WO2022000033A1 - Procédés améliorés de greffage de plantes - Google Patents

Procédés améliorés de greffage de plantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022000033A1
WO2022000033A1 PCT/AU2021/050693 AU2021050693W WO2022000033A1 WO 2022000033 A1 WO2022000033 A1 WO 2022000033A1 AU 2021050693 W AU2021050693 W AU 2021050693W WO 2022000033 A1 WO2022000033 A1 WO 2022000033A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
interstock
scion
rootstock
grafted
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2021/050693
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English (en)
Inventor
Carmin DIMASE
Original Assignee
Carmin Dimase Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2020902234A external-priority patent/AU2020902234A0/en
Application filed by Carmin Dimase Pty Ltd filed Critical Carmin Dimase Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2021301453A priority Critical patent/AU2021301453A1/en
Publication of WO2022000033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022000033A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the fields of horticulture and agriculture, and particularly to the production of plants using grafting techniques. 0 BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
  • the “scion” of a first species is grafted onto the tmnk of a “rootstock” of a second species.
  • the scion portion forms the upper part of the grafted plant and is selected for some advantageous feature such as the production of high quality fruit or an0 aesthetically pleasing flower.
  • scions from multiple species or varieties may be grafted onto a single rootstock so as to, for example, produce a tree bearing two or more fruit species or varieties.
  • the rootstock may be chosen for vigour, hardiness, disease resistance, water5 tolerance, or to restrict tree height for example. Generally, the rootstock is grown for at least a year before grafting is performed.
  • the vascular cambium tissues of the rootstock and scion portions must make physical contact with each other such that a functional union between0 the vascular cambium of each tissue is established.
  • non-vascular structural tissues of the scion and rootstock do not form any useful union.
  • the higher the genetic relatedness of the scion and rootstock the more likely a functional graft union will form.
  • the success rate is typically low when grafting is attempted between plants of the same
  • a scion/rootstock combination forms a functional plant at first instance, however the viability of the plant decreases time until its economic value is lost,0 or it dies. Such combinations could nevertheless be considered incompatible given that the union fails or is compromised albeit after the elapse of some time. In some cases the incompatibility may not be apparent for at least five or ten years. Whatever the time frame, failure of a grafted plant is to be avoided given the economic costs associated with removal and replacement with a new plant. 5
  • an “interstock” portion of a third plant may be used.
  • the interstock portion is capable of forming a functional union with both the rootstock and scion portions such that an indirect vascular connection is formed between the scion and rootstock. While the prior art provides various methods for0 interstock-mediated grafting, such methods can present one or more problems.
  • a first problem may arise for grafting methods requiring “bark slip”, i.e. the bark of the rootstock being readily separable from the underlying tissues to form a bark flap. In such methods the interstock and part of the scion are maintained under the bark flap. While5 generally effective, some expertise is required to carefully peel away the bark in a manner that does not unduly damage underlying tissues and to form a recess that is appropriately sized and shaped so as to snugly receive the interstock and scion portions.
  • a second problem may arise in that bark slip presents only during certain windows0 of time in the rootstock growth cycle, thereby prohibiting year-round production of grafted plants. [Oil].
  • a third problem may arise for bark slip reliant methods in that only rootstocks having a relatively large diameter tmnk may be useful, thereby excluding the use of smaller rootstock seedlings. It can be difficult, if not impossible, to provide bark flaps of sufficient
  • a fourth problem may arise in that a bark flaps may overlie some or all of the interstock.
  • the flaps may also overlie some or all of the interface between the interstock and the scion portions, and/or some or all of the interface between the interstock and the0 rootstock portions. In such circumstances the overlying preventing or inhibiting visual assessment that the graft has successfully taken.
  • a fifth problem may arise in that for certain combinations of incompatible scion and rootstock, complex methods and/or extended nursery time is required to overcome the5 incompatibility.
  • a commercially important example presents in grafting certain citms varieties to the trifoliate orange ( Poncirus trifoliata ) rootstock.
  • One such citms variety is the “Imperial” variety of mandarin which, if grafted to trifoliate orange rootstock results in a tree of limited lifespan (typically less than ten years). That problem is overcome in the art at present by a multi-step process requiring the grafting of a compatible scion, allowing0 that scion to grow and then grafting the incompatible scion to a stem of the grown compatible scion. This multi-step procedure adds considerable nursery time and associated expense in the production of an Imperial mandarin tree.
  • a sixth problem may arise where a grafted scion has not taken successfully to the5 rootstock. In such a circumstance, the rootstock is wasted or may need to be re grafted.
  • any of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth problems may present solus, and the present invention (in one or more embodiments) overcomes or ameliorates that problem.
  • any combination of two, three, four or five of the first,0 second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth problems may present and the present invention (in one or more embodiments) overcomes or ameliorates such combination.
