WO2022004625A1 - 工作機械、工作機械の制御方法 - Google Patents

工作機械、工作機械の制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022004625A1
WO2022004625A1 PCT/JP2021/024277 JP2021024277W WO2022004625A1 WO 2022004625 A1 WO2022004625 A1 WO 2022004625A1 JP 2021024277 W JP2021024277 W JP 2021024277W WO 2022004625 A1 WO2022004625 A1 WO 2022004625A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
work
spindle
misalignment
respect
machine tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2021/024277
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
絢子 北風
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Citizen Watch Co Ltd filed Critical Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Priority to CN202180043055.9A priority Critical patent/CN115702398B/zh
Priority to EP21833512.3A priority patent/EP4129538A4/en
Priority to JP2022533972A priority patent/JP7604489B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227041591A priority patent/KR20230028251A/ko
Priority to US17/923,643 priority patent/US12269111B2/en
Publication of WO2022004625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022004625A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/1205—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using translation movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/121—Control circuits therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/125—Rotary tool drive mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2717/00—Arrangements for indicating or measuring
    • B23Q2717/003—Arrangements for indicating or measuring in lathes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2735/00—Control systems or devices for copying from a pattern or master model
    • B23Q2735/02—Means for transforming movement of the feeler into feed movement of tool or work
    • B23Q2735/06—Means for transforming movement of the feeler into feed movement of tool or work involving electrical means
    • B23Q2735/062—Means for transforming movement of the feeler into feed movement of tool or work involving electrical means in a lathe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45146—Inertia friction welding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50152—Align axis cylinder, tube with rotation axis machine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine tool that joins two workpieces into one workpiece, and a method for controlling the machine tool.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique for detecting whether or not there is a misalignment during frictional joining.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 can detect the presence or absence of misalignment during frictional joining, but cannot determine how much misalignment is during frictional joining.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool and a method for controlling a machine tool in which the degree of misalignment can be known during frictional joining.
  • the present invention first has a first spindle that rotatably holds the first work, a second spindle that is arranged to face the first spindle and rotatably holds the second work, and the first spindle. While rotating at least one of the held first work and the second work held by the second spindle, the first spindle and the second spindle move relatively so as to approach each other.
  • a machine tool comprising a control unit for pressing the rear end portion of the second work against the tip end portion of the first work to frictionally join the second work, wherein the control unit is the first with respect to the first work. It is characterized by having a misalignment amount detecting means for detecting the misalignment amount of two workpieces during the frictional joining.
  • the second spindle is attached to the second spindle during the frictional joining. It is characterized by having a second spindle moving means for moving in a direction intersecting the rotation axis.
  • the timing of moving the second spindle in the direction intersecting the rotation axis of the second spindle is immediately after the first spindle stops rotating, immediately before the first spindle stops rotating, or the first. 1 It is characterized in that the rotation speed of the spindle is gradually decreasing.
  • control unit compares the misalignment amount of the second work with respect to the first work detected by the misalignment amount detecting means with the rotation phase of the first spindle, whereby the first work. It is characterized by having a misalignment direction detecting means for detecting the misalignment direction of the second work with respect to the above while the friction joining is performed.
  • the second spindle moving means has the misalignment amount of the second work with respect to the first work detected by the misalignment amount detecting means and the first work detected by the misalignment direction detecting means.
  • a direction in which the second spindle intersects the rotation axis of the second spindle so that the amount of misalignment of the second work with respect to the first work is reduced based on the misalignment direction of the second work. It is characterized by moving.
  • the core of the second work with respect to the first work is based on the load applied to the motor by which the misalignment amount detecting means moves the second spindle in a direction intersecting the rotation axis of the second spindle.
  • the feature is to obtain the amount of deviation.
  • the misalignment detecting means obtains the misalignment amount of the second work with respect to the first work based on the output value of the optical sensor that measures the distance from the second work. And.
  • a first spindle that rotatably holds the first work and a second spindle that is arranged to face the first spindle and rotatably holds the second work delivered from the first spindle.
  • a method for controlling a machine tool including a control unit for controlling the operation of the first spindle and the second spindle, which is held by the first work or the second spindle held by the first spindle. While rotating at least one of the second work, the first spindle and the second spindle are relatively moved so as to be close to each other, and the rear end portion of the second work is newly supplied.
