低了声学改善填料破碎的风险，提高了声学调节材料的耐用性和使用寿命。通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例 性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本公开实施例的颗粒状声学调节材料未发泡状态的示意图。
图2是根据本公开实施例的颗粒状声学调节材料发泡状态的示意图。
图3是根据本公开实施例的块状声学调节材料未发泡状态的示意图。
图4是根据本公开实施例的块状声学调节材料发泡状态的示意图。
图5是根据本公开实施例的矩阵分布的块状声学调节材料未发泡状态的示意图。
图6是根据本公开实施例的格栅结构声学调节材料未填充状态的示意图。
附图标记说明：
11：壳体；12：发声单体；13：间隙；14：含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料；15：声学改善填料；16：后声腔。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一 旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置的声学调节材料。如图1-图2所示，该声学调节材料包括：含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和声学改善填料15。所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在被触发的条件下进行发泡，成为泡沫体缓冲填料，以对所述声学改善填料15的运动进行缓冲，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡的体积随温度和/或发泡时间的变化而变化。
可以通过所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡的温度和时间来灵活控制其对所述声学改善填料15在移动碰撞时的缓冲程度。所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡时，温度升高，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的阻尼增大，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的缓冲能力增强。在设定的时间内，温度越高则泡沫体缓冲填料体积越大；在设定的温度下，发泡时间越长则泡沫体缓冲填料体积越大。
在发声装置受外力冲击时，泡沫体缓冲填料为声学改善填料的流动、碰撞提供缓冲力，降低了声学改善填料的碰撞几率。通过这种方式，大大降低了声学改善填料破碎的风险，提高了声学调节材料的耐用性和使用寿命。
含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14是指在设定的触发条件下，能发生发泡的聚合物材料。在未被触发的条件下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14具有较小的体积。这使得该材料能被容易地填充到设定的腔体(例如，后声腔的灌装区)内。在被触发的条件下该材料发泡，从而为声学改善填料碰撞时提供缓冲。
所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的分子链中含有苯乙烯链节，所述苯乙烯链节的分子结构为-CH(C6H5)-CH2-。所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料包括可发性聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS) 中的至少一种高分子聚合物。上述材料均能在热辐射的条件下被触发，从而发泡。并且，在不同的触发温度下，发泡后的体积不同，并随应用过程中温度的变化，体积会发生变化。
声学改善填料15是指能够吸附和脱附振动气体的多孔材料。例如，声学调节材料包括活性炭、沸石粉、二氧化硅、多孔氧化铝、分子筛、金属-有机框架材料等其中一种或多种制成的声学性能材料。声学改善填料15可以为颗粒状、片状或者块状等。
具体地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为球形、类球形、棒状、圆柱状、方块状或者辐射状。上述形状的填充效果好，填充率高。
在本公开实施例中，声学调节材料包括含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和声学改善填料15。所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在被触发的条件下进行发泡，成为泡沫体缓冲填料，以对所述声学改善填料15的运动进行缓冲。在发声装置工作过程中，声学改善填料15不易发生碰撞。通过这种方式，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14大大降低了声学改善填料15破碎的风险，提高了声学调节材料的耐用性和使用寿命。
此外，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在发泡后，形成泡孔。含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料具有弹性，泡孔能根据外部压力的变化而改变体积，从而对声学改善填料15的运动形成缓冲作用。通过这种方式，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14能够有效地缓冲声学改善填料15的流动、碰撞。
尤其是，发声装置在大功率工作时，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14能有效地缓冲声学调节材料的振动。
此外，在发声装置受外力冲击时，泡孔为声学改善填料15提供缓冲力，泡孔中的气体通过滞流和压缩，使外来的能量被消耗、散逸。泡孔以较小的负加速度，逐步终止冲击载荷，因此，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14具有良好的防震效果。
此外，触发温度不同使得含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料 14能改变发泡的体积，从而适应不同的应用环境，这使得声学调节材料的耐候性、适应性更强。
在一个例子中，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14包括混合在一起的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料和发泡剂，其中，所述发泡剂包括低沸点的烷烃。例如，低沸点的烷烃的沸点为30℃-40℃。在制备时，在高压反应釜中，将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子材料和发泡剂混合在一起。在高压反应釜中，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子材料聚合在一起，并且与发泡剂发生混合。该方法的工艺简单，一次反应就能形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14。
