WO2022001856A1 - 介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列 - Google Patents

介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022001856A1
WO2022001856A1 PCT/CN2021/102294 CN2021102294W WO2022001856A1 WO 2022001856 A1 WO2022001856 A1 WO 2022001856A1 CN 2021102294 W CN2021102294 W CN 2021102294W WO 2022001856 A1 WO2022001856 A1 WO 2022001856A1
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Prior art keywords
dielectric
antenna
resonant cavity
probe
filter
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PCT/CN2021/102294
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邹孟
石晶
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21834650.0A priority Critical patent/EP4170820A4/en
Priority to KR1020237003022A priority patent/KR20230025489A/ko
Priority to JP2022581001A priority patent/JP7536904B2/ja
Publication of WO2022001856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022001856A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly, to a dielectric filter antenna, an electronic device and an antenna array.
  • RF front-end circuits are the two key components of RF front-end circuits.
  • the antenna and the filter are designed independently, and the two need to be cascaded together through a transmission line or a matching circuit to perform impedance matching, and then work in coordination. Additional transmission lines or matching circuits are bound to increase the size of the overall antenna system, degrade the performance of the overall antenna system, and generate additional transmission losses.
  • the present application provides a dielectric filter antenna, an electronic device and an antenna array, which can avoid the use of transmission lines or matching circuits, have no insertion loss, are small in size and have good return performance.
  • a dielectric filter antenna comprising a dielectric antenna and at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavity, the dielectric antenna is located on the top layer, at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavity is located below the dielectric antenna, the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonator adjacent to the dielectric antenna Energy coupling is performed between the cavities, wherein the materials of the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonator are high dielectric constant ceramic dielectrics.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect includes a dielectric antenna located on the top layer and at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities located below the dielectric antenna. Energy coupling is performed between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna, avoiding the use of transmission lines or matching circuits. , no insertion loss, small size and good return performance.
  • the dielectric antenna of the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect serves both as an antenna and as the last-stage resonant cavity of the dielectric filter, and forms a dielectric filter together with at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities.
  • a dielectric filter antenna is both an antenna and a filter.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect can realize the antenna radiation function while realizing the filter function.
  • the filter structure, the centimeter structure and the radiation structure are co-designed, which can avoid the deterioration of the echo at the input port of the filter due to the cascade effect in the traditional solution.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect may be of a stacked design. Through the stacked design, the transmission line or matching circuit between the filter and the antenna can be avoided, that is, the path of the feeding network can be shortened, thereby reducing the overall insertion loss.
  • the size of the dielectric antenna in the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect is greatly reduced. There is no need to use a transmission line or a matching circuit for connection between the dielectric antenna and at least one layer of the dielectric resonant cavity, so as to avoid insertion loss caused by the use of the transmission line or the matching circuit.
  • the integrated design of the filter and the antenna has a compact overall structure, which can effectively reduce the structure of the antenna system and greatly reduce the size of the antenna system, which is more in line with the development requirements of miniaturization, integration and high performance of the antenna system.
  • both the filter and the antenna are made of high dielectric constant ceramic dielectric, which can effectively reduce the structure size.
  • the entire surface of each dielectric resonant cavity in the at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities has a metal coating.
  • plating a metal layer on the entire surface of the dielectric resonant cavity can prevent the energy leakage of the resonant cavity and improve the performance of the dielectric resonant cavity.
  • a part of the surface of the dielectric antenna has a metal plating layer.
  • a metal layer is plated on part of the surface of the dielectric antenna, so that the frequency of the dielectric antenna can be adjusted.
  • the metal coating material may be silver, gold or tin, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • a gap, a probe or a surface provided on the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna is passed between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna.
  • the metal layer performs energy coupling.
  • one or a combination of the slot, the probe or the surface metal layer can be used to complete the connection between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonator. Energy coupling can avoid insertion loss due to the use of transmission lines or matching circuits.
  • the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna is provided with a first slot inward
  • the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna is provided with a second slot inward
  • the first slot is connected to the second slot. The positions of the slots are aligned, and energy coupling is performed between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna through the first slot and the second slot.
  • the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna is provided with a first probe inward
  • the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna is provided with a second probe inward
  • the first probe Aligned with the position of the second probe, energy coupling is performed between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna through the first probe and the second probe.
  • the first probe and the second probe are both metallized through holes, and the first probe and the second probe are connected by a pad.
