WO2021259651A2 - Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile - Google Patents

Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021259651A2
WO2021259651A2 PCT/EP2021/065602 EP2021065602W WO2021259651A2 WO 2021259651 A2 WO2021259651 A2 WO 2021259651A2 EP 2021065602 W EP2021065602 W EP 2021065602W WO 2021259651 A2 WO2021259651 A2 WO 2021259651A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
penetrator
area
main body
region
bore
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/065602
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2021259651A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Berg
Christian Baumann
Michael Gowin
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh
Priority to CA3188042A priority Critical patent/CA3188042A1/fr
Priority to EP21731779.1A priority patent/EP4172553A2/fr
Publication of WO2021259651A2 publication Critical patent/WO2021259651A2/fr
Publication of WO2021259651A3 publication Critical patent/WO2021259651A3/fr
Priority to US18/087,186 priority patent/US20230332875A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit, in particular a sub-caliber balancing projectile, comprising a one-piece solid main body and an attached partial body.
  • Sub-caliber penetrators are used to combat armored targets, such as battle tanks.
  • An example of this type of massive penetrator is the DM53 / DM63 series bullet from Rheinmetall.
  • a reactive target interacts with a pre-target, such as the first plate with the tip of the penetrator.
  • a penetrator with a stepped profile is known from the document EP 2 372 295 B1, which has a bore inside which extends along the two stepped parts of the penetrator, an explosive charge being arranged inside the bore and the wall of the penetrator over this area is formed substantially the same thickness.
  • This penetrator is not suitable for fighting a battle tank with reactive armor, but is used to penetrate a thin wall and cause an explosion with the greatest possible fragmentation effect. This is because the penetrator does not have a massive main body.
  • the document DE 40 22 821 A1 discloses a sub-caliber balancing projectile which has a large length / diameter ratio and is intended to penetrate targets with multiple armor. To ensure this, a predetermined breaking point is arranged in the area of the tip so that the tip can break off. With this type of projectile, multi-plate targets are to be fought.
  • a multi-part penetrator is known from document DE 10 2015 117 018 A1, which has an interface to which different penetrator tips can be attached.
  • the different penetrator tips are matched to the respective use.
  • the document EP 2 597 416 A2 also discloses a multi-part penetrator with an attached penetrator tip.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a penetrator which is designed to penetrate a target with reactive pre-armor.
  • a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit in particular a sub-caliber balancing projectile
  • the penetrator comprises a one-piece main body and a partial body placed on the main body.
  • the main body has at least a front area and a rear area.
  • the rear area of the main body is solid and a bore is formed in the front area.
  • the bore includes at least a first area and a second area.
  • the first area receives the attached partial body and the second area extends behind the attached partial body to the rear. In other words, extends the second area is behind the first area for receiving the attached part of the body to the rear.
  • a projectile with a sabot and a tail unit comprising such penetrator or a penetrator further developed as described below is provided.
  • the partial body placed on the main body can be a head. Furthermore, the attached partial body can have a point.
  • the partial body placed on the main body, in particular its tip, can be aerodynamically optimized.
  • the tail unit can be connected to the penetrator, the content of which is incorporated by reference.
  • a ballistically effective hard core can also be provided in the rear of the projectile, as is described in the unpublished German patent application No. 10 2019 126 604.1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a one-piece main body in the context of the invention means that the main body is not composed of different components, but rather it is an element formed in one piece.
  • the penetrator hits the pre-module, then in this first phase of penetration not a particularly large amount of penetrator material is required, since the pre-module is not very thick. Consequently, the front area of the main body of the penetrator according to the invention can be made with a bore.
  • the bore has two areas, the first area of the bore being designed to receive the attached partial body.
  • the second area extends behind the attached partial body and in particular behind the first area for receiving the attached partial body.
  • the second area can remain empty or be filled with a material.
  • the material can be present as an additional element, for example.
  • the second area of the bore is designed to adjust the center of gravity of the main body and thus of the penetrator.
  • the front area of the main body only serves to initiate the explosive charges of the pre-module.
  • the mass saved as a result can either be used to enlarge the diameter of the rear area of the main body or the rear area of the main body can be lengthened.
  • the aim is for the rear area of the main body to develop the greatest possible penetration force in the main target.
  • the entire projectile Due to the hole in the main body of the penetrator, the entire projectile is lighter and the projectile can hit the target at a higher speed with the same firing energy.