  • All six of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth problems may present and the present invention (in one or more embodiments) overcomes or ameliorates all six problems.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing a grafted plant, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plant rootstock portion, a plant scion portion comprising bud tissue, and a plant interstock portion; disposing the plant interstock portion between the plant rootstock portion and the plant scion portion such that the plant interstock portion is contacted with5 the plant rootstock portion and the plant interstock portion; wherein the plant rootstock, interstock and scion portions are prepared, and the steps of disposing and contacting are performed such that a functional union is formed between (i) the plant rootstock portion and the plant interstock portion and (ii) the plant interstock portion and the plant scion portion. 0 [019].
  • the plant scion portion is obtained from a plant of the genus Citrus.
  • the plant of the genus Citrus is Citrus
  • the plant rootstock portion is incapable of forming sufficient functional union with the plant scion portion such that the grafted plant is viable for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 years.
  • the plant rootstock portion is incapable of forming sufficient functional union with a scion obtained from Citrus reticulata such that the grafted plant is viable for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 years. 5 [023]. In one embodiment of the first aspect, the plant rootstock portion is obtained from a plant of the genus Poncirus.
  • the plant of the genus Poncirus is Poncirus trifoliata. 0
  • the plant interstock portion isobtained from a Citrus x sinensis plant.
  • a portion of the plant rootstock portion has5 been removed to expose a region configured to contact and form a functional union with a surface of the plant interstock portion and the plant scion portion.
  • the method comprises mobilising a region of bark of the plant rootstock portion so as to accommodate the plant interstock portion and/or0 the plant scion portion such that the mobilised region of bark overlies a region of the plant interstock portion and/or a region of the plant scion portion.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises or is devoid of bud tissue.
  • the rootstock is devoid of a region of bark which has been mobilized and/or the method is devoid of the step of mobilising a region of bark of the plant rootstock portion.
  • the method comprises removing a portion of the bark of the plant rootstock portion so as to provide a contact surface configured to contact and form a functional union with the plant interstock portion and/or the plant scion portion.
  • the contact surface of the plant rootstock5 portion is configured to contact the plant interstock portion and/or the plant scion portion is elongate and a surface of the plant interstock portion and/or the plant scion portion is configured to contact the contact surface is elongate.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises (i) a0 first contact surface configured to contact and form a functional union with a contact surface of the plant rootstock portion, and (ii) a second contact surface configured to contact and form a functional union with a contact surface of the plant scion portion.
  • the first contact surface is adjacent to the5 second contact surface.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises bud tissue. 0 [035]. In one embodiment of the first aspect, the bud tissue extends from a position below the second contact surface. [036]. In one embodiment of the first aspect, the method comprises the steps of causing or allowing a bud shoot to form from the bud tissue of the plant interstock portion to burst and then removing the bud shoot.
  • the method comprises the step of applying binding means to maintain contact between (i) the plant rootstock portion and the plant interstock portion and (ii) the plant interstock portion and the plant scion portion.
  • the present invention provides a plant interstock portion for producing a grafted plant, the plant interstock portion comprising an inward facing surface configured to contact and form a functional union with a plant rootstock portion, a first outwardly directed contact surface configured to contact and form a functional union with a contact surface of the plant scion portion, and (ii) a second outwardly directed surface5 that is incapable of contacting and forming a functional union with a contact surface of the plant scion portion.
  • the plant interstock portion is elongate. 0 [040]. In one embodiment of the second aspect, the first outwardly directed contact surface is positioned above or below the second outwardly directed surface.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises bud tissue. 5
  • the bud tissue extends from the second outwardly directed surface.
  • the plant interstock portion is compatible0 with a plant scion portion of the genus Citrus such as Citrus reticulata and also a rootstock portion of the genus Poncirus such as Poncirus trifoliate.
  • the present invention provides a grafted plant produced from a plant rootstock portion, a plant interstock portion and a plant scion portion, wherein a functional union has formed or in the process of forming between (i) the plant rootstock
  • the plant scion portion is obtained from a plant of the genus Citrus. 0
  • the plant of the genus Citrus is Citrus reticulata.
  • the plant rootstock portion is incapable of5 forming a functional union with the plant scion portion.
  • the plant rootstock portion is incapable of forming a function union with a scion obtained from Citrus reticulata 0 [049]. In one embodiment of the third aspect, the plant rootstock portion is obtained from a plant of the genus Poncirus.
  • the plant of the genus Poncirus is Poncirus trifoliata. 5
  • the plant interstock portion is a chip configured to be predominantly or completely overlaid by the plant scion portion.
  • a portion of the plant rootstock portion has0 been removed to provide a region which contacts and forms a functional union with a surface of the plant interstock portion.
  • the grafted plant comprises a previously mobilised region of bark of the plant rootstock portion which accommodates the plant interstock portion and/or the plant scion portion such that the previously mobilised region