  • the first work is subjected to During the step of detecting the misalignment amount of the second work and the step of detecting the misalignment direction of the second work with respect to the first work during the frictional joining, and during the frictional joining.
  • the second spindle is set to the second with respect to the first work. It is characterized by including a step of moving the work in a direction intersecting the rotation axis of the second spindle so that the amount of misalignment of the work is reduced.
  • the present invention can obtain the following effects.
  • the degree of misalignment between the first work and the second work can be known by the misalignment detecting means during the frictional joining between the first work and the second work. Therefore, since the desired work (for example, elimination of misalignment) can be performed by the time this frictional joining is completed, it is necessary to confirm the joint misalignment and correct the misaligned workpiece after performing this frictional joining. Furthermore, for example, deburring work of the joint portion can be started promptly. As a result, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the product and stabilize the quality.
  • the automatic lathe (machine tool) 1 includes a first spindle 10 and a tool base 31.
  • the first spindle 10 can grip (hold) the work W1 via the chuck.
  • This chuck is configured concentrically with the first spindle 10, and is integrally rotatable together with the first spindle 10.
  • the work W1 is a long bar in the shape of a round bar, and is supplied from the rear end of the first spindle 10 by using a push arrow of a bar feeder.
  • a finger chuck is provided at the tip of the push arrow, and the finger chuck grips the rear end of the work W1.
  • the first spindle 10 is rotatably supported by the spindle 12 with the Z1 axis direction shown in FIG. 1 as the axis, and is rotationally driven by the power of the spindle motor 13 provided on the spindle 12.
  • the headstock 12 is mounted on the Z1 axial feed mechanism 14 and is movable in the Z1 axial direction.
  • the Z1 axial feed mechanism 14 has a Z1 axial rail 14a fixed to the bed 1a and extended in the Z1 axial direction.
  • the Z1 axis rail 14a is equipped with a Z1 axis slider 14b that slides along the Z1 axis direction by the Z1 axis motor 14c.
  • the headstock 12 is installed on the Z1 axis slider 14b.
  • a guide bush 18 for holding a cutting position is provided in front of the headstock 12.
  • the guide bush 18 is supported by the support base 17, and the support base 17 is fixed to the bed 1a.
  • the work W1 is rotatably supported around the Z1 axis by the guide bush 18, and is sent to the front side of the support base 17.
  • the guide bush 18 is provided in front of the first spindle 10 in this way, the material portion having a length from the vicinity of the tip of the first spindle 10 to the guide bush 18 becomes the work residual material W2 that cannot be cut. If the residual material W2 and the newly supplied work W1 are joined, the material can be effectively used, so that the material cost can be reduced.
  • a moving table 32 is provided on the front side of the support table 17.
  • the moving table 32 moves the tool table 31 in the X1 axis direction orthogonal to the Z1 axis direction, and in the Y1 axis direction orthogonal to the Z1 axis direction and the X1 axis direction.
  • a tool 30 whose tip is oriented in the X1 axis direction is mounted on the tool base 31.
  • the work W1 can be machined by the tool 30 by moving the first spindle 10 in the Z1 axis direction and moving the tool base 31 in the X1 axis direction or the Y1 axis direction.
  • the automatic lathe 1 includes a second spindle 20 at a position facing the first spindle 10.
  • the second spindle 20 can grip (hold) the work residual material W2 via the chuck.
  • This chuck is configured concentrically with the second spindle 20, and is integrally rotatable together with the second spindle 20.
  • the work residual material W2 is, for example, a round bar having the same diameter as the work W1 and is a material left over that cannot be processed by the first spindle 10.
  • the work residual material W2 is, for example, transferred from the first spindle 10 to the second spindle 20 and held by the second spindle 20.
  • the second spindle 20 is rotatably supported by the spindle 22 with the Z2 axis direction parallel to the Z1 axis as the axis, and is rotationally driven by the power of the spindle motor 23 provided on the spindle 22.
  • the headstock 22 is mounted on the Z2 axial feed mechanism 24 and the X2 axial feed mechanism 25, and is movable in the Z2 axial direction and the X2 axial direction.
  • the Z2 axial feed mechanism 24 has, for example, a Z2 axial rail 24a arranged on the X2 axial feed mechanism 25 and extending in the Z2 axial direction.
  • the Z2-axis rail 24a is equipped with a Z2-axis slider 24b that slides along the Z2-axis direction by the Z2-axis motor 24c.