  • the side surface of the dielectric antenna has a surface metal layer
  • the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna is provided with a probe inward, the positions of the surface metal layer and the probe are aligned, and the dielectric The energy coupling between the antenna and the dielectric cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna is carried out through the surface metal layer and the probe.
  • the probes are metallized through holes, and the probes and the surface metal layer are connected by pads.
  • the dielectric antenna is a dual-polarized antenna. In this way, a dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna can be formed.
  • an electronic device including the first aspect and the dielectric filter antenna of any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • an antenna array including the dielectric filter antenna of the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and a plurality of dielectric filter antennas form an array according to horizontal and/or vertical directions.
  • the antenna array has a small particle size and a large degree of freedom of layout.
  • the antenna array is applied in a network device, such as a base station.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna and the filter using a transmission line.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna and filter.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of the echo performance of the dielectric filter antenna according to the embodiment of the present application and the existing antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna and the filter using a transmission line (which may be in a module).
  • the filter 110 has an input port 112 and an output port 114
  • the antenna 120 has an input port 122
  • one end of the transmission line 130 is connected to the output port 114 of the filter 110
  • the other end is connected to the input port 122 of the antenna 120 .
  • the transmission line can be replaced with a matching circuit (also known as a feeding circuit).
  • the antenna and filter are independently designed and processed according to the agreed port characteristic impedance, for example, 50 ohms.
  • the port characteristic impedance of the two devices, the filter and the antenna cannot be completely equal to the agreed port characteristic impedance (50 ohms) within the operating bandwidth.
  • the echo performance at the input port 112 of the filter will be severely degraded when the two are cascaded with a transmission line or a matching circuit.
  • a transmission line or matching circuit is required between the filter and the antenna, which causes insertion loss, which in turn increases the loss of the antenna system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna and filter.
  • the passive components of the RF front-end circuit in the existing solution are composed of three parts: a filter 210, a transmission line (or a matching circuit) and an antenna 220 (in FIG. 2, the antenna 220 contains a transmission line or a matching circuit).
  • a filter 210 a transmission line (or a matching circuit)
  • an antenna 220 in FIG. 2, the antenna 220 contains a transmission line or a matching circuit.
  • many components are not conducive to miniaturization.
  • the working bandwidth of the filter and the antenna needs to be larger than the working bandwidth of the antenna system. Since the bandwidth of the antenna is proportional to the size of the antenna, it is difficult to miniaturize the antenna.
  • the present application provides a dielectric filter antenna, an electronic device and an antenna array.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • A is a schematic diagram
  • B is a perspective view.
  • the dielectric filter antenna 300 includes a dielectric antenna 310 and at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavity 320.
  • the dielectric antenna 310 is located on the top layer, and at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavity 320 is located under the dielectric antenna 310.
  • Energy coupling is performed between adjacent dielectric resonators 322, wherein the materials of the dielectric antenna 310 and the dielectric resonator 320 are high dielectric constant ceramic dielectrics.
  • the dielectric filter antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application includes a dielectric antenna located on the top layer and at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities located below the dielectric antenna. Energy coupling is performed between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna, avoiding the use of transmission lines or Matching circuit, no insertion loss, small size and good return performance.
  • the dielectric antenna serves as both an antenna and a last-stage resonant cavity of a dielectric filter, and forms a dielectric filter together with at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiment of the present application is both an antenna and a filter.
  • the filter is composed of a plurality of resonant cavities (resonators).
  • the last stage of the resonant cavity is realized by a dielectric antenna, and the remaining resonant cavities are realized by a dielectric resonant cavity.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiment of the present application is composed of more than or equal to two layers of dielectric blocks (dielectric antennas or dielectric resonant cavities), the top layer is a dielectric antenna, and the remaining layers are dielectric resonant cavities.
  • the dielectric filter antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize the antenna radiation function while realizing the filter function.
  • the filter structure (filter), the centimeter structure (transmission line or matching circuit), and the radiation structure (antenna) are co-designed, which can avoid the echo deterioration of the input port of the filter caused by the cascade effect in the traditional solution. condition.
  • ) of the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiments of the present application are significantly improved, and the radiated power gain of the antenna system is also significantly increased.
  • the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiment of the present application may be designed in a stacked manner. Through the stacked design, the transmission line or matching circuit between the filter and the antenna can be avoided, that is, the path of the feeding network can be shortened, thereby reducing the overall insertion loss.