也可以是，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子材料聚合成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料，然后，向含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料中加入发泡剂，使发泡剂渗入含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料中。
低沸点的烷烃包括石油醚、丁烷、戊烷等中的至少一种。这些材料均能在设定的触发条件下挥发，从而在含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料的内部形成泡孔。多个泡孔形成泡沫。
当然，发泡剂的种类不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
在一个例子中，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14为可发性PS和ABS、SBS等高分子聚合物中的至少一种。上述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14均能在设定的触发条件下体积发生发泡，从而缓冲声学改善填料15的运动。
例如，可发性聚苯乙烯包括混合在一起的聚苯乙烯和发泡剂。
其中，可发性聚苯乙烯填料具有质量轻、不吸水、抗老化、腐蚀性能强、韧性强、无毒无污染的特点。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择发泡剂的种类、用量等。
在一个例子中，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14为颗粒状或者片层状。这些材料的流动性良好，在腔体中的填充容易。
可以是，将颗粒状或者片层状的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合 物填料14直接填充到发声装置的后声腔16的灌装区内。
也可以是，将颗粒状或者片层状的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14，制备成设定的形状，然后填充到发声装置的后声腔16的灌装区中。
还可以是，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和声学改善填料15中的一种制备成设定的三维结构，另一种以颗粒状或者片层状填充到三维结构的间隙内。
在一个例子中，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14为颗粒状。在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的物理尺寸为0.1mm-20mm。
在该尺寸范围内，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14对声学改善填料15的缓冲效果良好，泡孔的缓冲效果良好。
此外，颗粒的大小适中，并且不会堵塞声学改善填料15的气流通道，声学调节材料对振动气流的吸附、脱附效果良好。
进一步地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为颗粒状，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的物理尺寸为0.5mm-2mm。在该范围内，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14形成泡孔对声学改善填料的缓冲效果更加良好。
在一个例子中，声学改善填料在未发泡时，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的密度为0.2g/mL-1.5g/mL。在该密度范围内，声学调节材料的整体的密度小，这样使得发声装置的整体的重量轻。
优选地，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的密度为0.5g/mL-1.0g/mL，在该范围内，声学调节材料对发声装置的整体重量影响小。
在一个例子中，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的密度为0.005g/mL-0.5g/mL。在该范围内，泡沫体缓冲填料对于声学改善填料的缓冲效果良好，结构强度高，耐用性良好。
优选地，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的密度为0.01g/mL-0.05g/mL。在该范围内，泡沫体缓冲填料对于声学改善填料的缓 冲效果更加良好。
在一个例子中，通过热辐射、光辐射、电磁辐射中的至少一种使所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14触发。上述辐射条件下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14内的发泡剂挥发并且体积变大，在含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料内形成泡孔，从而使得含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物材料的发泡。
在相同温度条件下，在一定的触发时间下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的体积可增大至适当值，触发时间过短，则含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡的倍数小，起不到缓冲声学改善填料15的作用。
在相同触发时间下，在一定的触发温度下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的体积可增大至适当值，温度越高越容易发生泡孔破裂；反之，触发温度越低，则含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡体积越小，起不到缓冲声学改善填料15的作用。
此外，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14内的泡孔不会生破裂。
在进行光辐射时，采用紫外线照射的方式触发含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14内的发泡剂。发泡剂在受热条件下，体积变大，从而在含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料内形成泡孔。
在进行电磁辐射时，在交变磁场的作用下，声学调节材料被加热。发泡剂挥发，从而在含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14内形成泡孔。