  • plant interstock portion is devoid of bud tissue.
  • the rootstock is devoid of a region of bark which has been previously mobilised.
  • the plant rootstock portion has a portion of5 its bark removed so as to provide a contact surface which contacts and forms a functional union with the plant interstock portion.
  • the contact surface configured to contact the plant interstock portion is elongate and a surface of the plant interstock portion which0 contacts the contact surface is elongate.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises (i) a first outwardly directed contact surface which contacts and forms a functional union with a contact surface of the plant scion portion, and (ii) a second outwardly directed surface5 that is incapable of contacting and forming a functional union with a contact surface of the plant scion portion.
  • the first outwardly directed contact surface is positioned above or below the second outwardly directed surface.
  • the plant interstock portion comprises bud tissue and/or a bud shoot.
  • the bud tissue and/or the bud shoot extends from the second outwardly directed surface.
  • a bud shoot has been removed.
  • the bud tissue and/or the stump of a removed bud shoot is callused.
  • the grafted plant comprises binding means which maintains contact between (i) the plant rootstock portion and the plant interstock portion and (ii) the plant interstock portion and the plant scion portion.
  • the plant interstock portion is not partially or fully obscured by a bark portion of the plant rootstock portion.
  • the functional unions formed between (i) the plant rootstock portion and the plant interstock portion and (ii) the plant interstock portion and the plant scion portion are both visible.
  • the grafted plant is produced by the method of any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • the present invention provides the combination of the plant interstock portion of any embodiment of the second aspect with a plant rootstock portion and/or a plant scion portion. [069]. In one embodiment of the fourth aspect, the combination comprises the plant interstock portion of any embodiment of the second aspect with a plant rootstock portion and a plant scion portion.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically a preferred method of the present invention whereby an interstock having bud tissue allows for the grafting of a scion to an otherwise0 incompatible rootstock.
  • the diagrams run left to right in accordance with the sequence of the method steps.
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph of a rootstock ( Poncirus trifoliata ) grafted to an Imperial mandarin scion using a sweet orange interstock chip having bud tissue. The photograph5 was taken four weeks after budding and with the budding tape removed.
  • a rootstock Poncirus trifoliata
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph of a rootstock ( Poncirus trifoliata ) grafted to an Imperial mandarin scion using a sweet orange interstock chip having bud tissue. The photograph was taken after the development of interstock and scion budshoots (around 8 weeks after0 grafting). The top of the rootstock seedling has been removed to force growth of the new interstock and scion budshoots.
  • a rootstock Poncirus trifoliata
  • FIG. 4 is a photograph of a rootstock ( Poncirus trifoliata) grafted to an Imperial mandarin scion using a sweet orange interstock chip having bud tissue.
  • the photograph5 was taken after the development of interstock and scion budshoots, and the subsequent removal of the interstock budshoot to leave the scion shoot only.
  • the directional terms “outwardly directed” and “inwardly directed” are to be considered with reference to a plant in that “outwardly directed means generally0 toward the environment of the plant, and “inwardly directed” means generally away from the environment of the plant.
  • the relative positional terms “above” and “below” are to be considered with reference to a plant in a normal generally upward growing orientation with roots in a substrate and the remainder of the plant extending generally away from the substrate and toward the sky.
  • the present invention is predicated at least in part on the inventor’s discovery that grafting techniques can be performed by methods which do not require bark slip, or the growth of an intermediate scion before grafting of a target scion.
  • the present invention is predicated at least in part on the inventor’s discovery that the use of a plant interstock0 portion in the form of a chip having bud tissue is useful in producing grafted plants.
  • the present invention is predicated at least in part on the inventor’s discovery that a Citrus spp scion can be grafted to a Poncirus trifoliata rootstock by the use of a plant interstock portion in the form of a chip, the chip having bud tissue or being devoid of bud tissue. 5
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a series of diagrams showing a preferred method of the present invention.
  • the first step is selecting a rootstock, according to any desirable property or any5 advantage it may confer to the resultant grafted plant.
  • a portion of the rootstock tmnk is marked (10).
  • the second step is the cutting a portion of bark and underlying tissue from the rootstock trunk (10) to form an elongate cavity having an outwardly facing contact surface0 (15).
  • the removal is effected by use of a sharp blade being urged downwardly along the tmnk in a first cut graduating from shallow to deep.
  • a second cut is made toward the bottom, the cut being angled generally downwardly so as to intersect with the first cut thereby excising a portion of the rootstock tmnk (10).
  • the excised portion is discarded.
  • the second cut forms a generally upwardly directed angled contact surface (16), and also a small notch (17) on the rootstock tmnk (10) within
  • the outwardly facing contact surface (15) and upwardly facing contact surface (16) each has exposed cambium vascular elements (including xylem and phloem).
  • the third step involves disposing a chip-shaped interstock portion (100) into the0 cavity so as to contact the outward facing contact surface (15) of the rootstock portion (10). Further detail of the interstock portion (100) is shown at FIG. 3, and will be explained at this point of the description given the relevance to the method shown at FIG. 1.