  • the hole in the main body in the front part of the main body weakens the flexural rigidity of the main body in this area.
  • a deliberate break-off of the front part of the main body on the reactive pre-module can take place.
  • the remaining rear area of the penetrator is decoupled from the rear side of a reactive pre-module.
  • the main body of the penetrator is less distracted and the terminal ballistic performance in the subsequent main target is significantly increased.
  • the inventive design of the penetrator makes it possible to attack targets with reactive armor.
  • the front part of the main body can be optimally adapted to the reactive targets to be combated.
  • the penetrator is preferably used to fight an armored target, in particular a tank with reactive armor.
  • the invention concerns the optimized front area of the penetrator.
  • the invention is based on the principle of a mass reduction in the front area of the penetrator.
  • the operating principle mass reduction in the front penetrator area
  • the invention is a weight- and geometry-optimized penetrator for combating heavy, reactive protective systems.
  • the bore is dimensioned in such a way that the explosive film of the ERA pre-module is initiated.
  • the length of the front area of the penetrator should be designed in such a way that perforation of the first plate of the pre-module of the target is ensured.
  • the rear area of the penetrator has a length that is sufficient for the perforation of the main module.
  • a side wall can be formed in the front area of the main body.
  • the side wall extends at least over the first region, preferably over the first region of the bore and the second region of the bore.
  • the side wall can be designed essentially as a hollow cylinder.
  • Both the inner wall and the outer wall of the side wall can have an essentially hollow-cylindrical contour.
  • the main body of the penetrator has an essentially cylindrical outer contour.
  • an essentially cylindrical outer shape of the penetrator with the attached partial body is aerodynamically more favorable than a stepped shape of a penetrator.
  • Essentially cylindrical outer contour of the main body in the context of the invention means that the front area and the rear area of the main body have a largely cylindrical shape.
  • the rear area of the main body can, however, also have a thread or groove which is / are formed on or in it in order to attach a sabot to the main body of the penetrator.
  • the first region of the bore has an internal thread to accommodate the attached partial body and the attached partial body has an external thread.
  • the attached partial body it is also possible for the attached partial body to be connected to the main body by means of a press fit.
  • the bore is designed as a blind bore.
  • the drilling can be done up to the middle of the penetrator.
  • the depth of the hole depends on the ERA target plates.
  • the front area is designed like a bowl.
  • the front area of the main body can be designed with a reduced mass compared to the rear area, without this being apparent from the outer contour of the penetrator.
  • This has the advantage that the penetrator cannot be seen from the outside to see how it works.
  • the mode of action of the penetrator according to the invention remains hidden from those people who are not familiar with the internal structure of the penetrator.
  • Reduced mass within the meaning of the invention means that a comparison volume (e.g. a 2 cm thick pane) in the front area has a lower mass than a comparison volume (e.g. a 2 cm thick pane) in the rear area, i.e. has a lower density.
  • a comparison volume e.g. a 2 cm thick pane
  • a comparison volume e.g. a 2 cm thick pane
  • the front area is designed to be kink-resistant in such a way that it can penetrate with the attached partial body into a preliminary target, in particular a front plate of reactive armor.
  • the second region of the bore forms a cavity when the partial body is attached, which cavity is unfilled. In this case the second area remains empty.
  • the second area of the bore forms a cavity when the partial body is attached, which is filled with a material that has a lower density than the material of the rear area of the main body.
  • the material in the second area of the bore can be designed as a separate component. This component can be pressed into the second area of the bore or held in position by the attached part of the body.
  • the component can be connected to the attached partial body and can be designed so that it can be assembled with it.
  • the flexural rigidity of the main body and in particular of the front area of the main body can be improved, while at the same time the weight of the front area of the main body can be reduced.
  • the center of gravity of the main body can be set through the choice of the material or through the choice of the density of the material in the second region of the bore and the amount of material in the second region of the bore.
  • the material of the main body can be tungsten heavy metal, steel, titanium and / or aluminum.
  • sintered tungsten heavy metal can be used as the material.
  • Material in the second area of the bore can be tungsten heavy metal, steel, titanium and / or aluminum.
  • a sintered tungsten heavy metal can be used as the material, it being possible for this to have a lower density than a sintered tungsten heavy metal of the main body Due to the material in the second area of the bore, the flexural rigidity of the attached partial body can be increased when the penetrator hits the ERA plate. This results in further technical variation possibilities.
  • the attached part of the body can be made of tungsten heavy metal, steel, titanium and / or aluminum.
