WO2021260947A1 - 二重殻タンク及び船舶 - Google Patents

二重殻タンク及び船舶 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021260947A1
WO2021260947A1 PCT/JP2020/025367 JP2020025367W WO2021260947A1 WO 2021260947 A1 WO2021260947 A1 WO 2021260947A1 JP 2020025367 W JP2020025367 W JP 2020025367W WO 2021260947 A1 WO2021260947 A1 WO 2021260947A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
shell
double
inner tank
heat insulating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/025367
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
太一郎 下田
晴彦 冨永
邦彦 持田
常夫 高橋
達也 今井
広崇 ▲高▼田
洋輝 中土
直人 高梨
Original Assignee
川崎重工業株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 川崎重工業株式会社 filed Critical 川崎重工業株式会社
Priority to JP2022532229A priority Critical patent/JP7345657B2/ja
Priority to EP20942157.7A priority patent/EP4174361A4/en
Priority to KR1020237001208A priority patent/KR20230021749A/ko
Priority to PCT/JP2020/025367 priority patent/WO2021260947A1/ja
Priority to CN202080102369.7A priority patent/CN115720616A/zh
Publication of WO2021260947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021260947A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/082—Arrangements for minimizing pollution by accidents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B2025/087—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid comprising self-contained tanks installed in the ship structure as separate units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double-shell tank including an outer tank and an inner tank, and a structure of a ship equipped with the double-shell tank.
  • a double-shell tank has been known as a tank for storing a low-temperature liquid.
  • a double-shell tank is generally an inner tank that houses a low-temperature liquid, an outer tank that covers the inner tank from the outside at a predetermined interval, and a heat insulating layer formed between the inner tank and the outer tank. And prepare.
  • the heat insulating layer is formed of, for example, a granular heat insulating material filled between the inner tank and the outer tank, and pearlite is used as the granular heat insulating material.
  • the granular heat insulating material is filled so as to fill the space between the inner tank and the outer tank with the inner tank empty. Therefore, when a low-temperature liquid is supplied to the inner tank and the inner tank heat shrinks, the distance between the inner tank and the outer tank widens, and the granular heat insulating material filled between the inner tank and the outer tank can settle. There is sex. When the granular heat insulating material is settled, a space where the granular heat insulating material does not exist is created at the top of the double-shell tank, and the thickness of the heat insulating layer at the top of the tank is reduced.
  • the "tank top” means a portion corresponding to the top of the double-shell tank in the space outside the inner tank and inside the outer tank. If a portion of the double-shell tank has an insufficient thickness of the heat insulating layer, the heat insulating property of the portion deteriorates. Due to the deterioration of heat insulation, the cold heat of the inner tank is transmitted to the outer tank, which may cause frost on the outer tank and cause corrosion of the outer tank. Further, if the amount of heat input to the inner tank increases due to the deterioration of the heat insulating property, the amount of boil-off gas of the low-temperature liquid increases, and the pressure in the inner tank may become excessive.
  • an inner heat insulating layer made of an elastic material (glass wool) that can be expanded and contracted in the radial direction of the inner tank and an outer heat insulating layer made of a filler (pearlite) are used. It has a heat insulating layer consisting of two layers, inside and outside. In this double-shell tank, the gap generated in the heat insulating layer due to the heat shrinkage of the inner tank is filled with the expanded elastic material, and the sedimentation of the filler is suppressed.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to approach even after the granular heat insulating material has settled due to shrinkage deformation of the inner tank from an approach different from that of the double shell tank of Patent Document 1. It is an object of the present invention to provide a double-shell tank capable of holding a heat insulating layer having an appropriate thickness at the top of the tank and a ship equipped with the double-shell tank.
  • the double shell tank according to one aspect of the present invention is A non-true spherical hollow shell-shaped inner tank with a storage section inside,
  • the outer tank that covers the inner tank and A granular heat insulating material that is filled in the space surrounded by the outer wall of the inner tank and the inner wall of the outer tank to form a heat insulating layer is provided.
  • the size of the top gap between the inner tank and the outer tank during emptying is larger than the size of the bottom gap between the inner tank and the outer tank, and the granular heat insulating material in the top gap during emptying
  • the thickness is characterized by being larger than the size of the bottom gap.
  • the center of the outer tank may be located above the center of the inner tank.
  • each of the outer tank and the inner tank is composed of a lower hemisphere shell portion, an upper hemisphere shell portion, and a tubular body portion connecting the lower hemisphere shell portion and the upper hemisphere shell portion.
  • the height of the body of the tank may be higher than the height of the body of the inner tank.
  • the size of the top gap at the time of emptying corresponds to the size of the bottom gap and the volume of the void generated by the sedimentation of the granular heat insulating material due to the shrinkage deformation of the inner tank. It is desirable that the value is equal to or greater than the value obtained by adding the height from the top of the outer tank.
  • the ship according to one aspect of the present invention is equipped with a double-shell tank having the above configuration.
  • the size of the top gap of the double-shell tank is larger than the size of the bottom gap, so that a heat insulating layer thicker than the bottom of the tank is formed on the top of the tank when empty.
  • a double-shell tank capable of holding a heat insulating layer having an appropriate thickness at the top of the tank even after the granular heat insulating material has settled due to shrinkage deformation of the inner tank, and a ship equipped with the double-shell tank. be able to.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a ship equipped with a double-shell tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of an empty double-shell tank according to the first embodiment of the present invention when the tank is empty.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the double-shell tank shown in FIG. 2 when fully loaded.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double-shell tank according to the second embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the double shell tank shown in FIG. 4 when fully loaded.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double-shell tank according to the third embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a ship equipped with a double-shell tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of an empty double-shell tank according to the first
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the double-shell tank shown in FIG. 6 when the tank is fully loaded.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double-shell tank according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double-shell tank according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a ship 5 equipped with a double-shell tank 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ship 5 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, a liquefied gas carrier.