  • the interstock portion (100) has been obtained by cutting a bud (105) from a donor5 plant (not drawn) which is compatible with the rootstock. In cutting out the bud (105), an inwardly facing contact surface (110) is formed to expose vascular cambium tissue (not drawn). A generally upwardly facing contact surface (115), and a generally opposed downwardly facing contact surface (116) are formed in the course of cutting out the bud from the interstock donor plant. It will be noted from the drawing of step 3. 0
  • the plant interstock portion is obtained from a plant of the genus Citrus, and selected so as to allow for the compatible grafting of the selected plant scion portion to the selected plant rootstock portion.
  • the plant scion portion is Imperial mandarin ( Citrus reticulata).
  • the5 interstock portion should be different (i.e. not Citms reticulata) given the known incompatibility with the Poncirus trifoliata rootstock.
  • the interstock is a Citrus x sinensis, and particularly a “Valencia” cultivar.
  • a scion portion (200) is prepared, and as discussed above is obtained from an0 Imperial mandarin ( Citrus reticulata) plant and contacted with the contact surface (15) of the rootstock portion (10) as shown at the fourth step of FIG. 1. It will be noted from the drawing that the contact surfaces (115) and (215) are shaped and dimensioned so as to mutually complimentary in so far as mutual contact is made across the surfaces (115) and (215).
  • the scion portion (200) is prepared by cutting a bud (205) from a donor plant (not drawn). In cutting out the bud (205) an inwardly facing contact surface (210) is formed, having exposed vascular cambium tissue (not drawn). An upwardly facing contact surface (215) is further formed in the course of cutting out the bud from the scion plant.. It will be understood from the0 fourth step of FIG. 1 that exposed cambia of the scion portion (200) and interstock portion (100) are brought together by way of abutment of the contact surfaces (115) and (215).
  • the abutment provides the opportunity for a functional union to form such that water and nutrients can flow between the scion portion (200) and the interstock portion (100). It will be understood that water and nutrients may flow also between the rootstock portion (10)5 and the interstock portion (100), and also between the rootstock portion (10) and the scion portion (200). Rather than flow directly between the scion portion (200) and the interstock portion (100), water and nutrients may flow between the scion portion (200) and the interstock portion (100) via the rootstock portion (10). 0 [090]. From the arrangement shown at step four of FIG.
  • the surfaces interfacing with the environment of the rootstock portion (10), the interstock portion (100) and the scion portion (200) are all bark covered and therefore provide protection for the surfaces having exposed cambium tissue (15), (110), (115). 5 [091].
  • the arrangement shown at step 4 of FIG. 1 is maintained in place by wrapping budding tape thereabout, and the resultant grafted plant being maintained with water, nutrients, light and any other requirements.
  • Budding tape is removed after about four weeks, and as shown in FIG. 4 the tissues0 of the rootstock (10), interstock (100) and scion (200) have fused, although lines of demarcation remain, as exemplified by the light coloured boarders apparent about and between the interstock portion (100) and the scion portion (200). As shown in FIG. 2 the budding tissues (105) and (205) have not yet formed bud shoots.
  • FIG. 5 shows the situation about eight weeks after grafting, with bud shoots (120)
  • FIG. 6 shows the situation where the interstock budshoots have been removed, leaving the scion portion budshoots (120).
  • the stump of the removed interstock budshoot is marked (130).
  • the stump (130) will eventually form a callus, leaving only scion stems and foliage on the hybrid tree. 5
  • the method may be operable whereby the interstock portion0 and scion portions are brought together to form a combination as a first step, with that combination being contacted to the rootstock portion in a second step to form the arrangement as shown in step 4 of FIG. 1.
  • the embodiments exemplified in the drawings overcome the problems associated with the use of grafting methods reliant on bark slip in the rootstock portion. As will be now appreciated, the present methods do not require the mobilisation of any mobilised bark portion to form a flap. As shown at step 2 of FIG. 1, a portion of rootstock bark and some underlying tissue is completely removed by cutting, and discarded with no bark flap being formed. Accordingly, the present method0 may be utilised year-round and having no regard as to whether or not the bark of the rootstock portion is in a state where it is readily separable. [098].
  • the embodiments exemplified in the drawings overcome the problems associated with the use of grafting methods on small diameter rootstock portions. It is difficult or impossible to provide bark flaps of a useful
  • the plant can nevertheless be0 maintained and grown for sale where the interstock portion comprises budding tissue.
  • the interstock portion becomes the new scion portion.
  • the original scion portion can be cut back and left to callus so as to leave shoots and foliage from only the new scion portion. 5 [101].
  • the embodiments exemplified in the drawings overcome the extended nursery time for propagating some plant species (such as Citrus species) by grafting.
  • the extended nursery time may arise from the need to firstly graft an interstock stem to a rootstock tmnk, wait for a functional union to form and for the interstock stem to grow sufficiently so as to be capable of supporting a scion. 0 Once the interstock stem has grown sufficiently, the scion is then grafted thereonto and the resultant hybrid tree allowed to grow. [102].
  • the present invention has been described in some regards with reference to specific scion/interstock/rootstock combinations. It is contemplated however that the present methods may be extended to other combinations, and particularly other combinations