  • the headstock 22 is installed on the Z2-axis slider 24b.
  • the X2 axis direction feed mechanism 25 has, for example, an X2 axis rail 25a fixed to the bed 1a and parallel to the X1 axis direction.
  • the X2-axis rail 25a is equipped with an X2-axis slider 25b that slides along the X2-axis direction by the X2-axis motor 25c.
  • the X2-axis slider 25b is provided with a Z2-axis rail 24a of the Z2-axis direction feed mechanism 24.
  • the X2-axis direction feed mechanism 25 corresponds to the second spindle moving means of the present invention, and the X2-axis motor 25c corresponds to the motor of the present invention.
  • the rotation of the first spindle 10 and the second spindle 20, the movement of the first spindle 10, the second spindle 20, and the moving table 32 are controlled by the control device 40.
  • the control device 40 has a control unit 40a and an input unit 40b, which are connected via a bus.
  • the control unit 40a is composed of a CPU, a memory, or the like, and for example, loads various programs and data stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes this program. Thereby, the operation of the automatic lathe 1 can be controlled based on the program.
  • the rotation of the first spindle 10 and the second spindle 20, the movement of the first spindle 10, the second spindle 20, the moving table 32, and the like can be set by a program or by input to the input unit 40b.
  • the control unit 40a functions as a misalignment amount detecting means 40c, a current value detecting means 40d, a misalignment direction detecting means 40e, and a rotation angle detecting means 40f.
  • the current value detecting means 40d detects the load applied to the X2-axis motor 25c as a current value.
  • the misalignment amount detecting means 40c is detected by the current value detecting means 40d while the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 is pressed against the tip portion of the work W1 and integrally joined (upset step U in FIG. 3). Based on the applied load, the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the integrally joined work W1 is obtained.
  • the rotation angle detecting means 40f detects the rotation phase of the first spindle 10.
  • the misalignment direction detecting means 40e is used by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c while the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 is pressed against the tip end portion of the work W1 and integrally joined (upset step U in FIG. 3).
  • the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the integrally joined work W1 is obtained.
  • FIG. 2 is an operation flowchart including misalignment correction
  • FIG. 3 shows the rotation speed S1 of the first spindle 10 and the rotation phases P1 and the X2-axis motor 25c in the friction joining (including the friction step M and the upset step U). It is a figure explaining the current value I2 supplied to.
  • the length of the work W1 is shortened each time the parting process is performed.
  • the machining to the work W1 progresses and the total length of the work W1 held by the first spindle 10 becomes shorter from the vicinity of the tip of the first main shaft 10 to the guide bush 18, this shortened portion becomes a work that cannot be cut. It becomes a residual material.
  • a work having a short length held by the first spindle 10 is passed to the second spindle 20.
  • the axis of the first spindle 10 and the axis of the second spindle 20 are arranged concentrically, and for example, the second spindle 20 is brought closer to the first spindle 10.
  • the chuck of the first spindle 10 is opened, and a new work W1 is supplied from the rear of the first spindle 10.
  • the newly supplied work W1 is held by the first spindle 10.
  • a short work (which will eventually become the work residual material W2) held by the first main shaft 10 is moved from the guide bush 18 to the front side of the support base 17. Extruded. Therefore, the work residual material W2 is held by the second spindle 20.
  • step S10 in FIG. 2 the second spindle 20 is brought closer to the first spindle 10 to form a work residue W2.
  • the rear end portion is pressed against the tip portion of the new work W1 so that a predetermined pressure is applied (step S11: start of friction step M).
  • step S11 start of friction step M
  • the second spindle 20 may also be rotated.
  • the first spindle 10 may be rotated in the same direction as the rotation direction of the second spindle 20 or in the opposite direction.
  • only the second spindle 20 may be rotated.
  • only the second spindle 20 is moved in the Z2 axis direction, but only the first spindle 10 is moved in the Z1 axis direction, or both the first spindle 10 and the second spindle 20 are moved. It is also possible to bring the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 into contact with the front end portion of the work W1.
  • Step S12 End of friction step M, start of upset step U.
  • the control unit 40a outputs a rotation stop command to the first spindle 10.
  • the rotation speed S1 of the first spindle 10 gradually decreases.
  • the rotation stop command and the timing of pressing the work residual material W2 against the work W1 by applying a stronger pressure have been described at the same time, but the timing may be different.