  • the double shell tank 1 is used for storing low-temperature liquids such as liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, and liquefied natural gas.
  • a bridge 52 is provided on the upper rear side of the hull 51 of the ship 5, and a propulsion device 53 is provided on the lower rear side.
  • a plurality of (three in this embodiment) double shell tanks 1 arranged in the captain direction are mounted on the hull 51.
  • the plurality of double-shell tanks 1 are arranged so as to project upward from the upper deck of the hull 51, and the upper portion of each double-shell tank 1 is covered with a tank cover 54.
  • Each double shell tank 1A is supported by the hull 51 by a skirt or strut (not shown).
  • first to fifth embodiments (double shell tanks 1A to 1E) of the double shell tank 1 will be described.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double-shell tank 1A according to the first embodiment of the present invention when the double-shell tank 1A is empty
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the double-shell tank 1A shown in FIG. 2 when the double-shell tank 1A is fully loaded. It is sectional drawing which shows the state of.
  • the double-shell tank 1A shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a granular heat insulating material that is filled between the inner tank 2, the outer tank 3 that covers the inner tank 2, and the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer.
  • a material 4 and a vacuum pump 6 for evacuating the space between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 are provided.
  • the inner tank 2 has a non-true spherical hollow shell shape, and is formed by welding, for example, a large number of SUS panels. Inside the inner tank 2, a storage unit 20 for storing the low temperature liquid 7 in a closed state is formed.
  • the inner tank 2 can tolerate shrinkage deformation and deformation recovery due to the temperature difference between the normal temperature at the time of tank construction and the low temperature at the time of accommodating the low temperature liquid 7.
  • the outer tank 3 has a non-spherical hollow shell shape that is one size larger than the inner tank 2, and is formed by welding, for example, a large number of steel plates.
  • the inner tank 2 is supported by the outer tank 3 by a rod or the like (not shown) connecting between the outer wall of the inner tank 2 and the inner wall of the outer tank 3.
  • the inner tank 2 exhibits a hollow spherical shell shape extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the inner tank 2 includes a cylindrical body portion 27 extending in the horizontal direction and a hemispherical side portion 28 that closes both ends of the body portion.
  • the cross section of the inner tank 2 parallel to the ship length direction has an oval shape (also referred to as a rounded rectangle) with the horizontal direction as the longitudinal direction, and the cross section parallel to the ship width direction of the inner tank 2 has a circular shape.
  • the cross section parallel to the ship width direction of the inner tank 2 may have an oval shape with the horizontal direction as the longitudinal direction
  • the cross section parallel to the ship length direction of the inner tank 2 may have a circular shape.
  • the outer tank 3 has a hollow spherical shell shape extending in the horizontal direction, similarly to the inner tank 2.
  • the outer tank 3 includes a substantially cylindrical body portion 37 that is horizontally oriented in the axial direction, and a substantially hemispherical side portion 38 that closes both ends of the body portion.
  • the cross section parallel to the ship length direction of the outer tank 3 has a substantially oval shape with the horizontal direction as the longitudinal direction, and the cross section parallel to the ship width direction of the outer tank 3 has an oval shape with the vertical direction as the longitudinal direction.
  • the cross section parallel to the ship width direction of the outer tank 3 has a substantially oval shape with the horizontal direction as the longitudinal direction, and the cross section parallel to the ship length direction of the outer tank 3 has an oval shape with the vertical direction as the longitudinal direction. You may.
  • the diameter of the body 37 of the outer tank 3 is larger than the diameter of the body 27 of the inner tank 2.
  • the center 3c of the outer tank 3 is located above the center 2c of the inner tank 2.
  • the granular heat insulating material 4 is packed in a compact state in the space surrounded by the outer wall of the inner tank 2 and the inner wall of the outer tank 3.
  • the granular heat insulating material 4 is, for example, granular pearlite.
  • a known granular heat insulating material other than pearlite may be adopted.
  • a fibrous heat insulating material such as glass wool may be partially arranged in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the inner tank 2 and the inner wall of the outer tank 3.
  • the space between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 is forcibly exhausted by the vacuum pump 6 and is almost in a vacuum state.
  • the space filled with the granular heat insulating material 4 into a substantially vacuum state in this way, the heat insulating effect is further enhanced.
  • the space between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 does not necessarily have to be in a vacuum state, and may be filled with gas according to the properties of the low temperature liquid 7 stored in the storage unit 20.
  • the vertical line passing through the center 3c of the outer tank 3 and the vertical line passing through the center 2c of the inner tank 2 coincide with the tank center line C of the double-shell tank 1A.
  • bottom gap G1 the gap between the inner wall of the outer tank 3 and the outer wall of the inner tank 2 on the tank center line C.
  • top gap G2 the gap between the inner wall of the outer tank 3 and the outer wall of the inner tank 2 on the tank center line C.
  • the “tank top” means a portion corresponding to the top of the double shell tank 1A in the space outside the inner tank 2 and inside the outer tank 3.
  • the “tank bottom” refers to a portion corresponding to the bottom of the double shell tank 1A in the space outside the inner tank 2 and inside the outer tank 3.
  • the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 are arranged so that the top gap G2 is larger than the bottom gap G1.