  • the working bandwidth of the dielectric antenna in the embodiments of the present application may be much lower than the working bandwidth of the antenna system, while the bandwidth of the traditional antenna must be larger than the working bandwidth of the antenna system. Therefore, the size of the dielectric antenna of the embodiment of the present application is greatly reduced. There is no need to use a transmission line or a matching circuit for connection between the dielectric antenna and at least one layer of the dielectric resonant cavity, so as to avoid insertion loss caused by the use of the transmission line or the matching circuit.
  • the integrated design of the filter and the antenna has a compact overall structure, which can effectively reduce the structure of the antenna system and greatly reduce the size of the antenna system, which is more in line with the development needs of miniaturization, integration and high performance of the antenna system.
  • high dielectric constant refers to a higher dielectric constant that can be applied to dielectric antennas or dielectric filters.
  • the dielectric constant can be higher than 6 or higher than 8, etc., but this application does not exclude The dielectric constant is less than or equal to 6 or less than or equal to 8, as long as the filtering and antenna radiation requirements can be met.
  • the high dielectric constant ceramic medium may include, but is not limited to , ceramic materials whose main components are barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), ceramic materials whose main components are barium carbonate (BaCO 3 ), BaO-Ln 2 O 3 - Ceramic materials such as TiO 3 series ceramic materials, composite perovskite series ceramic materials or lead-based perovskite series ceramic materials, or other similar ceramic materials, are not limited in this application.
  • both the filter and the antenna are made of high dielectric constant ceramic medium, which can effectively reduce the structure size.
  • the dielectric antenna in the dielectric filter antenna may be a square cylinder or a cylinder, and the dielectric resonant cavity may also be a square cylinder or a cylinder.
  • the size of the dielectric antenna may be greater than or equal to the size of the dielectric resonant cavity, or may be smaller than the size of the dielectric resonant cavity, which is not limited in this application.
  • each dielectric resonant cavity in the at least one layer of dielectric resonant cavities may have a metal coating. Coating a metal layer on the entire surface of the dielectric resonant cavity can prevent the energy leakage of the resonant cavity and improve the performance of the dielectric resonant cavity.
  • a part of the surface of the dielectric antenna may have a metal plating layer.
  • the frequency of the dielectric antenna can be adjusted by coating a metal layer on part of the surface of the dielectric antenna.
  • Part of the surface may be the whole or part of the top surface of the dielectric antenna, or the whole or part of all or part of the side surface of the dielectric antenna.
  • a part of the surface of the top surface of the dielectric antenna 310 of the dielectric filter antenna 300 shown in FIG. 3 has a metal plating layer 312 .
  • the surface of the dielectric antenna may also not be provided with a metal plating layer, which is not limited in this application.
  • each layer of the dielectric block may be sintered together by metal plating on the surface.
  • the entire surface of the dielectric resonant cavity may be provided with a metal coating, and the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna may be provided with a metal coating to facilitate sintering.
  • the metal coating material of each embodiment of the present application may be silver, gold, tin, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
  • energy is carried out between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna through a slot, a probe or a surface metal layer disposed on the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna. coupling.
  • one or a combination of the slot, the probe or the surface metal layer can be used to complete the energy coupling between the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonator.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna 400 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4 , the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna 410 is provided with a first slot 414 inward, the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity 420 adjacent to the dielectric antenna is provided with a second slot 424 inward, the first slot 414 and the second slot 424 The positions of the dielectric antenna 410 and the dielectric resonant cavity 420 adjacent to the dielectric antenna are aligned, and energy coupling is performed through the first slot 414 and the second slot 424 .
  • the sintered surface (the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonator adjacent to the dielectric antenna (the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna) and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna (the penultimate dielectric resonant cavity)
  • the top surface of the adjacent dielectric resonator and an unmetallized slot is set to realize energy coupling.
  • the slits may be elongated slits as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the first slot 414 may not penetrate the dielectric antenna.
  • the second slot 424 may not penetrate the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna.
  • the specific form of the slot may be a square hole or a round hole, or other shapes, which are not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna 510 is provided with a first probe 514
  • the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity 520 adjacent to the dielectric antenna is provided with a second probe 524 inward.
  • the positions of the two probes 524 are aligned, and the first probe 514 and the second probe 524 perform energy coupling between the dielectric antenna 510 and the dielectric resonant cavity 520 adjacent to the dielectric antenna 510 .