上述触发方式的操作简单，泡孔大小的可控性强。
当然，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的触发方式不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。
在一个例子中，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占声学调节材料的总体积的0.01％-30％；发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14占所述声学调节材料的体积比为0.05％-60％。
发泡前，在上述比例范围内，声学改善填料所占的比例大，能保证声学改善填料在腔体内均匀地分散。
含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在声学调节材料中的所占比例越大，会使得声学改善填料15的填充量减小，降低声学调节材料的吸附、脱附振动气体的效果；反之，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在声学调节材料中的所占比例越小，则无法起到缓冲的效果。
在上述体积比范围内，尽管声学改善填料15的填充量相对降低了，但含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在发泡后能够形成通道，从而使得振动气体容易进、出声学调节材料，故声学调节材料的吸音效果显著提高。
由于含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的缓冲作用，故声学改善填料15的保形效果良好，耐用性良好。
进一步地，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占声学调节材料的总体积的0.1％-10％；发泡后，泡沫体缓冲填料的体积占声学调节材料的总体积的5％-50％。在该范围内，声学调节材料的吸音效果更加良好耐用性良好。
在一个例子中，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14质量占声学调节材料总质量的0.1％-20％。在该范围内，仅需较少的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14就能够实现腔体内较高的填充率。
此外，由于含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14所占的质量比例较低，故声学调节材料的吸附、脱附振动气体的效果不会受到影响。
进一步地，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14质量占声学调节材料总质量的1％-5％。在该范围内，声学调节材料的耐用性良好，吸附、脱附振动气体的效果良好。
在一个具体的例子中，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡过程包括第一发泡阶段和第二发泡阶段，所述第一发泡阶段得到第一泡沫体缓冲填料，所述第二发泡阶段得到第二泡沫体缓冲填料。可以通过含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的阶段发泡来灵活控制含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的缓冲效果。
在触发条件下，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14随不同温度和/或发泡时间发泡的体积不同。发泡后在应用中，第一泡沫体缓冲填料会随使用温度的变化进行第二阶段的发泡过程，在第二阶段的发泡过程中，随不同温度和/或发泡时间，发泡体积不同。在发泡后，因为第一泡沫体缓冲填料占据后腔容积，所以其对于声学改善效果有一定的抑制作用。
因此，在装填初期，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14进行第一阶段发泡，第一泡沫体缓冲填料提供一定的缓冲效果。在实际应用过程中，如果遇到高温环境下发声装置高功率运行，在发声音装置处于高功率运作时，声学改善填料的胶黏剂会老化，强度变差，声学改善填料容易破碎。而在该条件下所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14也更容易继续发泡，进一步提高第一泡沫体缓冲填料表面的阻尼特性，为声学改善填料的碰撞提供缓冲，从而减少声学改善填料的破碎。
即使在正常环境下，随着使用时间的延长，声学改善填料的胶粘剂也会慢慢发生老化，从而造成强度降低。而在此过程中，第一泡沫体缓冲填料体积也在缓慢的变化，表面阻尼特性增加，缓冲能力增强，在此条件下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14可进行第二阶段的发泡变化，阻尼增强，缓冲效果提升，有效避免了声学改善填料强度变差造成的易碎现象。
具体地，参见表1，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡后的体积随发泡温度和/或发泡时间的变化而变化，在一定温度范围内，温度升高时所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的阻尼增大，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的缓冲能力增强；在一定温度范围内，时间增长时所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的阻尼增大，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的缓冲能力增强。所以，可以通过发泡温度和/或发泡时间控制所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡程度。
表1-可发性材料第一发泡阶段的体积随温度变化数据
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000002
在含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14应用于发声装置中时，如果含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14已经发泡至最大发泡体积，声学改善填料15在长期高温使用过程中强度会变弱，仍然存在破碎的风险。如果将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14经过第一发泡阶段得到第一泡沫体缓冲填料，第一泡沫体缓冲填料未发泡至最大发泡体积，这时将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14应用于发声装置中，发声装置在长期高温使用过程中，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14会在高温下经历第二发泡阶段，这时含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14还可以继续发泡，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14体积增大后还可以对声学改善填料15起到进一步的缓冲，保证了声学改善填料15的使用寿命。