  • the inner tank 2 When the low temperature liquid 7 is housed in the inner tank 2, the inner tank 2 is contracted and deformed, and the granular heat insulating material 4 is settled accordingly, and a gap is generated at the top of the tank.
  • the difference between the volume of the void at the top of the tank when empty (FIG. 2) and the volume of the void at the top of the tank when fully loaded (FIG. 3) is defined as the void volume ⁇ V.
  • the void volume ⁇ V can be obtained by calculation or simulation.
  • the empty loading is when the storage portion 20 of the inner tank 2 is empty (FIG. 2), and when the cargo is empty (or the liquid level which can be regarded as empty), or when the product is manufactured. Applicable when it is done.
  • the full load is a state in which the low temperature liquid 7 is stored in the storage section 20 of the inner tank 2 to a predetermined full load level (FIG. 3).
  • ⁇ L be the height corresponding to the void volume ⁇ V from the top of the tank.
  • the height ⁇ L can be obtained by calculation using information such as the shape of the outer tank 3.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 at the time of emptying is equal to or larger than the value L1 of the size L1 of the bottom gap G1 plus the height ⁇ L corresponding to the volume of the void volume ⁇ V from the top of the tank.
  • the following equation 1 is established between the size L2 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading, the size L1 of the bottom gap G1, and the height ⁇ L.
  • the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 in the top gap G2 at the time of full loading is equal to or larger than the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 in the bottom gap G1.
  • the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading may be filled with the granular heat insulating material 4.
  • the inner tank 2 having a hollow shell shape in which the storage portion 20 is formed, the outer tank 3 covering the inner tank 2, and the inner tank 2
  • a heat insulating material (granular heat insulating material 4 in the present embodiment) that is filled in the space surrounded by the outer wall and the inner wall of the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer is provided.
  • the size of the top gap G2 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size of the bottom gap G1 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3.
  • the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 at the time of emptying corresponds to the size L1 of the bottom gap G1 and the volume of the gap (void volume ⁇ V) generated by the sedimentation of the granular heat insulating material 4 due to the shrinkage deformation of the inner tank 2. It is desirable that the value is equal to or more than the value obtained by adding the height ⁇ L from the top of the outer tank 3 for the volume to be used.
  • a heat insulating layer thicker than the bottom of the tank is formed at the top of the tank when it is empty (see FIG. 2). Then, when the low temperature liquid 7 is supplied to the inner tank 2 and the inner tank 2 contracts, the gap between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 widens, and the granules filled between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 are filled. Although the heat insulating material 4 is settled, a heat insulating layer having a sufficient thickness L2'is maintained at the top of the tank even when the granular heat insulating material 4 is settled (see FIG. 3).
  • a heat insulating layer having an appropriate thickness L2' is provided on the top of the tank even after the granular heat insulating material 4 has settled due to the shrinkage deformation of the inner tank 2. Can be retained.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double shell tank 1B according to the second embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the double shell tank 1B shown in FIG. 4 when fully loaded.
  • the same or similar members as those of the above-mentioned first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the double-shell tank 1B includes a non-true spherical inner tank 2 having a storage portion 20 formed therein, an outer tank 3 covering the inner tank 2, and an outer tank 3. It is provided with a granular heat insulating material 4 that is filled in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the inner tank 2 and the inner wall of the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer.
  • the inner tank 2 exhibits a hollow spherical shell shape extending in the vertical direction.
  • the inner tank 2 includes a lower hemisphere shell portion 21, an upper hemisphere shell portion 22, and a tubular body portion 23 connecting the lower hemisphere shell portion 21 and the upper hemisphere shell portion 22.
  • the diameters of the lower hemisphere shell portion 21, the upper hemisphere shell portion 22, and the body portion 23 are equal.
  • the outer tank 3 exhibits a hollow spherical shell shape extending in the vertical direction.
  • the outer tank 3 includes a lower hemisphere shell portion 31, an upper hemisphere shell portion 32, and a tubular body portion 33 that connects the lower hemisphere shell portion 31 and the upper hemisphere shell portion 32 in the vertical direction.
  • the diameters of the lower hemisphere shell portion 31, the upper hemisphere shell portion 32, and the body portion 33 are equal, and the value thereof is larger than the diameter of the inner tank 2.
  • the height of the body portion 33 of the outer tank 3 is larger than the height of the body portion 23 of the inner tank 2.
  • the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 are arranged so that the center 21c of the lower hemisphere shell portion 21 of the inner tank 2 and the center 31c of the lower hemisphere shell portion 31 of the outer tank 3 coincide with each other.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 is the bottom gap G1 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 as in the above-mentioned double-shell tank 1A. It is larger than the size L1. Further, the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • each of the outer tank 3 and the inner tank 2 has a lower hemisphere shell portion 31,21, an upper hemisphere shell portion 32,22, and a lower hemisphere shell portion 31,21. It is composed of tubular body portions 33 and 23 connecting the hemispherical shell portions 32 and 22, and the height of the body portion 33 of the outer tank 3 is larger than the height of the body portion 23 of the inner tank 2.
  • the inner tank 2 exhibits a spherical shell shape stretched in the vertical direction. Therefore, in addition to the action and effect of the double shell tank 1A according to the first embodiment, the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 2 and the outer tank are formed. Compared with the case where 3 has a true spherical shell shape, the volume of the storage unit 20 can be increased with respect to the occupied floor area.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double shell tank 1C according to the third embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the double shell tank 1C shown in FIG. 6 when the tank is fully loaded.