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte généralement aux domaines de l'horticulture et de l'agriculture et en particulier à la production de plantes à l'aide de techniques de greffage. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de production d'une plante greffée, comprenant la fourniture d'une partie porte-greffe de plante, d'une partie greffon de plante comprenant un tissu de bourgeon et d'une partie greffon intermédiaire de plante. La partie greffon intermédiaire de plante est disposée entre, et vient en contact avec, la partie porte-greffe de plante et la partie greffon de plante de telle sorte qu'un point de greffe fonctionnel est formé entre (i) la partie porte-greffe de plante et la partie greffon intermédiaire de plante et (ii) la partie greffon intermédiaire de plante et la partie greffon de plante. Un greffon de plante particulièrement préféré est obtenu à partir d'une plante du genre Citrus.
PCT/AU2021/050693 2020-07-01 2021-06-30 Procédés améliorés de greffage de plantes WO2022000033A1 (fr)

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AU2021301453A AU2021301453A1 (en) 2020-07-01 2021-06-30 Improved methods of grafting plants

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AU2020902234A AU2020902234A0 (en) 2020-07-01 Improved methods of grafting plants
AU2020902234 2020-07-01

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023031939A1 (fr) * 2021-09-05 2023-03-09 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization (Aro) (Volcani Institute) Compositions et procédés d'atténuation du hlb

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523600A (en) * 1947-12-01 1950-09-26 Stark Bro S Nurseries And Orch Method of plant propagation
EP2548433B1 (fr) * 2011-07-18 2016-02-17 BVBA Carolus C. Arbre fruitier de pépinière
EP3207789A1 (fr) * 2014-10-17 2017-08-23 National University Corporation Nagoya University Corps végétal greffé et son procédé de production

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2523600A (en) * 1947-12-01 1950-09-26 Stark Bro S Nurseries And Orch Method of plant propagation
EP2548433B1 (fr) * 2011-07-18 2016-02-17 BVBA Carolus C. Arbre fruitier de pépinière
EP3207789A1 (fr) * 2014-10-17 2017-08-23 National University Corporation Nagoya University Corps végétal greffé et son procédé de production

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Title
BILDERBACK, ET AL.: "Grafting and Budding Nursery Crop Plants", NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE, 30 June 2014 (2014-06-30), XP055895846, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.newberg.k12.or.us/sites/default/files/fileattachments/newberg_high_school/page/3487/grafting_and_budding_nursery_crop_plants.pdf> *
PALMER JOHN: "Apples and pears - rootstocks and tree management", TE ARA - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEW ZEALAND, 24 November 2008 (2008-11-24), XP055895844, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://teara.govt.nz/en/apples-and-pears/page-4> *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023031939A1 (fr) * 2021-09-05 2023-03-09 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization (Aro) (Volcani Institute) Compositions et procédés d'atténuation du hlb

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