  • the degree of softening for example, it is possible to know by detecting a decrease in the current value (indicated by I2'in FIG. 3) of the Z2-axis motor 24c. Further, the conditions until the contact portion is softened may be determined in advance by a preliminary experiment, and friction may be applied to the contact portion between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 based on this condition. Then, when the rotation of the first spindle 10 is stopped while pressing the second spindle 20 against the first spindle 10, the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 is joined by pressing the tip portion of the work W1 to be joined to the work residual material W2. Work W1 is integrated.
  • the work residual material W2 and the work W1 may be integrated in a misaligned state.
  • the temperature of the contact point between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 is high in the upset process U, so that the work residual material W2 is used as the work residual material W2.
  • the material W2 can be moved in a direction intersecting the axis of the material W2. Therefore, as shown below, the alignment is performed during the frictional joining (until the joining phenomenon is completed).
  • step S11 in FIG. 2 After the work residual material W2 is pressed against the rotating work W1 (step S11 in FIG. 2), the work W1 is gripped by the first spindle 10 and the work residual material W2 is gripped by the second spindle 20.
  • the rotation of the first spindle 10 is transmitted to the second spindle 20 via the work W1 and the work residual material W2, so that the second spindle 20 also rotates.
  • the second spindle 20 is misaligned with respect to the axis C1 of the first spindle 10, as shown by the solid line and the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4, respectively. It vibrates in the X2 axial direction with an amplitude twice the amount (distance between the axial center C1 of the work W1 and the axial center C2 of the work residual material W2) s.
  • the position of the second spindle 20 in the X2 axis direction is held by the X2 axis motor 25c, and the X2 axis motor 25c is controlled by the control unit 40a to hold the position of the second spindle 20 in the X2 axis direction.
  • the X2-axis motor 25c is in the rotary drive state). Therefore, when vibration due to misalignment is applied to the X2-axis motor 25c, the current value I2 supplied from the control unit 40a to the X2-axis motor 25c increases or decreases according to the rotation phase of the second spindle 20.
  • the current value I2 supplied to the X2-axis motor 25c is the X2-axis position (vertical axis) in FIG. As shown by the solid line in the graph of time (horizontal axis), it fluctuates with an amplitude corresponding to twice the amplitude of the misalignment amount s during the upset step U. Therefore, the current value detecting means 40d detects, for example, the fluctuation range (difference between the maximum value and the minimum value) of the current value I2 supplied to the X2-axis motor 25c over a predetermined period.
  • the misalignment amount detecting means 40c obtains, for example, an average value of the fluctuation range of the current value I2, and pretends that half of this average value corresponds to the misalignment amount s, and the work residual material for the integrally joined work W1.
  • the misalignment amount s of W2 is detected (step S13 in FIG. 2).
  • the degree of misalignment between the work W1 and the work residual material W2 can be known by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c during the frictional joining between the work W1 and the work residual material W2. Therefore, as will be described later, the desired work (for example, elimination of misalignment) can be performed by the time the frictional joining is completed. Therefore, after the frictional joining is performed, the joint misalignment can be confirmed and the misaligned workpieces can be corrected. It is not necessary to perform such operations, and further, for example, deburring work can be started promptly. As a result, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the product and stabilize the quality.
  • the load applied to the X2-axis motor 25c has been described by giving an example of obtaining the load applied to the X2-axis motor 25c from the average value of the fluctuation range of the current value I2, but the present invention is not limited to this example.
  • the fluctuation range of the current value I2 only at a predetermined timing or the reference value of the fluctuation of the current value I2 may be set, and the amount of increase / decrease with respect to this reference value may be used. Further, other parameters based on the current value I2 may be used.
  • the X2-axis motor 25c makes almost one rotation while the spindle motor 13 makes two rotations.
  • the current value I2 supplied to the X2-axis motor 25c increases in the positive direction.
  • the rotation phase P1 of the first spindle 10 is, for example, 270 °
  • the current value I2 supplied to the X2-axis motor 25c is the maximum value. Therefore, it can be seen that the misalignment of the work residual material W2 occurs in the direction connecting the axial center C1 of the first spindle 10 and the position of the rotation phase 270 °.
  • step S13 of FIG. 2 (upset step U of FIG. 3), the misalignment direction detecting means 40e rotates with the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 detected by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c.