  • the same or similar members as those of the above-mentioned first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the double-shell tank 1C includes a non-true spherical inner tank 2 having a storage portion 20 formed therein, an outer tank 3 covering the inner tank 2, and an outer tank 3. It is provided with a granular heat insulating material 4 that is filled in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the inner tank 2 and the inner wall of the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer.
  • each of the outer tank 3 and the inner tank 2 has a rectangular parallelepiped hollow shell shape. That is, each of the outer tank 3 and the inner tank 2 is a square tank. The center 3c of the outer tank 3 is located above the center 2c of the inner tank 2.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 is the bottom gap G1 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 as in the above-mentioned double shell tank 1A. It is larger than the size L1. Further, the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • the case where the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 have a spherical shell shape is compared with the case where the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 have a spherical shell shape. Therefore, the volume of the storage unit 20 can be increased with respect to the occupied floor area.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double shell tank 1D according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • the same or similar members as those of the above-mentioned first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the double-shell tank 1D has a non-spherical inner tank 2 having a storage portion 20 formed therein, an outer tank 3 covering the inner tank 2, and an inner tank 2. It is provided with a granular heat insulating material 4 which is filled in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the outer wall and the inner wall of the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer.
  • each of the outer tank 3 and the inner tank 2 has a flat-bottomed cylindrical hollow shell shape.
  • the inner tank 2 includes a circular flat bottom, a cylindrical body rising from the periphery of the bottom, and a hemispherical shell-shaped top connected to the upper part of the body.
  • the outer tank 3 includes a circular flat bottom, a cylindrical body rising from the periphery of the bottom, and a hemispherical shell-shaped top connected to the upper part of the body.
  • the body of the outer tank 3 has a larger diameter and a higher height than the body of the inner tank 2.
  • the center 3c of the outer tank 3 is located above the center 2c of the inner tank 2.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 is the same as that of the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 as in the above-mentioned double shell tank 1A.
  • the size of the bottom gap G1 is larger than the size L1.
  • the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • the bottom of the inner tank 2 has a flat bottom, so that the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 have a flat bottom.
  • the volume of the storage portion 20 can be increased with respect to the occupied floor area.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of the double shell tank 1E according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention when it is empty.
  • the same or similar members as those of the above-mentioned first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the double-shell tank 1E has a non-spherical inner tank 2 having a storage portion 20 formed therein, an outer tank 3 covering the inner tank 2, and an inner tank 2. It is provided with a granular heat insulating material 4 which is filled in a space surrounded by the outer wall of the outer wall and the inner wall of the outer tank 3 to form a heat insulating layer.
  • the inner tank 2 has a top and a bottom portion having a shape forming a part of a true sphere, and a body portion having a shape forming a part of a non-true sphere.
  • the top and torso are smoothly connected, and the bottom and torso are smoothly connected.
  • the center of curvature at the top is below the center 2c of the inner tank 2, and the center of curvature at the bottom is above the center 2c of the inner tank 2.
  • the diameter of the equatorial portion of the torso is approximately the same as the diameter of the virtual true sphere formed in part by the apex and torso.
  • the connection between the torso and the top, and the connection between the torso and the bottom expand outward from the virtual true sphere formed in part by the top and the torso.
  • the outer tank 3 has a top and a bottom having a shape forming a part of a true sphere and a body having a shape forming a part of a non-true sphere, similarly to the inner tank 2. ..
  • the radius of curvature of the top and bottom of the outer tank 3 is larger than the radius of curvature of the top and bottom of the inner tank 2.
  • the height of the body of the outer tank 3 is larger than the height of the body of the inner tank 2.
  • the center 3c of the outer tank 3 is located above the center 2c of the inner tank 2.
  • the size L2 of the top gap G2 between the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 is the same as that of the inner tank 2 and the outer tank 3 as in the above-mentioned double shell tank 1A.
  • the size of the bottom gap G1 is larger than the size L1.
  • the thickness of the granular heat insulating material 4 of the top gap G2 at the time of empty loading is larger than the size L1 of the bottom gap G1.
  • the storage portion in addition to the action and effect of the double-shell tank 1A according to the first embodiment, the storage portion has a spherical shell shape that is partially expanded from the true sphere. It has the effect that the volume of 20 can be increased with respect to the occupied floor area.
  • the present invention may include modified details of the specific structure and / or function of the above embodiment without departing from the gist of the present invention. ..
  • the above configuration can be changed, for example, as follows.
  • the double shell tanks 1, 1A to 1E are supported by the hull 51, but the double shell tanks 1, 1A to 1E may be installed on the ground.
  • a heat insulating layer having a sufficient thickness is maintained at the top of the tank even when the granular heat insulating material 4 is settled due to the shaking or vibration of the hull 51.