  • the structure shown in Figure 5 on the sintered surface (the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna and the dielectric resonant cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna) and the dielectric resonant cavity (the penultimate-stage dielectric resonant cavity) adjacent to the dielectric antenna (the bottom surface of the dielectric antenna and the phase opposite to the dielectric antenna)
  • the top surface of the adjacent dielectric resonant cavity and the probe is set to realize energy coupling.
  • the first probes 514 and the second probes 524 may both be metallized through holes, and the first probes 514 and the second probes 524 are connected by pads.
  • the probes may be elongated as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the first probe 514 may not penetrate the dielectric antenna.
  • the second probe 524 may not penetrate the dielectric cavity adjacent to the dielectric antenna 510 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric filter antenna 600 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the side surface of the dielectric antenna 610 has a surface metal layer 614, and the top surface of the dielectric resonant cavity 620 adjacent to the dielectric antenna 610 is provided with a probe 624 inward.
  • the positions of the surface metal layer 614 and the probe 624 are aligned, and the dielectric Energy coupling is performed between the antenna 610 and the dielectric resonant cavity 620 adjacent to the dielectric antenna 610 through the surface metal layer 614 and the probe 624 .
  • the probes 624 may be metallized through holes, and the surface metal layer 614 may be a small strip of metal plating layer.
  • the probes may be elongated as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the probe 624 may not penetrate the dielectric antenna.
  • the probes 624 and the surface metal layer 614 may be connected by pads.
  • the dielectric antenna may be a dual-polarized antenna.
  • a dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna can be formed.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna 700 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a in FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna 700;
  • B in FIG. 7 is a top view of the dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna 700;
  • the dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna has two feed ports (connectors), and each feed port corresponds to one channel and one signal.
  • the polarization directions of the two signals may be orthogonal, for example, +45 degrees and -45 degrees.
  • Each signal is filtered by an 8-cavity dielectric resonant cavity, plus a cavity of the dielectric antenna, a total of 9 cavities, that is, 9th order. That is, the dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna shown in FIG. 7 is a dual-polarized ninth-order dielectric filter antenna, and the dual-polarized ninth-order dielectric filter antenna is very common in the antenna system of the base station.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide dielectric filter antennas of other orders. For example, if an additional 8-cavity dielectric resonator is added, a dual-polarized 17th-order dielectric filter antenna can be formed.
  • FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of the echo performance of the dielectric filter antenna according to the embodiment of the present application and the existing antenna.
  • FIG. 8 shows the S-parameters of the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiment of the present application and the existing antenna under the condition of the same antenna size. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that taking the S parameter -20dB as an example, the working bandwidth of the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiment of the present application is about 3.50GHz to 3.63GHz; the working bandwidth of the existing antenna is only about 3.54GHz to 3.57GHz.
  • the working bandwidth of the dielectric filter antenna in the embodiment of the present application is obviously widened, so on the one hand, the echo performance is greatly improved, and on the other hand, the working bandwidth is greatly improved, which is conducive to realizing the miniaturization of the antenna system.
  • the entire structure is formed only by splicing multiple layers of dielectric blocks, and only simple operations such as punching, metal plating, and sintering are required for the dielectric blocks.
  • the dielectric filter antenna has low processing difficulty, low cost and good performance consistency.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the dielectric filter antenna of the embodiments of the present application described above.
  • the present application also provides an antenna array including a plurality of the dielectric filter antennas of the embodiments of the present application described above.
  • multiple dielectric filter antennas form an array according to the horizontal and/or vertical directions.
  • the antenna array of the embodiments of the present application has a small particle size and a large degree of freedom of layout.
  • the dual-polarized dielectric filter antenna unit in this embodiment of the present application may correspond to two channels polarized at ⁇ 45 degrees. Multiple dual-polarized dielectric filter antennas can be used to form an antenna array in any horizontal or vertical direction.