发声装置在长期高频率使用过程中，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14可能会频繁经历多次的高温发泡过程，所以，这里的第二发泡阶段不仅仅指一个发泡阶段，还可以包括多个发泡阶段。比如发声装置在长时间、大功率运行时，发声装置内部会产生的较高的温度，这时含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14便可以进行发泡阶段，在发声装置多次长时间、大功率运行时含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14会经历多次的发泡过程。
可选地，所述第二泡沫体缓冲填料的体积为所述第一泡沫体缓冲填料体积的1-25倍。
具体地，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在经过第一阶段发泡后，如果未达到最大发泡体积，继续经历第二阶段发泡后含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的体积可以进一步增大。
在一种具体的实施方式中，参见表2，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14在80～100℃范围内时，发泡的体积随温度的升高而增大。
表2-可发性材料第二发泡阶段的体积随温度变化数据
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000003
具体地，在发泡前，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的物理尺寸可以与声学改善填料15物理尺寸相当，这样便于含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14与声学改善填料15混合均匀；也可以是含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的物理尺寸大于或小于声学改善填料15的物理尺寸，这样便于提高声学调节材料的填充量。发泡后，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的体积显著增大，密度明显减小，可以对声学改善填料15在移动碰撞时提供显著的缓冲作用。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括壳体11、发声单体12和本公开提供的发声装置的声学调节材料。所述壳体11的内部形成腔体。所述腔体包括后声腔16。后声腔16包括灌装区。灌装区可以是整个的后声腔16，也可以是后声腔16的一部分空间。所述发声单体12设置在所述腔体内。所述发声单体12与所述后声腔16连通。所述声学调节材料设置在所述灌装区内。
该发声装置具有发声效果良好、低频效果好、耐用性良好的特点。
在一个例子中，在未被触发的条件下，所述声学调节材料在所述灌装区内的填充率为50％-95％。在该比例范围内，利用含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡，能够对声学改善填料的流动、碰撞提供缓冲作用。
优选地，在未被触发的条件下，所述声学调节材料在所述灌装区内的填充率为60％-85％。在该范围内，在被触发后，声学调节材料可以更好的发挥缓冲作用，能够对声学改善填料的流动、碰撞提供缓冲，防止声学改善填料出现破碎。
在一个例子中，如图3-图4所示，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分 子聚合物填料14和所述声学改善填料15均为块状材料。所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14与所述声学改善填料15交替设置。在该例子中，在两种填料的排列方向上含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14能够有效地挤压声学改善填料15，从而使得声学改善填料15能有效地缓冲。
在一个例子中，如图5所示，在同一层的块状的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和块状的声学改善填料15呈矩阵分布，并且含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和声学改善填料15交错设置。
在该例子中，在发泡状态下，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14能够在同一层各个方向有效地挤压声学改善填料15，从而有效地缓冲声学改善填料15的运动。
在一个例子中，如图6所示，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14形成格栅结构。所述声学改善填料15填充在所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14形成的间隙13内。
或者，声学改善填料15形成格栅结构。含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14填充在声学改善填料15形成的间隙13内。
例如，格栅结构的网格单元呈矩形、圆形、椭圆形、三角形或者菱形等。格栅结构使得声学调节材料的结构规整，吸附、脱附振动气体的稳定性、一致性良好。
在填充时，壳体11被打开，先将格栅结构放置到灌装区内；然后，将声学改善填料15或者含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14填充在格栅结构形成的间隙13内；接下来，将壳体11封闭；最后，采用热辐射等方式使含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡。
上述填充方式，均能实现在触发后，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14的发泡，进而挤压声学改善填料15，并形成缓冲的效果。
在一个例子中，发泡后，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的体积增大2-100倍。这样，泡沫体缓冲填料对于声学改善填料15的缓冲效果良好。
优选地，发泡后，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的体积 增大3-50倍。在该范围内，泡沫体缓冲填料的缓冲力适中，缓冲效果更佳良好。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，提供了一种声学调节材料的填充方法。声学调节材料以下列任意方式设置在所述发声装置的后声腔的灌装区内：