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Abstract

低温液体を貯蔵する二重殻タンクは、貯蔵部が内部に形成された非真球形の中空殻形状の内槽と、内槽を覆う外槽と、内槽の外壁及び外槽の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材とを、備える。そして、空載時の内槽と外槽との頂部隙間の大きさが、内槽と外槽との底部隙間の大きさよりも大きく、空載時における前記頂部隙間の前記粒状断熱材の厚さは、前記底部隙間の大きさよりも大きい。

Description

二重殻タンク及び船舶
　本発明は、外槽と内槽とを備える二重殻タンク及びそれを搭載した船舶の構造に関する。
　従来から、低温液体を貯蔵するタンクとして、二重殻タンクが知られている。二重殻タンクは、一般的に、低温液体を収容する内槽と、この内槽を所定の間隔を隔てて外側から覆う外槽と、内槽と外槽との間に形成された断熱層とを備える。断熱層は、例えば、内槽と外槽との間に充填された粒状断熱材で形成され、粒状断熱材としてはパーライトが使用される。
　二重殻タンクの建造時に、内槽と外槽とが完成してから、内槽が空の状態で内槽と外槽との間を埋めるように粒状断熱材が充填される。そのため、内槽に低温液体が供給されて内槽が熱収縮すると、内槽と外槽との間隔が広がって、内槽と外槽との間に充填されている粒状断熱材が沈降する可能性がある。粒状断熱材が沈降した場合、二重殻タンクのタンク頂部に粒状断熱材の存在しない空間が生じ、タンク頂部の断熱層の厚さが低減する。なお、ここで「タンク頂部」とは、内槽の外側且つ外槽の内側の空間において、二重殻タンクの頂部に当たる部分をいう。二重殻タンクにおいて断熱層の厚さが不十分な箇所が生じると、その箇所の断熱性が低下する。断熱性の低下により、内槽の冷熱が外槽に伝わり、外槽に霜が付き、外槽の腐食を招くおそれがある。また、断熱性の低下により内槽への入熱量が増加すると、低温液体のボイルオフガス量が増加し、内槽の圧力が過剰となるおそれがある。
　そこで、特許文献１の二重殻タンクでは、内槽の半径方向に伸縮可能な伸縮材（グラスウール）で形成された内側の断熱層と、充填材（パーライト）で形成された外側の断熱層との内外二層からなる断熱層を備える。この二重殻タンクでは、内槽の熱収縮によって断熱層に生じる隙間が膨張した伸縮材によって充たされ、充填材の沈降が抑制される。
特開２０１３－２３８２８５号公報
　本発明は以上の事情に鑑みてされたものであり、その目的は、特許文献１の二重殻タンクと異なるアアプローチから、内槽の収縮変形に起因して粒状断熱材が沈降した後もタンク頂部に適切な厚さの断熱層を保持することの可能な二重殻タンク及びそれを搭載した船舶を提供することにある。
　本発明の一態様に係る二重殻タンクは、
貯蔵部が内部に形成された非真球形の中空殻形状の内槽と、
前記内槽を覆う外槽と、
前記内槽の外壁及び前記外槽の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材とを、備え、
空載時の前記内槽と前記外槽との頂部隙間の大きさが、前記内槽と前記外槽との底部隙間の大きさよりも大きく、空載時における前記頂部隙間の前記粒状断熱材の厚さは、前記底部隙間の大きさよりも大きいことを特徴としている。
ここで、前記外槽の中心が前記内槽の中心よりも上方に位置していてよい。或いは、前記外槽及び前記内槽の各々は、下半球殻部と、上半球殻部と、前記下半球殻部と前記上半球殻部とを繋ぐ筒形状の胴部とからなり、前記外槽の前記胴部の高さは前記内槽の前記胴部の高さよりも大きくてよい。
　上記二重殻タンクにおいて、空載時における前記頂部隙間の大きさは、前記底部隙間の大きさに、前記内槽の収縮変形に伴う前記粒状断熱材の沈降により生じる空隙の体積に相当する体積分の前記外槽の頂部からの高さを加えた値以上であることが望ましい。
　また、本発明の一態様に係る船舶は、上記構成の二重殻タンクを搭載している。
　上記二重殻タンク及びそれを搭載した船舶では、二重殻タンクの頂部隙間の大きさが底部隙間の大きさよりも大きいことから、空載時においてタンク頂部にタンク底部よりも厚い断熱層を形成し得る。そして、二重殻タンクの空載時における頂部隙間の粒状断熱材の厚さは底部隙間の大きさよりも大きいことから、内槽に低温液体が供給されて内槽が収縮すると、内槽と外槽との隙間が広がって、内槽と外槽との間に充填されている粒状断熱材が沈降するが、粒状断熱材が沈降した状態においても、タンク頂部に十分な厚さの断熱層が保持される。
　本発明によれば、内槽の収縮変形に起因して粒状断熱材が沈降した後もタンク頂部に適切な厚さの断熱層を保持し得る二重殻タンク及びそれを搭載した船舶を提供することができる。
図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る二重殻タンクを搭載した船舶を示す図である。 図２は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る空の二重殻タンクの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。 図３は、図２に示す二重殻タンクの満載時の断面図である。 図４は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る二重殻タンクの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。 図５は、図４に示す二重殻タンクの満載時の断面図である。 図６は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る二重殻タンクの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。 図７は、図６に示す二重殻タンクの満載時の断面図である。 図８は、本発明の第４実施形態に係る二重殻タンクの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。 図９は、本発明の第５実施形態に係る二重殻タンクの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。
　図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１を搭載した船舶５を示す図である。図１に示す船舶５は、例えば、液化ガス運搬船である。二重殻タンク１は、液体水素、液体窒素、液化天然ガス等の低温液体を貯蔵するために利用される。船舶５の船体５１の後側上部には船橋５２が設けられ、後側下部には推進器５３が設けられている。船体５１には、船長方向に並ぶ複数個（本実施形態では３個）の二重殻タンク１が搭載されている。複数の二重殻タンク１は、船体５１の上甲板から上方へ突出するように配置され、各二重殻タンク１の上部はタンクカバー５４で覆われている。各二重殻タンク１Ａは、図示されないスカート又は支柱によって船体５１に支持される。以下、二重殻タンク１の第１～５実施形態（二重殻タンク１Ａ～１Ｅ）について説明する。
〔第１実施形態〕
　次に、図面を参照して本発明の第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａを説明する。図２は、本発明の第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図であり、図３は、図２に示す二重殻タンク１Ａの満載時の状態を示す断面図である。