  • the antenna array of the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a network device, for example, a base station.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列，该介质滤波天线包括介质天线和至少一层介质谐振腔，介质天线位于顶层，至少一层介质谐振腔位于介质天线下方，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，其中介质天线和介质谐振腔的材料为高介电常数陶瓷介质。本申请的介质滤波天线的介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，避免使用传输线或匹配电路，无插入损耗、尺寸小并且回波性能好。

Description

介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列
本申请要求于2020年06月29日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010602533.2、发明名称为“介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线领域，更具体地，涉及一种介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列。
背景技术
随着现代无线通信技术的发展，通信系统越来越趋于小型化、集成化和多功能化。相对应地，通信设备对射频前端电路的要求也越来越高，天线和滤波器是射频前端电路的两个关键部件。现有的方案中，天线和滤波器是独立设计的，二者需要通过传输线或匹配电路级联在一起进行阻抗匹配，进而协调工作。额外的传输线或匹配电路势必会增大整个天线系统的尺寸，降低整个天线系统的性能，并且产生额外的传输损耗。
发明内容
本申请提供一种介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列，可以避免使用传输线或匹配电路，无插入损耗、尺寸小并且回波性能好。
第一方面，提供了一种介质滤波天线，包括介质天线和至少一层介质谐振腔，介质天线位于顶层，至少一层介质谐振腔位于介质天线下方，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，其中介质天线和介质谐振腔的材料为高介电常数陶瓷介质。
第一方面的介质滤波天线包括位于顶层的介质天线和位于介质天线下方的至少一层介质谐振腔，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，避免使用传输线或匹配电路，无插入损耗、尺寸小并且回波性能好。
第一方面的介质滤波天线的介质天线既作为天线，又作为介质滤波器的最后一级谐振腔，与至少一层介质谐振腔一同构成介质滤波器。换而言之，介质滤波天线既是天线又是滤波器。第一方面的介质滤波天线在实现滤波器功能的同时，能够实现天线辐射功能。
第一方面的介质滤波天线将滤波结构、公分结构和辐射结构进行协同设计，可以避免传统方案中由于级联效应导致的滤波器的输入端口回波恶化的情况。
第一方面的介质滤波天线可以是叠层式设计的。通过叠层式设计，可以避免滤波器与天线之间的传输线或匹配电路，即可以减短馈电网络的路径，从而减小整体插入损耗。
第一方面的介质滤波天线中的介质天线的尺寸大幅度减小。介质天线和至少一层介质谐振腔之间不需要使用传输线或匹配电路进行连接，避免由于使用传输线或匹配电路引入的插入损耗。将滤波器和天线进行集成融合设计，整体结构紧凑，能够有效地减少天线系统中的结构，大大减小天线系统的尺寸，更符合天线系统小型化、集成化、高性能的发展 需求。
第一方面的介质滤波天线中滤波器和天线均由高介电常数陶瓷介质加工而成，能够有效减小结构尺寸。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，至少一层介质谐振腔中的每个介质谐振腔的全部表面具有金属镀层。本可能的实现方式中，在介质谐振腔的全部表面镀金属层，可以防止谐振腔的能量泄出，提升介质谐振腔的性能。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线的部分表面具有金属镀层。本可能的实现方式中，在介质天线的部分表面镀金属层，可以调节介质天线的频率。
以上可能的实现方式中，金属镀层材料可以是银、金或锡等等，本申请对此不做限定。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过设置在介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔上的缝隙、探针或表面金属层进行能量耦合。本可能的实现方式中，根据介质天线和介质谐振腔的形状、大小和相对位置，可以使用缝隙、探针或表面金属层中的一种或两种的组合，完成介质天线和介质谐振腔的能量耦合，可以避免由于使用传输线或匹配电路引入的插入损耗。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线的底面向内设置有第一缝隙，与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有第二缝隙，第一缝隙与第二缝隙的位置对齐，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过第一缝隙与第二缝隙进行能量耦合。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线的底面向内设置有第一探针，与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有第二探针，第一探针与第二探针的位置对齐，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过第一探针与第二探针进行能量耦合。