在一个例子中，所述声学调节材料以下列任意方式设置在所述灌装区内：
例如，如图1-图2所示，所述声学调节材料为颗粒状。先将所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14填充到所述灌装区内，再将所述声学改善填料15填充到所述灌装区内。在该例子中，在壳体11上开设有灌装孔。在进行灌装时，颗粒料从灌装孔被灌装到灌装区内。可以是，声学改善填料15采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒。含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14也采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒，以使得声学调节材料在灌装区内的填充率高。
也可以是，声学改善填料15和含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14均采用相同物理尺寸的颗粒，以保证声学调节材料的一致性。
例如，所述声学调节材料为颗粒状。先将所述声学改善填料15填充到所述灌装区内，再将所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14填充到所述灌装区内。同样地，在进行灌装时，颗粒料从灌装孔被灌装到灌装区内。可以是，声学改善填料15采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒。含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14也采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒，以使得声学调节材料在灌装区内的填充率高。
例如，所述声学调节材料为颗粒状。先将所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和所述声学改善填料15进行混合，再将混合后的所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14和所述声学改善填料15填充到所述灌装区内。
同样地，在进行灌装时，颗粒料从灌装孔被灌装到灌装区内。可以是，声学改善填料15采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒。含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14也采用不同物理尺寸的颗粒，以使得声学调节材料在灌装区内的填充率高。
例如，如图3-图4所示，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14设置在灌装区的至少一个壁部，以形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层；然后，将所述声学改善填料15填充到所述灌装区内。
在该例子中，声学调节材料可以是颗粒状或者片层状。采用粘结剂将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14粘结在灌装区的至少一个壁部。然后将声学改善填料15填充到灌装区内。在被触发的条件下，壁部的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡，从而对声学改善填料15形成挤压，以缓冲声学改善填料15的运动。发泡后的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14对声学改善填料15起到缓冲的作用。
可选地，在腔体的相对的两个壁部形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层。在被触发的条件下，两个壁部的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料14发泡，从而对声学改善填料15形成相向的两个方向的挤压，这使得泡沫体缓冲填料对声学改善填料15缓冲效果更加优良。
此外，发泡后含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层在声学改善填料15的相对的两侧形成缓冲作用，这使得声学调节材料的耐用性更好。
进一步地，在腔体的所有壁部均形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层。通过这种方式，含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层在声学改善填料15的任意方向形成缓冲作用，这使得声学调节材料的耐用性更加良好。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，提供了一种电子设备。电子设备可以是但不限于手机、平板电脑、智能手表、游戏机、学习机等。
该电子设备包括本公开实施例的发声装置。该电子设备具有声学效果良好的特点。
<实施例1>
声学调节材料包括声学改善填料15和可发性聚苯乙烯填料。其中，声学改善填料15的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。可发性聚苯乙烯填料质量分数为3％。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。微型扬声器模组的后声腔16的容积为 0.4cc。将声学调节材料混合后灌装到后声腔16内。
在灌装完成后，将微型扬声器模组放置到烘箱中，在100℃温度下，加热20min分钟，以使可发性聚苯乙烯填料发泡。
发泡后的发泡体，物理尺寸为1.5mm，密度0.02g/mL,发泡体的体积占比声学材料填充混合物体积的20％。
<对比例1>
在该例子中，声学调节材料以及扬声器模组与实施例一致。其中，可发性聚苯乙烯填料未被触发。
<对比例2>
声学调节材料的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。该模组与实施例中采用的模组型号相同。将声学调节材料灌装到后声腔16内。
<测试项>
1、F0测试：分别测试三个微型扬声器模组的频响曲线，并获取三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
2、可靠性测试：在相同的功率下，三个微型扬声器模组工作100小时。然后，再次测试三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
在测试完成后，将三个微型扬声器模组的声学调节材料取出，观察声学改善填料15的颗粒完整性。
<测试结果>
表1-三种微型扬声器模组的F0对比表
  对比例2 对比例1 实施例1
微型扬声器模组F0 786Hz 785Hz 783Hz
由表1可见，三个微型扬声器的F0相差很小。这表明，在该实施例1 虽然发泡后占据后腔中部分体积，但并没有影响造成声学调节材料对振动气体的吸附、脱附效果变差。
表2-两种微型扬声器模组的可靠性对比表
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000004