　図２及び図３に示す二重殻タンク１Ａは、内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２と外槽３との間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材４と、内槽２と外槽３との間の空間を真空引きする真空ポンプ６とを備える。
　内槽２は、非真球形の中空殻形状を呈し、例えば、多数のＳＵＳ製パネルが溶接されて成る。内槽２の内部には、低温液体７を密閉した状態で貯蔵する貯蔵部２０が形成されている。内槽２は、タンク建造時の常温と低温液体７収容時の低温との温度差による収縮変形及び変形回復を許容し得る。
　外槽３は、内槽２よりも一回り大きい非真球形の中空殻形状を呈し、例えば、多数の鋼板が溶接されて成る。内槽２は、内槽２の外壁と外槽３の内壁との間を接続する図示されないロッド等によって、外槽３に支持される。
　図２に示す二重殻タンク１Ａでは、内槽２は水平方向へ伸長した中空球殻形状を呈する。内槽２は、水平方向に延びる円筒状の胴部２７と、胴部の両端を閉塞する半球状の側部２８とからなる。内槽２の船長方向と平行な断面は水平方向を長手方向とする長円形（角丸長方形とも称する）を呈し、内槽２の船幅方向と平行な断面は円形を呈する。但し、内槽２の船幅方向と平行な断面が水平方向を長手方向とする長円形を呈し、内槽２の船長方向と平行な断面が円形を呈していてもよい。
　外槽３は、内槽２と同様に、水平方向へ伸長した中空球殻形状を呈する。外槽３は、軸心方向を水平方向する略円筒状の胴部３７と、胴部の両端を閉塞する略半球状の側部３８とからなる。外槽３の船長方向と平行な断面は水平方向を長手方向とする略長円形を呈し、外槽３の船幅方向と平行な断面は上下方向を長手方向とする長円形を呈する。但し、外槽３の船幅方向と平行な断面が水平方向を長手方向とする略長円形を呈し、外槽３の船長方向と平行な断面が上下方向を長手方向とする長円形を呈していてもよい。外槽３の胴部３７の直径は内槽２の胴部２７の直径よりも大きい。外槽３の中心３ｃは、内槽２の中心２ｃよりも上方に位置する。
　粒状断熱材４は、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に圧密状態で充填されている。粒状断熱材４は、例えば、粒状のパーライトである。但し、粒状断熱材４は、パーライト以外の公知の粒状断熱材が採用されてよい。また、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に、グラスウールなどの繊維状断熱材が部分的に配置されていてもよい。
　内槽２と外槽３との間の空間は、真空ポンプ６によって強制排気され、ほぼ真空状態とされている。このように粒状断熱材４が充填された空間がほぼ真空状態とされることで、断熱効果が更に高められている。但し、内槽２と外槽３との間の空間は、必ずしも真空状態である必要はなく、貯蔵部２０に貯蔵される低温液体７の性状に応じて気体が充填されていてもよい。
　外槽３の中心３ｃを通る鉛直線と、内槽２の中心２ｃを通る鉛直線とは、二重殻タンク１Ａのタンク中心線Ｃと一致する。タンク底部において、タンク中心線Ｃ上における外槽３の内壁と内槽２の外壁との隙間を「底部隙間Ｇ１」と称する。また、タンク頂部において、タンク中心線Ｃ上における外槽３の内壁と内槽２の外壁との隙間を「頂部隙間Ｇ２」と称する。なお、この明細書において「タンク頂部」とは、内槽２の外側且つ外槽３の内側の空間において、二重殻タンク１Ａの頂部に当たる部分をいう。また、この明細書において、「タンク底部」とは、内槽２の外側且つ外槽３の内側の空間において、二重殻タンク１Ａの底部に当たる部分をいう。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａでは、底部隙間Ｇ１よりも頂部隙間Ｇ２が大きくなるように、内槽２と外槽３とが配置されている。
　内槽２に低温液体７が収容されると内槽２は収縮変形し、これに伴って粒状断熱材４が沈降し、タンク頂部に空隙が生じる。空載時（図２）のタンク頂部の空隙の体積と、満載時（図３）のタンク頂部の空隙の体積との差を空隙体積ΔＶとする。空隙体積ΔＶは、計算やシミュレーションにより求めることができる。なお、空載時とは、内槽２の貯蔵部２０が空の状態（図２）のときのことであり、積み荷が空（又は、空と見做せる液位）であるときや、製造されたときが該当する。また、満載時とは、内槽２の貯蔵部２０に低温液体７が所定の満載液位まで収容された状態（図３）のときのことである。タンク頂部から空隙体積ΔＶに相当する体積分の高さをΔＬとする。高さΔＬは、外槽３の形状等の情報を利用して計算によって求めることができる。空載時の頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２は、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１に、タンク頂部から空隙体積ΔＶに相当する体積分の高さΔＬを加えた値以上である。空載時の頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２と、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１と、高さΔＬとの間には、次式１が成立する。
Ｌ２＞Ｌ１＋ΔＬ・・・（式１）
空載時の頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２が過剰となると経済的ではないことから、空載時の頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２は上記式１を満足するうち小さい値であることが望ましい。
　そして、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。望ましくは、満載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さが、底部隙間Ｇ１の粒状断熱材４の厚さ以上である。なお、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２は、粒状断熱材４で埋められていてもよい。
　以上に説明した通り、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａは、貯蔵部２０が内部に形成された中空殻形状の内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する断熱材（本実施形態では粒状断熱材４）とを、備える。そして、空載時の内槽２と外槽３との頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさが、内槽２と外槽３との底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさよりも大きい。
　ここで、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きいことが望ましい。更に、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２は、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１に、内槽２の収縮変形に伴う粒状断熱材４の沈降により生じる空隙の体積（空隙体積ΔＶ）に相当する体積分の外槽３の頂部からの高さΔＬを加えた値以上であることが望ましい。