在上一可能的实现方式中，第一探针与第二探针均为金属化通孔，第一探针与第二探针之间通过焊盘连接。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线侧面具有表面金属层，与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有探针，表面金属层和探针的位置对齐，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过表面金属层和探针进行能量耦合。
在上一可能的实现方式中，探针为金属化通孔，探针与表面金属层之间通过焊盘连接。
在第一方面的一种可能的实现方式中，介质天线为双极化天线。这样可以形成双极化的介质滤波天线。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括第一方面及第一方面的任一可能的实现方式的介质滤波天线。
第三方面，提供了一种天线阵列，包括第一方面及第一方面的任一可能的实现方式的介质滤波天线，多个介质滤波天线按照水平和/或垂直方向组成阵列。第三方面的天线阵列颗粒度小，布局自由度大。
在第三方面的一种可能的实现方式中，天线阵列应用于网络设备，例如基站中。
附图说明
图1是天线和滤波器用传输线进行连接的示意图。
图2是天线和滤波器的示意图。
图3是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线的示意图。
图4是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线的示意图。
图5是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线的示意图。
图6是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线的示意图。
图7是本申请实施例的双极化的介质滤波天线的示意图。
图8是本申请实施例的介质滤波天线与现有天线的回波性能的对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
首先对现有的天线和滤波器进行简单的说明。
现有的方案中，天线和滤波器按照约定的端口特性阻抗，作为两个部件进行独立设计和加工。图1是天线和滤波器用传输线(可以在模块中)进行连接的示意图。如图1所示，滤波器110具有输入端口112和输出端口114，天线120具有输入端口122，传输线130的一端连接滤波器110的输出端口114，另一端连接天线120的输入端口122。其中，传输线可以替换为匹配电路(又称馈电电路)。天线和滤波器按照约定的端口特性阻抗，例如为50欧姆，进行独立设计和加工。滤波器和天线两个器件的端口特性阻抗在工作带宽范围内都不可能完全等于约定的端口特性阻抗(50欧姆)。将两者用传输线或匹配电路进行级联后，滤波器的输入端口112处的回波性能会严重恶化。此外，滤波器和天线之间需要使用传输线或匹配电路进行连接，这会引起插入损耗，进而增加天线系统的损耗。
图2是天线和滤波器的示意图。如图2所示，现有的方案中射频前端电路的无源器件由滤波器210、传输线(或匹配电路)和天线220(图2中天线220中内含传输线或匹配电路)三个部分组成，部件多不利于小型化。另外，现有的方案中滤波器和天线的工作带宽都需要大于天线系统的工作带宽。由于天线的带宽与天线的尺寸成正比，天线难以小型化。
基于上述问题，本申请提供了一种介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列。
图3是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线300的示意图。其中图3中A是示意图，B是透视图。如图3所示，介质滤波天线300包括介质天线310和至少一层介质谐振腔320，介质天线310位于顶层，至少一层介质谐振腔320位于介质天线310下方，介质天线310和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔322之间进行能量耦合，其中介质天线310和介质谐振腔320的材料为高介电常数陶瓷介质。
本申请实施例提供的介质滤波天线包括位于顶层的介质天线和位于介质天线下方的至少一层介质谐振腔，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，避免使用传输线或匹配电路，无插入损耗、尺寸小并且回波性能好。
本申请实施例中，介质天线既作为天线；又作为介质滤波器的最后一级谐振腔，与至少一层介质谐振腔一同构成介质滤波器。换而言之，本申请实施例的介质滤波天线既是天线又是滤波器。滤波器由多个谐振腔(谐振器)组成，在本申请实施例中最后一级谐振腔由介质天线实现，其余谐振腔由介质谐振腔实现。本申请实施例的介质滤波天线由大于或等于2层介质块(介质天线或介质谐振腔)组成，顶层为介质天线，其余层为介质谐振腔。本申请实施例提供的介质滤波天线在实现滤波器功能的同时，能够实现天线辐射功能。
本申请实施例将滤波结构(滤波器)、公分结构(传输线或匹配电路)和辐射结构(天 线)进行协同设计，可以避免传统方案中由于级联效应导致的滤波器的输入端口回波恶化的情况。本申请实施例的介质滤波天线的S参数(例如|S11|)有明显改善，天线系统的辐射功率收益也有明显增加。
本申请实施例的介质滤波天线可以是叠层式设计的。通过叠层式设计，可以避免滤波器与天线之间的传输线或匹配电路，即可以减短馈电网络的路径，从而减小整体插入损耗。
本申请实施例的介质天线的工作带宽可以远低于天线系统的工作带宽，而传统中天线的带宽必需要大于天线系统的工作带宽。因此，本申请实施例的介质天线的尺寸大幅度减小。介质天线和至少一层介质谐振腔之间不需要使用传输线或匹配电路进行连接，避免由于使用传输线或匹配电路引入的插入损耗。将滤波器和天线进行集成融合设计，整体结构紧凑，能够有效地减少天线系统中的结构，大大减小天线系统的尺寸，更符合天线系统小型化、集成化、高性能的发展需求。
应理解，本申请中，高介电常数是指可应用于介质天线或介质滤波器中的较高的介电常数，例如介电常数可以高于6或高于8等，但本申请不排除介电常数小于或等于6或小于或等于8的情况，只要可以满足滤波以及天线辐射需求即可。
还应理解，本申请中，高介电常数陶瓷介质可以包括但不限于主要成分为钛酸钡(BaTiO 3)的陶瓷材料、碳酸钡(BaCO 3)的陶瓷材料、BaO-Ln 2O 3-TiO 3系列陶瓷材料、复合钙钛矿系列陶瓷材料或铅基钙钛矿系列陶瓷材料等陶瓷材料，或者其他类似的陶瓷材料，本申请对此不做限定。本申请中滤波器和天线均由高介电常数陶瓷介质加工而成，能够有效减小结构尺寸。