由表2可见，在进行可靠性测试后，该实施例1的微型扬声器模组的F0变化很小，并且颗粒状态无变化。而对比例2的微型扬声器模组的F0出现了显著的增加，并且颗粒严重破碎。
这表明，由于声学调节材料的颗粒无变化，故使得该实施例采用的声学调节材料的可靠性显著优于对比例2中采用的声学调节材料。
<实施例2>
声学调节材料包括声学改善填料15和可发性聚苯乙烯填料。其中，声学改善填料15的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。可发性聚苯乙烯填料质量分数为3％。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。微型扬声器模组的后声腔16的容积为0.4cc。将声学调节材料混合后灌装到后声腔16内。
在灌装完成后，将微型扬声器模组放置到烘箱中，在100℃温度下，加热20min分钟，以使可发性聚苯乙烯填料发泡。
发泡后的发泡体，物理尺寸变为0.4mm，密度0.03g/mL,发泡体的体积占比声学材料填充混合物体积的8％。
<对比例3>
在该例子中，声学调节材料以及扬声器模组与实施例一致。其中，可发性聚苯乙烯填料未被触发。
<对比例4>
声学调节材料的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。该模组与实施例中采用的模组型号相同。将声学调节材料灌装到后声腔16内。
<测试项>
1、F0测试：分别测试三个微型扬声器模组的频响曲线，并获取三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
2、可靠性测试：在相同的功率下，三个微型扬声器模组工作100小时。然后，再次测试三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
在测试完成后，将三个微型扬声器模组的声学调节材料取出，观察声学改善填料15的颗粒完整性。
<测试结果>
表3-三种微型扬声器模组的F0对比表
声学调节材料 对比例4 对比例3 实施例2
微型扬声器模组F0 786Hz 785Hz 785Hz
由表3可见，三个微型扬声器的F0相差很小。这表明，在该实施例2虽然发泡后占据腔体部分体积，但并没有影响造成声学调节材料对振动气体的吸附、脱附效果变差。
表4-两种微型扬声器模组的可靠性对比表
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000005
由表4可见，在进行可靠性测试后，该实施例2的微型扬声器模组的F0变化39Hz，吸音颗粒出现部分破碎现象，缓冲作用降低，影响了微型扬声器模组的声学性能。
这表明，由于声学调节材料的颗粒中，发泡聚苯乙烯颗粒较少，不能为吸音颗粒提供足够的缓冲作用，故出现了部分吸音颗粒破碎的状态。
<实施例3>
声学调节材料包括声学改善填料15和可发性聚苯乙烯填料。其中，声学改善填料15的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。可发性聚苯乙烯填料质量分数为0.5％。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。微型扬声器模组的后声腔16的容积为0.4cc。将声学调节材料混合后灌装到后声腔16内。
在灌装完成后，将微型扬声器模组放置到烘箱中，在100℃温度下，加热20min分钟，以使可发性聚苯乙烯填料发泡。
发泡后的发泡体，物理尺寸变为20mm，密度0.09g/mL,发泡体的体积占比声学材料填充混合物体积的48％。
<对比例5>
在该例子中，声学调节材料以及扬声器模组与实施例一致。其中，可发性聚苯乙烯填料未被触发。
<对比例6>
声学调节材料的材质为沸石，物理尺寸为0.3mm-0.5mm，密度为0.5g/mL。
发声装置为微型扬声器模组。该模组与实施例中采用的模组型号相同。将声学调节材料灌装到后声腔16内。
<测试项>
1、F0测试：分别测试三个微型扬声器模组的频响曲线，并获取三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
2、可靠性测试：在相同的功率下，三个微型扬声器模组工作100小时。然后，再次测试三个微型扬声器模组的F0。
在测试完成后，将三个微型扬声器模组的声学调节材料取出，观察声学改善填料15的颗粒完整性。
<测试结果>
表5-三种微型扬声器模组的F0对比表
声学调节材料 对比例6 对比例5 实施例3
微型扬声器模组F0 786Hz 785Hz 813Hz
由表5可见，实施例3扬声器的F0较对比例6低27Hz。这表明，在该实施例3中可发性聚苯乙烯发泡后占据腔体体积较大，影响扬声器模组的低频声学性能。
表6-两种微型扬声器模组的可靠性对比表
Figure PCTCN2020136708-appb-000006
由表6可见，在进行可靠性测试后，该实施例3的微型扬声器模组的F0变化5Hz，但发泡的聚苯乙烯泡沫轻微影响了微型扬声器模组初始的F0，并使得颗粒出现变形的现象。
上文实施例中重点描述的是各个实施例之间的不同，各个实施例之间不同的优化特征只要不矛盾，均可以组合形成更优的实施例，考虑到行文简洁，在此则不再赘述。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种声学调节材料，其特征在于，包括：含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料在被触发的条件下进行发泡，成为泡沫体缓冲填料，以对所述声学改善填料在移动碰撞时提供缓冲作用，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料发泡后的体积随温度和/或发泡时间的变化而变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的分子链中含有苯乙烯链节，所述苯乙烯链节的分子结构为-CH(C6H5)-CH2-。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料包括可发性聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的至少一种高分子聚合物。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述声学改善填料为活性炭、沸石粉、二氧化硅、多孔氧化铝、分子筛、金属-有机框架材料中的一种或多种制成的具有声学性能的材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为颗粒状、片状或者块状。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的密度为0.005g/mL-0.5g/mL。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯 乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料为颗粒状，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的物理尺寸为0.1mm-20mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料包括混合在一起的高分子聚合物材料和发泡剂，其中，所述发泡剂包括低沸点的烷烃。