　上記構成の二重殻タンク１Ａでは、空載時において、タンク頂部にタンク底部よりも厚い断熱層が形成されている（図２、参照）。そして、内槽２に低温液体７が供給されて内槽２が収縮すると、内槽２と外槽３との隙間が広がって、内槽２と外槽３との間に充填されている粒状断熱材４が沈降するが、粒状断熱材４が沈降した状態においても、タンク頂部に十分な厚さＬ２’の断熱層が保持される（図３、参照）。
　このように、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａによれば、内槽２の収縮変形に起因して粒状断熱材４が沈降した後もタンク頂部に適切な厚さＬ２’の断熱層を保持することができる。
〔第２実施形態〕
　次に、本発明の第２実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｂを説明する。図４は、本発明の第２実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｂの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。図５は、図４に示す二重殻タンク１Ｂの満載時の断面図である。なお、本実施形態の説明においては、前述の第１実施形態と同一又は類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。
　図４及び図５に示すように、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｂは、内部に貯蔵部２０が形成された非真球形の内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材４とを備える。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｂにおいて、内槽２は上下方向へ伸長した中空球殻形状を呈する。内槽２は、下半球殻部２１と、上半球殻部２２と、下半球殻部２１と上半球殻部２２とを繋ぐ筒形状の胴部２３とからなる。下半球殻部２１、上半球殻部２２、及び胴部２３の直径は等しい。
　また、二重殻タンク１Ｂにおいて、外槽３は上下方向へ伸長した中空球殻形状を呈する。外槽３は、下半球殻部３１と、上半球殻部３２と、下半球殻部３１と上半球殻部３２とを上下方向に繋ぐ筒形状の胴部３３とからなる。下半球殻部３１、上半球殻部３２、及び胴部３３の直径は等しく、その値は内槽２の直径よりも大きい。そして、外槽３の胴部３３の高さは内槽２の胴部２３の高さよりも大きい。内槽２と外槽３とは、内槽２の下半球殻部２１の中心２１ｃと外槽３の下半球殻部３１の中心３１ｃとが一致するように配置されている。
　二重殻タンク１Ｂにおいても、前述の二重殻タンク１Ａと同様に、内槽２と外槽３との頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２が、内槽２と外槽３との底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。また、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｂでは、外槽３及び内槽２の各々は、下半球殻部３１，２１、上半球殻部３２，２２、及び、下半球殻部３１，２１と上半球殻部３２，２２とを繋ぐ筒形状の胴部３３，２３からなり、外槽３の胴部３３の高さは内槽２の胴部２３の高さよりも大きい。このように二重殻タンク１Ｂでは内槽２が上下方向にストレッチした球殻形状を呈するので、上記第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａの作用効果に加えて、内槽２及び外槽３が真球球殻形状である場合と比較して、貯蔵部２０の容積を占有床面積に対して大きくすることができるという作用効果を奏する。
〔第３実施形態〕
　次に、本発明の第３実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｃを説明する。図６は、本発明の第３実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｃの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。図７は、図６に示す二重殻タンク１Ｃの満載時の断面図である。なお、本実施形態の説明においては、前述の第１実施形態と同一又は類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。
　図６及び図７に示すように、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｃは、内部に貯蔵部２０が形成された非真球形の内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材４とを備える。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｃにおいて、外槽３及び内槽２の各々は、いずれも直方体状の中空殻形状を有する。つまり、外槽３及び内槽２の各々は、いずれも方形タンクである。そして、外槽３の中心３ｃは、内槽２の中心２ｃよりも上方に位置する。
　二重殻タンク１Ｃにおいても、前述の二重殻タンク１Ａと同様に、内槽２と外槽３との頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２が、内槽２と外槽３との底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。また、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｃでは、上記第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａの作用効果に加えて、内槽２及び外槽３が真球球殻形状である場合と比較して、貯蔵部２０の容積を占有床面積に対して大きくすることができるという作用効果を奏する。
〔第４実施形態〕
　次に、本発明の第４実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄを説明する。図８は、本発明の第４実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。なお、本実施形態の説明においては、前述の第１実施形態と同一又は類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。
　図８に示すように、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄは、内部に貯蔵部２０が形成された非真球形の内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材４とを備える。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄにおいて、外槽３及び内槽２の各々は、いずれも平底円筒状の中空殻形状を有する。内槽２は、円形状の平らな底部と、底の周囲から立ち上がる円筒状の胴部と、胴部の上部に接続された半球殻状の頂部とからなる。外槽３は、内槽２と同様に、円形状の平らな底部と、底の周囲から立ち上がる円筒状の胴部と、胴部の上部に接続された半球殻状の頂部とからなる。外槽３の胴部は、内槽２の胴部よりも大径であり且つ高さが高い。そして、外槽３の中心３ｃは、内槽２の中心２ｃよりも上方に位置する。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄにおいても、前述の二重殻タンク１Ａと同様に、内槽２と外槽３との頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２が、内槽２と外槽３との底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。また、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｄでは、上記第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａの作用効果に加えて、内槽２の底部が平底であることによって、内槽２及び外槽３が真球球殻形状である場合と比較して、貯蔵部２０の容積を占有床面積に対して大きくすることができるという作用効果を奏する。