在本申请的一些实施例中，介质滤波天线中的介质天线可以是方柱形或圆柱形的，介质谐振腔也可以是方柱形或圆柱形的。介质天线的大小可以大于或等于介质谐振腔的大小，也可以小于介质谐振腔的大小，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，至少一层介质谐振腔中的每个介质谐振腔的全部表面可以具有金属镀层。在介质谐振腔的全部表面镀金属层，可以防止谐振腔的能量泄出，提升介质谐振腔的性能。
在本申请的一些实施例中，介质天线的部分表面可以具有金属镀层。在介质天线的部分表面镀金属层，可以调节介质天线的频率。部分表面可以是介质天线的顶面的整体或部分，也可以是介质天线的全部或部分侧面的整体或部分。例如，图3所示的介质滤波天线300的介质天线310的顶面的部分表面具有金属镀层312。介质天线的表面也可以不设置金属镀层，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，各层介质块可以通过表面的金属镀层烧结在一起。介质谐振腔的全部表面可以具有金属镀层，介质天线的底面可以具有金属镀层，以方便烧结。
本申请各实施例的金属镀层材料可以是银、金或锡等等，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过设置在介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔上的缝隙、探针或表面金属层进行能量耦合。其中根据介质天线和介质谐振腔的形状、大小和相对位置，可以使用缝隙、探针或表面金属层中的一种或两种的组合，完成介质天线和介质谐振腔的能量耦合。
在一些具体的实施例中，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔可以通过缝隙进行能量耦合。图4是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线400的示意图。如图4所示，介质 天线410的底面向内设置有第一缝隙414，与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔420的顶面向内设置有第二缝隙424，第一缝隙414与第二缝隙424的位置对齐，介质天线410和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔420之间通过第一缝隙414与第二缝隙424进行能量耦合。
图4所示的结构，在介质天线(最后一级介质谐振腔)和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔(倒数第二级介质谐振腔)的烧结面(介质天线的底面和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面)，设置未金属化的缝隙实现能量耦合。缝隙可以是如图4所示的长条形缝隙。第一缝隙414可以不贯穿介质天线。第二缝隙424可以不贯穿与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔。缝隙的具体形式可以是方孔或圆孔，也可以是其他形状，本申请对此不做限定。
在一些具体的实施例中，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔可以通过探针进行能量耦合。图5是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线500的示意图。如图5所示，介质天线510的底面向内设置有第一探针514，与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔520的顶面向内设置有第二探针524，第一探针514与第二探针524的位置对齐，介质天线510和与介质天线510相邻的介质谐振腔520之间通过第一探针514与第二探针524进行能量耦合。
图5所示的结构，在介质天线(最后一级介质谐振腔)和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔(倒数第二级介质谐振腔)的烧结面(介质天线的底面和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面)，设置探针实现能量耦合。具体地，第一探针514与第二探针524可以均为金属化通孔，第一探针514与第二探针524之间通过焊盘连接。探针可以是如图5所示的长条形。第一探针514可以不贯穿介质天线。第二探针524可以不贯穿与介质天线510相邻的介质谐振腔。
在一些具体的实施例中，介质天线和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔可以通过探针+表面金属层的形式进行能量耦合。图6是本申请的实施例提供的介质滤波天线600的示意图。如图6所示，介质天线610侧面具有表面金属层614，与介质天线610相邻的介质谐振腔620的顶面向内设置有探针624，表面金属层614和探针624的位置对齐，介质天线610和与介质天线610相邻的介质谐振腔620之间通过表面金属层614和探针624进行能量耦合。
图6所示的结构，在介质天线(最后一级介质谐振腔)和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔(倒数第二级介质谐振腔)的烧结面(介质天线的底面和与介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面)向内，设置表面金属层和探针实现能量耦合。具体地，探针624可以为金属化通孔，表面金属层614可以是长条形的一小块金属镀层。探针可以是如图6所示的长条形。探针624可以不贯穿介质天线。探针624与表面金属层614之间可以通过焊盘连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，介质天线可以为双极化天线。这样可以形成双极化的介质滤波天线。图7是本申请实施例的双极化的介质滤波天线700的示意图。其中图7中的A为双极化的介质滤波天线700的立体图；图7中的B为双极化的介质滤波天线700的俯视图；图7中的C为双极化的介质滤波天线700的测视图。如图7所示，双极化的介质滤波天线具有两个馈电口(连接器)，每个馈电口对应一个通道，对应一路信号。两路信号的极化方向可以是正交的，例如为+45度和-45度。每一路信号经过一个8腔的介质谐振腔滤波，加上介质天线的一个腔，共9个腔，即9阶。即图7示出的双极化的介质滤波天线为双极化9阶介质滤波天线，双极化9阶介质滤波天线在基站的天线系统中很常见。本申请实施例还提供其他阶数的介质滤波天线。例如，如果再增加一层8腔的介质谐振腔，可 以形成双极化17阶介质滤波天线。