  • the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 is detected.
  • the misalignment direction detecting means 40e can know the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 during the frictional joining between the work W1 and the work residual material W2.
  • the control unit 40a determines whether or not the misalignment amount s detected by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c is equal to or greater than a predetermined value that requires correction of the misalignment (step S14 in FIG. 2). Then, when the misalignment amount s detected by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (YES in step S14), the process proceeds to step S15 to correct the misalignment. On the other hand, when the misalignment amount s detected by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c is less than a predetermined value (NO in step S14), the process proceeds to step S17.
  • the control unit 40a When it is necessary to correct the misalignment (YES in step S14), the control unit 40a outputs a drive signal to the spindle motor 13 to align the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 in the X2 direction (step). S15). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6A, the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 (the direction connecting the axial center C1 of the work W1 and the axial center C2 of the work residual material W2) is not parallel to the X2 axis. Occasionally, the first spindle 10 is rotated to align this misalignment direction with the X2 axis direction.
  • the control unit 40a outputs a drive signal to the X2-axis motor 25c immediately after the first spindle 10 has stopped rotating (indicated by time T3 in FIG. 3), and as shown by an arrow in FIG. 6B.
  • the second spindle 20 is moved in the X2 axis direction in the direction in which the misalignment amount s decreases (step S16 in FIG. 2). More specifically, the second spindle 20 is moved in the direction in which the distance from the axis C2 of the work residual material W2 to the axis C1 of the work W1 becomes shorter, for example, by half the average value of the fluctuation range of the current value I2.
  • the control unit 40a outputs a drive signal to the Z2-axis motor 24c and further presses the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 against the tip portion of the work W1 to finish the frictional joint (step S17 in FIG. 2). ..
  • the temperature at the contact point between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 is high, and the work residual material W2 is the work residual material W2. It suffices as long as it can move in the direction intersecting the axis of. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned time T3, for example, immediately before the first spindle 10 stops rotating (shown by the time T2 in FIG. 3), or while the rotation speed S1 of the first spindle 10 is gradually decreasing (time T1). It may be (indicated by).
  • the burr generated at the joint portion between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 is cut by the tool 30.
  • the tool 30 is arranged closer to the second spindle 20 than the joint portion between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 to set a predetermined depth of cut. Then, while rotating the first spindle 10, the tool 30 is moved closer to the first spindle 10 than the joint portion between the work residual material W2 and the work W1 to remove burrs.
  • the front end portion of the work W1 and the rear end portion of the work residual material W2 are frictionally joined using the first spindle 10 and the second spindle 20 arranged to face each other, and the joining and cutting are fused (joining process).
  • the automatic lathe 1 that integrates the cutting process and the cutting process can reduce the manufacturing cost of the product.
  • the misalignment amount detecting means 40c calculates the misalignment amount s.
  • the work with respect to the work W1 is obtained by, for example, photographing the joint portion between the work W1 and the work residual material W2 with a camera and performing image processing, or by measuring with a laser as described later. It can also be applied to detect the amount of misalignment of the residual material W2.
  • the example of eliminating (eliminating) the misalignment amount s has been described, but the present invention is also applied to the case where the misalignment amount s is reduced although the misalignment is not eliminated.
  • the guide bush 18 can be omitted because it is sufficient that the misalignment amount s can be detected during the frictional joining.
  • the work W1 may be made of a material different from the work residual material W2.
  • the work W1 and the work residual material W2 may have different diameters.
  • the example in which the work residual material W2 and the work W1 are frictionally joined has been described, but the present invention is not limited to the example of joining the work residual material W2, and new materials are joined to each other. It can also be applied when
  • the first spindle 10 can rotate around the Z1 axis
  • the second spindle 20 can rotate around the Z2 axis
  • either the first spindle 10 or the second spindle 20 can rotate in the Z1 axis direction or. It suffices as long as it can move in the Z2 axis direction and either the first spindle 10 or the second spindle 20 can move in the X1 axis direction or the X2 axis direction, and is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment.
  • the movement is performed in the direction of the X2 axis orthogonal to the Z2 axis, but in the present invention, the direction can be variously changed as long as the direction intersects the Z2 axis.
  • the automatic lathe (machine tool) 2 of the second embodiment is an automatic lathe in which the method of detecting the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 in the automatic lathe 1 of the first embodiment is changed. Since many elements of the automatic lathe 2 of the second embodiment are also common to the automatic lathe 1 of the first embodiment, detailed description of common matters will be omitted.