〔第５実施形態〕
　次に、本発明の第５実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅを説明する。図９は、本発明の第５実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅの空載時の全体的な構成を示す断面図である。なお、本実施形態の説明においては、前述の第１実施形態と同一又は類似の部材には図面に同一の符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。
　図９に示すように、本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅは、内部に貯蔵部２０が形成された非真球形の内槽２と、内槽２を覆う外槽３と、内槽２の外壁及び外槽３の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材４とを備える。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅにおいて、内槽２は、真球体の一部をなす形状である頂部及び底部と、非真球体の一部をなす形状である胴部とを有する。頂部と胴部、底部と胴部とは滑らかにつながっている。頂部の曲率中心は内槽２の中心２ｃより下方にあり、底部の曲率中心は内槽２の中心２ｃよりも上方にある。胴部の赤道部分の直径は、頂部と胴部によってその一部が形成される仮想の真球体の直径と略同一である。胴部と頂部の接続部分、及び、胴部と底部の接続部分は、頂部と胴部によってその一部が形成される仮想の真球体よりも外側へ膨張している。
　二重殻タンク１Ｅにおいて、外槽３は、内槽２と同様に、真球体の一部をなす形状である頂部及び底部と、非真球体の一部をなす形状である胴部とを有する。外槽３の頂部及び底部の曲率半径は、内槽２の頂部及び底部の曲率半径よりも大きい。外槽３の胴部の高さは、内槽２の胴部の高さよりも大きい。そして、外槽３の中心３ｃは、内槽２の中心２ｃよりも上方に位置する。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅにおいても、前述の二重殻タンク１Ａと同様に、内槽２と外槽３との頂部隙間Ｇ２の大きさＬ２が、内槽２と外槽３との底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。また、空載時における頂部隙間Ｇ２の粒状断熱材４の厚さは、底部隙間Ｇ１の大きさＬ１よりも大きい。
　本実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ｅでは、上記第１実施形態に係る二重殻タンク１Ａの作用効果に加えて、真球体よりも部分的に膨張した球殻形状であることによって、貯蔵部２０の容積を占有床面積に対して大きくすることができるという作用効果を奏する。
　以上に本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明したが、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、上記実施形態の具体的な構造及び／又は機能の詳細を変更したものも本発明に含まれ得る。上記の構成は、例えば、以下のように変更することができる。
　例えば、上記実施形態において二重殻タンク１，１Ａ～１Ｅは船体５１に支持されているが、二重殻タンク１，１Ａ～１Ｅは地上に設置されてもよい。二重殻タンク１，１Ａ～１Ｅが船体５１に支持された場合、船体５１の動揺や振動による粒状断熱材４の沈降に対してもタンク頂部に十分な厚さの断熱層が保持される。
１，１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄ, １Ｅ：二重殻タンク
２　　　：内槽
２ｃ　　：内槽の中心
３　　　：外槽
３ｃ　　：外槽の中心
４　　　：粒状断熱材
５　　　：船舶
５１　　：船体
６　　　：真空ポンプ
７　　　：低温液体
２０　　：貯蔵部
２１，３１　　：下半球殻部
３１ｃ　：下半球殻部の中心
２２，３２　　：上半球殻部
２３，３３　　：胴部
Ｃ　　　：タンク中心線
Ｇ１　　：底部隙間
Ｇ２　　：頂部隙間

Claims (5)

  1. 　貯蔵部が内部に形成された非真球形の中空殻形状の内槽と、
    　前記内槽を覆う外槽と、
    　前記内槽の外壁及び前記外槽の内壁によって囲まれた空間に充填されて断熱層を形成する粒状断熱材とを、備え、
    　空載時の前記内槽と前記外槽との頂部隙間の大きさが、前記内槽と前記外槽との底部隙間の大きさよりも大きく、空載時における前記頂部隙間の前記粒状断熱材の厚さは、前記底部隙間の大きさよりも大きい、
    二重殻タンク。
  2. 　空載時における前記頂部隙間の大きさは、前記底部隙間の大きさに、前記内槽の収縮変形に伴う前記粒状断熱材の沈降により生じる空隙の体積に相当する体積分の前記外槽の頂部からの高さを加えた値以上である、
    請求項１に記載の二重殻タンク。
  3. 　前記外槽の中心が前記内槽の中心よりも上方に位置する、
    請求項１又は２に記載の二重殻タンク。
  4. 　前記外槽及び前記内槽の各々は、下半球殻部、上半球殻部、及び、前記下半球殻部と前記上半球殻部とを繋ぐ筒形状の胴部からなり、前記外槽の前記胴部の高さは前記内槽の前記胴部の高さよりも大きい、
    請求項１又は２に記載の二重殻タンク。
  5. 　請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の二重殻タンクを搭載した、船舶。
PCT/JP2020/025367 2020-06-26 2020-06-26 二重殻タンク及び船舶 WO2021260947A1 (ja)

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EP20942157.7A EP4174361A4 (en) 2020-06-26 2020-06-26 DOUBLE WALLED TANK AND CONTAINER
KR1020237001208A KR20230021749A (ko) 2020-06-26 2020-06-26 이중각 탱크 및 선박
PCT/JP2020/025367 WO2021260947A1 (ja) 2020-06-26 2020-06-26 二重殻タンク及び船舶
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KR20230021749A (ko) 2023-02-14

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