  • the attached part of the body can also be made of sintered tungsten heavy metal as a material.
  • the bore extends in the longitudinal axis direction of the main body.
  • the length ratio of the rear area to the front area is in a range from 10 to 1.5, preferably 8 to 2, in particular 6 to 3.
  • the length of the front, essentially cylindrical part of the main body correlates with the thickness of the first plate of a reactive pre-module.
  • the penetrator according to the invention offers an improved mass insert due to the relatively long and relatively light front part of the main body and the relatively long and heavy rear part of the main body.
  • the length I of the front area is determined according to the formula I> 2 * b / cos (a), where b is the thickness of a first plate of a pre-target and a is the angle of inclination of a surface normal of the first Plate of the pre-target opposite a longitudinal axis of the penetrator.
  • the thickness and angle of the plates of a preliminary target of reactive armor can be assumed to be known, since these can also be determined with sufficient accuracy by enemy tanks, for example by evaluating recordings or on the basis of other findings.
  • the pre-target is preferably a reactive pre-target, such as reactive armor.
  • the front area of the main body has higher strength values and / or a higher hardness than the rear area of the main body.
  • the wall thickness of the front area in particular the side wall, is at least 30% of the outer radius of the front area, in particular 40% to 50% of the outer radius of the front area.
  • the wall thickness of the penetrator in the front area is dimensioned in such a way that the first plate of the ERA module is penetrated and the explosive can be initiated.
  • the main body is formed from a tungsten heavy metal.
  • Tungsten heavy metals are defined, for example, in the material standard ASTM B777-07.
  • a transition area is formed between the front area and the rear area of the main body, which has the predetermined breaking point.
  • the transition area can also be designed in such a way that it influences the fracture behavior of the main body through its design.
  • the predetermined breaking point is designed as a structural notch.
  • the predetermined breaking point is realized in that the transition area is made of a material with a lower strength and / or a higher brittleness than the front area and / or the rear area of the main body.
  • the transition area can be made from a material that has a strength that is 30% lower than that of a base material of the main body.
  • the predetermined breaking point is realized in that the transition area has an increased brittleness achieved by mechanical surface treatment.
  • transition area can be influenced by a special heat treatment, so that this area is brittle and thus reacts more sensitively to tension than the rest of the main body.
  • the attached partial body can be formed from the same material as the main body of the penetrator or from a different material, so that triggering of the reactive pre-module is ensured.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a penetrator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a penetrator according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a penetrator according to the invention and a first plate of a pre-target.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a penetrator 1 according to the invention.
  • the penetrator 1 is designed for a projectile with a tail unit, in particular a sub-caliber balancing projectile.
  • the penetrator comprises a one-piece main body 10 and a partial body 11 placed on the main body 10.
  • the main body 10 has at least a front area 12 and a rear area 13.
  • the partial body 11 placed on the main body can be a head. Furthermore, the attached partial body can have a point
  • the rear region 17 of the main body 10 is solid and a bore 13 is formed in the front region 12.
  • the bore 13 comprises at least a first area 131 and a second area 132.
  • the first area 131 receives the attached part body 11.
  • the second region 132 extends behind the attached partial body 11, preferably extending to the rear in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
  • an, in particular essentially hollow-cylindrical, side wall 14 is formed.
  • the side wall 14 extends at least over the first region 131, preferably over the first region 131 and second region 132.
  • the first region 131 has an internal thread 15 and the attached partial body 11 has an external thread 16. Even if this is not shown in FIG. 1, the bore 13 can be designed as a blind bore.
  • the bore 13 preferably extends, as shown in FIG. 1, in the longitudinal axis direction of the flake body 10.
  • the front area 12 of the flake body is cup-shaped.
  • the second region 132 of the bore 13 is empty.
  • the front area 12 of the flake body 10 is thus designed with a reduced mass compared to the rear area 17, without this being apparent from the outer contour of the penetrator 1.
  • the mass and the center of gravity of the front area can be adjusted.
  • a stain area 16 adjoins the rear area 17 of the flake body 10.
  • the spot area 16 is designed so that the tail unit of the projectile can be attached to it.
  • the length ratio L / l of the rear region 17 to the front region 12 of the main body 10 is in a range from 10 to 1.5, preferably 8 to 2, in particular 6 to 3.
  • the front area 12 of the attached partial body 11 is designed to be kink-resistant, so that it can penetrate a preliminary target, in particular a front plate of reactive armor.
  • the attached part body 11 can have a point.