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，通过热辐射、光辐射、电磁辐射中的至少一种使所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料触发。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占声学调节材料的总体积的0.01％-30％；发泡后，泡沫体缓冲填料的体积占声学调节材料的总体积的0.05％-60％。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，发泡前，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料占声学调节材料的总体积的0.1％-10％；发泡后，泡沫体缓冲填料的体积占声学调节材料的总体积的5％-50％。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，在发泡后，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成的泡沫体缓冲填料对所述声学改善填料在移动碰撞时提供缓冲作用。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料的发泡过程包括第一发泡阶段和第二发泡阶段，所述第一发泡阶段得到第一泡沫体缓冲填料，所述第二发泡阶段得到第二泡沫体缓冲填料。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的声学调节材料，其特征在于，所述第二泡沫体缓冲填料的体积为所述第一泡沫体缓冲填料体积的1-25倍。
  15. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括壳体、发声单体和如权利要求1-14中的任一项所述的声学调节材料，所述壳体的内部形成腔体，所述腔体包括后声腔，所述发声单体设置在所述腔体内，所述发声单体与所述后声腔连通，所述后声腔包括灌装区，所述声学调节材料设置在所述灌装区内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，发泡前，所述声学调节材料在所述灌装区内的填充率为40％-95％。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和所述声学改善填料均为颗粒状材料，
    所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料与所述声学改善填料混合填充于灌装区内。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和所述声学改善填料均为块状材料，
    所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料与所述声学改善填料交替设置；或者在同一层的块状的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和块状的声学改善填料呈矩阵分布，并且含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料交错设置。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成格栅结构，所述声学改善填料填充在所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料形成的间隙内；或者
    所述声学改善填料形成格栅结构，所述含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分 子聚合物填料填充在所述声学改善填料形成的间隙内。
  20. 一种发声装置的声学调节材料的填充方法，其特征在于，如权利要求1-14中的任一项所述声学调节材料以下列任意方式设置在所述发声装置的后声腔的灌装区内：
    所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料填充到所述灌装区内，再将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内；
    所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内，再将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料填充到所述灌装区内；
    所述声学调节材料为颗粒状，先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料进行混合，再将混合后的含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料和声学改善填料填充到灌装区内；
    先将含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料设置在所述灌装区的至少一个壁部，以形成含有苯乙烯链节的可发性高分子聚合物填料层，然后将声学改善填料填充到所述灌装区内。
  21. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求15-19任一项所述的发声装置。
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CN111534019A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-08-14 歌尔股份有限公司 声学调节材料、发声装置、填充方法及电子设备
CN111534018A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-08-14 歌尔股份有限公司 声学调节材料、发声装置及电子设备
CN111534058A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-08-14 歌尔股份有限公司 声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备
CN111560145A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-08-21 歌尔股份有限公司 声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备
CN111560133A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-08-21 歌尔股份有限公司 声学调节材料、填充方法、发声装置及电子设备

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