  • the automatic lathe 2 has a laser sensor 50, which is a kind of optical sensor controlled by the control device 40, on the bed 1a.
  • the laser sensor 50 irradiates the work residual material W2 with the laser beam L in parallel with the X2 axis, and the distance D between the laser sensor 50 and the peripheral side surface of the work residual material W2 in the X2 axis direction. Is detected.
  • the detection of the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 by the automatic lathe 2 of the second embodiment will be described.
  • the distance D between the laser sensor 50 and the peripheral side surface of the work residual material W2 is the distance (vertical axis) and time in FIG.
  • the amplitude is twice the misalignment amount s with respect to the distance O in the X2 axis direction between the laser sensor 50 and the peripheral side surface of the work W1. fluctuate.
  • the misalignment amount detecting means 40c of the work W1 is based on the output value D of the laser sensor 50 (the distance between the laser sensor 50 and the peripheral side surface of the work residual material W2 in the X2 axial direction).
  • the maximum value of the fluctuation value in the X2 axial direction of the peripheral side surface of the work residual material W2 with respect to the axial center C1, that is, the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the integrally joined work W1 is detected.
  • the detection of the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 by the automatic lathe 2 of the second embodiment will be described.
  • the fluctuation (maximum value or minimum value) of the output value D of the laser sensor 50 occurs at substantially the same position during one rotation of the work W1. Therefore, by comparing the fluctuation of the output value D with the rotation phase P1 of the first spindle 10, the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 can also be known. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
  • the rotation phase P1 of the first spindle 10 (indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in the figure) and the output value D of the laser sensor 50 (indicated by the solid line in the figure) are, for example, the spindle.
  • the relationship is such that the work residual material W2 makes almost one rotation while the motor 13 (that is, the work W1) makes two rotations.
  • the output value D of the laser sensor 50 increases in the positive direction.
  • the rotation phase P1 of the first spindle 10 is, for example, 270 °
  • the output value D of the laser sensor 50 is the maximum value. Therefore, it can be seen that the misalignment of the work residual material W2 occurs in the direction connecting the axial center C1 of the first spindle 10 and the position of the rotation phase 270 °.
  • the misalignment direction detecting means 40e detects the misalignment amount s of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 detected by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c and the rotation angle, as in the first embodiment. By comparing with the rotation phase P1 of the first spindle 10 detected by the means 40f, the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 is detected. As described above, also in the automatic lathe 2 of the second embodiment, the misalignment direction detecting means 40e allows the misalignment direction of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1 to be known during frictional joining between the work W1 and the work residual material W2. ..
  • the automatic lathe 2 includes a laser sensor 50 for measuring the distance from the work residual material W2, and the misalignment amount detecting means 40c is based on the output value D of the laser sensor 50.
  • the misalignment amount s is directly detected from the shape of the peripheral side surface of the work residual material W2.
  • the misalignment amount s can be detected more accurately.
  • the laser sensor 50 irradiates the work residual material W2 with a laser in parallel with the X2 axis, and the misalignment amount s and the misalignment of the work residual material W2 with respect to the work W1.
  • the direction was detected, any direction may be used as long as the misalignment amount s can be calculated by the misalignment amount detecting means 40c, and the laser irradiation direction to the work residual material W2 is not limited to parallel to the X2 axis. ..
  • the laser sensor 50 using the laser beam L has been described as an example of the optical sensor, but the optical sensor is not limited to the laser sensor and is appropriately selected according to the measurement accuracy.
  • an optical sensor using emitted light such as LED light may be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
PCT/JP2021/024277 2020-06-30 2021-06-28 工作機械、工作機械の制御方法 Ceased WO2022004625A1 (ja)

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CN202180043055.9A CN115702398B (zh) 2020-06-30 2021-06-28 机床、机床的控制方法
EP21833512.3A EP4129538A4 (en) 2020-06-30 2021-06-28 MACHINE TOOL AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A MACHINE TOOL
JP2022533972A JP7604489B2 (ja) 2020-06-30 2021-06-28 工作機械、工作機械の制御方法
KR1020227041591A KR20230028251A (ko) 2020-06-30 2021-06-28 공작 기계, 공작 기계의 제어 방법
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