  • the second region 132 of the bore 13 forms a cavity when the partial body 11 is attached, which, according to the first embodiment according to FIG. 1, remains empty.
  • the main body 10 has an essentially cylindrical outer contour.
  • the front region 12 preferably has higher strength values and / or a higher hardness than the rear region 17 has.
  • the main body 10 is preferably formed from a tungsten heavy metal.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a penetrator 1 according to the invention.
  • the second embodiment is based on the first embodiment and only the differences between the first and the second embodiment are set out below.
  • the second region 132 of the bore 13 forms a cavity when the partial body 11 is attached, which is filled with a material M.
  • the material M in the second region 132 of the bore 13 can be designed as a separate component. This component can be pressed into the second area of the bore 13, or it can be held in its position by the attached partial body 11.
  • the component can be connected to the attached partial body 11 and can be designed so that it can be assembled together with it.
  • the material M has a lower density than the material M ‘of the rear region 17 of the main body 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the front region 12 of the main body 10. Even if the second region 132 of the bore 13 is shown empty, that is to say without material M, the disclosure with regard to FIG. 3 relates to all embodiments of the invention.
  • the wall thickness W of the front area 12 is at least 30% of the outer radius r of the front area 12.
  • the wall thickness W of the front area is preferably 40 to 50% of the outer radius r of the front area 17.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a penetrator 1 according to the invention and a first plate P of a pre-target.
  • the length I of the front area 12 of the main body 10 is determined by the formula I> 2 * b / cos (a).
  • b is the thickness of a first plate P of a pre-target and a is the angle of inclination of a surface normal of the first plate P of the pre-target with respect to a longitudinal axis of the penetrator 1.
  • the pre-target is preferably a reactive pre-target of reactive armor.
  • the thickness b and angle a of the plates of a preliminary target of reactive armor can be assumed to be known, since they can also be determined with sufficient accuracy by enemy tanks, for example by evaluating recordings or on the basis of other findings.
  • the angle a can be, for example, 68 ° and the thickness d of a plate of a pre-target can be 25 mm.
  • the length I of the front region 12 of the main body 10 is then at least 134 mm and the length L of the rear region 17 of the essentially cylindrical part is approximately 620 mm.
  • the disclosure applies in the same way to a projectile which is formed from such a penetrator 1, a tail unit and a sabot.
  • the penetrator 1 according to the invention is used in particular for the use of the penetrator 1 to combat an armored target with reactive armor, in particular a tank, with reactive armor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un pénétrateur (1) conçu pour un projectile équipé d'un empennage, en particulier un pénétrateur à énergie cinétique sous-calibré, comprenant un corps principal (10) monobloc et un empennage (11) monté sur ce corps principal (10), caractérisé en ce que le corps principal (10) comprend au moins une zone antérieure (12) et une zone postérieure (17), la zone postérieure (17) du corps principal étant conçue de manière à être pleine et un trou (13) étant formé dans la partie antérieure (12), ce trou (13) comportant au moins une première zone (131) et une deuxième zone (132), la première zone (131) recevant l'empennage (11) monté et la deuxième zone (132) s'étendant vers l'arrière après l'empennage (11) monté.
PCT/EP2021/065602 2020-06-24 2021-06-10 Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile WO2021259651A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA3188042A CA3188042A1 (fr) 2020-06-24 2021-06-10 Penetrateur, utilisation d'un penetrateur et projectile
EP21731779.1A EP4172553A2 (fr) 2020-06-24 2021-06-10 Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile
US18/087,186 US20230332875A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2022-12-22 Penetrator, use of a penetrator, and projectile

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020116589.7A DE102020116589A1 (de) 2020-06-24 2020-06-24 Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss
DE102020116589.7 2020-06-24

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US18/087,186 Continuation US20230332875A1 (en) 2020-06-24 2022-12-22 Penetrator, use of a penetrator, and projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021259651A2 true WO2021259651A2 (fr) 2021-12-30
WO2021259651A3 WO2021259651A3 (fr) 2022-02-17

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PCT/EP2021/065602 WO2021259651A2 (fr) 2020-06-24 2021-06-10 Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile

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US (1) US20230332875A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4172553A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3188042A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020116589A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021259651A2 (fr)

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DE4022821A1 (de) 1990-07-18 1992-01-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Unterkalibriges wuchtgeschoss
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EP4172553A2 (fr) 2023-05-03
CA3188042A1 (fr) 2021-12-30
DE102020116589A1 (de) 2021-12-30
WO2021259651A3 (fr) 2022-02-17
US20230332875A1 (en) 2023-10-19

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