本申请各实施例提供的介质滤波天线的回波性能大幅提高。图8是本申请实施例的介质滤波天线与现有天线的回波性能的对比图。图8示出了天线尺寸相同条件下，本申请实施例的介质滤波天线与现有天线的S参数。从图8中可以看出以S参数-20dB为例，本申请实施例的介质滤波天线的工作带宽约从3.50GHz至3.63GHz；现有天线的工作带宽仅为约从3.54GHz至3.57GHz。本申请实施例的介质滤波天线的工作带宽增宽很明显，这样一方面回波性能大幅提高，另一方面工作带宽大大改善有利于实现天线系统小型化。
本申请各实施例提供的介质滤波天线，整结构仅由多层介质块拼接而成，并且只需要对介质块进行打孔、镀金属和烧结等简单操作。介质滤波天线加工难易度低、成本低，性能一致性好。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，其包括前文描述的本申请实施例的介质滤波天线。
本申请还提供了一种天线阵列，包括多个前文描述的本申请实施例的介质滤波天线。天线阵列中，多个介质滤波天线按照水平和/或垂直方向组成阵列。
本申请实施例的天线阵列颗粒度小，布局自由度大。本申请实施例的双极化的介质滤波天线单元可以对应±45度极化的2个通道。可以利用多个双极化的介质滤波天线进行任意水平、垂直向组阵形成天线阵列。
本申请实施例的天线阵列可以应用于网络设备中，例如应用于基站中。
应理解，本文中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的范围。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种介质滤波天线，其特征在于，包括介质天线和至少一层介质谐振腔，所述介质天线位于顶层，所述至少一层介质谐振腔位于所述介质天线下方，所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间进行能量耦合，其中所述介质天线和所述介质谐振腔的材料为高介电常数陶瓷介质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过设置在所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔上的缝隙、探针或表面金属层进行能量耦合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线的底面向内设置有第一缝隙，与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有第二缝隙，所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙的位置对齐，所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过所述第一缝隙与所述第二缝隙进行能量耦合。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线的底面向内设置有第一探针，与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有第二探针，所述第一探针与所述第二探针的位置对齐，所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过所述第一探针与所述第二探针进行能量耦合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述第一探针与所述第二探针均为金属化通孔，所述第一探针与所述第二探针之间通过焊盘连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线侧面具有表面金属层，与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔的顶面向内设置有探针，所述表面金属层和所述探针的位置对齐，所述介质天线和与所述介质天线相邻的介质谐振腔之间通过所述表面金属层和所述探针进行能量耦合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述探针为金属化通孔，所述探针与所述表面金属层之间通过焊盘连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线为双极化天线。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述介质天线的部分表面具有金属镀层。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的介质滤波天线，其特征在于，所述至少一层介质谐振腔中的每个介质谐振腔的全部表面具有金属镀层。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的介质滤波天线。
  12. 一种天线阵列，其特征在于，包括多个如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的介质滤波天线，所述多个介质滤波天线按照水平和/或垂直方向组成阵列。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线阵列，其特征在于，所述天线阵列应用于网络设备中。
PCT/CN2021/102294 2020-06-29 2021-06-25 介质滤波天线、电子设备和天线阵列 WO2022001856A1 (zh)

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